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Good Tips For Farmers-
Some Valuable Especially For New England—Thorough
Investigation by Expert in the Bureau of Plant Industry
—Dairy Outlook Not So Satisfactory as Heretofore—
Difficulties Due to High Price of Feed and Labor—Grass
Lands Mismanaged—Reports From Farms—Crops De
pend on Different Variations of One Rotation—New
Kinds of Silage Corn Suggested.
Asa result of three years’ study
of the most successful dairy farms
in New England, L. G. Dodge, scien
tific assistant in the farm manage
ment investigations of the Bureau of
Plant Industry, has been able to re
port to the bureau a series of criti
cisms and suggestions which farmers
may find of practical use. The in
formation is timely, for although
dairying has been a profitable busi
ness in New England, conditions have
changed in recent years, and the out
look is said to be not as satisfac
tory as it has been in the past- Some
of the present difficulties are due to
the high prices of concentrated feeds
and of labor. Some sections of New
England, furthermore, says Mr.
Dodge, feel the pressure of unsatis
factory market conditions, especially
those sections which ship milk to the
large cities, where the farmers are
offered a price for their milk on
which they can hardly make a profit.
According to Mr. Dodge the fact
that grass is so much at home in New
England States has led to a serious
fault in New England dairy farms,
namely, the mismanagement of grass
lands. This consists chiefly of a lack
of proper treatment for permanent
grass lands and of suitable rotation
for other lands, as well as for the use
of grass growing on land which does
not give profitable returns from grass
and should be devoted to tree growth,
either as woodland or orchards. An
other fault quoted is that of cutting
the hay crop too late in the season,
Mr. Dodge also notes the failure
to utilize the land for other crops
available for that section, especially
corn. In southern New England he
finds little difficulty in growing good
silage corn, but as one travels north
ward there is evidence of a lack of
suitable varieties of corn for this pur
pose. In all but the most northern
counties in New England, Mr. Dodge
believes, varieties of silage corn can
be grown. What is most needed, he
says, is to give sufficient attention
to the selection of suitable seeds.
Hon. C. L. Jones, of Penobscot
County, Me., raises all the roughage
and some of the grain for forty head
of cattle, four hors.es and twenty
sheep on forty acres of tillage, and
spares from this area three or four
acres for potatoes every year. About
twelve acres of flint corn are grown
each year for silage, nearly as much
small grain, a mixture of oats and
barley, and the remainder of the for
ty acres, aside from the potatoes, is
devoted ' hay. The rotation com
prises one year of corn, one of small
grain, one of clover hay, and part of
the land is run for mixed hay a sec
ond year. The land is seldom left in
hay for more than two years before
it is again plowed up for corn, mak
ing either a three year or a four year
rotation.
The manure is in
the late summer and fall with a ma
nure spreader, both as a top dressing
to the new seeding or other grass
land and to the land to be used for
corn the next year. It is applied at
the rate of ten loads per acre for
either purpose. The seeding is done
with the grain in the spring. Mam
moth clover is seeded at the rate of
twelve to fourteen pounds to the
acre, with two or three pounds of
redtop and four quarts of timothy.
The result of the short rotation, the
frequent manuring, and the heavy
seeding is a crop of three tons of hay
to the acre at one cutting. Other
crops yield in proportion, so that this
farm furnishes feed for so large a
number of stock that it seems un
reasonable to the average dairyman.
Another farm described is that of
Professor J. W. Sanborn in New
Hampshire, consisting of some 400
acres of tilled land suited to frequent
plowing and rapid rotation, besides
100 acres of permanent meadow and
another 175 acres of permanent pas
ture. ft
The 400 acres of easily owed
land are put in a rotation as Jfllows:
Corn, one year; peas and ■fts for
hay, one year; clover for Ay, two
cuttings, one year; sell,
one year; Hungarian hay,
one year; timothy for sell,
two years, and then one for
pasture.
The hay from the
cleared land in 1894,
Sanborn took the
112 tons. was OT
tons, this increase being accomnlhH
by frequent plowing oftlL|i-i||^^^B|
frequent applmiAiP^'" Ui
•which to 'm laij
m mggo/fSt has been shown
in other places in New Eod,
namely, that land which cfft be
plowed conveniently and is therefore
adaptable to a rapid rotation can by
this kind of treatment generally be
made to produce the roughage nec
essary to keep a cow for each acre,
at least, if it be supplemented with
pasture for part of the summer feed
of the cow.
The fundamental principle on
•which Professor Sanborn is working
is that it is fully as much the
amount of milk or butter produced
per acre which counts as it is the
amount per cow, and he is develop
ing the land accordingly. To build
up a dairy farm on a small acreage,
of course, it becomes necessary to
leave out the potatoes and hay to
sell and to devote all of the tilled
land to the support of the herd.
In the vicinity of Boston, rye sown
September 10 is ordinarily fit to cut
for feed May 15 and lasts until about
June 5. Winter wheat and vetch
sown September 2 0 is fit to feed from
June 5 to July 1, and any left over
makes good hay. Oats and peas
sown first April 18 will be fit to feed
by July 1, and successive seedings,
even up to July 1 on low land, will
furnish green feed until September 1.
It the later seedings must be omitted
for lack of suitable land, green corn
planted May 15 will fill the gap until
the frost comes. Barley sown from
June 20 to August 15 in successive
lots will furnish feed for September
and October. Under any other cir
cumstances. than those described it
does not seem economical to follow
this system, for summer feeding of
silage saves the daily labor of cut
ting and hauling a green crop on any
farm where there is land enough to
use for growing good clover hay in
a rotation with silage corn.
The methods which are to be gen
erally recommended to dairymen in
New England for the producing of
feed apply equally to much of the
State of New York, at least to all the
eastern portion of it. They are brief
ly as follows:
In the first place, all land which
can be used at all in such a manner
should be kept in a short rotation,
not more than three or four or, at
the most, five years long. This
should bring the time which any
piece of land is used for hay before
replowing down to two or three years
at the most. This short rotation
gives more clover in the hay, since
clover is short lived, only good for
two years from the time of seeding,
at best. The clover not only im
proves the quality of the hay, but
when hay is grown for three years,
increases the yield of the hay crop for
a year after the clover is gone. If
cut for hay only two years, the clover
materially aids the yield of corn or
other crop which immediately fol
lows it.
If, as is often the case, a good
catch of clover is not easily obtained,
the land should be limed, for too
much acidity in the soil seems to be
the greatest drawback to clover cul
ture in New England. Land plaster,
wood ashes, or fertilizers containing
much potash contribute to the same
end. The only precaution to be ob
served is in the case of where
potatoes are an important crop, for
then one must be cautious about lim
ing; potato scab may thereby he in
creased. In that case a fertilizer
high in potash, such as is used for
potatoes, does much to improve the
clover crop.
The chief difficulty in growing si
lage corn in northern New Englond
is in getting a suitable variety, and
farmers are strongly urged to take
advantage of such new varieties of
silage corn as may be offered for trial
by the agricultural experiment sta
tions of their respective Stated or by
the United States Department of Ag
riculture, and also to select their own
seed in order to improve it.
In the most northern sections, such
as northern Maine, where corn is out
of the question and potatoes fill the
place of corn in a rotation, silage
can still be made from Japanese mil
let or other crops and succulent win
ter feed thus provided. Clover and
Italian rye grass are successfully used
for silage in the State of Washing
ton. This combination is worthy of
trial in northern Maine.
It should be noted that all, or near
ly all, of the cropping systems that
have been mentioned here are de
pendent on different variations of one
rotation. Several different rotations
may compose the system on any farm,
and one rotation may follow anoth
er on the same field, or different
fields may be used continuously
different rotations. The
however, are based on the
common in many localities — is,
corn, small grain, grass. Corn may
be replaced by potatoes, and that is
very profitably done in the potato
districts or in the most northern
counties of New England, where corn
small grain may be left
grass (and clover) seed
or corn may be grown
Bs, instead of one.
of years of hay grow
ing yary from one to five, and
jthe smlj grains may be used as grain
jpr go m SU ppiement or enrich the
Ippply pay. Even the rotations
iftr a scßj n g system are usually based
™V h jfc ame foundation, the crops
coining after corn, two of
them ently peing grown in a
year, en the land put back to
corn
The of the New England
dairyman feed for his
cows appear t ) lt . use of short
rotation all the
clover hay and that can
be grown; timing for clover,
if need be; better management, es
pecially in the use of manure, of land
which is not fit for short rotations;
and the utilizing of the various other
crops that have been mentioned to
fill the gaps with succulent feed or
add in quantity and quality to the
ordinary hay crop.—W. E. 8., in the
Boston Transcript*
New York City.—The fancy waist
chat is made with the girdle attached
is so attractive and so becoming as
well as so satisfactory to wear that it
is quite easy to explain its growing
popularity. This one is closed invisi
bly at the back and made in guimpe
Btyle, but the sleeves can be made to
match the yoke or of thinner material
in color to match the blouse as liked,
and the trimming portion can be al
most any one of the handsome trim
ming materials offered, or be made of
plain silk or other material either
braided with soutache or embroid
ered. In this instance both the blouse
and trimming portions are braided
with soutache, while the chemisette
and the long sleeves are of all-over
lace and the girdle is of messaline
sati*. The color of the blouse and
the girdle is one of the pretty new
grays, but the lace is ivory white,
such combinations being very lovely
as well as very fashionable. Net
tucked, plain and in all fancy designs
is much used for the guimpe portions,
can be used in match
ing c<<^^^fc^|gferred.
The with a lining
which is smoothly fitted, and on
>which is arranged the draped chemi
sette and the portions of the blouse,
while the long sleeves are joined to
its armholes, the shorter ones being
joined to the blouse only. The lower
edges of the blouse and lining are
joined to a fitted girdle over which
the draped one is arranged.
The quantity of material required
for the medium size is one and seven
eighth yards twenty-one or twenty
four, one and a quarter yards thirty
two, seven-eighth yard forty-four
with three-eighth yard eighteen
inches wide for the chemisette and
long sleeves, five-eighth yard of silk
for the girdle, soutache to
design used. ft
Jet Bwclry.
It is now
reserved for the 08.
New Blouses Hav Long Sleeves.
Even the new biases and separate
waists, whether fcS morning, after
noon or evening uft, will invariably
display the long sßeve. Those for
morning wear are mi bishop sleeve
style, closing with bßd cuffs.
Rosettes For^Hittons.
As fashionable black soft
satin buttons are, the smart
est coats shows rosßd;es instead.
These are placed at regßar intervals
&nd are made of panne or satin.
Buff Gown.
Asa rival of white this season for
handsome evening gowns there is a
pale shade of buff which is exceed
ingly attractive. It comes in chiffon
cloth, satin and gauzes.
Misses’ Guimpe.
Guimpe dresses are so general for
young girls th.at pretty guimpes are
always needed. This one is novel and
attractive, yet quite simple and al
lows variations of several sorts. In
the illustration it is made of lawn,
with embroidered net applied to form
a yoke and front portion and with
mousquetaire sleeves, but the lace
could be applied to make a yoke only
if preferred, and either plain or mous
quetaire sleeves can be cut off in
three-quarter length. All-over lace,
tucked, fancy and plain nets, lingerie
material, chiffon, thin silk and every
thing of the sort is appropriate for
the facing and sleeves; if liked the
guimpe can be made of one material
throughout. When made with the
facings the foundation or lining can
be cut away beneath to give a trans
parent effect. The mousquetaire
sleeves are the most practical when
arranged over the plain ones, serving
as a lining, for this lining can be cut
from thin transparent material if de
sirable, while it serves as support for
the fulness, but they can, neverthe-
less, b€> made unlined and the gath
ers simply stayed if better liked.
The guimpe is made with front and
backs. The facings are applied on in
dicated lines, and the high collar
finishes the neck. The plain sleeves
are made in two portions, but the
full or mousquetaire sleeves are cut
all in one.
The quantity of material required
for the sixteen-year size is two and
three-quarter yards one
and five-eighth yards inches
wide with three yards one
and a half yards forty-four inches
wide to make as illustrated.
Waist Smartness.
Crepe de chine of heavy soft
ture is, it is said, to be one of
leading materials for fall waists*ior
tailor-mades. Net of the same color
as the gown is also to be used.
A New Color.
The new color, manille, much
in Paris in model hats and gowns, ii
a very dark brownish taupe, and has
been seen on hats designed by Pari
jsian milliners.
THE PULPIT.-
A BRILLIANT SUNDAY SERMON BY
THE REV. DR. C. F. AKED.
Theme: Chesterton's Discovery.
New York City.—The Rev. C. P.
Aked, D. D., the pastor of the Fifth
Avenue Baptist Church, preached in
his pulpit Sunday. His subject was
“How Mr. Chesterton Discovered
England.” He took for his text Mat
they 11:28 and 29, “I will give you
rest.” “Ye shall find rest unto your
souls.” “Come unto Me all ye that
are weary and heavy laden and I will
give you rest. Take My yoke upon
you and learn of Me, for 1 am meek
and lowly in heart, ana ye shall find
rest unto your souls,” and said:
This is Christianity’s first invita
tion to the world. It applies the test
of universal religion. For the test of
universal religion is not in the num
bers of those who accept it, but in the
varieties of men and women who ac
cept it, and whose needs it meets and
satisfies. This invitation has been
accepted by every kind and condition
of men and women throughout the
whole of the human race; and every
type of character, eAery circumstance
of need has responded to this invita
tion. The men and women who have
accepted have found the rest for
their souls which Christ promised.
But I am not going to preach to-night
upon this text. Millions of gracious
sermons have been preached upon it
and millions of souls have been won
to the rest promised. I have one
purpose only in repeating the words
at the outset, and that is that you
may use them, not as a text to ex
pound but as a motto of that which is
to follow', for I purpose to speak
about a conspicuous figure in the
world of letters who has accepted this
invitation of Christianity and found
rest for his doubting, wondering, in
quiring mind, rest for his turbulent
spirit; and he has written a book tell
ing us how he found his way to Chris
tianity and to the rest that Chris
tianity offers.
The man is Mr. Chesterton. His
books are freely on sale in this coun
try and he occupies a very conspic
uous place in English literary life.
The book is called “Orthodoxy.” It is
a story—autographical—of the way
in which he brings himself to the ac
ceptance of Christianity. The style
is all his own. He is the supreme
master of paradox among living xnen
the wide world over. His purpose is
to take any statement about any mor
tal thing and show that universally
the contrary is true. If, for instance,
I say that the doctrine of original sin
is gloomy and depressing his method
is to show that the doctrine of orig
inal sin is universally the most brac
ing and most invigorating and ex
hilarating that the mind of man can
conceive. That is the man’s way, and
he has attained to enormous influence
and his books to enormous sale by
working this paradoxical method. It
does not follow because I call your
attention to this book that I am com
mending it unreservedly, but the
value of the book is that it stimulates
thought. It sets you thinking about
the deepest and highest things, and
many things deeply suggestive and
helpful to spiritual life. In one sense
it is a corrective of that very curious
ingrained temper of our day which
launches every now and then an en
tirely new and original gospel that is
going to supersede all other gospels
that have ever been preached and
bring in the millenium by special ex
press with all expenses paid within
the next fortnight. We have seen
too much of that sort of thing and it
Is a corrective of this curious habit,
this launching w r ith banners flying
and bands playing, a gospel of to
morrow, which, on examination,
proves to be merely a second-hand
copy of a sleepy edition of the gospel
of yesterday afternoon.
Mr. Chesterton likens himself to an
English yachtsman, who in the Eng
lish Channel loses his bearings and in
his imagination thinks he is in the
Southern Pacific and on approaching
the land believes it is some uninhab
ited or savage island. He goes ashore
prepared to meet wild men ad ani
mals, and discovers that among
his own people in the streets
of Dover or Chester
ton sets out to discojUr anew ethic,
anew philosophy a new moral
ity, and he discovered Christianity.
I have not been in this country twen
ty months yet, but I am quite certain
that there have been twenty new gos
pels launched upon an astonished
public during that time. I remember
one that was to take possession of the
church to win the world to Christ
inside of the next twelve months.
The publisher sent me a copy of the
book for my opinion, and I wrote him
that I did not care two straws about
that sort of thing, but before the ink
in my signature was dry a friend
called on me and I asked him how
Dr. So and So’s scheme was getting
on. “Oh,” he said, “he is about
through with it.”
. I said, “Why, I have only just got
his book from the publisher.” “That
does not make a difference,” said my
friend. “But,” I said, “how can he
have got through with it already?”
He looked at me with pity for my
insular ignorance and non-apprecia
tion of the ignorance of the American
mind and said, “Have you not been
here long enough to know how easily
we take a thing up and how much
more easily we drop it again?” The
fact is that what is new in these new
schemes is not true, and what is true
in them is not new. lam very glad
to have such a man as Chesterton,
with his paradox, irony and sarcasm,
calling attention to the utter folly of
being led by this or by that, because
it pretends to be new. You may say
we are in a progressive age, but it is
because we are progressive that we
must preserve our self-respect and
%ot be carried away by this and that
„ “wind of doctrine.” Looking back
fer twenty recall in
.merable philosophies
at have tried to take possession of
and the church; but they have
gone and the old faith, the old relig
ion and the old belief in Jesus and the
transcendent, more cer
tain id lovable than anything else:
In le cross of Christ I glory,
Tomering o’er the wrecks of time.
All tile light of sacred story
Gathers round its head sublime.
Mr. Chesterton tells us the way in
Vhich he found his way to belief and
found rest, and he
amazement with whfcw abo tk.
p h ° w ,°2 e “Action to n
canceled another out T R hrl la M .'!
jection to Christianity 3'? 1?
Pletely answeredby a*"! 11 Ucl
mn from some other 1° her
found he says, one obw t i' tot - H.
agnostic manual to clJ tlon to 5!
the ground that it is ?' l3tla Uv
t°Zd and ? nother "Luw’cS'J?"
ity had cast a rose pink v ei i rist,au
human life, with a silly
mentalism about this bel"% *•£
of all possible worlds. Wt
other objection that it has i, *•
weaa and that e •>
the virility, all the manhnJ o'* 0 '*
us and another that i
deluged the nations with aw? N
Christianity, he asks, a ~ '
meeKness and mildness orSS n °t
der and massacre? It m av u of
the other, but it cannot be w*
the same time. e at
You remember the humors
by John Godfrey Saxe a w?v Bp °*
blind Hindus who went t! tbe f °nr
elephant. They could not sep r** **
phant, but they said what t k tn9eie *
seen. One happened to lean # y
the elephant and declared ?? ainst
much like a wall. Another , Was
of his tail and described him acV holil
like a rope. Another got h i 3
and said he was a serpent ! i
fourth ran against his tusk an? the
he was shaped very much like a
The fact is that they had not * pear
elephant at all.
that is my sermon. The nw
have never seen Christianity
they have never understood n, !•
tianity at all. They have seen ! t
fragments—the tail or ear of??
elephant—but they have no? *
Christianity and know not what \ 6ea
The difficulties of reliSL S '
great, but the difficulties of unbpl u!
are infinitely greater, it is nn 7? ef
that Christianity in its f u n n ?! f ll9
simple thing that anybody can L
in two minutes. There are
and perplexities, but the difficult es
and perplexities and problems n
wh:b you involve yourself !y t U
rejection of Christianity ar* far grit
er than those involved in its accent
ance I could present half a dozen*
I will present one: If unbelief has
stated the case truly to us j eS n S
Christ was only a peasant boy’, a car
penter and a fanatic for religion, who
lived in an obscure part of the Rq.
man empire and died as a criminal
after three years of agitation. That
is all. And yet Christianity, the most
tremendous and colossal fact in the
world, has all grown out of that 1
Men and women, ignorant and wise,
in widely different circumstances, tell'
you that they have been down’ and
have been raised, have had burdens
lifted from their shoulders, strength
came to them, enabling them to bear
their loads, they have been conscious
of sin and realized forgiveness, the
chains have dropped from their man
acled spirits and they have walked in
the freedom of manhood and woman
hood, they tell you they have been
lost and were found. I myself have
at times seen through the vail that
hides the invisible from the visible
and have been sure of a God, and I
have risen from what I thought the
very gates of death and have walked
the hills of life again, and found that
my Saviour was by my side. If you'
want to know whether Christianity
is true, try it. The objections contra
dict bach other, and are not true.
Christianity stands and Christ makes
His appeal still to you to-night and
offers the invitation: “Come unto
Me all ye that labor and are heavy
ladeD, and I will give you rest."
Sacredness of Small Things.
We should realize the sacredness
of small things which we ignore or
despise—the deed that uplifts, al
though it is unheralded; the word
that inspires, although uttered so
gently that your neighbors do not
hear it; the hand clasp which puts
your brother firmly on his feet with
out public applause. Hence the small
things dare not be despised by those
of us who wish to rise to higher
things.
I thank God for our religious privi
leges. We all have equal rights ui
der the Stars and Stripes. The Prot
estant and Catholic, the Jew and
Gentile, the Mohammedan may bull
his mosque, the Buddhist bis temple-
We have no State church, no coercive
religious laws. We are responsible
to no human power for cur religion
convictions, responsible only to Gofl-
The church that makes the best me
and women is the best church.
Jesus Knows. .
Christ's message to the churches
Asia all begin with the words,
know thy tribulation,” ‘‘l know w ■ ;
thou dwellest,” “I know thy po' eT ’
It is as if He would lay the T> u
tion for His encouragement 01
warning in the assurance of '
pathy. He always begins H l3
"l der
stand.
judgment, we Wr ig .
the indifference thaLWrmgs -
norance. He understands, an *
fore can judge; He knows, an
fore can help.—Pacific Bapii= ■
Rendering Tribute to
There are three ways oi
tribute to Christ —with the ’ e3 j
heart and the will. I e”cpnseto
to your minds. No man oi - j ?
day denies the Christ; r hearts
past. Ido not appeal t° > it's
and w r ork on your symp<- _ and
easy enough to make worn- often
get into a state of ecs^a . clir ; s t
mistaken for real s . urr f D , ; r Vwitb liie
I appeal to your will, for h that
will alone that you mu- of
great question, What 1
Christ?”
The Purpose of God-■
The purpose of Goci ‘ . nO ttled§ o
revelation for us is 11 1 “ s to sej*
alone. Men devote the „ ur pose ‘. s
ence and philosophy. £ ot we&JV
not physical power. 1 through h
and luxury. God com &Q( j pgr*
word to give us eternal * -
don from the powerju^^
.Chance. $ p
There is no such tlnng f tboU gM; 1
the world'. It is an ei* - n atur e , f l
a misapprehension o ■_ are in
things, xo imagine tb.a £ c
sense under the dominion^
The Reward. jA
God puts consolation S* e ■
has first put pain
chine.