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‘lreland’s Crisis Is An American As Well As a British Crisis,” Creel Says
-
rn y y T y ¢ y
[he People of Erin Are United as Never Before
y y y ‘IB Ty v
Before and Would Vote as a Unit for Their In
dependence of Kngland.
George Creel was during the entive period of the war chairman of the
ommitteec on public information of the United States Goror nut, the com
miltce beinyg
George ('recl hatrman
Robert Lansing, Necrvetary of State,
Newwton 1. Raker, Reoretary of War
Josephus Daniels, Recertary of the Navy
Sénce the peace confernee in Parig Mr, Creel, his work as chief official
censor of the United Stales Government being ended visited Ireland, sou
all the leaders, studied conditions there, and gives the results in this srrics
of letters, written for The American, the first newspaper articlés written
by Mr. Creel gincs the war began
By GEORGE CREEL,
Former Chairman of the Committee on Public Information of the United
States Go vernment. |
The world is asked to consider
Ireland merely as “England’s do
mestié problem.” Certain circum
stances, unyielding as iron, preclude
the aceeptance of any such view.
Not even by the utmost streteh of
amiable intent can a question that
strikes at the very heart of in
ternational agreement be set down
and written off as “domestic.” That
magic fnrm\gn. “self -determina -
tion,” has mirched armies and
tumbled empires these last few
years, plaving too large a part in
world consciousness to be limited
by any arbitrary diserimination in
the hour of victory and adjustment,
Bven as Poles, Czechs, Jugo-
Slavs, Ukranians, Finng and scores
of other submerged nationalities are
struggling to the upper air of in
dependence so does Ireland appeal
to the solemn -~ovenant of the Al
lea, with its championship of the
“rights of small peoples” and Its
sonorous assent to “the relgn of
law, based upon the consent of the,
governed.”
IRISH PEOPLE UNITED.
As never before the Irish are
united, With the exception of pro
testing maljorities in four Ulster
counties, Ireland voted ar a unit in
1918 for a republican form of gov
ernment. The 7% representatives
elected by the SBinn Fein refused to
take their seats at Westminster and
have assembeld as an Irish Parlia
ment, of sorts, in Dublin,
The thousands of British soldiers
in Ireland virtually constitute an
army of occupation, ¢
In America the race has put aside
the factional bitternesas of the past,
and stands solidly and squarely in
n:mport of Ireland’s demand for jus
tice.
It is this that gives the Irish ques
tion an American aspect, In the
United States there are over 15,000,
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: Candler Bullding ATLANTA
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» 000 people of Irish birth or descent,
woven into the warp and woof of
our national life by common aspira
tlons and devotlons. They stand
implacably today between this
country anG England, crying out
against any alliance, agreement or
even amity until the case of Ireland
has been falrly considered and just
ly settled.
Such a mass, instinet with intel«
ligent emotionalism, can not be ig
nored either id honor, decency or
plain common sense. This is a de
moeracy in which the treaty-mak
ing powers of government are un
der the ultimate control of the elec
torate,
Make no doubt that the Irish vote
will be a block vote against Eng
land and all things Rnnfiuh as long
as the Irish question is allowed to
persist. It must be remembered also
that for 40 years the cause of Ire
land has been pleaded unceasingly
in the United States by a host of
brilliant and persuasive personalis
ties, with the result that a great
body of liberal sentiment Is firm in
the belief that I#ish wrongs are
real and call for redress.
IRISH-AMERICAYY SPIRIT.
Nor may it be forgotten that the
history of the United States, written
in a spirit of bumptious national
ism, has not been calculated to
make for Anglo-American under
stunding. The comradeship of a
great adventure In humanity mere
ly anesthetlzed this feeling, and any
definite anti-English campaign will
stir it to ugly life.
These forces, assembled and as
~ sembleable, given unchanged condi
‘ tions, will have power to direct and
| shape the foreign policies of the
United States.
-+ What, then, is to be the attitude
‘ of those Americans who are not of
Irish blood and who have no con
HEARST'S SUMDAY AMERICAN — A Newspaper for Feople Who Think — SUNDAY, JUNE 10, 1919.
cern with the Irish question save
as it bears upon the destinies of the
United States?
1t is idle to adopt a tone of heavy
reproof and talk of “America first.”
America has always been first with
the Irish-American, for while love
of Erin is an unchanging passion,
his allegiance, once given, I 8 never
divided by a hyphen.
Men cf Ireland gave heart and
strengh to Washington; they died
by thousands that the ['nlon might
endure, and of the army raised In
the United States to war against
(German absolutiem, fully 15 per cent
were of Irish birth or Irish de
secent. .
It is with this record of love end
loyalty behind them that the Irish
ecall upon America to lend hope, it
not ald, to their unhappy mothers
land. It is a call to which some
sort of angwer must be given.
OTHERS FACE PROBLEMS.
Other nations, as well as this, are
econfronted with the same problem,
for there is not a civilized country
in the world in which the Irish ex
{les have not played important parts,
enriching and encouraging the na
tive stock and lending their ardors
and abllities to every national task,
whether war, statecraft or admin
fstration, commeree, industry or lit
erature,
Not the least or many bitter
neeses of the Irish is that the Kng
lish rule forces them to rise 1o
greatness in other lands, writing in
every language in every history a
record of capacity which if ex
pressed in their native country,
would have lifted Ireland (o a high
place among the nations, ,
Maecauley, commenting in melan
choly upon the cruel laws and re
pressive bigotiies that forced Irigh
men into exile, said:
“There were indeed Irish Roman
Catholies of great ability, energy
and ambition, but they were to be
found everywhere except in Ireland
——at Versailles and at St lldefonso,
in the armies of Frederick and in
the armies of Marie Aheresa One
exile beeame a marshal of France,
Another became Prime Minister of
Spain. If he had stayed in his
native land, he would have been re
garded as an inferior by all the ig
norant and worthless squireens who
had signed the Declaration against
Transsubstantiation,
“In his palace at Madrid he had
the pleasure of being assiduously
courted by the ambassador of
George the Second and of bidding
deflance in high terms to the am
bassador of (George the Third. Scat
tered over all Furope were to be
found brave generals, dexterous
Irish dipimatists, Irish counts,
Irish barons, Irish knights of Saint
Lewls and of Saint Leopold, of the
White Fagle and of the Golden
Fleece, who, if they had remained
in the house of bondage, could not
have been ensigns of marching reg
imentg or freemen of petty corpo
rations.”
FRANCE INDEBTED TO IRISH.
France, in particular, still rests
under a heavy burden of gratitude
to the Irish, In 1641, in 1680 and in
1798 the Frenclh promised aid to
Ireland, but gave so slowly and so
little that it was more of a hurt
than a help.
Yet out of the friendships engen
dered by this sympathy, thousands
of Irishmen entered French service
to fight the battles of Irance. In
the 50 years thate followed the
broken treaty of Limerick, fully
450,000 Irish died fighting under
French banners, and countless oth
ers vitallzed French industry and
enriched the I'rench professions,
Patrick Sarsfield won the baton
of field marshal at the head of the
famous Irish Brigade, and publicly
received the thanks of a grateful
fioome in an hour of victory; Ma
ony and (laels carried the lilies of
France to triumph in Italy, and on
the field of Fontenoy, England's
most overwhelming defeat since
Hastings, Irish fighting men played
80 important a part that the Eng
lish King cried out in hig angulsh,
“Cursed be the laws that deprive
me of such subjects.”
MaoMahon was made Duke of
Magenta, like Sarsfield he was made
a fleld marshal, and later the free
votes of the French people raised
this exiled Gael to be President of
the republie,
In Spdin, Wall was a Prime Min
ister, as Macaulay noted;, the
O'Donnells were Dukes of Tetaun,
an O'Rellly was Governor of Cadiz,
and three times during the eigh
teenth century there was witnessed
the amazing spectacle of Irishmen
gerving as Spanish ambassadors at
the Court of St. James, .
In Portugal the O'Neills were
counts of Santa Monlca &nd tutors
to the young princes, and men of
the proud houses of O'Daly, O’Don
nell, Kelly, Fitzgerald and O'Far
rell rose to be dukes, barons, min
isters, judges, generals and admi
rals,
The great Leinster house of Kav
anagh supplied Europe with a Gov
ernor of Prague, a fleld marshal in
Vienna, a chamberlain of Saxony,
a fileld marghal in Poland and a
minister of Portugal. The O'Don
nells and O'Briens, changed to
Odontscheffs and l)br'utst'h.il, rose
to greatness in Russia, and one was
governor general of Livonia; Count
Taafe wielded autocratic power in
Austria, an O'Dwyer was command -
er at Delgrade, a Lawless Governor
of Majorea, a [acy ruled Ria and a
lally reigned in Pondicherry.
SERVICE OF EMPIRE.
The British Empire liself hag not
scrupled to take the abpmu of Irish
for use in other countfieg than Ire
land, or to wear laurels won by
Irish genius, " Al
The great Duke of Wellington
was an Irishman, and even while
England was danyMT".he capacity
of the Guels to rule themselves,
four Irishmen—Richard Wellesley,
Franclg Hastings, Rghard Bourke
and Frederick Blackwood—were
sént as governor generals to hold
sway over all India, .
Guy Carleton, the /!reatent gov
ernor general that Canada ever
knew, was an irishman; likewise
Lord Dufferin, Jonathan BSwift, that
savage satirist; lLawrence Sterne,
¥idmund Burke, Richard Brinsley
Sheridan and Goldsmiith were all
Irish, and Goldsmith's “Deserted
Village” was no mere poetie vislon
but a faithful picture of an Irish
village depopulated by English law.
It is the United States, however,
that has sustained the most inti
mate relations with Ireland, just as
it hag received the most and the
best from the love and loyalty of
the Irish.
From the very earliest days thers
was kinship between Ireland and
the American colonies, for the same
kings were oppressing both coun
tries, the same cruel lawg bore
heavily n(ron both,
Benjamin Franklin, while in Eng
land on his futile errand of ap
peal to English justice, gave much
time and thought to pointing out
the sameness of Irish and Ameri
can wrongs and aspirations, and
one of the first acty of the Conli
nental Congress was to frame a
formal address to the peo;le of Ire
land in which these significant par
agraphs appeared:
BRITISH GOVERNMENT CRUEL,
“We atre desirous (as is natural
to injured innocence) of possessing
the ?\ood opinion of the virtuous
and humane, * * ‘¢ We know
that you are mnot without your
grievances. We sympathize with
vou in your distress, anhd are
pleased to find that the design of
subjugating us has per'x:ded the
administration to dispe : to Ire
land some wvagrant rays of minis
terial sunshine. 4
“Kven the tonder_?rclefl of ‘the
British' Government Have long been
cruel toward you, l_}: the rich pas
tures of Ireland meny hungry par
agites have fed and grown strong
to labor for itg destruction. We
hope the patient abiding of the
meek imay not always be forgotten,
and (’lod grant that the ingaitous
schemes of extirpating liberty may
gsoon be defeated. * * * For the
achievement of this hnpgy event we
confide in the good offices of our
sympathizers beyond the Atlantic.
Of their friendly dispositions we do
not yet despair, aware ag they must
be, that they have nothing moré to
expect from the same common ene
my than the humble favor of being
last devoured.”
In every one of the thirteen colo
nies were thousands of men and
women of Trish birth sr descent,
exiled from thelr mother ‘land by
the oppressions of English rule, and
it was largely their bitter hatred,
ag well as their passion for free
dom, that gave purpose and cour
age to the American complaint
against British tyranny.
SIGNED DECLARATION.
These Trishmen signed the Decla
ration of lnderondem-ew(?arroll. of
Carroliton, Smith, Taylor, Thornton,
Lynch, McKean, Read, Rutledge,
Hancock, Whipple-——and into the
armies of Washington poured thou
sands of fighting men of pure Irish
blood,
Edmund Burke, raising the ques
tion of the nationality of the Amer
fcan troops before an English Par-
Hamentary Commission appointed to
investigate the failures of British
generals, quoted the declaration of
General Lee that “half the Rebel
Continental Army were from Ire
land.”
Lord Mountjoy also gave this
testimony in 1784: “America was
lost by Irish emigrants,. I am as
sured, from the best’ authority, the
major part of the American army
was composed of Irish, and that
the Irish language was as common
ly spoken in the American ranks as
Enghsh, | am also informed it was
the'r valor that determined the con
test, so that England had America
detoched from her by force of lrish
emigrants.”
Four months before Concord, a
New Hampshire Irishman, John
Sullivan, afterward one of Wash
ington's most famous generals, woh
the first great succegs of the Amer
lean Revolution by his capture of
Fort Willlam and Mary. O'Brien,
anuvther Irish exile, struck the first
blow at British sea Wwvr in 1775,
and John Barry, a Wexford man,
was virtually the founder of the
American navy,
PRAISED BY GENERAL.
Among the generals upon whom
Washington most depended, Rich
ard Montgomery, Walter Stewart,
Willilam TPhompson, Stephen Moy
lan, Willilam Irving and Richard
Butler, were Irish exiles, while
among the generals of frish par
entage were Edward Hand, Wash-
Ington's adjutant general; John
Stark, Brown, Marion, George
Clinton, afterward the first Governs
or of New York, and Knox, after
ward Secretary of the War and
Navy.
The Irish not only gave their
blood to American freedom, but
their money as well,. When the
Bank of Pennsylvania was organ
ized to supply funds for the support
of the American army, one-third of
the subscribers, representing more
than one«third the cuapital, were
members of the riendly Sons of
St, Patrlek, and this organization
later contributed outright the sum
of $517.500 of a total of $1,500,000,
Washington praised this society
ar “distinguished for the firm ad
heronce of its members to the glo
rious causge in which we are in
volved,” and accepted membershin
in It as offered by a unanimous
vote,
Arieh «lAB wae nat sanfiaed te these
gpores alone, however, for Count
Arthur Dillon sailed with 2,800 Irish
trocps from France to fight for
America in the West Indies. It was
this force's capture of British bages
that relleved were men of Irish
birth or parentage, and it is estl
mated that not less than 170,000
Irishmen fought under Lincoln for
the preservation of the Unlon.
General Thomas Francis Meagher,
an Irish rebel, deported for life by
the English Government and es
caped from Van Dieman’s Land to
the United States, was among the
first to offer his sword, and this
testimony, from a Britsh observer,
might well serve as a general de
seription of Irish conduct through
out the struggle:
“To the Irish division commanded
hy General Men%mr was principally
committed the desperate task of
bursting out of the town of Fred
ericksburg, and forming under the
withering fire of the Ccnfederate
batteries, to attack Marye's Heights,
lowering immediately in their front.
“Never at Fontenoy, at Albuera
or at Waterloo was more undoubted
courage displayed by the sons of
Erin than during those six frantic
dashes which they directed against
the almost impregnable position of
their foe., The bodies, which lie in
dense masses within 40 yards of the
muzzles ‘of Coilonel Walton's guns,
are the best evidence of what man
ner of men they were who pressed
on to death with the dauntlessness
of a race which has gained glory
on a thousand battlefields.”
When the United States, driven
to war by the outrages and ill-faith
of the Imperial German Govern
ment called for men to support the
fdeals of demoéracy, the most in
stant and enthusiastic response was
from the so-called Irish-Americans.
Hatred of England, handed down
from generation to generation
through seven centuries, was put
aside ouf of devotion to the country
of their adoption, and the records of
the War Office are thick with Irish
names and instances of Irish valor,
WAIVED EXEMPTIONS.
Prior to the addption of the
treaty arrangements, such unnatu
ralized residents of the United
States as were citizens of a co
belligerent country had the right to
clatm exemption when drafted. The
report of the provost marshal shows
that this class waived exemption in
the following percentages:
IRNANIME . viisinrerrinsiie DS
MOIPINNE iitovesnidinneanh DGR
Beotlapd (seivciieisisiiar 343
T SRR O T ) v
WU S i iie i ooorevisasdis 200
PP s atibioeiinbinivas BNT
CRBRDEE . vicosooo vicassividll
TR .iciicionivervnri 208
BER L s vadetia o RS
Just as they have fought side iy
side with pure native stock in every
. American war for the preseryvation
of democracy and the triumph of
democratic ideals, so have the Irish
played heroic parts in the victories
of peace,
In the advancement of the fron
tier, the harnessing of streams, the
battle with mountain and plain, the
conquest of desert an& waste, men
of Irish blood have left records of
achievement that &eserve our grat
itude and faith,
It is to' furnish the facts upon
which an honest and inteiligent an
swer may be basggl that this series
of articles has been written.
(This is the first of a series of
articles on thé Irish gquestion by Mr.
Creel. The second will appear in
an early number of The Sunday
American.) 5
Chief Saves a Negro
From Conger’'s Wrath
Chief Beavers turned patrolman
Saturday night and stepped ,nto the
middle of a running fight just in time
to save Jim Jackson, negro, of No.
85 Terry street, who was scrambling
wildly to escape a second . blow from
a section of iron pipe wielded by Roy
1. Conger, 25, the son of Councilman
Tandy Conger,
Nearing the Conger grocery®at No,
19 Bailey street, the chief stopped his
automobile near a crowd and leaped
out. The negro was rushing past,
sternly pursued by the younger Con
ger. Joining in the chase, he stopped
the hostilities just as Conger caught
the negro Fire Station No. 5, near
the Peters street viaduct.
He arrested both and took them to
police headquarters. Jackson was sent
to Grady Hospital with a deep gash
in his scalp, and Conger was given
a summons and released. He declared
the negro had come itno the store
drunk and had begun an argument
finally striking him.
£1.60—-PBuay Them by the Beox-—s§l.6o
(‘unw of 208 . v..........<1::
Ches feld, pack of 205.........1
Sovereign, pack of 208, ..........18¢
Lucky Strike, {.dt of 208........080
Pliodmont, pack of 20s. .. ........180
Nebe, pack of 208 ......c00x00..030
Ask Dad, HE Knows, pack of 15.11 e
Buy them by the box for FLews.
John Ruskin 6c O H. B, ..... G
Redd Dot 6c Franklin ... .. 6¢
El-Rees-8o .. 8¢ El-Toro . Oe
Cince Ge Hoavana J. 8, 6¢
Twnpn Guide §¢ Tampa Nuget 6o
Gowell . Be New Currency Bo
Above the Avernge 7c: 3 fer .. 200
Tuwmpa Straight, 7¢: 3 for ... 200
NO ADVANCE
on smoking and chewing tobacce.
SHARYP CUT IN PPRICE
10 6 Bverendy Razor Blades 33e
1 Kveready Razor . v Me
10¢ Gillette Razor Blades .. .. o%e
R 6.00 Gillette Razor . $4.05
SIO.OO Gillette Razor .. 837,00
HERE'S A TIP
$12.50 Fastman Folding Kodak $8.05
Fiims All Sizges,
Expert Film Developing.
REDUCTION ON FLASHLIGHTS
00¢ tocell Flashlight Batteries. 40¢
Bo¢ 2.0e1l Mashlight Batteries. . 30¢
25¢ Viashlight Muzda Balbs, .. .. 20¢
$16.50 7§ Elgin, 20-yenr cnse $10.75
525.50, 154 Kigin, 20-yenr cnse $11.78
$25.50 -4, Elgin bracclet £11.398
:flho Military Wrist Wateh $4.04
1500 Militury Wrist Watch . $10.78
515.50 Military Wrist Wateh 813,75
Liberty Bonds Aceepted.
Highgrade Walch Repairing,
17 WEST MITCHELL ST,
Hall Minutes’ Walk from Whitehall,
Open & o m. antil midnight,
The investigations which have been
conducted since the first of the year
for the Georgia Commission on the
Feeble-minded have been campleted,
and Dr. V, V., Anderson, the commis
sion's sclentific expert, will make a
complete report on the results to a
meeting of that body on Monday.
While no definite figures are ob
tainable before the report is submit
ted, it is understood the situation in
Georgia is found to be in bad shape,
and that recommendations for im
mediate and effective measures will
be advoeated,
During the investigations the spe
clal workers attached to the commis
sion have visited many institutions,
including schools, reformatories, jails
and orphanages, making detailed in
spection of the inmates,
The first study dealt with the rela
tionship between feeble-mindedness
and pauperism and dependency. Sev
eral degenerate families in Georgia
were surveyed through several gen
erations of history, and the inmates
of certain orphanages were inspected.
Next, in arriving at the relationship
Letween mental deficiency and adult
crime, the State prison ‘and several
county jails, typical of their class,
were visited,
To arrive at the juvenile viee and
delinquency situation the following
institutions were chosen: The State
Reformatory, the Fulton County Re
formatory, the Georgia Industrial
Training School and large groups of
cases in various juvenile courts.
The relationship of mental deficien
cy ta educational development in the
common schools was ascertained by
visiting '‘a number of schools in the
northern part of Georgia, representing
the mountain section: in the -~en
tral part, for the mill communities,
and in the southern part, for the
urban population.
Engine Inspector for
Southern Road Killed
(By International News Service.)
MERIDIAN, MISS., June 14.—J. J.
Smith, Sr., 72, one of the oldest men
in service of the railroads in this
city and for several years engine
inspector at the Southem Railroad
shops here, was caught between two
iocomotives Saturday and so badly in
jured he died a short time thereafter.
Mr. Smith’s survivors are Mrs. E. A,
Little, of Bessemer, Ala., and Mrs,
Phil Gully, of Fairfield, Ala., daugh
ters,
. i »
City Official to Sue
(Gas Company Manager
CHATTANOOGA, TENN,, June 14,
Suit for $50,000 damages will be in
stituted against 8. E. Defrese, man
ager of the City Gas Company, by
Ed Herron, Commissioner of Publie
Utilities, it was announced today by
his counsel. Statements made about
the cit yofficial during the recent elec
tion and which Herron asserts are
libelous are the basis for the litiga
tion,
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.
3,000 More Soldiers ‘
Arrive From France
NEWPORT NEWS, June 14.—Three
thousand soldiers arrived here from
France today on the transports Bu
ford and W. A. Luckenbach, The
Buford brought the Ninetieth Divi
glon, military police, most of whoin
were Texas cow punchers before go
ing into th¢ army. Also on the Bu
ford were the 315th Field Signal Bat
talion and the 315th Mobile Ordnance
repair unit--composed~of men from
Texas and Oklahoma cities who were
picked for their technical knowledge.
There also were a number of small
casual units on the Buford,
The W. A, Luckenbach brought the
In Our Men’s and Boys’ Department
B Famous Shoes for Men.. S :
No Superiors—Few Equals
In Popular Price Footwear
: i
The Ardsley Last in Tan Calf
This is decidedty one of the most allractive propositions for
the money which we have been able to offer this season.
If you want a good, substantial and stylish shoe, as well as
one that is comfortable, good-silting and splendid wearing
you can not do better than to get a pair of these shoes.
Visit our store and look at the many styles which we are
showing in the famous BOSTONIAN make—we know
that we can please you in style, quality and price and give
you withal a perfect fil.
Mail Orders Filled Promptly, ™
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R AR IR 0T
ERER SSTEWART CO. 25 WHITTALLS!
Men’s and Boys’ Dep't, 8 Alabama St.
9934 Infantry complete, under com
mand of Colonel T. A, Plerce. These
men in this organization are from the
224 (Witdeat) Division, residents of
Tennessee, North and Soutn Carolina,
They took part in the battie of the
Argenne,
—____-___._-——'.———
FOR ELECTRIC WIRING AND
FIXTURES SEE US
WE DO IT RIGHT o
ELECTRIC FIXTURE CO.
136 Peachtree Arcade
Phone M. 4811
Cut out this Coupon and enclose two
dollars and we will send you a one-quart
can of OVER ALL, prepaid.