Newspaper Page Text
>() E TRY.
’ From the Comic Almanac.
apropos TO THE GOOSE.
Uncle —accept our best thanks
For your very nice Michaelmas treat ;
Such a beautiful biid I ne’er saw—
So t under, so young, and so sweet!
Mv wife an I mvself both declare,
Since we tied the Hymeneal noose,
We never before clapp’d our eyes
On so fine— so delicious a goose !
The brats are all well. Little Sam
Is a Solomon quite of his age :
Such a mimic ‘. We’ve serious thoughts
Os bringing him up to the stage.
He already takes off vou and aunt.
Her wav of exclaiming “ The deuce!”
He can ; mitate cocks, hens and ducks
Aprjpo , —many thanks for the goose.
Our eldest we’ve christen’d, at last,
After you an! mv uncle a- York—
John James Paul Ralph George Job Giles Mark;
And Eliza's beginning to talk.
Little Arthur has lost a front tooth,
And another is getting quite loose :
They both want to know when vou’ll come ;
And thank you, dear sir, for the goose.
Little Hal's as like vou as two peas—
So lively, so smart, and so jaunty !
And dear little Emily Ann
Is grown quite the moral of aunty.
Selina’s translatin'* in French,
The vovage of Mister Perouse ;
And Amelia has kn t vou a purse :
And thank you, dear sir, for the goose.
Little Kllen’s begun to *ol fa t
And her master, the Uhevaticr Dantl,
Declares that he never vet heard
Child sing so exceedingly small.
Little Tom’s quite a sportsman become :
He has caught a young hare in a noose,
And sends vou the skin to he stuff’d :
And thank you, dear sir, for the goose.
Your museum. I hope, goes on well;
But, uncle, take care of your eyes.
And pray don’t w'ch microscopes look
So much at those very small flies.
1 send you the horn of a deer—
I believe it’s a species of moose—
And the quill of a real black swan :
And thank you, dear sir, for your goose.
I hope vou ride out every dav—
It’s the first tiling on earth for the health ;
Without which, as f’ve oft heard vou sav.
What's honors, and station, and wealth 7
But. dear uncle, pray never more mount
That wild thing von bought of Lord Uoos,
But vou are so exceedingly hold !
Did I thank you before for the goose ?
P. S.—Can you lend me ten pounds
Till Christmas ? My lease is just out
And I’ve no one to fly to hut you.
Dear sir—by the bve, how’s your gout ?
The interest, of course, I shall pav.
Five per cent. Is vour cough getting loose 7
You can send it per post—and. dear Nunks,
Many thanks for that duck of a goose.
SUB TREASURY BILL.—ARGUMENTS
PRO AND CON.
1. That it created two currencies, the bet
ter for the Government, and the baser for the
people, separating the Government from the
people, and drawing a dividing line between
them which ought not to exist.
2. That it would raise the salaries of all
the officers of Government ten or fifteen per
centum above the currency of the country.
3. That the country could not spare the
amount of specie which would be required for
the purpose.
4. It would withdraw a large amount of
capital from the use of the country, which
could be beneficially employed in the deve
lopment of the resources of enterprise and in
dustry. And great inconvenience and ex-
{ tense would attend the transportation of the
arge amounts of specie that would be neces
sary.
5. That the public moneys would be very
unsafe in the hands of these private deposito
ries.
6. That it would be an alarming increase
of Executive power and patronage, in the ap
pointment of an army of additional public of
ficers, and in the unrestrained possession of
the public revenue.
7. It would shake the credit of the banks
and of bank paper ; paralyse their ability to
assist the energies of the people in recovering
from the recent shock ; and postpone indefi
nitely the possibility of resumption.
That what is now wanted, and what the
Government ought to exert itself to supply,
was confidence ; that this bill went to destroy
all confidence, on which our commercial and
national greatness depends, and to force on
the country an exclusive metallic currency.
8. That Government is bound to provide
relief for the existing public pressure, a fea
ture of which the policy of this bill is entirely
destitute. .
To these several objections the following
replies were opposed : ...
1. There is no such thing as a distinction
between the Government and the people.—
The whole body of public employes and cre
ditors are individually part of the people, and
whatever currency they conduct their trans
actions in, must be in perpetual circulation
through the people. The payment of con
tracts, services, salaries, &e. must pass out in
every direction into general circulation. The
Government, moreover, is the people, repre
sented and embodied, in an agency for the
management of their necessary public busi
ness, and a measure designed to secure the
simplicity, safety, and stability of its necessary
fiscal action, is one of universal interest to the
people at large, rather than to the individu
als connected with the administration of the
Government. In the second place, this is a
suicidal argument on the part of those who
use it, since it presumes pajier a baser cur
rency than specie. A healthy paper cur
rency, certainly convertible on demand, is
contended to he as good as, or better than,
specie—then why object, on this ground at
least, to the public finances being administer
ed in the latter ?
2. This is a self-evident fallacy. Specie
is the standard by which even paper measures
itself. In a healthy state the latter is said to
be equivalent to specie. From that standard
it is its duty never to depart. AN hat is bv
some eo often termed a premium on specie
means only a discount on piper. The sala
ries are graduated upon that standard. To
make those who are entitled to receive ‘.hem,
by contract, for services performed, submit to
the loss of such a discount, could not he ad
vocated by anv one. The answer to this
objection is also involved in the former
's. The amount of specie in the country is
estimated at more than seventy-five millions.
A few years ago it was not halt that amount.
The Executive estimates the utmost amount
that can be required in the collection and dis
bursement of the public revenue at eight •r
ten millions. Mr. Benton, from various data
and the examples of other countries, estima
ted it at one-fourth of the revenue, and the
future revenue will not exceed twenty-five
millions. But (it was argued) if the revenue
increases largely, which may happen, this
amount will he increased, and large sums will
accumulate. Be it. so, (it was replied), such
increase would indicate an unhealthy spirit of
speculation in public lands and importation,
and it would then serve both as a warning,
and a check or drag; whereas under the
bank deposite system it acted as a spur, and
an additional intoxicating draught.
4. The amount would be small. Some
floating capital must always he requisite for
the management of any species of extended
business. The revenue is expended (or
ought to be and will be hereafter) as fast as
collected. Even if deposited in banks, to be
discounted on, an amount equivalent to what
would be withdrawn from crculafu.n under
this system, must lie inactive to meet expect
ed drafts for the expenditures. The trans
portation of specie will be very limited. For (
the most part the collections and disburse
ments in the same sections'of country nearly i
balance each other; and in those ii which
6weh is not the case, the drafts upon the tu 1 -
plus collected on the Atlantic will command j
a premium. The transmission by means of |
drafts vvoukl be at least as convenient as now.
Such drafts, drawn on actual specie, provided ;
for actual expenditures, secured by the credit’
of the Government, would be the best kind o{
| paper for exchange, and would, in fact, pro
! uably render any considerable transportation j
lof specie unnecessary. No tnore time could
| be iost in the transportation of sj)ecie, than is
now the case, when the banks have to hold j
i funds in reserve, and inactive, to provide for
I expected drafts.
j 5. The provisions of the hill leave little
danger to the public funds. The amounts in
! the hands of depositories can always be ex
jactly known to the department, and kept
i within the limits of the official bonds, over
i which a carful vigilance can be maintained ;
land the periodical supervision by co-ordinate
! officers, and special agents, together with the
;severe penal restraints on the use of public
money under any circumstances, leave as lit
tle clanger as it is possible to secure in any
system of human agency. Are not the pub
lic moneys exposed to embezzlement by un
faithful officers of banks ? Discounted on by
hanks, they are, of necessity, exposed to the
! dangers and vicissitudes of commerce ; and
|if not discounted on, of what use (ire they to
them.'’ And even if an occasional defaulter
; should cause a partial loss, the Government
would at least be safe from a sudden total
suspension, or loss of all its revenue, such as
has recently occurred, and might well occur
again. This objection is entirely futile and
illusory.
6. The bill creates no new officers ; none
beyond a very insignificant number need be
created, to carry out this system Its only ef
fect is to increase the trouble and responsi
bility of public officers. All remember the out
cry raised against the deposite bank system,
loti this ground, of the danger of improper
Executive influence upon the interests of
banks; this objection to the late system was
not without reason, as was proved hv the ur
gent applications made on behalf of the hanks
for a share of the public deposites. This is
wholly obviated bv the bill. The only mode
in which a corrupt influence can be exerted
by the public money, is, by the privilege of
its use. It is evident that this is entirely cut
off’ by a symptom which forbids its being
loaned or used for any purpose whatever not
commanded by appropriation. The same
formalities and checks would attend the pay
ment of all drafts, &c., and the Executive
would manifestly have no more control over
the public moneys, for any other than lawful
purposes, than now.
7. This objection was eloquently and inge
niously urged. It was replied :
That instead of being of a hostile nature
towards the banks, this measure was really in
a high degree friendly to their best interests,
as to those of the people. It was admitted
that they were not to blame for having bank
ed upon the public deposites —they were re
quired to do so by being compelled to pay in
terest to the Government, by the depjosite
act. The true interest of a bank is to con
duct its legitimate business on the firm basis
of its own capital and its own credit. It then,
and the public, know exactly what to rely
upon; and it has its own business safe in its
own hands. It is more injurious than profit
able, to have the Government credit mixed
up with its own. Its credit is liable to be
shaken by the action of the Government, and
the conflicts of politics. Its basis of capital is
constantly shifting, and exposed to variation,
according to accumulation and transfers of
the public moneys ; and as every expansion
of its loans operates with a powerful stimu
lating effect on the community, a sudden
withdrawal of them, (a necessity to which it
must be constantly more or less liable,) must
produce a verv injurious influence on both.
The business of our enterprising population
will always afford a full remunerating profit
to capital invested in banking. So long as
the Slates continue to create banks, it is their
function to distribute and apportion their
banking capital suitably to the proper wants
of respective localities; and it is an improper
interference on tlie part of the Government to
disturb the proportions thus established by
State legislation, by artificially increasing or
decreasing the actual banking capitals of dif
ferent institutions, by lending or withdrawing
the use of the public moneys.
The effect of this system would be to fur
nish the community a uniform standard of
value. I< was admitted by all, that gold and
silver—the currency of the world in the com
mercial relations of nations, possessing a value
not artificial, hut natural and intrinsic—was
that standard, to which paper money ought
always to he kept down ; that at the forma
tion of the Constitution the possibility of de
parture from it was never dreamed of, and
1 would not have been tolerated. That stand
jard had hitherto existed only nominally.—
The fluctuating elasticity of paper, had, in
fact, furnished the only standard in practical
use. The transactions of the Government
j being conducted in specie would create a cer
tain demand for it—not large in proportion to
the quantity of money in use—vet constant
and regular; this, with the actual circulation
of its expenditures, would furnish that practi
cal standard of the currency hitherto want
ing—that balnncewhee! to the machine, in
vain sought to be supplied by a large bank,
! whose action (possessing the same intrinsic
j defects as the rest) was far more pernicious
! than beneficial. This would diminish the
small note circulation to some extent, and
j would, as its best service, compel every bank
I to keep its circulation on a par of credit with
ihe specie standard. And this would he the
only effectual mode of accomplishing that ob
! ject, upon which all should unite. This would
; he not less beneficial to the real permanent
j interests of banks, than to the currency and
the business of the community.
It being conceded that the banks must not
hereafter, at any rate, batik upon the public
money, they have no material interest in
having their notes receivable in the collection
of the revenue. The Government could not
keep their paper on hand as cash in the
Treasury, since this would be equivalent to
lending them the public money, in another
form, to bank upon ; and they would he thus
subjected to having their notes brought in
upon them in masses for conversion into spe
cie. And, moreover, shall the paper of all, so
called, specie-paving hanks be made receiva
ble r It would he a dangerous experiment.
Shall a discretion of selection he vested in
executive officers, to sit in judgment on the
credit of banks. Few would advocate it.—
i Eight or ten millions is the highest amount of
money that would flow in tlie circuit of the
i pubiic revenue and expenditures. This is a
j proportion altogether insignificant, to the
amount of transactions in money of the coun
try ; nor could it have any material influence
|on the circulation and credit of the medium
that should be used for those other purposes,
except to increase, in some degree, the specie
in actual circulation, and afford, as has just j
been said, the s andard and measure hitherto
wanting—an object admitted by all to be
highly important.
The charge that the operation of the bill
would force an exclusive metallic currency on
the country, and thus suddenly strike down
the value of all property “one-third”* or
“ two-thirds,” 1 seemed certainly obviated by
the gradual caution with which the principle
of specie payment was to be brought into ope
ration. Independently of the consideration of
the small proportion of the currency which
would be involved in the fiscal action of the
Government, the bill, as amended, allowed
over four years for its gradual consummation,
which time, it (hat objection was raised, they
* Mr. King, of Georgia.
t Mr. Clay, of Kon ucVr.
were even willing to extend, being mainly
anxious for the principle.
The exclusion of hank paper from the re
venue 1 wring applied to all, would not affect
the credit of any—as would be the case, were
distinctions made to the prejudice ol particu
lar banks.
The Slate banks had not the public depo
sited during the period ot the charier of the
late Bank of the United States, whose notes (
alone were bv law made receivable. It had
the option of receiving or discrediting ihe
j notes of any of the former; yet, as a whole,
j they never were in a sounder or better com
l dition than during that period, before they
became in any way connected with the Go
| vernment. YVas it intended by the States
which created them, that their credit should
he dependent on the patronage ol the Gene-
I ral Government?
Not more than one-twentieth of the whole
number of banks, are required as deposito
ries. What material influence would the
!adoption of them have on the credit ol ihe
1 rest of the whole bodv? Would it not give
; the favored few an undue advantage over the
I rest ?
It was denied strongly that the bill involved
;any attack on the banks, or the credit sys
tem. It merely established a simple, safe,
[stable, and uniform system ol administration
[of the public, finances of the country, secured
1 from the dangers which had been heretofore
experienced under all the other systems tried ;
exerting, incidentally, a healthful influence on
the currency, the business ot the community,
and, in n signal degree, on the permanent in
terests of the banks themselves.
[■ This general charge against the measure
proposed, as being calculated to prostrate the
“ credit system,” was especially urged as the
“ Conservative” objection to it. Although
many of the Senators spoke in strong terms
against the abuses of that system which the
| country had witnessed, any such design was
explicitly disavowed, and, as will appear from
the tenor of the above arguments in reply, dis
proved. To the amendment proposed, as a
substitute, by Mr. Rives, it was strongly urged
in reply:
That his bill could not produce the effect
of reform contemplated by it—that of sup
pressing bank paper under s2o—-which was
ihe main stay on which its merits depended.
The age of surpluses has gone by. The re
venue is hereafter to he reduced to the mea
sure of the economical wants of the Govern
ment. The Secretary of the Treasury esti
mates that they may soon he reduced to sev
enteen millions. There will hereafter he no
accumulation of deposites. The disburse
ments will follow close on ihe heels of the
receipls. And it has already been shown
that the amount of money used in the public
finances will bear an insignificant proportion
to the whole currency. What hanks will be
induced to sacrifice ihe profits of their smal
ler circulation by that plan ‘ And if any shou'd
be found to do so—even if a quarter, or a lalf,
of the whole number, the orilv effect would be
to leave a richer harvest of profit lo the rest
in the supply of small notes. The means are
evidently immensely disproportionate to the
end proposed. The only effectual wav, with
in the competency of the General Govern
ment, to extend the metallic circulation, is to
keep up, in its own transactions, a metallic
nucleus to the currency at large, round which
the latter may be thus compelled lo attach it
self, adhering to it as the common standard
of value.
But, moreover, such an attempted reform
of the State Institutions would he beyond the
legitimate incidental influence that the Fede
ral Government may rightfully exert. It
would certainly be very little, in harmony with
Stale Rights principles. The General Gov
ernment is bound to furnish the inform spe
cie standard or stable measure, to which it is
the business of the States to keep down Iheir
respective local currencies. But to under
take the reform of the State Institutions—to
virtually dictate to the States the proper prin
ciples on which they must organize their hank
ing system—lo refuse to recognize the hanks
of those States which will not adopt the views
of the General Government on the subject of
small notes (on which there exists considera
ble diversities of opinions,) woul dcertainly he
extending the action of “ incidental” influence
a great deal farther lhan ihe principles and
spirit of the State Rights school can tolerate;
and in a mode the most obnoxious to jealousy
and discontent. Certainly thus to reform the
State Banks had no part in the motives which
determined the adoption of lhat system in
1933. That reform of the respective State
local currencies must be left to the Slates. It
is worse tl.an idle lo talk against Federal cen
tralization of influence and power, if we are
to undertake thus to wield incidental powers,
expressly and avovvedlv towards such a direct
end of reversal of State legislation. The
whole constitutional argument against a Na
tional Bank is virtually undermined by such a
course of policy.
It was argued here, that an important ben
efit to the fiscal action of the Govermrent, in
another point of view, would result from the
dissolution of the connection heretofore exist
ing between it and the banking interests of
the country. The pressure of hanking influ
ences on legislation—well known to be real
and potent, though invisible and intangible—
with all its pernicious tendency to high taxes
and accumulation of revenue, and with all the
acrimonious spirit which it introduces into the
collisions of part es and opinions—would he at
an end. The Treasury Department, also,
would be relieved from the necessity, now in
cumbent upon it with reference to the safety
of the public funds, of entering inlo the arena
of conflicting interests, in times of pressure, to
assist and relieve the respective hanks that
seem to need it, by the weight of its credit and
transfers. This had been strongly reprobaied,
yet if the public funds are entrusted to, and
endangered in hanks, it becomes evidently a
measure of necessity. It would also be no
unimportant object lo put the Government [
beyond the reach of those perpetual oulcries J
and imputations to which it is now subjected j
at every step taken in the management of
its finances, because eveyv step presses upon
the banking interests with which it is con
nected.
8. To the remaining argument it was re
plied :
That nil the relief that the General Gov
ernment could legitimately extend (even if
more was in its power, which was not the
i case,) was provided in the oilier measure al
ready passed, viz: The Fourth Instalment
Postponement Bill, relieving the deposite banks
from the necessity of making that transfer;
the issue of Treasury notes; the indulgence
granted on duty bonds; and that granted to
the late deposite banks. These were very
important relief measures. More the Gov
ernment could not do. It could not yield to
anv temptation to exert itself to grant favors
(beyond what ivas already incidentally done.)
to any partial interests. A National Bank
would, it was believed, vastly augment the
evil.* To receive irredeemable paper no one
could seriously advocate.
* It was pleasantlv replied, bv Mr. Wright, to the
| charge made bv Mr. Preston—lo the effect that the
; system projiosed would be virtually to establish a Gov- j
ernment National Bank—that if the definition of a hank
included one who neither lent money, received depos
its, nor issued hi* no’es for circu'ation as currency
: (the present issue of Treasury notes being but a tem
j porarv anticipation of accruing revenue and funds for
the time unavailable,) but onlv occasionally’transferred
money, by selling his kills of exchange on his actual
1 specie funds provided, like any other merchant in the
market. th°n indeed. “ he wasreadv to sav to the Sen- !
ator from South Carolina, and to aM the friends of that
Senator who wore so verr anxious for the establishment
!of a National Bank, that, opposed as he was to swh
an institution, in name or in principle, if they would
compromise bv the acceptance of euch a hank as this
: hill would establish, they should have it with his cheer- j
fill assent, and this long ami heated agitation about a
, Government Bank, should tufunver amicable settled.”
From the Washington Chronicle.
PEOPLE OF THE SOUTH, LOOK AT THIS.
The New York correspondent of the Na
tional Intelligencer, true to the interests ol
monopolists, thus expresses himself in his lasi.
letter: j
‘‘ Saturday is the settling day of the week,
when we take a review of things. Ihe do- |
mest’c exchanges are in as bad a condition as ,
ever, except in some few of the Southern eit- j
ics. There will be hut few sales of cotton till j
we hear from Europe again. Foreign grain;
is constantly coming into market. Ol real es-.
tate there are no sales. V* natot dry goods,
the Southern and Western people consume i
ibis year, they will have to pay well for in
Natches, 15 to IS percent, as an addition, to
make up.tiie rate of exchange; Nashville, 10
to 12 per cent., and in other places according
to the rate of exchange on New Y: ork. 1 his
it costs for ‘ glory’ to atone for killing ‘ the
Monster.’ ”
This is the scourge wherewith the South ;
is to be driven into the bank snare. YYhatj
does all this amount to? The true answer
ought to open the eyes of every farmer and
planter in the South. Southern and YY estern
merchants are to pay 15 per cent, advance for
their goods, and the people, who are the con
sumers, aic to pay 20 per cent, on this ad
vance to the merchants! How is this state of
things brought about, and what is the sum and
substance of the matter? Attend for a mo
ment, think but an instant, and you will see
the whole working of this nefarious system.
The South and Southwest export about
two-thirds of the whole amount ol produce
sent to foreign markets. The return cargoes
enter at New York and oilier Northern ports,
consigned to irerchants at these places. These
merchants sell them to Southern and South
western dealers at 50 per cent, advance on
she p: ime cost. And how is payment to he
made ? Why, in this wa v, and this way
only. The Southern and Southwestern deal
er goes on to New York, carrying with him
the notes of Southern and Southwestern
hanks. These notes are good m the States
where they are issued. They are true re
presentatives of value ; and many of them
are issued on the credit of the Slates them
selves. They arp, in many respects, sounder
and better than the notes of the New York
batiks, some of which issue sixteen paper
dollars to one of specie. But it matters not. j
YVlien the dealer goes lo New York, he is
told that his money will not be received in
payment for goods. He must go to the
broker and have his notes shaved ai from 15
to 18 per cent, discount, and get. in return
the notes of New York banks. He does this,
gets his goods, lays on the per cent, on their j
cost, and then sells them to the planter and
farmer at 25 or 30 per cent, advance on the
whole !
This is the way in which Ihe South and
Southwest have been impoverished. This
the machinery put in operation hv the North
ern banks, to make the South pay tribute.
In this consists ihe secret of their wealth and
our poverty! Can any Southern man con
template it without amazement and indigna
tion ! The very returns of their own pro
duce sold to them, at an advance of 50 per
cent, further burdened by a discount of from
15 to 18 percent.; they, in the mean time,
giving the notes of sound banks, for the
notes of broken banks! Is it not most mani
fest that this system is the result of a desper
ate combination of Northern capitalists
against Ihe dearest interests of the South ?
Shall it continue? Shall we longer submit
to ils grinding exactions? No —no —no, is
the answer of every Southern man who un
derstands his interests, and is determined to
maintain them.
And how shall this nefarious league he
broken up? How shall the siniMer efforts of
ihcse Northern capitalists be arrested ? The
answer is plain. Let Southern cities import
iheir own goods ; let the return cargoes enter
at Norfolk, Charleston, Savannah, Mobile,
New O leans, and other Southern ports, in
stead of New York; and Ibis whole scheme
of wanton exactions will he blown to the
winds. In these ports. Southern money will
be at par. The lahles will he turned, and
speculators instead of depreciating our South
ern money, will be compelled to purchase it
at. an advance, in order lo buy our cotton,
rice, and tobacco. YYe shall no longer he
taxed ten, fifteen, and twenty per cent, in or
der to get ihe goods which our own produce
has brought to the country.
\s an indispensable means to effect this
great object we must go for a separation of
the Government from the hanks. Our South
ern hanks can stand without the Government
patronage, of which 1 hev have received so
small a share; while these slock-jobbing es
tablishments of the North, which have been
sustained hv the aid of Government surplus
es, will tumble to pieces. They will have no
longer the means of oppressing os. Com
merce will he free—and trade will flow in its
natural channels. Until this is done we o,
Ihe South are doomed to be the victims o.
extortion. Lpt the South stand up in de
fence of the Treasury system and the fetters
which have so long hound us, will fall from
our hands. The Northern capitalists know
this; and hence their clamor for a hank, and
hitter denunc'ntions of the Treasury system.
They see it will set us free—and they are not
willing lhat we should he free. Let the
South awake from ils fatal lethargy, and ral
ly as one man. to the support of the “Treas
ury system. If they slumber now they are
lost. The banks are in ihe field. Capitalists
are rallying to their support —and if they sue-j
ceed in forcing the Goverrnent into iheir plans
the South and Southwest are hound for half
a century, and delivered over to their mer
cenary exactions.
From the Savannah Georgian.
LATE FROM FLORIDA.
We late last evening, through iheattention
of Capt. Adams, of the John McLean, receiv
jed the following letter from a correspondent
i at Garey’s Ferry, and the subjoined slip from
! the editors of the Jacksonville Cour., (Messrs.
1 Weir &. Richardson.)
Clarksville. E. F. >
February 10, 1838. 3
j To the Editor of the Georgian,
j Dear Sir: A letter was received at this
I place last evening, from an officer of the ar
j my al Indian River, stating tha* there was a j
1 report there that Gen. Jesup had captured
j three or four hundred Indians, men, women I
land children. The officer writes that the re- 1
port is very indefinite, therefore he will not;
vouch for the truth of it. The whole coun
try where Gen. Jesup is operating, is under;
water, frequently catching t K e men up toj
their breasts. Gtn. J. is now near Jupiter;
inlet.
Jacksonville. Feb. 2o, >
Courier Office, Tuesday, 2 o’clock A . M. 3
By the arrival of the steamer John Me- ■
Lean, Capt. Adams, from Black Creek, we
learn that a letter from an officer at St. An-1
gustine, to nnoiherat Black Creek, says, that |
an express had arrived from the army, which j
says that is rumored that Gen. Jessup had
captured SCO Indians.
It is also said that that a treaty has been
made with the Indians, and Lt. Leonard has!
departed for Washington, from Indian river,
in order (it is supposed) to ratify the treaty. ]
- (From the Republican of yesterday.)
Our corresdondent in Florida writes from
Ciarksviile under date of the 14th inst. thus—
“ Last evening’s express from Tampa, brought ‘
us information that 21 Indians and 103 negroes
had come in lately at that post. It is also
said that a considerable body of Indians are 1
on an Island southwardly, and are heined in j
by some of our troojis.
“ Report says that Gen. Nelson has killed
1? Indians and taken 10 prisoners.”
SENTINEL & HERALD.
COLUMBUsT march 1,1839.
The following persons have kindly con- |
sented to act as Agents for the Sentinel and
Herald:
Col. C. Parker, Monroe Cos.
Peter Cone, Esq. Eden, Effingham Cos.
Rev. Reuben E. Brown, Perry P. 0. Hous
| ton Cos.
Thos. H. Key, Esq. Drayton, Dooly Cos.
I Col. Thos. J. Holmes, Byron, Baker Cos.
Stephen D. Crane, Esq. Dahlonega, Lump
kin Cos.
| Col. John Dill, Fort Gaines, Go.
I John C. Mangham, Greenville, Ga.
\ E. J. Wood Sc Cos. St. Joseph, Fior.
Nourse, Brooks Sc Cos. Apalachicola.
J. S. Yarbrough, Lumpkin, Stewart Cos.
Jas. Buchanan, Cuthbert, Randolph Cos.
WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD. j
The last Macon Messenger remarks:—“ It i
is probaly known to but few of our readers
that considerable progress has already been j
made in the work on that portion of the road j
extending from the Chattahoochee to the j
Tennessee rivers, generally known as the ;
“ Main Trunk.” For some months past the
work has been going on on a limited scale,
hut we believe that within the last month the
number oflaborers has been greatly increased,
probaly to a thousand or more. Proposals
are now offering’ by Col. Long, the
for the construction of about forty miles o*
the rout, to be commenced as early as May,
This, it will be recollected, will be a portion
of the Central Railroad.
“ We would remark, while on this subject,
that the road from Augusta, which will unite
with the above, is in a state of forwardness,
and the work carried on with great zeal and
energy. The stock has all been taken up,
and the road will soon be put under contract
—the old route by Athens is abandoned, and
it will be carried through Newton County,.
to, or near Covington, thence to the main l
irunk in De Kalb.
“ We trust that all interested in the welfare I
of our city, or the benefits to be derived from
the Central Railroad, will see the necessity of
being np and doing. Is it not high time that
public attention was directed to that- portion
of the road from Forsyth to the Chattahoo
chee? Unless we wish others to reap the
first fruits of the enterprise exclusively, and
permanently give a direction to the trade and
travel on these roads, we should not suffer
ourselves to he found lingering in the work,
while they are pursuing it with so much in
dustry. We say to our fellow citizens and
I all around us, it is time this matter was taken
| seriously in hand.”
Well, citizens of Columbus, wh.it do you
i say to the above? Are you determined to let
Savannah, Augusta, and Macon, undo you
forever? So there is no hope for the beautiful
ciiv of Columbus? Is her destiny written?
Really, it does seem so. Will no further ef
fort be made by her citizens to save them
selves and property? Oh, for shame! for
■ shame!
R A. C li* &.
j Over the Western Course, on Monday last ?
i the Annual Spring Meeting of our Jocky Club !
| commenced. The day was beautifully bright, j
; and without a cloud.
I “ The land-breere blew mild, and the azure arched sky, i
j Look'd |-u:e as the spirit that made it.”
The sports of the week began with a
sweepstakes for two vear olds,entrance $5200,
half forfeit; two mile heats; in which race
there were seven entries; of this number, how
ever, hut three of the entries were brought to
I the “scratch,” viz: Col. John Crowell’s imp.
| br. f. Miss Florida Hepburn, by Tramp, dam
| by Whisker; Judge A. Iverson’s s. c. Count
j Zaldivar, by Andrew, of Va. darn by Timo
! jeon, and Dr. Robt. W. Carnes’ c. c. Purler,
by Jackson, dam by Gallatin. The others
paid forfeit.
Unusual interest was felt in the race. The :
fact that a trial of “speed and game,” be- j
tween an imported English thorough-bred,;
and an American raise J thorough-bred, was j
to be contested, gave rise to high anticipa
tions of sport. It nflords ns pleasure to say |
that none were disappointed. It was cer
tainly the most interesting Colt race we ever;
witnessed, and the time “slap up” almost j
unprecedented for two year olds.
The contest was between the beautiful
Florida Hepburn, and the very gallant young
Count Zaldivar. Dr. Carnes’ Colt proving j
unmanageable in training, was distanced the!
first beat. At the tap of the drum they a!| j
got off well, Count Zaldivar leading, the S
English filly close up. Oh, it would have |
done you good to have seen these two beau- ,
tiful “young tilings” striding away as if they \
felt that all their future renown on the fate of j
that day and occasion was forever depending.
Nobly—nobly did they struggle—desperately j
and unyielding did they dispute every inch of j
ground. We are almost sorry to have to say
that ihe fust heat was won by the Count.
As both had contended for the heat, it was j
j evident that the American colt had the ‘fool’
|of the English filly. The game was now to
’ decide it—if the gallant young Count had a
flaw in his blood, Miss Florida Hepburn, in
the course of the next two miles, intended to
find if. After the usual period allowed, they
were again summoned to the trial, and after a
false start, got off as fierce as ever, the Count j
again leading. The whole of ihe last two
miles was contested ss r.oblv as the first, j
The untiring Miss Florida Kept close up, j
waiting for the looked for “cave in,” hut ihe
steel-like descendant of Andrew had r.o idea !
of a “ cave in,” but went right along, for he j
intended no doubt to settle the question, so
far as he was concerned, that imported nags
are not to be allowed to come over here, and
beat American raised nags on their own grit;
and so far as this trial went, it was decided j’
that an American raised Colt did beat an 1
English raised Colt, and that too in excellent
time and in very handsome style. It was
evident to all, that the Colt could have made
better lime, as he was never “ put up” during
the whole race, and ran hard in hand. He
is one of the most gallant and beautiful look
ing animals we ever saw, and gives promise
ot making a race horse of the first water.
The following is the order of Ihe race : ‘
Judge Iveson’s s. c. Count Zaldivar, 1 1 i
Col. Crowell’s imp. hr. f. Florida Hep
burn, 2 2
Dr. R. W. Carnes’ e. c. Pooler. dis. ,
First Day— mile heats— purse S3OO. I
Mr. G. Edmundson’sb. h. South
erner, 4 years old, by Bullock’s
Mucktejohn, out of the dam of
American Citizen, 2 11
Col. John Crowell’s br. colt, Gov.
Branch, 8 years old, by E
clipse, dam bv Shawnee, 12 2
Mr. A. Terry’s s. h. Doct. dis.
; Time, Ist heat, 1 55; 2d heat, 1 54; 3d
; heat, 2 02. Track in good order and well
attended.
! Second day—Two mile heats — Purse SSOO.
Col. John Crowell’s imp. br. filly,
Susan Dodge, 2 years old, by
Tramp, dam by Whisker, 1 1
Mr. G. Edmondson's s. m. lone,
4 years old, by John Rich
ards, dam by imp. Expedition, 2 2
Time, Ist heat, 3 53; 2d heat, 3 52.
A beautiful race. The English filly made up
in this race the loss of “expectation” on her
j sister, the beautiful and dangerous Miss Flor
-1 ida Hepburn. If Susan Dodge don’t “ crack’
J the reputation of the best “cracks” in the
! country, we’ll give it up.
We publish, to-day, the principal argu
ments urged against and for the Sub Treas
ury Bill, now pending in Congress. Looking
upon this bill as the most important measure
now before the American people, we feel it our
duty to furnish our readers with all the light
upon this interesting subject possible. The
fate of the bill is not yet decided. W e sin.
cerely regret to learn (and we think every
sincere friend of the bill will regret with us,)
that one of our Union Delegation, in Con
gress, it is feared, will vole against this bill-
We consider the question now fairly before
Congress, to be, a United States Bank, or
Sub Treasury Bill. If the latter falls to the
ground, then indeed is the South gone>
•rredeemablv gone! Give the North a
National Bank, and the South is lost forever!
We believe that no one can read the argu
j ments in reply to the objections urged against
j the bill, without feeling himself satisfied that
j there is no argument can weigh a feather
i against it. Lot every one who wishes infor
mation upon this subject read the article re
ferred to.
For the Sentinel and Herald.
THE STATE OF PARTIES IN GEORGIA.
It affords matter of curious interest, when
vve reflect on the winding course which the
present opposition party has pursued during
tiie la>t six >r seven years. Before the year
1830, and up to that time, this parly claimed,
and in fact had acted upon the principles < f
the republican school, at the bead of which
was Mr. Jefferson ; but viewing with jealousy
the increase of the then old Clark parly,
which carried out more thoroughly, and pla
ced more value on those sound democratic
principles of the Jeffersonian school, while al
the same time it was disposed to exercise the
! moderation and forbearance so happily re
-1 commended by Washington himself, in regard
! to the then exciting question of the day, the
j high Tariff system, the Troup party, (a
: large majority of which now compose tin
{present opposition,) determined to make a
| bold effort and a big hubbub , in order to in
j crease its forces, and soon an uproar was
kicked up through the Slate against what
they called the grievous oppressions of the
north, almost unparalleled in the history of
panics. “ Anti-tariff ” was the watch-word
of every dabbler in politics, the northern peo
ple were cursed into mincemeats, and eternal
vengeance was sworn against every Yankee
north of the Potomac. Homespun was the
order of the day, (which, by the bye, was a
very good order,) not, however, because they
desired to wear it, bat adopted as a mark of
opposition, saving by iheir acts that they
could do very well without the. north, and of
course would not care a straw about dividing
the Union. About this time South Carolina
gave second birth to the famous doctrines of
nullification , (it “being originally hatched at
the Hartford Convention,) which flew like
wildfire throughout Georgia. This doctrine,
which led immediately to a dissoluiion of the
Union, was seized upon, with few exceptions,
by the whole Troup party, and triumphantly
! proclaimed the rightful remedy. The history
j of its rise and fall is too well known for us
I now to repeat it. Assuming this new position
j this party soon became powerless. ‘l'hose
j consistent men who advocated the old Troup
l doctrines, could not he carried to such ex
| t rentes ; and as the party had deserted its old ;
! republican creed to follow the fates of nullifi
> cation, it was let go on in its wild career;
j hence the acquired strength of the old Clark
j party: always consistent and true to the old
I republican cause, it merged into the glorious
! doctrines of union, teaching it votaries patri
otic forbearance, with the noble design of
| perpetuating our proud national confederacy,
I as long as time shall last.
The nullification party now proclaimed
against all intercourse with the north what-
I ever; they declared the Yankees to he thieves
and robbers, not good enough even to he !
j hanged by the necks; and in their madness j
they even advocated a dissolution of the Union
as inevitable and desirable. Yet even then,!
amidst their wildness, they adhered to one!
sound position: Their opposition against the
constitutionality of the United States Bank]
; was persisted in until the recent panics of
ruin and desolation drove them from this po
sition, and forced them into the ranks of the
Federal Whig party, at the head of which
islands Daniel Webster and Henry Clav :
! And now we behold them in opposition to
nullification , state rights and democracy , hand
j in hand with those whom they once so bitterly
| abused, and yi whose company we find the
abolitionists, in hearty ro-operation against
the measures of the administration and the
republican cause, the advocates of a United
;States Bank, and friends and allies of the
high Tariff advocates. Such is the position
of the opposition party in Georgia.
A REPUBLICAN.
For the Sentinel and Herald.
PRESERVATIVE AGAINST SCARLET
FEVER.
WITH REMARKS, ETC.
Since this disease still continues to make its
appearance in different directions, and under
; such circumstances as induce us to believe
that it may possibly prevail more abundantly,
1 originating as it does from a predisposing at
mospherical influence,we have thought proper
io give the following results of the use of Bel
ladonna, as a preservative against the attacks
of this most dangerous epidemic. We offer
no apology in doing so. Nothing should be
left untried that promises the least hope of
shielding our innocent otlsprmg rom the in
vasions of this fatal scourge, or oi mitigating
I,B The Ger'riiarr Physicians declare this pro
phylactic against the attacks o! scarlatina to
be’ not less potent in its influence Rian the
vaccine matter in small pox, the only diflu
ence existing in the permanency of these in
fluences, that of the loaner operating only
during its use. It seems that many who l ‘“ d
prescribed it, had not kept any account of he
number of patients they had attended, but
among those who had kept an -account, it
appears that during more or less violent epi
demics of scarlatina, out of the number ot
2027 children and adults who had used the
preservative, only 79 were affected with the
disease. , .
Hufeland and Schenk, who, of 510 subjects,
subjected to this preservative, (bund tinea
only affected with Scarletina ; Cumper, who,
of forty-eight, had only two; Berndt, who. ot
one hundred and ninety-five, had fourteen ;
Behr, who, of forty-seven, had six ; Yelsen,
who, of two hundred and forty-seven, had
thirteen. Huleland asserts “ that in his own
practice, he had not seen a single subject,
whom he had treated, attacked with the dis
ease.” Dr. Mm beck asserts “ that for seven
years he has employed, always with equal
success, this preservative. When the disease
manifested itself in any house, either sporadi
cally or consequent an epidemic influence, he
administered it to every one threatened with
contagion, taking care to make them continue
its use to the complete desquamation of the
patients affected. He had recourse to it in
families where the disease had not yet maui-*
fested itself, and that all who, during the
space of seven years, have been subjected by
him to the use of this preservative, were ex
empted from the scarlet fever.”
Dr. Dusterberg, of Warburg, “ has admi
nistered this preservative with such success,
that during three consecutive epidemics of
Scarlatina, he looked upon it to be as efficn
cious as vaccine matter in small-pox.” HiV
experiments were very conclusive. He se
lected in each family submitted to treatment,
one child, to whom the preservative in ques
tion was not given, and all the children thus
exempted from its use were affected by the
contagion.
Dr!. Yelsen, of Cleves, “among two hun
dred and forty-seven persons who made use
of the preservative, had only thirteen who
contracted Scarlatina, to wit, four children
who used the remedy several weeks, though
irregularly, one child who look it regularly
fourteen days, another eight days, and seven
who had ial.en it only during forty-eight
hours ” Dr. V. conus to the following con
clusions :
‘l. That this remedy is a preventative
against Scarlatina in n great majority of cases.
2. That the disease is milder in those who
have made use of it.
3. That when administered in the doses
pointed out, the remedy is attended with no
danger, ml consequently there can he I tile
or no inconvenience in living it a lair trial
M. Ibrelisle, a physician of Metz, informs
ns that “he has seen twelve children preser
ved, bv this remedy, from Scarlatina, which
bad attacked two ‘hundred and six others, in
the midst of idiom the twelve protected ones
resided.”
M. Friesto, “who observed an epidemic of
scarlet fever in the village of Ite.mling, Can
lon of Scierck, See, during the mouths of De
cember 1828 and January 1829, derived great
advantage from this preventative means.—
The mortality here was very great, since out
of one hundred patients, r.o less than cighty
tliree died. At this time the preservative
was given to twenty-lwo individuals, who,
although they both resided and slept with
those afficted with the disease, were not
attacked.” “ Four children,” lie continues,
“ living in two bouses where there were per
sons laboring under the malady, did not take
the preservative, whilst in one of these houses
three others took it regularly every oilier day.
Tiie limr children who had not the benefit of
the preservative, became affected with Scar
lelitia, and what is very remarkable, not one
of the other three, though they were equally’
exposed to tiie contagion, became ill.” “I
could,” adds this physician, “cite many oilier
similar examples which were followed with
the same results: And now I never hesitate,
in my rounds from house to house, to carry
with me my remedy, being well assured that
I can always arrest the epidemic.”
Such are Ihe recorded facts of able and
experienced foreign physiciat s. As yet we
have no account of the use of this [trophy
lactic. in the United Slates, nor do we believe
that any trial has been made of its virtues in
l his respect. Yet from the results already
given, we think it has high claims upon the
profession. We do not hesitate to declare as
our decided belief, that when it shall have
been well tested, it will fully sustain the high
character guarantied to it by the foregoing
experiments.
We should he pleased were we able to find
a treatment for Scarlatina, offering so much
hope of success in its cure, and on such satis
factory experience, as in ihe means offered as
a preservative; but in this expectation, front
all the lights which we have been able to
gather on the subject, we shall yet have to
submit to the most mortifying disappointment,
i rendered almost provoking, from the obsti
nacy with which this disease seems to resist
and bailie all the means resorted to for its
cure. Wh ere, then, are vve to look for those
bidden mysteries which seem to exercise such
powerful influences in resisting the very best
medical skill, arid hurries the disease on to its
fatal termination, with as much force and
certainty as though a remedial agent had
never been interposed to check its progressive
violence? All (lie various plans of treatment
so highly extolled, whether of a depleting,
refrigerant, or stimulating nature, have suc
cessively failed in the violent forms of Scar
latina, and left the physician to ponder over
the impotency of his remedies, and the falli
bility of his art. Shall we then give up lids
disease as incurable, whenever it may present
itself in those violent forms in which it some
times sweeps off almost whole families? We
think not. Although medical experience has
not yet presented us with a safe and settled
plan of treatment, with which we may at
once meet and vanquish it, vet there is no
I good reason why it may not he treated on
correct, medical principles, with ns much pros
pect of relief as human art and skill are capa
ble of promising, as well in this as in ali other
maladies. We are of opinion, however, that
there can he no settled or specific plan of
treatment, for this disease, successfully adopt
ed, for the very best reason, that its constitu
tion, like-that ot all other epidemics, although
its specific marks may be retained, has its
periods of rotation, ai.d consequently requires
| a rotation or change of its treatment; hence,
at some periods, the depleting and refrigerant
plan of treatment may be resorted to with the
best advantage, and at other periods again
the stimulating plan alone can be employed
with any prospect of success, depletion being
at such periods attended with the worst
sequences. The object of the physician, then,
is to inform himself of the character of the
epidemic, whenever it presents itself, and to
proceed cautiously in his remedies, until he
shall have fully investigated the nature of its
constitution; this done, he can have but little
inconvenience afterwards in meeting the dis
ease promptly and boldly, for the same plan
of treatment, more or less modified, will be
essential in all the cases which may come
under his care.
In speaking of the stimulating planfof treat
ment which was pursued in Scsrletina in
1801-2, Dr. Graves remarks: “ft is argued
that had the cases, which proved fiital at that
period, been treated hy copious depletion in