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6D
British Writer Excuses Acts of the German
.
Army as Necessary Because It Was an In
vading Army in a Fiercely Hostile Country.
( William Archer i a leading dramatic eritic of Britain. Recently he
Rimaeelf tricd his hand on a play, calling it “War Is War, or the Germans in
Belgium, A Drama of 1914 George Bernard Shaw, who had reason to feel
the cruci sallies of the famons oridic, now eriticizes hia play.)
By GEORGE BERNARD SHAW.
Mr. Archer, as doyen of our eritics
of the British theater, must many
times during the last 40 vears have
provoked British playwrights to ery
«Oh, that mine enemy would write a
play ™
But now that he has done it, they
flnwmmnmemofnm.
faction they craved, for it s a good
piay, achteved not by any of the
methods which Mr. Archer has rec
ommended to playwrights, but by the
only method that ever has produced a
good play; that is, having a story to
tell; feeling strongly that it ought to
be told, and using the device of the
atrical representation to tell it ef
fectively.
The astonishing part of the busi
mess s that Mr, Archer has never
written a play before (for certain wild
oats that he sowed in that direction
in his nonage do not count). He
must be an amazingly insensitive
man: for though he has, as this at
tempt shows, plenty of faculty for
playwriting, tt has taken a European
catastrophe to knock a play out of
-
A BRITISH REVELATION.
He is like a gun with a trigger 80
gtiff that it takes several armies 1o
pull it, milllons of them losing their
Hives in the effort. For there is noth
fng that has not been going on all his
life. The materials were ready to his
hand when he was 16. For instance,
he puts into the moath of a German
the picturesque expression invented
by our own soldiers to describe that
burning of households which is part
of the routine of our Indian punitive
expeditions. .
When his German surgeon Says,
«he red cock is crowing over your
house.” meaning that it is being burnt
by order, we know (or ought to) that
the surgeon has been in England, and
has heard British soldiers tell of their
work in India and South Africa.
One asks whether Mr. Archer’s
gorge has been rising slowly for 40
years until it has at last overflowed
ifito dramatic expression, or whether
he simply felt ng(htn: at all until the
horror attained such a magnitude and
struck so clorely home that at last he
felt all at once what It meant, and
struck back at it
THE VALUE OF EVIDENCE.
To those of us who have been strik
ing at it ‘lh our lives Mr. Archer's
appendix, cofitaining his pieces justi
ficatives, is pathetically inadequate.
Most of it has no documentary value
whatever.
The révelance of six pages of ficti
tious incidents from a German novel
t« harily established by the not very
convipeing remark that the works of
the author were “said to have been
the favorite family reading of the
Kaiser."
1 have ascertained on really credible
evidence that the Kaiser liked to have
the sermons of Bishop Boyd Carpen
ter read to him after dinner; but I
wonder what Mr. Archer would say to
me if 1 dismissed his play as a libel
on so pious a monarch. I see nothing
in these citations except occasion for
a slight surprise that Mr. Archer
shotld have thought them worth mak.
ing. It is when I come to the solid
facts cited that my surprise is no
longer slight.
1 rub my eyes and ask whether this
is Uncle Toby and Corporal Trim in-
A@uigently recalling the pecadilloes of
our armies in Flanders, or an indig
nant Briton exposing the atrocities
of his enemies in Belgium.
Fancy these fiends of Germany,
eries Mr. Archer, actually breaking
into cellars, drinking up the wine,
and then taking away all the goods
they could lay their hands on! 1 can
fancy it very well Ask any provo
marshal in the British, French, Tta-
Jtan, American or any other army
whether he finds any difficulty m fan
cying that and a good deal more
about his own flock, and you will get
nothing out of him but a shrug of
pity for Mr. Archer's amazing, but
not unamible innocence.
THE INVADING ARMY,
War is war, as Mr. Archer says;
but he can not know the value of his
own definition unless he knows what
war i=. |am not going to attempt 'o|
tell him here what it is. 1 will only
say that if any nation exists that can
claim that its military history is any
better than the history of the German
army as presented by Mr. Archer in
his play and appendix, it may also
olsim to be the m't:u civilized nation
at t on eart
mu\ fs, Mr. Archer's title is
more effective than exact. He should
have called his play simply “Inva
sion." In a war like the recent one,
which resolved ftself into a starva
tion match, it may seem grotesque for
the side that won to bandy atrocities
with the side that Jost,
AMONG THEIR ENEMIES.
Nobody has ever raised the queés
tion whether in the Massacre of the
Innocents, Herod's soldiers were in
structed to tread on the mothers' toes
or not, and the exploit in which we
have just out-Heroded Herod leaves
those who are capable of grasping ltul
infernal magnitude no emotion to
spare for the small change ‘of mere
blackguardism and disorder, I
But if it is worth insisting on the
fact that the German army behaved
worse than its adversaries on the
west front, it should be pointed out
that it did so, not because it was &
German army, but because it was an
invading army.
It is ensy to be good.-natured in the
midet of a friendly population; In
deed, of an enthusiastically admiring
ahd grateful population, with both
luw and overflowing good-will to pro
tect and help you.
But suppose you are outlawed ia
the midst of a population which mor.
tally hates you, and regards killing
g:'n at sight as an act of patriotism
the civilan and a duty for the
soldier! That is the position of an
invading army, and for it there Is
m protection, the protection of
intimidation.
THE BRITISH IN INDIA,
Yo advance patrols dare not draw
water from the village well without
the women of the village to
come with them to protect them from
sniping.
When the bigger battalions arrive
they have to convince the inhabitants
that any attempt on the lives of one
of the invaders will be punished by
the laying waste of 10 miles of terri
tory, and as you can ouly produce
such conviction by doing it, the red
cock is soon crowing.
That is why the Germans behaved
like devils in Belgium, where the Brit.-
ish and French behaved like angels in
comparigson. But war is war, and you
have only to go back to the cases in
which the British and French were
the invaders to find just the same
deviltry.
Ask the hillmen of India and the
Afghans. If you doubt guch gutland.
ish testimony, ask General Smuts and
General Botha. Or, better still (as
they will probably tell you), let by
gones be bygones
Mr. Aarcher’s play is a vivid and not
at all overdone picture of what may
‘l-nmwn, and did happen In Belgium
often, in any invaded town. It is, In
If;u-t, underdone; for the worst of the
| truth s unbearable .
“FRIGHTFULNESS INEVITABLE."
It needs only one touch to make #he
Isp«‘lamr feel, as he should be made
I(u feel, that, war being war, Schreck-
Illc-hlu it is inevitable, and, in its
frightful way, r(-,mqonuh\a
The play, as it stands, leaves the
impression that the franc tireur is a
myth. That is a mistake, No doubt
there ls seldom more than one franc
tireur for every thousand the invaders
imagine. |
Mr. Archer does not exaggerate the
jumpiness; 1 was myself, in 1914,
within an ace of being shot as a
German invaded by a jumpy coast
‘guard at a time when the appearance
of a German soldier within several
hundred miles was much less prob
able than the appearance of a polar
bear, |
Several less fortunate persons were
Iklllod at that time. But the franc
tireur is reality for all that. Mr.
lAr(-her remembers a remarkable play
written by an officer (a brother of
Mr. Du Maurier), which ended with
a German invasion of England, and a
typical patriotic proprietor blazing
away from his drawing room window
at the Kaiser's legions in a blind fury
of revenge and hostility, utterly in
capable of understanding the conse
quence of his reckless pugnacity,
HE EXISTS EVERYWHERE.
That sort of man exists every
where. You wil say he is a stupid
man; but when there was some fear
of a German raid here at the begin
lnlnl of the war a reckless injunction
to all Britons whatsoever to hang at
sight all Germans in uniform whom
they might meet under any circum
stances was published, not by the
stupidest man in England, but by the
cleverest.
If before the war was seriously be
gun one excited Frenchman Kkilled
Jaures, and, after it was over, another
tried to kill Clemenceau, what is the
worth of the ;‘e& put forward (very
naturally) by the unfortunate hos
tages in Mr. Archer's play, that no
Belgian would be so Imprudent as to
raise his hand, save in the way of
kindness, to a German invader?
ATROCITIES.
Mr. Archer gives us plenty, but not
too much, of the legends current
among the Germans of gouged-out
eyes and crucifixions, perhaps the
most mischievous kind of fictions, We
who remember how common and per
sistent those two legends were among
us, and how we had to comfort the
wives of our men at the front by as
suring them that the stories about
German pouches full of British eyes
were silly and heartless inventlons,
:vm not question the truth of the pic
ure. \
Also there Is a moral to be drawn
o
§ !
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HEARST'S SUNDAY AMERICAN — A Newspaper for People Who Thirk — SUNDAY, JUNE 15 191
F isJoSeph
rancisJoSeph
I 0 ill
n Bronze Will
Melt for Food
IENNA, June 14 —The mag-
V nificent statue of Kmper
or Franciys Joseph in Wie
ner-Neustadt is to be melted and
the money which the molten
bronze will bring is to be used to
buy food for Vienna's poor,
The City Council, in making
thig decision, further resolved to
change the names of Aall streets
and squares named after mem-
Lers of the House of Hapsburg
or former leaders of the late
Austro-Hungarian army
from his sketch of German indiseipline
At a time when our own militarists
thought no more of sentencing a Brit
ish soldier to a thousand lashes than
of caning a ufhoolhoy. the Duke of
IWf-lllngmn complained that it was
impossible to get an order obeyed in
the British army except in a couple of
crack regiments, and not even then
after 8 o'clock at night, because the
noncommissioned officers were all
drunk by then.
BLOWS OUT HIS BRAINS.
The moral of the futility of Zabern
discipline seems to be the same,
though | have always been withheld
by my recollection of a certain “on
the knee' incident in our own army
from laying too much stress on Zab
ern.
For Mr. Archer's final tribute to
German chivalry by making his Ger
man hero blow out his brains sooner
than obey a terrorist order there is,
I am afraid, no authority whatever,
The order was diabolical; but it was
militarily reasowmable, militarily logi
cal, militarily necessary as part of the
general proposition that war is war.
A more tragic conclusion would have
been the admission by the officer that
this was so, and his scrupulous obe
dience to the order.
TOM AND JERRY ALIKE.
And now will somebody write a
play describing all the Kkindly and
chivalrous things done by Germans
during the war? For the credit of
our just now heavily discredited hu
man nature, let me say that in my
own experience the first-hand evi
dence, carefully as it has been kept
out of the papers, all goes to show
that the natural human German is
not a bit like the paper one, and that
Jerry and Tommy are as like one an
other as fnight be expected from the
fact that they both come from the
same shop.
So far it has been left to John
Drinkwater, with his Lincoln play, to
maintain the noblest prerogatives of
the drama single-handed by holding
it above the partialities and rancors
of war; and the fact that his play is
bringing crowds daily to a suburban
theater shows that the water of life
is more potent still than the bile of the
civillan who sits at home (or say«at
Maidenhead to escape the raids) and
hates. But Lincoln’'s war happened
more than half a century ago. Now
that Mr., Archer has at last got his
hand in as a playwright, why should
he not give Wilson a turn?
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