Newspaper Page Text
“Copyright, 1919,
History’s Contrasts,
Kaiser and Liebknecht.
i ‘‘Red Rosa’’ and Cavell,
No Throne, a Garage.
By Arthur Brisbane
By Arthur Brishane ~—
Writers of history will find
strange contrasts in this war. _
Edith Cavell, the English nurse,
is shot as a spy in Belgium.
Rosa Luxemburg, “Red Rosa,”
who lived with Lenin in Switzer
land and taught him the Bolshe
vism . with which he rules Russia,
is shot in Berlin by milder Social
ists that want a republic with or
der, not her prescriptipn for curing
all-ills,
LN N
The Kaiser, who dreamed of rul
ng the world, is a fugitive in Hol
land. The Allies and his own coun
try seek to extradite him, and hang,
guillotine or shoot him.
® ° .
Tdebknecht opposed the Kaiser's
plan, he was one of the handful
that spoke out against him and
was put in prison. He opposed the
war that has ruined Germany.
Now he js shot to death in Ber
lin with his companion, “Red Rosa.”
. - .
Part of the Kaiser's dream was
to prowide six “newly carpeted”
thrones iln Burope for his six sons,
as Napoleon supplied thrones for
His relatives and proteges.
The oldest Hohenzollern son
Kves In a fishermlan's hut on a
Jonely istand. 'No throne there.
Another son has found a job with
an automobile concern. He may
find there the peace of mind and
safety that he wouldn't have found
on the throne.
¢ & =
The Hohemzollerns that for 700
years had been building up power,
in good times and bad, began as
usurious money lenders in a poor,
barren country. They ruled Ger
many, Austria, Turkey, Bulgaria
and Greece, and intimidated neu
trals but a few months ago. Now
Fbert, the harmessmaker, rules in
Berlin, and Morges, a tailor, is the
head of the Brunswick Govern
ment, fighting the national Gov
ernment of the Berlin harness
maker. >
s/ .8 o) ;
There are some contirésts for
you.
When the war began the United
States confined itself to its own
contigent. The President never
left his country. The newspapers
~ printed regularly George Washing
ton’s advice about “foreign entan
glements.”
Today the President is sitting
with the Prime Ministers of Fng
land, France and Ttaly and the Am
bassadors from Japan and other
countries in Paris, running this
country by wireless, and helpln; to
settle the affairs of all the govern
ments of the world.
These are a few contrasts that
will strike the future writers of
history. They will have to think
hard and steadily to present the
entire Jpicture complete, with its
changes, meanings and its causes.
That will not be done in this cens
tury.
* * 3
‘When the war began Poland was
4 nation chopped to pleces, divided
up by the bandit countries, as
wolves divide and tear up a deer.
The end of the war sees Poland
goix;g back to her old nationality,
with the approval of other nations.
And whom do you find at the head
of Poland in this movement of a
nation’s rebirth?
Is it a descendant of the Poni
atowski ‘who, with bullets in his
bogy, blood streaming, jumped his
horse into the river to swim across
and attack the enemy of Poland,
crying, “Ome must die llke a
brave?”
Is it a descendant of Kosciusko,
who helped this guntry in its fight
and for Poland started with 5,000
men to fight the whole of Russia?
No, none of the old Polish names.
The new head of Poland is Pad
erewski, the musician. The Poles
choose as their leader one repre
senting the intellectual genius, not
the fighting quality, of Poland.
- . .
Instead of a flerce fighter, you
have the gentle musician as head
man in Poland™ He has already
been shot once, and shot at flve
times,
Great as she has been in fight
g, Poland has been even greater
in the production of genius. The
name of Copernicus will stand out
in real history thousands of cen
turies from now, when every name
that you read in today's paper—
Foch, Clemencean, Lloyd George,
Wilson—will be as completely for
gotten as the names of the gen
erals that fought under Caesar, or
the chiefs of the tribes that strug-.
gled here,
7
Belgians Were “Wise” -
To Who Did Bombing
(By International News Service.)
LONDON, Jan. 26.—A Belgian town be
hind the German lines was persistontly
bombed by Allied airmen. The inhabitants,
to the intense rage of the German garrison,
were in the habit of turning out and en
thusiastically cheering these demonstra
tions, said The London Daily News,
One day a group of planes appeared at
which no gun was fired from the earth.
They dropped bombs exclusively on the
Belgian quarter, Next day the town was
placarded with notices: ‘‘The Belgian pop
wiation is perfectly aware of the nation
ality of the airmen whe dropped bombs
yesterday on ——— " The incensed Germans
never were able to find but who #rinted or
wublished the document,
if you have any difficulty in buy
ing Hearst's Sunday American any
where in the South, notify Circula
tion Manager Hearst's Sunday Amer
jcan, Atlanta, Ga.
VOL. V. 'NO. 42.
Morrison Says Employers Dis
charge Men, Rehiring Them
at Pre-War Pay.
FEARS BOLSHEVISM IS NEAR
Labor Federation Secretary Gives
Out Public Statement Pointing
Out Dangers. .
(By International News Serviee.)
WASHINGTON, Jan. 26—Fraak
Morrison, secretary of the American
Federation of Labor, told the Interna
tional News Service that ever since
the armistice was signed em‘ployers
“in various parts of the country have
been discharging their workers and
rehiring them at prewar wages, pro
moting unrest, 1.-W.-W.-ism and Bol
shevism.”
Whether or not he believed this is
the result of a concerted movement or
conspiracy, Morrison would not say.
“I have information from the heads
of several international unions,” Mor
rison said, “that employers in various
parts of the country are discharging
their interest not to aid this element.”
reapply for work at the prewar scale.
&'This is done in an effort to get
cheap labor.
“It creates a condition among work
ers in which the I. W. W. and Bol
shevists receive sympathetic consider
ation.
“It is to be regretted that large em
ployers can not realize that it is to
their interest not to aid this elemen.”
Horrison paced the floor of his office
in the American Federation of Labor
Building when he made this statement
‘public, and plainly showed his concern
over possibilities of unrest in the
country because of this glleged ac
tion. i
He did not attempt to hedge or
evade the issue in the dangers attendy
ant upon the action of the employers
in what he termed “an attempt to
; gain cheap labor.”
i . .
Diving of Hun U-Boat
Was in Reality Fatal
i .
i
‘Plunge of Fritz Craft
* (By International News Service.)
LONDON (by mail).—An interest
ing operation which resuited in the
destruction of a German submarine
was carried out by a destroy;); and
. some patrol vessels a few nths
| 4go.
3 Soon after 8 a. m. an explosicn was
observed at sea, although no ship
{ could be seen in the vicinity of the
disturbance, It seemed probabe that
| a mine had exploded on the surface,
| which pointed to the possibilily of
j an onofl submarine being somewhere
{ near. stening watch was therefore
! carried out by a number of auxiliary
| patrol vessels, under the direction of
a destroyer., A depth charge attack
! was carried out, after which four I‘no
| tor launches were left to listen, while
t the destrc‘riyer and three motor launch
) es proceeded to a position one and a
quarter miles away. Here they ear
ried ou!(,n:nother depth charge attack
and th carried out listeming watch.
A submarine was now heard by the
destroyer, so the commanding oificer
ordered some of his craft to move
away from the sgot. in order to make
the enemy think the hunting craft
had gone off. Seventeen minutes la
ter the submarine broke surface about
100 yards south of the destroyer and
only 200 yards from the nearest motor
launch. ~ Unfortunately, both motor
launches and destroyer were unafvor
ably placed for gunfire, being either
stern on, or fouling each other's
range. The submarine was only via
ible for about twenty second, but the
nearest motor launch manager to fire
two rounds, which, however, just
missed. The submarine went down at
an angle of 50 degrees, and was at
tacked by depth charges, the position
bemf afterward buoyed. A consid
crable quantity of thick brown oil
and air bubbles rose to the surface,
but no wreckage.
Nothing was seen or heard during
the night, so a further attack by
cepth clurge was carried out pext
| morning. il and air bubbles con
tinued to rise, and afterward an elec
tric light bulb covered with oil marked
“Brush Vienna—2oo volts, 8 candle
power, 3 1-2 watt,” was picked up.
Clarkson Asks Great
.
Roosevelt Memorial
WASHINGTON, Jan. 26.-—By direction
of Secretary Baker, Grosvenor B. Clark
son, director of the Council of National
Defense, has requested all State, county
community and municipal councils of de
fense to make successful the nation-wide
arrangements for memorial service for
Theodore Roosevelt ou February 9 Ue
said:
“Hecause of the pecullariy nonpartisan
character of the great council of defense
pysteny,, it is singularly fitting that the
foregoing ecction shoull te taken, "The
honoring f Theodore Hoosevelt Is a mat
ter that trang>nds parly belfef wand per
sonal prejudice. He lived greatly for
America and that is enough to justify
even those who opposed him in mourning
his death.™
. »
President’s Wife Gives
Photograph to Church
(By International News Service.)
LONDON, Jan. 26.-« Mrs. Woodrow Wil
son, wife of the President, has presented
her autographed photograph to Bt. George's
Church Gravesend, where her ancestress,
Pocahontas, lies buried. The presentation
was made through the Dames of Virginia
and the picture wasyhung in the vestry
beneath the likeness n? the Indian Princess,
whose infant son, Thomas, became Gov
ernor of Virginia, and founded some nota
ble Virginia families, including the Mur
rays, Flemings, Gays, Whitties, Robertsons,
Eldridges, Randolphs and ' the Bollings.
Mrs. Wilson signed the picture “Bdith
Bolling Wilson ™
————gg (hPRATSLS & T
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r/x/g_g%k'o;;) Y SUN (PEOP E{ Twn O+ H
. -
Convicted Man
Stays Home for
Over a Year
(By International News Service.)
LEVELAND, Jan. 25.—Bosario
C Spinello for more than a year
has been supposed to be serv
ing a term in the penitentiary for
manslaughter. And all during that
time he has been at his home with
his wife and seven children—either
there or at his work in a factory
here. The authorities merely ne
glected to come and get him. He did
not attempt to evade the serving of
his sentence. But he was not going
to go to the police and insist on it.
He did not even dodge policemen who
knew he had been convicted, he says.
The crime was committed more
than two years ago. For a year the
case was in the courts, Then the
Appellate Court sustained the ver
dict and ordered the sentence exe
cuted. But papers ordering his ar
rest, giving the police official infor
mation of the decision of the Appel
late Court, were stuck in a pigeon
hole somewhere, and it was not until
the middle of January that they
came to light and the police went
to Spinello's home and took him
away to jail.
(By International News Service.)
~ WASHINGTON, Jan, 25.—“The pa
triot who saved those thousands of
pounds of sugar in response to the
call of the food administration must
)zet ready to provide himself with
food by the spadeful,” said Mr.
Charles Lathrop Pack, president of
the National War Garden Commis
sion.
) “A great work was done in food
{saving," continued Mr. Park, “but be
‘tore we can save food we must pro
duce it. The Victory gardener this
year has a greater work cut out for
him than ever before,
“The National War Garden Com
mission is sending out thousands of
posters and garden books to garden
committees throughout the country.
Now is the time to complete organi
zation work and be ready for the
word of the weather man,
L “The United States Railroad Ad
‘'ministration, through its agricultural
‘agents, is now distributing thousands
of these posters. The Christian En
deavor Societies of the country have
been called to the ranks of the sol
diers of the soil in a general letter
just sent out by the Rev. Francis E.
Clark. Posters and garden books
have been sent to the gas companies
and the banks of the country, calling
upon them to enlist in this new war—
the war for food.
“In 1918 a great work was done by
the banks and gas companies. The
banks everywhere consider the home
food producer a good customer. In
many places banks had the land
ploughed and co-operated in othet
ways in getting things planted. Then
they followed this with canning con
tests at which prizes were given for
the Lest work.
‘“There must be no let down at tnis
juncture,” mencluded Mr. Pack. “We
read of the President calling for food
for the people in the stricken areas of
FEurope. A great readjustment pe
riod is now upon us and everything
rossible must he done to produce food
close to the point of consumption.
The world calls for food and that call
must be answered or worse than war
will follow that call.”
‘Herbert H 'G
erbert Hoover’ Gets
.
' '
Away; Causes Panic;
He Is an Alligator
(BTy International News Service.)
ST, LOUIS, Jan. 25.—Herbert Hoov
er is missing.
He slipped away on a street car
here, causing a panic among the pas
sengers and crew, and considerable
consternation to a young woman of
East St. Louis.
For this Hoover is a six-inch bhaby
alligator that arrived here from Flori
da. ?{e was named after food admin
istrator because he won't eat a bite
until March and then only once a
week that is, if someone finds him to
give him the food.
Miss Velma Scott received the tiny
animal as a gift. She took her new
pet with her on the car. Herbert
was in a box, safely closed in, she
thought, so she placed him in a nice
cozy place on the heated side of the
car,
Herbert must have thought he was
back in sunny Flprida, for he wiggled
out of the ‘ox. When Miss Scott
summoned the crew and the passen
gers to help find him, but without
suCcess.
The idea of an alligator having the
freedom of the car didn't appeal to
some of the women passengers. Some
stood on the seats and demanded to
be let off at the next stop.
“y»
Hundreds Mulet “L
-~ . .
Daily With Checks
BOSTON, Jan. 26.—Bar checks, mmur‘
coupons, soda checks, ecanoceled movie |
tickets and other countarfeits for it cot
rallway tickets are being slipped into the
fare boxes of the Boston elevated Gen
eral Manager Emmons {8 authority for
the statement. Two hundred such sub
stitutes were found when one day's re
turns were canvassed.
Other patrons, the general manager
said, are not honorln‘gh!he fare boxes cven
with counterfeits. ey simply make a
vague move toward the box and pass on
into the car. In order to remedy the sit
uation metal tokens for fares are to be
introducel shortly.
One Visit to Gotham
Causes Wedding Record
(Bg()nm News Service.)
LON N, Jan. 26.—One little brief visit
to New York so speeded up Joseph Alfred
Caulfieid that he set himself a matrimo
nial record immediately upon his return to
London. And he's since been slowed up
with a two months unune?.
Caulfield met a xlrl in Hyde Park, pro
posed, was accepted and mmio&the next
day. He took her to a hotel a the fol
lowing day disappeared.
False declaration for the purpose of pro
curing a marriage license was the charge
at Old Ballev ,
ATLANTA, GA., SUNDAY, JANUARY 26, 1919
Oriental Republic to Insist on
Repossession of Port of
'
- Tsing Tau. l
JAPAN ALSO DESIRES IT
|
;
Bay and Lands Around Kiao Chow
Were Leased to Germany
in 1897, |
it
(By International News Serviee.) |
WAjHINGTON. Jan. 25— Repos
session of Kiao Chow and the port of
Tsing Tau will be among the claims
of China-at the peace conference, ac
cording to highly authoritative diplo
matic advices received here.
This is the first intimation of what
the claims of China will be at the
peace table, and discloses that the re
quest may cause a controversy at the
pedce conference, for this territory
and port will also be claimed by
Japan.
Kiao Chow and Tsing Tau were
seized by Japan from Germany soon
after war broke out. In 1897 the Ger
man fleet seized the lands on both
sides of Kiao Chow Bay, of which the
port is Tsing Tau, for reparation of
the alleged murder of two German
missionaries.
It was afterward arranged that the
bay and lands, aggregating about 117
square miles, should be leased to Ger
many for 99 years.
Posession of the Chinese Eastern
R;mroii. the opening of Mongolia and
Thibet to commerce, and “many other
points concerning the integrity and
soverignty of China"” will be sought at
the peace table, according to the ad
whes.
“The attitude of the United States
on such .claims will be one of great
importance,” it is stated, “as Presi
dent Wilson’s popularity in China is
great, He is looked on there as the
greatest man known to history, and
his opinions are considered irrevoca- |
ble.” |
.
Exodus of Mexican
.
Labor Will Follow
.
Revoking of Law
(By International News Service.)
LAREDO, TEXAS, Jan. 25.—The
revoking by the Department of La
bor of the exceptions contract labor
law, instituted several months ago
as a Yar measure to permit the im-,
portation to this country of Mexi
can laborers to work at agricultural,
industrial and railroad building pur
suits, as well as in the mines and
other places where unskilled labor
was needed during the war, will re
sult in stopping the large influx of
Mexican laborers into this country,
now that the positions are to be
given back to the men who laid
aside their civilian work to join the
fighting forces of the United States.
Several tHousand Mexican labor
ers, including men, women and
children, came from Mexico to the
United States to accept employment
under the contract labor measure,
being met at the border by labor
agents of the concerns needing their
. help, or else were sent to various
portions of the country by the
United States employment service,
but now the immigration officials
announce that as soon as practica
ble these laborers will be returned
to Mexico and their places taken by
the men who gave up the positions
to enter the fighting branches of the
country.
The old law of the Immigration
Department making it necessary
that all alien . laborers be able to
read and write and also be required
to pay a head tax before being ad
mitted to this countyr, is again In
effect, and no Mexlican laborers will
be admitted under the war measure
plan. Those excepted will be some
few who were contracted for by
railroads before the contract plan
was revoked, and who are necessary
to carry on railroad construction
work Flunnod.
While a large number of Mexican
laborers have been returning to
Mexico recently to spend the winter
in their warm country, it is pre
dicted that soon there will be thou
sands more who will have been re
~ leased from their work by the re
turn of the soldiers from abroad.
.
Officer Shows His Gun,
.
Also Bottle in Kansas
(By Infernational News Service)
KANR\S CITY, Jan. 26.-" Gotta .gun?"
asked “Yolice Sergeant Pat Lyons, of the
Kansas side force, of E. T. Ware, a spe
cial officer on duty -lurln{vthe car strike.
“Sure, Mike,'" replied are, pulling a
revolver from his pocket,
Sergeant Lyons saw a bottle, apparently
whisky, sticking out of the special offi
cer's pocket
Ware insisted in court that he merely
picked up the bottle on a street car, when
facing o charge of violating the ‘“bone
dry” law of Kansas. The case was con
tinued.
. »
From Private to Major
.
In Five Months 21 Days
1I;{ Internatienal News Service.)
ROCKDALE, MABSS., JAn. 26-—Rising
from the ranks to major in the army in
a period of five months and twenty-one
days woas the remarkable achievement of
J. H. Rogers, of this town. FPrevious to
enlisting in the Coast Artillery Rogers
was trewsurer ofw a knife manufacturing
company here
{
English Writer Warns of Revolu
tion if President’s Terms Are
Not Accepted.
'URGES-LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Fears England Has Already Given
Up Some Principles That
‘ Defeated Germany.
By ARNOLD BENNETT,
One of the Foremost Writers on Pub
| lic Opinion in Great Britain,
LONDQON, Jan. 22.—According to
Great Britain’'s official statements, she
stands for trying the ex-Kaiser, mak
ing Germany pay, clearing all Ger
mans ut of Britain and a better
Britain for all.
Yot will notice that a better Bri
‘tain for all runs last.
| The two main items of the great
and statesmanlike scheme are
‘trying the Kaiser and making Ger
‘many pay the whole cost of the war
iwit.h the expulsion of all Germans as
a good third.
' You ‘will discover, as soon as the
coalition actually gets to work, that
‘the coalition does not in fact stand
for these fine ideals. It is as certain
as anything .can be in international
politics that the Kaiser will not be
tried. He may be punished, and 1
hope he will, but he will not be gen
uinely tried. The leading coalition
ists know as well as anybody, and
they always did know, that he can
not be ;z’enuinely tried.
Further, it is absolutely certain that
‘all Germans will not be expelled from
Britain. Nor half of them, nor a
quarter of them, nor a tenth of them.
And the leading coalitionists know
this, too.
Thirdly, it is absolutely certain that
Germany will not pay the whole cost
of the war, And the leading coali
tionists were always well aware that
there was never any hope of com
pelling her to do so.
Despite the fn.nuu_mc ‘salculations of
our coalitionist financiers, it will take
Germany all her time to pay for the
mere civil damage she has done in
the countries actually invaded by her
and for the ships she has unlawfully
and wantonly sunk,
In international politics what does
our coalition stand for?
Nobody but the high priests of
wire-pulling can positively tell. Nev
ertheless, by a process of reasoning
one may perhaps arrive at some
useful conclusion,
That process of reasoning must be- |
gin by a question: Why has the Pres<
ident of the United States come to
Europe? In doing so he has broken a
rrecedent that has never pefore been
broken in the whole history of his
country. ’ \ |
Moreover, it is crédibly reported‘
that he came to Europe with his jaw
set, full of tremendous determination,
and armed with an ultimatum,
Surel)’ this historic journey and
this stern attitude are very strange,
seeing that only a few months ago‘
the fourteen points of a peace basis
epunciated by him were, with one
doubtful exception, warmly ll(:clo,lmedJ
by the whole world as just and prop
er and desirable and the only firm
foundation for a lasting concord of
nations! ‘
Surely there was no need for him
to leave America in order to insist on
points which everybody was eager to
accept! |
* Why? |
Then why did he come? |
The sole credible answer ta the
question is that, after the overwhelm
ing Allied victory, the Allies were no
ionger so ready as before to accept
his fourteen points of even-handed
justice, and that little by little, under
the influenee of the selfish passions
aroused by conquest, some of the Al
lies have shown signs of an intention
to throw over some of the essentla!
fourieen points, 3
If this is not so, if the President is
not afraid for the safety of his four
teen points, then his visit is mean
ingless, But the President is not a
man addictad to meaningless acts,
The Fourteen Points.
And one may reason further,
One may fairly argue, from Mr,
Wilson's presence in Europe, that not
merely have some of the Allies aban
doned some of the essential fourteen
points, but that Great Britain herseif
fourteen points—those very points
upon the raith of which Germany laid
down her arms,
For, u'{he United States and Great
Britain- stood absolutely shoulder to
ghoulder about the peace terms, there
would be no cause for either the
United States or Great Britain to
worry. The rest of the world would
fall into line and trouble would be
eliminated.
Here 1 reach the last link of my
chain of reasoning, which {8 that,
since the coalition represents Great
Britain, the coalition does not stand
for President Wilson's fourteen
points,
My reasoning may be wrong.
I hope it is; for 1 am convinced
that if the President fails to get all
his main points at the peace confer
ence and retires baffled, revolution
throughout Europe will be the out
cgfi.
e fourteen points are the only
Continued on Page 2, Column 1.
. e !
$38,000,000,000? |
9 yJUV, :g
' UNCLE SAM'S INSURANCE FIGURES: <
TOTAL INSURANCE IN FORCE .............$38,800,000,000 g
Insurance applications ...vs...i.oesd, saees wee 4,000,000 3
Allotment and allowance applications . ......... 4,250,000
INiviGuel SANE BRODIES ... iieanneiorenants 36,000,000 %
Letters received and answered ......v..0000a.d 3,500,000 ¢
Checks pont Gut 0. AAtA ... & comessvessvosnsio 9,000,000 !
Monthly output of checks ..iiecvscssataceses 1,000,000 ¢
Total money disbursed to date ......ccvenenens 3,000,000 §
Insurance benefits awarded to date {
(computed VEINS) . s 6iciiiaovirsnivradonis 180,000,000 ¢
Personnél of buresu ...... ...ceoveus....About 14,000 people §
Number of buildings oceupied by bureau in Washington....ls {
AND, SO FAR AS SOLDIERS’ AND SAILORS’ IN. :
SURANCE COMPENSATION AND ALLOTMENTS ARE {
CONCERNED, THE BUREAU IS JUST A LITTLE ¢
MORE THAN ONE YEAR OLD! §
—_— d
If all the money represented by the Government’s Insur- $
ance were converted into silver dollars, and if these dollars were g
laid end to end they would make a double railroad track entire- |
ly circling the globe. §
If you laid thirty-eight billion dollars end to end they would |
make more than 1,500 bridges from here to France. If the §
bridges were five feet wide you would have more than 70 bridges é
of dollar bills. §
Thirty-eight billion silver dollars piled one upon the other
would make almost 700,000 coluians as high as the Washington
monument.
Thirty-eight billion dollars represents about $45 a minute
since the birth of Christ.
o
Viscount Grey Tells
#*
Why He Thinks World
Needs Peace League
“What I Want to See Is a League of Nations
Formed, Not to Make Rules of War, But One
to Prevent All Future Wars.”
‘By VISCOUNT GREY,
Former British Minister of Foreign Affairs.
The question of a league of nations
is becoming daily more important, not
only for itself, but because it is most
closely bound up with a gquestion
‘which, 1 think, is going to be of the
greatest importance in our foreign af
‘fah's, that of our relations with the
United States of America.
| 1 see no reason whatever why the
‘navnl policies of the United States
'and Great Britain should not only not
come into conflict, but should not be
in close co-operation and conciliation.
This ought to be comparatively easy,
provided the peoples are perfectly
frank on both sides and did not let
misunderstandings grow up as to
what each meant.
We hear from the United States
that there is a great amount of talk
about the freedom of the seas, that
President Wilson attaches great im
portance to it, and that it is antici
pated or feared that it will create dif
ficulties between himself and our Gov
ernment.
Well, I think it is a great pity that
so much has been said about the free
dom of the seas without its being de
fined. It is quite true that there is a
considerable prejudice against the
phrase in this country, greatly due, 1
think, to the fact that it is believed
to be a German phrase.
Now, it is not a German phrase.
It is an American phrase. \
It was made in the United States,
and the Germans adopted it, and used
it Yor their own purposes, in a sense
and with an intention to which we
never could have agreed. Therefore,
it has never become very popular. |
Awaiting a Definition. |
What we have to consider is what
the United States means, what Pres
ident Wilson means, by the phrase
“freedom of the seas’” Until he de
fines it, until he comes to discuss it
with our Government, there is no need
to anticipate that there will be diffi
culty about agreement.
What does it mean?
Does it mean freedom of the seas In
time of peace?
If so, we agree.
Wherever the British navy has been
in a position to exercise influence and
power on the seas in time of peace
there it has exercised that influence
impartially, for the freedom of the
nlmu for all nations, without distine<
tion,
Distinction in the U. 8.
I think that even in the United
States they have some rule that for
eign ships are not allowed to carry
goods between United States ports
and the Philippines. Some other
countries have had a rule of the same
kind.
Well, we have never had a rule like
that.
We have been more completely for
the freedom of the seas in time of
peace than any other nation, and,
however strong our navy has been, we
have never varied in recent times on
that point, and we have used our sea
power, however great it has been, for
impartial freedom of the seas, for
every other nation, just much as our
gelves, in times of peace.
1 think we ought to receive a little
more recognition than we do receive
for the fact that we have never used
British naval power in time of peace
to make use of the seas for ourselves,
without making it at the same time
more easy for others on the same
terms.
U. 8. and Blockade of Germany,
If the question is one of freedom of
the seas, not in time of peace, but in
war, then I would say this:
The United States in this war has
taken, as we all know-—-as we all most
(Copyright, 1913, by the
Oeoglnn Company.) .
‘fl:tomlly recognize—a part in the
t two years of the war without
which we could not have had the suc
cess which the Allies have now won. |
You can not emphasize that too
much or express too much apprecia
tion of it. ‘
Since the United States entered the
war the United States has not only
acquiesced in, but, as I believe, has
most strongly co-operated in carrying
out the blockade of Germany.
In the early stages of the war It
was not so.
Our blockade could not have been
nearly so complete, because the
United States raised many questions
about it. But in the later years ot‘
the war the blockade was made com-1
plete with the co-operation of the
United States, and without that
blockade success in the war could
not have been won. Indeed, without
that blockade Germany might have
‘won. the war,
Case of a Future War.
Now, supposing you had this situa
tion over again. Supposing you had
again to fight a war like this against
a Germany which had beéhaved in the
same way.
It is impossible to suppose that the
United States is going to say that
there is to be no blockade,
It is impossible that the United
States should now take up the line
that if you had to deal with Ger
many over again the blockade, which
was an essential of success, should
not be allowed. Why, that would
stultify everything that they have
done in this war. I think it is ab
solutely impossible. I think it really
an insult to suggest that the United
States would in future advocate any
courge in a war such as is inconsist
ent with the line they have taken in
this war, and that is one of complete
blockade of the offending nation.
“Freedom of the Seas.”
If that be soo, do not we come to
this, that probably what is in Presi
dent Wilson's mind is that freedom of
the seas should be secured to any na
tion which observes the covenant of a
league of nations and should be de
nied to any nation which breaks that
covenant of a league of nations?
If that be so, then a league of na
tions 1s the solution of“the whole
question, ’
But what I want to see is a league
of nations formed, not to make rules
of war, but to prevent all war;
formed to insist that when disputes
arise between two countries those
disputes should be settled by some
means other than that of war.
If one nation is willing to settle
these disputes other than by /war, as
it would, be bound to do by covenant
with the league of nations, and an
other refuses, then the whole league
sides with the nation which is willing
to settle against the one which is not.
T do not see why Britain should not
accept the formula that if a league of
nations is formed there is complete
freedom of the seas so long as the
covenants of the league are observed,
but if the covenant of the league is
broken then there is no freedom of
the seas, and every means is used
against the power which has broken
the covenant.
In conclusion, the struggle out of
which we have just emerged has
shown that all attempts to make war
humane Is futile, and terrible as this
conflict has been, the horrors are
nothing comparable to what they
would be if another conflict oceurred
twenty years hence,
There ought to be an inquiry as to
those responsible for deliberate cruel
ties, and such punishment inflicted as
would bé for all future generations as
warning.
EXTRA
PRICE SEVEN CENTS,
| I I Y
& 1
Assistant Secretary Thomas Be
Love Tells How Government
"pe '
~ Underwrote 38 Billions of Risk
Men Can Continue Cheap Invest«
~ ment—More Than Four Millio
‘. . »
~in Grand Total of Beneficiaries.
i
i ——————
By HON. THOMAS B. LOVE,
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury,
| Uncle Sam is operating the great«
est insurance organization in tha
world—and he is in the insurance
‘business to stay!
America's entry into the war made
it necessarywfor the Government tow
perfect some organization which gave
protection to parents, or the wivea
or. children of the men who went
away to fight. And so it inaugurated
its Government insurance business,
whk'\, from a modest beginning, has
grown, in a trifle more than a year,
to the greatest business in the world,
Since October, 1917, the Government
of the United States has written $38,-
000,000,000 worth of insuramce—a to
tal not only greater than that of any
insurance organization in the world,
but greater than the combined writ
ing of all the insurance concerns i
the Unit:d States.
And the end of the' war has not
ended Uncle Sam as an insurance
man. e Is in the insurance businesg
for the soldiers and eailors of Amer
ica to stay. The insurance that was
issued to his 4,000,000 warriors will be
continued permanently—if the men so
wish, Every man who was in the
army or navy service of this country
during the war will be privileged to
carry along the insurance at rates far
under those which he could seecure
from any ordinary insurance com
pany. It is one of the ways in which
Uncle Sam is rewarding his boys who
showed their willingness to lay down
their lives for him. ! :
Started With Five,
The story of war risk insurance,
which reads like a romance, begins in
the dark recesses of a Government
building and ends by reaching out to
4,000,000 homes.
In September, 1914, five persons—a,
bureau chief, his assistant, two clerks
and a negro messenger—occupying an
obscure basement room in the Treas -
ury Building in Washington, consti
tuted the entire personnel of the hu
reau of war risk insurance. Thein
work at that time consisted of writing
Government insurance on the hulls
and the cargoes of America’s insignifi .
cant merchant marine. y
Early in 1917, when the United
States entered the war, the force had
grown to 35 persons, because the
United States Government had se
cured additions to its merchant ma -
rine fleet through the seizure of Ger
man and Austrian vessels,
Pension or Insurance?
As the men of this nation took np
arms to fight for the freedom of the
world, the Government realized that
something must be done immediately
to reassure and sustain their loved
ones. Justice required it, gratitude
impelled it, morale demanded it.
The pension system had been tried
in other wars. Tt was an antiquated
method at its best. Something had
to be done to hearten the men who
were going away to fight. They had
no hesitancy and no fear for them -
selves. They were willing to lay down
their lives for their country. But the
thought of their passing and leaving
their loved ones unprotected was a
thought which somewhat undermined
their morale,
And then came the idea. Govern -
ment insurance for every man in the
army and navy who wanted it; insur.
ance in generous amount and at a
premium rate that was within reach
of every man who entered the serv
ive,
New, Novel Experiment.
On Octgber 6, 1917, President Wii
son annexed his sgnature to a pro
sale looking document in the presi
dential room of the Capitol—and the
Government insurance idea had be
come a reality—an idea had'. been
developed into an' actuality—and the
great adventure was begun,
Would the plan be a success?
No other country in the world
ever attempted to underwrite the
lives of its warriors. America's ex
periment was a new apd novel oné.
As the project was launched there
was considerable speculation as te
whether or not it would prove suc-—
cessful,
But even before the first week had
ended it had become a phenomenal
success, In the first seven days the
Government wrote more Insurance
than some private companies had
written in generations. In a month
the total went far beyond the bilMen
mark-—and the flgures necreased h‘
leaps and bounds with every m
hour, %
The “Red Letter Day.” y
The “red letter day” as regerds
writing of policies was on February
14, 1918, when $501,000,000 worth of
Government insurance was takel ouf
~a total greater than any priwate
life insurance company has weritten,
in a single year, s
Government nsurance for #ts war -
Continved-on Page 3, Column 1.