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From the Richmond Enquirer.
REPUBLICANS—TO YOUR POST!
New Jersey is in motion. r i he \\ bigs
have attempted to prostrate the rights of the
People, and returned a ticket of members to
Congress, who have a minority ol the votes.
The outrage will bring the antidote with it. i
The Republicans are rising in the majority ot
their strength ; and will in all probability car
ry the State. They have come to the res
cue—and the multitude and energy oi the
Delegates, who attended the Republican Con
vention at Trenton on the 7th instant, are
but the precursors of their victory. liie
Trenton Emporium says:
‘ Most cordially have the free and indepen
dent voters of this State, responded to the
call of the Democratic members of the Le
gislnture. In I lie depth oi winter, with bcid >
roads, and a threatening storm, (for suel. |
were the indications of the atmosphere on
Monday) when hundreds of the delegates
set out from their homes, the usurpations ol
those in power have called together the largest
assembly of freemen witnessed in Trenton
since the memorable battle of December,
177 G. The spirit of that hallowed day came
with the multitude. A deep sense of wrong,
and a firm determination to resist the usur
pations of power at every pass and all ha
zards, seemed to fill the heart of every dele
gate. On Monday evening, the delegates
then in town, numbering about 500, assem
bled at the State House, to transact some
preliminary business. Gen. Isaac G. Farlee,
was called to the Chair, and Thos. E. Combes,
Esq., of the House of Assembly, appointed
Secretary. The meeting was addressed, in
an animated manner, by Joseph C. Potts,
Esq.; nnd, also, by Thomas S. Bell, Esq., a
member of the Pennsylvania Senate. The
latter gentleman depicted, with biting sar
pastn, the late events lie had witnessed at
Harrisburg; holding up to derision, scorn,
nnd contempt, the 4 buckshot and ball’ admin
istration of the imbecile Ilitner. On Tues
day morning, after the arrival of the cars,
the city was literally thronged. So many
men —intelligent men—wronged, but deter
mined men —never before had we seen. All
classes in society were here; the rich, the
comfortable, and the poor—all professions:
clergymen, lawyers, and physicians—all call
ings in life ; farmers, mechanics, manufactur
ers, and working men, the bone and sinew of
the country—all ages, from the hoary-headed
6ires of the Revolution, whose emaciated
forms looked as though they had started from
their quiet graves, at the well known alarm
of the tocsin*Df freedom, to their great grand
sons, who came to emulate the deeds of their
gallant sires. Truly, it was a gathering for
usurpers to look upon and tremble. At ten
o’clock, the Convention assembled at ihe
State House; but no room in that spacious
building would contain the half of 1 hem.
Having temporarily organized, the Conven
tion adjourned to the Presbyterian Church:
but even here, hundreds could not gain ad
mittance.’
Virginia too may soon be expected to move.
The People are awakening; and they only
wait the new movement of the Whigs to
rouse them imo the most energetic action.
Should they but throw their votes upon Mr.
Rives, for the purpose of claiming a Whig
triumph, and with the hope of dividing the
Republican party, a train is fired which will
rouse the whole State. Every Republican
will then fly to arms. Already a Convention
is spoken of, of the Republican party, to take
place in the month of March, during the ses
sion of the Legislature—Measures must he,
will be, adopted to unite the Republican par
ty ; to rally them under their ancient banners ;
to rouse the People; and to carry ihe State
at the Spring election. Union and Energy
must become our watchwords. We must
not affiliate with the Whigs; hut preserve
our old separate organization ; and go fur
our own, old, Republican party. The time
is rapidly coming, when we must be up and
a doing.
The struggle is to become more keen than
ever. As the Presidential Election approach
es, the Whigs will be more active, violent and
determined. We arc sorry to see them so
reckless in their means. In New Jersey, they
have choused the Republicans of their Con
gressional Delegation. At Harrisburg, they
have attempted to sap the first principle of
the Republic, the will of ihe majority—and
by cheating the county of Philadelphia of her
Representatives, to usurp for a time the ma
jority of the Legislature, and then foist a
Whig Senator upon the Senate of the United
States. In Delaware, they have availed
themselves of the most ridiculous subterfuge,
which would have disgraced the most con
temptible School of Sophists—in order to de
feat the election of a Republican Senator.
In Virginia, they are about to poach upon
our Manor, and intrude into our ranks for
another Senator of the United States. They ,
who sometimes boast of all the talents, talk
of abandoning all their own Leaders, and
coming into the Republican Ranks for a can
didate. And can their purposes lie mistaken?
They admit, that it is difficult for them to
elect a man of their own, and conceive their
policy to consist in adopting a few of the
Republican votes, for the purpose of carry
ing a candidate, without the votes, and whose
success, under such circumstances, will be
against the wishes of the Republican parlv.
Should this act of policy be consummated,
the Republicans must arouse at once, and
strike for safety and success, before the en
lightened people of Virginia. There is no
other resource, but union and energy, to save
the Republican party. They must appeal to
the People.
Il is sufficiently galling to see the spectacle
before us. At the last Spring Elections we
claimed a tie—perhaps a majority of 2—and
now we have a majority of 2 or 4, if we use
it properly—and here the Whigs talk of heat
ing us, and carrying the day. Nay, they
avow it in the face of the multitude, and in
the Hail of Delegates. One of their most
distinguished leaders declared on Thursday,
‘that if the party with which he acted, were
defeated, it would only he for want of saga
city and statesmanlike managementSaga
citif and management! Another lankily said
out that 4 They had the power, and he would
not lose it madly. All they wanted, was the
yielding of individual preferences. If we
iiaite, victory is ours.’ Republicans! how is
this? will you be beaten by your own divis
ions ?
Yet, gentlemen Whigs, there ‘ is many n
slip hefVveen the cup and the lip.’ There is
one very distinguished man who has but to
lift his lit tie finder, and he dissipates all your
calculations. Would that he would do it—
and secure a reputation which the most am
bitious might envy. But, disorder, too, is
the Order of the day. If we are split up, so
are the Whigs. The last Norfolk Herald
counts the Legislature thus—S3 Whigs—Cl
\an Buren—22 Conservatives. Is the body
°f the htgs snre , that they can take all the
M higs with them. Will all the Conserva
tives go with them? We wot not—though
we have made no calculation, and under prt
sent circumstances keep aloof from the field
of action. But we Jiave some sagacious cal
culators, who say, that they deem it proba
ble there will be no election at all—that some
of the Wings wdl never go to Mr. Rives—
and some ot the Conservatives will never
leave him—but that there will be a majority
to elect no one, perhaps. But tee shall see. ‘
MaDF.itx Definition's.— . Marriage. The
gate through which the happy lover leaves
iiis enchanted visions and returns to earth.
Jury. —Twelve prisoners in a box to try
one or more at a bar.
Young Attorney. —A useless member of
society, who often goes where he has no bu- j
siness to be, because he has no business where j
he ought to be. i
From tho New York Express, Jan. 19.
FOUR DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE.
The packet ship Albany, Capt. Johnston,
came up last night, having sa.leii from Havre
on the 19ih till. By her the editors of the
New York Express are put in possession of
Havre papers to the day ol sailing, and Fans
1 1„ jjj(. evening *’f the 18th December, con
taining four days later news from all pa rts of
ihe Continent, and one day later from Lon
don. The news i3 of more than usual inter
est.* We give the speech of the King of the
French enure. It is as usual short. France
is at peace with all the world—Mexico ex
cepted. Her African colonies were strength
ened ; and finances improved. The affairs
of Belgium and Holland were still unsettled.
The French funds at Paris were higher; Mo
ney was plenty. The News from England
is not important, the principal topic of discus
sion being the Torch Light Meetings as they
are called, in the dillerent manufacturing
towns, and the proclamation of the Queen
prohibiting the same. We see no change
in the English or American Funds.
The Sardinian Government, according to
a report mentioned by the Garde National of
Marseilles, is about to conclude a commercial
treaty with the United States.
FRANCE.
Paris, December 18, 1838.
THE KING'S SPEECH.
*[Gentlemen of the Chamber of Peers and
of the Chamber of Deputies :
, Since your last session the prosperity of
France has been but increased; the repose
which she enjoys lias been but consolidated.
4 lt is gratifying to me in finding myself
again in the midst of you, to have but to de
mand your support for still farther improving
a general situation which is already so fa
vourable.
4 My relations with foreign Powers are
still as satisfactory as ever; France occupies
the rank which belongs to her in the esteem
of her allies, and in that of the whole world.
4 The conferences have been resumed in
London on the affairs of Belgium and Hol
land. I entertain no doubt that they will
have a speedy and pacific issue, by giving a
new guarantee to the independence of Bel
gium, and to the repose of Europe.
‘ln Italy the Austrian troops have quitted
the Roman States. Conformably to the con
vention made with the Holy See, our troops
have evacuated Ancona. The military oc
cupation has ceased in the States in whose
independence France is so highly interested.
‘Spain is still a prey to the same convul
sions, the same misfortunes. We continue
to execute with our allies all the clauses of the
treaty of the Quadruple alliance. The
Queen Regent’s Goverment has not ceased
to receive from us not only the assistance to
which we are bound bv treaties, but moreo
ver all the support which the interest of
France permitted us to give it.
‘I trust that our differences with Mexico
and the Argentine Repulic are approaching
their termination. Fresh naval forces, which
recently sailed from our ports, are at this mo
ment before Vera Cruz, and are going to ob
tain from the Mexican Government the justice
and the protection which have been so long
demanded bv our commercial interests.
In Africa, Gentlemen, the perseverance of
our sacrifices finds its recompense. The re
port which will be placed under your eyes will
prove to you that your confidence “in the
views of my Government has not been de
ceived. Peace has not been interupted this
year; our position is being daily consolidated
and improved. In the provinces of Constan
tins and A'giers operations skilfully and pru
dently directed, have given to our establish
ments the extensions of territory indispensi
lile to their security or their prosperity. On
every point ihe natives respect the authority
of France, and unhesitatingly obey a regular
and an equitable administration. The crea
tion of the Bishoprick of Algiers is anew
pledge for the stability of our possession.
‘The state of our finances has become
more and more prosperous. The progressive
and constant increase of the public revenue
attests the happy development of the national
wealth, and tfie prosperity enjoyed by -all clas
ses of the population. It is true that some
interests suffer, and demand all the attention
of my Government. From the commence
ment of your labors, arrangements shall be
submitted to you relative lo the situation of
our colonies, and the wants of our navigation.
‘ You will also have to occupy’ vourselves
with different bills, having for their object to
satisfy the object of the Charter, to improve
the general state of the legislation, and to in
troduce ameliorations into various branches of
the|public administration.
‘ Gentlemen, my heart is still affected by the
marks of interest which I received from the
whole of France at the period of an event
which has fulfilled all my wishes. The birth
of the Count de Paris was the greatest conso
lation which heaven could grant me.
‘ Mv grandson will be educated as his father
has been, in Ihe respect due to our institu
tions, and in that devotion lo France, of which
my entire family will never cease to set him
an example, i have felt desirous that a sol
emn occasion might assemble you round his
cradle, and that religion might bless in the
midst of you that child who belongs entirely
to the country. (Cries of Vive le Roi.)
‘ Gentlemen, the flourishing state of our
country, on which I have congratulated my
seli with you, is due to the constant support
the Chambers have given me for the las! eight
years, and to Ihe perfect unanimity of the
great powers of the state. Let us not forget
there lies our strength. May that unanimity
become daily more complete and more unal
terable; may the working of our institutions,
at once free and regular prove to the world
that a constitutional monarchy may combine
with the blessings of liberty the stability which
forms the strength of states!’
England. —We regret to learn that though
wheat may now be imported free of duty,
there is scarcely any to bring in. The Baltic
and F.ibe are of course closed against us, and
we aprehend that nearly ail we can get from
the Black Sea has already been obtained, or
is on its wav hither. Many of the countries
on the Mediterranean obtain a supply from
that quarter, and it enhances our apprehen
sions to learn to-da v that the general scarcity
affects Sicily and Naples, from which expor
tation has -been prohibited. It will afford our
readers no pleasure to learn, from other coun
tridk being as badly off’as England, that they
cannot supply her.— London Sun.
Spain. —The Madrid papers of the 10th ult.
have come to hand. The Gazette contains
the Royal decrees appointing the members
of the new Ministry as follows:—President of
the Council, and Minister for Foreign Affairs,
M. Evariste Perez de Castro, who is repre
sented as a capable man, and well versed in
diplomatic affairs. Heet present fills ihe
post of Spanish Ambassador at Lisbon. The
Minister of the Finances is M. Piz.arro, who,
in concert with the Minister of War, Gen.
Alaix, is likely to direct all the affairs of the
Cabinet. The new Minister of ihe Interior,
is M. Hoinpanera. M. Arrazola has been
named Minister of Justice. Admiral Chacon
is at the head of the Marine Department. —
At present all is conjecture as to the course of
i policy likely to lie adopted by the new minis
try, but it is generally supposed that its mens-
I ures will he energelicif thwarted by a strong
1 opposition in the Chamber.
A report published on the evening of the
at \ alencia, announces the defeat and
complete destruction of a Carlist band of 200
I men by some mobilized Christine columns in
the village of Ci:ova. The whole of the par
ty were killed, with, the exception of five men
who were taken prisoners, and three who es
, capo | into the mountains. A quantity of
} mnsttefs, several papers, and other objects,
lieu into the hands of the Christines.
From tb” Augusta Constitutionalist.
FREE BANKING.
RtTX.ES AND REGULATIONS OF THE COMPTROLLER
AND COMMISSIONERS.
Extract from their Minutes.
Resolved , That for the information of per
sons desiring to establish Banking institutions
under the law ‘to authorize the business of
Banking and regulate ihe same,’ the following
rules and regulations be published, viz:
Rule I. Persons or associations intending
to commence the business of Banking, under
said act, will be required to depositc with the
Comptroller and Commissioners, funds for the
procurement of the printed bills intended for
circulation as money, and for defraying other
expenses to be incurred. (See sections 1
and 15.)
Rule 11. Bonds and morgages intended to
be assigned to the Comptroller and Commis
sioners, will be made to the persons or asso
ciations applying for the benefit of the act, for
an amount equal to the appraised value of
the property,and bonds and mortgages made
to other persons than those applying, may be
transferred to such persons or associations,and
by them assigned to the Comptroller and
Commissioners; the bonds to fie made pay
able one day after date, bearing interest at
the rate of six per cent, per annum. The
property mortgaged to be free of every incum
brance, and to 1 he within the State. The
Comptroller and Commissioners will deliver
lo the person or associations applying, bills for
circulation, amounting to one-half the ap
prised value of the lands mortgaged, and for
bonds and mortgages on town property and
slaves an amount of bills equal to one-fourth
of their value will be delivered. (See sections
7 and 8.)
Rule 111. The valuation of lands, town
property and slaves, will be made by three or
more disinterested persons, to be appointed
by the Comptroller and Commissioners, lands
to he valued independently of the buildings
thereon, and in all instances the property to
be appraised according to its cash value;
such appraisement to be made under oath,
endorsed on, or attached to the mortgages,
subscribed by the valuing agents, and attested
by a judicial officer of this State. The Comp
troller and Commissioners will exercise tlie
right to institute further enquiry as to the val
ue, if considered necessary. (See section 8.)
Rule IV. The evidences of title lo prop
erty mortgaged, shall be submitted to the
Comptroller and Commissioners. In regard
to titles to personal property, proof of posses
sion and unconlested ownership, together
with conveyances to the same, if in existence,
wifi be required. In any case when property
either real or personal is valued, the oath of
the valuing agents that they know of no lien,
deficiancy, or dispute as to the title; also, the
oath of tlie mortgager, that he knows of no
defect or dispute in his title, and that he has
no knowledge of the existence of any previ
eus mortgage or lien on the property, will be
required. (See section 8.)
Rule V. Certificates of the Clerks and
Magistrates of the several courts of the coun
ties and districts where the mortgager has
resided for the last seven years, will be re
quired, showing that there were no mortga
ges, other liens, or judgments, remaining un
satisfied in said courts, or elsewhere, within
their knowledge, against said mortgager, at
the time of the execution of said mortgage.
(See section 8.)
Rule VI. Mortgages must be recorded in
the county where the lands lie, and also in
the county where the mortgager resides, and
be so certified by the clerks of the superior
courts of such counties. (See section 28.)
Ordered, That the foregoing Rules and
Regulations be. published in the Federal Un
ion and Southern Recorder.
JOHN G. PARK,
Comptroller General.
CHARLES D. HAMMOND.
EENJAMIN A. WHITE.
Commissioners.
From the Macon Messenger.
GEORGIA FEMALE COLLEGE.
This Institution seems to have opened with
the most flattering prospects. During the
two first weeks, one hundred and thirty-one
pupils were received—Bß in the College clas
ses, and 43 in the primary department. Tfcje
present (which is the third week) several have
been received each day.
Three classes are formed, called first, sec
ond and Junior. The Faculty deem it inex
pedient to admit any into the Senior class
until the beginning of the collegiate year, in
Oct. next.
The present prosperity of the College, has
surpassed our most sanguine expectations,
and is we trust, but an earnest of its future
operations. The number of pupils manifests
the interest which exists through the State
for its success. It is now very certain, that
there will be more than a hundred in the col
legiate department.
We feel assured,that no school in our State,
affords equal advantages for the improve
ment of young Ladies. The same duties
which in most schools, devolve on one or two
teachers, are here divided among a Facully
of able and efficient Instructors, some of whom
are gentlemen oflong experience in teaching.
We are satisfied that solid instruction will
not be neglected, for that which is only showy
and fashionable.
High hopes are excited in our community
of its surces, and we trust are not confined
to the locality of the College. We r.re led to
hope that it may yet be the pride of Georgia,
and a Pioneer in a system of Female Educa
tion, that here has its loundation and origin—
which system, and nothing short of which,
would correspond with the improvements of
the present age of the world.
From tho (Express slip) N. Y. Express, Jan. 20.
From Albany. —A letter from a well inform
ed Van Buren man states to us, that the re
election of Mr. Talmadge to the Senate, will
not be permitted by the Senators.
Re-election of Daniel Webster. —Mr. Web
ster was re-elected to the United States Sen
ate by the House of Representatives of Mas
sachusetts yesterday. The vote stood—
Daniel Webster S3O
B. F. Hallett IGS
Scattering 3
In the Senate the vote was,
Daniel Webster 34
B. F. Hallett 3
Lower Canada. —The Montreal Herald ot
the 15th says, sentence of death was last
evening officially communicated to eight of
the State prisoners at present incarcreated in
the gaol of this city. The five following,
viz: Pierre Theophile Deeoigne, (Notary ;)
Ambrnise Sanguinet, Charles Sanguine),
(brothers ;) Fraucoise Xavier Hamelin, other
wise called Petit Hameiin, and Joseph Rob
ert, (captain.) will be executed on Friday
next. The four last named were convicted
of the murder of the late Mr. Walker. Cap
tain Morin is one of the three others to whom
a knowledge of their awaiting fate was im
parted.
Sir Joflh Colburn was to be installed in the
government of British North America on
Wednesday last.
From the New Orleans Commercial Bulletin.
TEXAS AND FRANCE.
The fact has been generally known for
some time, that negotiations were on foot to
effect a commercial Ireatv between France
and Texas. The difficulties with Mexico,
no doubt,have contributed to hasten the event,
bv influencing the inclination of the French
cabinet for the arrangement. We were not
surprised, therefore, to sec it announced in the
N. Y. Evening Star, that the Texian repre
sentative, Gen. Henderson, had concluded a
treaty whereby the {torts of Texas and j
France were opened to the vessels ar_d‘
commerce of each other. This corrrmercial
convention may be regarded as tantamount
to a recognition of the independence of Tex
as. A similar arrangement had been previ
ously effected with Great Britain ; so that the
claims of our sister republic to rank among
the nations tire now placed beyond question.
| Hereafter nothing can impede her advance
ment to the respectability and magnitude of
a great state, but a lack of energy and enter
prise on the part of the government or citi
zens, of which, under benign and vigorous
republican institutions, there is no danger.
SENTINEL & HERALD.
colu.mbus, January so, iss9.
During the approaching session of the Su
perior Court in all the counties of the Chat
tahoochee Circuit, the agent of the Sentinel
and Herald, Mr. J. R. Haughton, will attend
fi>r the purpose of settlement.
TIIE CAUSE OF DEMOCRACY.
The tendency of the present age, as well
in this country as throughout enlightened
Christendom, is evidently favorable to the
cause of democratic principles. The pro
gress of these principles may be for a time
temporarily injured or thwarted, but only
temporarily. The great and fundamental
doctrine, having for its object an equal distri
bution of the blessings and burthens of go
vernment, is evidently and rapidly gaining
ground. Though it may not be made yet
manifest, by any striking demonstrations of
popular will, as told at the ballot box, yet
the tendency of society, and the genius of the
age, is that way. It is especially demon
strated in this country by the general abhor
rence which is beginning every where to he
felt for exclusive privileges, by legislation, in
many of the states, and especially in this and
in New York, having for its object the break
ing up, or at least crippling, the operations of
that complicated system of ! rgalised fraud,
which lias been so ingenious j contrived and
so successfully resorted to, i order to raise
up and establish privileged t • and non-producing
orders of society. The struggle so far,
against the influence of combined and united
wealth, leading on to the contest its trained
tltousands, penetrating and exerting its influ*
ence in and over all the avenues and sinuo
sities of society, lias been a tremendous
and fearful struggle; but so far we have
no cause to despair of ultimate and complete
success. The great doctrine of the univer
sality of man’s political rights entered the
lists single handed against this immense pow
er, relying solely upon the purity and cor
rectness of principles, the adaptation of its
theory to the wants and happiness of man,
appealing to the great masses of the people,
and most nobly has she sustained herself. —
The battle when fully fought, the victory
when fully won, will be one of the most im
portant achievements since the memorable
revolution of ’9B. It will be indeed but the
literal carrying out of the great principles
conceived, if not fully established, by the tri
umphs of the republicans of that day.
Mind, untrammeled and immortal mind,
has ever been favorable to the cause of man’s
freedom. Its exertions ore not relaxing, but
with a strong and steady wing its progress is
still onward in Ibis great cause, and its
achievements are almost every day and hour
felt.
All contrivances of government, creating
distinctions and exclusive classes of society,
are artificial and the offsprings of tyranny
and oppression—they are at war with the
great and fundamental laws of nature, which
recognises no distinctions but those created
by the different degrees of intellectual capa
city with which the God of nature has been
pleased to endow his creatures. Hence it is
that the democratic cause has ever found a
ready response in the heart of man ; and the
shackels and trammels by which he has ever
been surrounded, being fast falling off, we
have reason to hope that the day is not re
mote when the truths of universal equality
will not only be acknowledged but universally
practised upon. An excess of legislation has
so far tended much to impede the progress ol
these principles. Almost every artificial con
trivance, having no foundation in the laws of
nature, relying upon the supposed necessities
of society, have been departures from the
great principles of truth and legitimate policy.
They have tended to complicate rights and
duties, imposing burthens, and making that
mysterious and difficult, which was before
plain and palpable. ‘The world is governed
too much but happily for the cause of free
dom, we have reason to believe that this
tendency too is giving way.
FEDERALISM.
In every stage of our political history, from
the adoption of the Federal Constitution down
to the present day, the Federalists have man
ifested the most restless dissatisfaction with
the institutions of the country. The germ of
this high toned faction was found in that
Convention, and though then thwarted by
the stern democracy of the day, being una
ble to form, as they wished, one splendid Cen
tra! Government, in which the rights of the
States would have been most effectually merg
ed, they never lost sight of their darling ob
ject. In the whole history of tire country,
from that day to this, they have continued to
exhibit the strongest marks of discontent.
When they first came effectually into power,
under the elder Adams, the first, or amongst
the first of their labors, was the passage of
the alien and sedition law. The stern and
unyielding voice of the nation, in four years
thereafter, drove them from power, and Mr.
Jefferson came into the Presidential Chair.
Their first efforts then were to traduce and
vilify every measure of the Government,
charging it, and all concerned in its adminis
tration, with the basest and most profligate
corruption. In ISOS, the complaints of their
merchants were loud, unmeasured and v n
dictive against the administration of Mr.
Jefferson, because war was not declared
against Great Britain, for her depredations:
upon our nutral trade with France. Meet-:
ings were held in Boston, Salem, and in va-|
rious other sections of the country, where !
Federalism reigned triumphant, complaining 1
in the bitterest terms of these depredations,!
and calling upon the Administration to de- ;
fend its insulted honor. But ‘ a change came
o’er the spirit of their dream and we find j
them shortly after, denouncing in terms equal- j
ly bitter and unmeasured, the Administration
of Mr. Madison and his friends, because war i
had been declared against Great Britain for
the very same Character of depredations up
on our commerce, of which they hail before
so much complained. Now we find them
taking sides with, and justiiving Great Bri
tain in ail her spoliations, and ultimately as
sembling together, in solemn Convention, to
.break up and destroy the Union, because the
Republicans had then done the very thing
which, but a few short years before, they
had so strongly recommended, and to the
doing which they tlien declared the honor oi
the nation pledged. 1
The same indomitable and mischievous ii
spirit is yet busily at work ; and having lost
all hop*:*? of success by lair and open can
vassing of its principles, it seeks now to car
ry them into effect by the aid of tint power
which the great high Priest (Hamilton) of
the party succeeded in fastening upon the
country at the very commencement of the
Constitution. The germ of a mighty moni
ed power was then laid hv the Secretary of
the Treasury ; since that time it has contin
ued to grow and spread itself with appalling
and fearful celerity. It has succeeded in
bringing to its aid, by the most unparalleled
corruption, all the various fragments of par
ties—it has enlisted under its banner, from
time to time, the disappointed aspirants and
renegades from the Democratic party —it has
succeeded in controlling to its purposes a
large portion of the public press, and no in
considerable portion of the first talent of the
country, and is at last fairly in the field as a
political partizan, making war upon our dear
est rights; branding those who have yet the
firmness left to oppose its advances, with ail
the vilest epithets furnished by the Billings
gate vocabulary. With every change in our
political condition, they change the issue,
if possible, keeping in view only one object,
and that is, opposition to the Government as
administered by the Democrats.
THE VALUE OF THE UNION.
‘The very mention of a disunion of these
states, is a great public injury. It goes to
unhinge the tone of the public mind. It
makes men acquainted with the possibility of
the thing, and once admitted into their breast
they will not contemplate it with that abhor
rence in which it ought to be held by every
true ’patriot.’ —John Randolph.
‘ I consider, then, the power to annul a law
of the United States, as assumed by one
state, incompatible with the existence of the
Union ; contradicted expressly by the letter of
the Constitution; unauthorised by its spirit;
inconsistent with every principle on which it
was founded, and destructive of the great ob
ject for which it teas formed.’
‘ We have received it (the Constitution of
the United Slates) as the work of the assem
bled wisdom of tlie nation. We have trusted
it as the sheet anchor of our safety in the
stormy times of conflict with a foreign or do
mestic foe. We have looked to it with sa
cred awe, as the palladium of our liberties ;
and with all the solemnities of religion have
pledged to each other our lives and fortunes
here, and our hopes of happiness hereafter, in
its defence and support. Were we mista
ken, niv countrymen, in attaching this im
portance to the Constitution of our coun
try ?’— Jackson.
The patriot who loves his country ; who
delights in her happiness at home, her pow
er and consideration abroad, cannot too often
call his mind to reflect upon the genius and
features of that government, which has se
cured to its citizens such a high degree of
individual and national felicity. The ele
ments thus combining and uniting for this
great purpose, we should be ever ready to
weigh, analyze and appreciate, in order that
we may cherish the principles upon which
our hopes are founded and from which our
political existence emanates. Nor should
we be prone to abandon such reflections be
cause they have become trite and common
from having been often heard and indulged.
Like the sublime truth of a rational morality,
or the more sublime maxims of religion, they
should ever animate our bosoms and-give
tone to our feelings and actions. It is not
alone the duty of an American citizen to ve
nerate and cherish the institutions of his
country, but it is a high and an imperative
duty resting upon him, to render to those In
stitutions effective aid, by repelling any inva
sion of them, whether such invasion be the
offspring of open and avowed force, or the
insiduous and equally dangerous assaults ol
political doctrines at war with their princi
ples and perpetuity.
Perhaps no consideration can more pow
erfully urge us to the performance of our
duty in this respect, than often indulging in
reflections in relation to the value and impor
tance of our Federal Union. Amongst other
important considerations lending to illustrate
its value, may be enumerated (lie following :
‘United, America can afford to her citizens
greater protection against foreign enemies ;
she can give a wider range to enterprise and
commerce; she can secure more thoroughly
national independence to all the great inter
ests of society, agriculture, commerce, manu
factures, literature, learning and religion ; she
can administer justice more completely and
perfectly ; she can command larger revenues
for public objects without oppression or hea
vy taxation ; she can economise more in all
her internal arrangements when necessary.’
This is but a brief enumeration of the bles
sings of the Union. If we cast our eves over
the history of the past, even from the earliest
settlement of the colonies down to the pre
sent day, we shall find first, that we are in
debted for our national independence to a
union of the colonies, founded as it was both
upon inclination and necessity ; secondly, that
to that union, which was formed and made
more perfect by our glorious Constitution,
we are indebted for a degree of national and
individual happiness, prosperity and conside
! ration never before equalled in any country,
by the blessings of union and a free Con
slitution, in little more than half a century,
confederated America has risen from com
parative obscurity to be one amongst the
greatest nations upon earth. Her intelli
gence and enterprise is felt and acknow
ledged throughout the earth ; her commerce
whitening 1 every sea ; her flag commanding
respect in every clime. Deeply mindful of
the blessings which would flow from this Un
ion, the wisest and the greatest of our coun
trymen have from time to time admonished us
to cherish it. Amongst the first lessons that
the American patriot has taught his children, !
has been a holy reverence for the Union.
The last warning voice of the tried and faith-1
fill servants or the country lias, from time to |
time, called upon us, by every considers-j
hou that could bind us to our native land* to
preserve and perpetuate that Union* Shall
we be unmindful of these blessings, heedless
and regardless of these admonitions and
these warnings ?
We regret to learn, from a letter just re
ceived from Fort Gibson, that Col. Augustus
Choteau expired, on the evening of the 25th
ult.’ at his residence upon the Saline. He
had been long a resident in that part of the
world, and was extraordinarily distinguished
| for eve r v ‘••lit that adorns the character of an
i accomplished gentleman.
h>r the Sentinel and Herald.
Es4.
j\T^s3Bsir— The late act of Georgia, for
the protwtiou of common schools and tiie
amendments, are published in all the papers
of this State, and it is hoped ti e people will
read them attentively. Our citizens can now,
if they choose, avail themselves by means ol’
this act, of a system established bv law, com
prising a handsome provision of pecuniary
aid. It was a remark of Dr. Chalmers
‘ that the inappetence of a people for educa
tion is in the exact ratio of its ignorance.
The people of Pennsylvania, on the adoption
of their present School System, three or four
years since, made loud and clamorous com
plaints against taxes, and in many parts ol
the State the most uninformed thought it very
unreasonable and a hardship that their chil
dren must go to school, and the school master
must he paid. But light is now breaking
forth, and Gov. llimer, in his recent Message,
says that ‘ three years ago there were 32,544
children in the Common Schools of the State.’
And ‘ there are now about 230,000.’ ‘ The
schools were then kept open not quite three
and a half months in the year—they are now
open about seven months in the year.’ But,
Sir, Pennsylvania, as well as Ohio and the
other States where their Common Schools
are so prosperous, has addressed to the sober
reason and common sense of the people, in
telligence by means of the active and compe
tent agents paid by the State, and also by
the press, incessantly pouring light and know
ledge into the public mind, until we see a
great and powerful result. Now, Sir, mark
the consequences of education in those States.
It. is there that we see the people rising in
their mighty energy and strength in support
of all those grand and noble objects of pub
lic improvements that are becoming the won
der and astonishment of the world. The
sciences and the arts are operating to amelio
rate and elevate the condition of man beyond
all past ages. New discoveries are constant
ly multiplying and teaching us that ‘ know
edge is power.’
Facts, to shew to the minds of Ihose who
have not noticed these improvements, may
be given with irresistible force. Our agri
culturalists, perhaps, are not generally aware
that cobs produce nearly half as much spirit
as corn ; and this spirit is produced from the
saccharine matter which contains the princi
pal part of the nutrition. This fact has been
ascertained by accurate experiment in distil
lation, performed bv P. Minor, Esq. which he
has communicated in a paper to the Albe
marle Agricultural Society. It is also found
that 50 to 75 per cent, is saved by grinding
corn and cobs instead of feeding corn un
ground, to stock of all kinds.
Very respectfully, yours. J. D.
Correspondence of the Sentinel and Herald.
New Orleans, .Tan. 23, 1839.
To the Editors: Gentlemen —On Thursday,
the 17 1 h inst., per the steamer Giraffe, from
Mobile, I arrived in this great commercial
omporium of the west ; and although the
city is dull for the season, as is admitted by
all, vet to me it presents a life and animation
in business which I was not prepared to ex
pect. There are at this time upwards of
three hundred and thirty sailing vessels lying
in port, and upwards oi'four hundred steam
boats plying from the city, up (lie Mississippi
and its” tributaties ; and yet New Orleans
may he truly said to be in its infancy, and
the interminable swamp which now surrounds
and runs up into its streets, will soon give
place to noble and gorgeous mansions and
glittering spires.
The city of New Orleans is like no other
in the world, if we may judge from history.
A traveller may here find something new and
different from any other part of the world,
vet pleasing ar.d interesting. The habits of
the people are extremely business like, and as
to their classes, or more properly colors, the
old song is truly verified, ‘ from snowy white
to sooty,’ and all appear healthy, cheerful and
gay. I took occasion to visit the French
theatre —not that I expected lo understand
anv thing which I might hear, hut to see the
crowd, the elite, the fashion and beauty of
the French, and do assure you I was much
delighted. The French are all life, all mo
tion, all vivacity. The female part, of the
audience presented a galaxy of beauty rarely
to he witnessed in any assembly or any coun
try, and yet it is different from any other
beauty I have ever seen. The eye, in the
French ladies, is evidently the throne of their
beauty; and when those bewitching orbs
which surround it. the pretty little mouth, the
smooth, round, delicately-tinged cheek, &,c.,
are lighted up by one of their bewitching
smiles, gods! how it makes one quiver.
My time and space will not permit me at
this time to give you the impressions of mv
first visit lo this noble city. I have seen
much that is new and interesting, and many
things to write about, which I must reserve
for a period of moreNeisure and composure;
but an incident occurred at a time and place,
and on an occasion, which I will not now
omil to relate.
The day after my arrival, in looking over
the city papers, I fitund a set of resolutions
on the currency question, (the Louisiana Le
gislature being now in session at this place,)
| which was to come up lor discussion in the
j senate, as the order of ih** day for the ensu
| ing Monday. These resolutions perhaps you
have seen ere this. They are opposed to the
Independent Treasury, advocate thedeposile
j system and the constitutionality of, and estab-
I lisiimentof a U. S. Bank. My curiosity led me
; to visit the Senate chamber at an early hour
of the day, as I was desirous to see how the
i representatives of the people done their busi
’ ness here, as well as to hear the expected
discussions. Mr. Derbigney, ihe author of
; the resolutions, a very intelligent looking gen
; tleman, and who, I am very sorry to say,
greatly deceived his looks, being no doubt
the mere cat’s paw ot some more masterly
animal, rose and moved the order of the day.
The resolutions were then taken up by sec
tions. The incident of which lam going to
speak, occurred in the consideration of the
first resolution, which reads as follows :
‘ Tiiat the revenue of the United Stales,
whether derived from duties or imports, sales
of public lands, taxes or sources, be
longs to the people, being raised for their use
and benefit, therefore the custody and con
trol of it should rest with 1 heir representa
tives, as free as possible from Executive di
rections.
Mr. Winn, a very talented gentleman, and
| who distinguished himself during the course
; of the debate, by his eloquent and conclusive
arguments against the doctrines and princi
ples assumed by the resolution, rose and
1 stated that he had no objections to the reso
; lotion as rend, saving one word, arid moved
Ito amend tho resolution by striking out the
word ‘ custody.’ He had no objection, lie
j said, for the control of the revenue to rest
with the representatives of the people, but
! that the custody , which he conceived to he
i the keeping of ihe revenue, should rest with
I each member of Congress, was going farth r
into the Sub-Treasury scheme than be was 1
willing to sanction. He had no idea, he uaidy
of making each member of Congress a Sub-
Treasurer, and for that reason he could not
vote for the resolution as it then read. At
this moment I perceived some half dozen
honorable Senators, of the Whig stamp,
crowded together around a small table. I
was anxious to learn the cause, and by a lit
tle peeping, perceived a large dictionary of
some kind in their midst; but I soon found,
from the learned derivations which some of
j them gave to the honorab'e President, that
[they were hunting for the meaning of the
word custody , and i could not refrain laugh
ing heartily at this Senatorial farce. After
they had satisfied themselves on this point,
Mr. Winn rose and said that he did not
know or care much what literal interpreta
tion the learned gentlemen might give for the
word custody, but for his part, he was dis
posed to believe that tbe common accepta
tion of the word, as applied in the resolution,
would mean the keeping of the public reven
ue, and unless the amendment was accepted
he could outvote for the resolution. He was
as willing as any other gentleman could be,
that the representatives of the people should
control die lie could not consent
that they should keep it. But there is such
a palpable contradiction expressed in the
first and third of these resolutions, that I
cannot refrain placing them before your view 7.
The first resolution declares ‘ That the re
venue belongs to the people, being raised for
their use and benefit; therefore the custody
and control of it should rest with tluir repre
sentatives.’
The third resolution declares ‘That in the
opinion of this legislature, solvent banks are
safer depositories of the public money than in
dividuals.’ What a palpable contradiction is
here diplayed, and gross ignorance of the
functions and policy of the government, de
claring at one moment that the custody of
the public money should rest with the “rep
resentatives, and in the very next, that they
are unsafe and that ‘ solvent banks urc safer.*
But the author of the resolutions could not
defend or sustain one single position contain
ed in them, nor did he or any other Whig
member offer to do so. Every attempt was
made hv them to suppress the discussion, by
calling fur the previous question on every
section, but-they could not smother the light
which would now and then burst upon them
fioni the lips of Mr. Winn and Mr. Downs,
who ably contested every inch of ground.
The resolutions, however, were carried
through by the main strength of obstinacy,
I would not wish lo say of ignorance. D.
For the Sentinel and Herald.
Tallahassee. Florida, Jan. 18,1839.
Dear C.—Since my last, some business of
a private nature has directed mv course
hither, and 1 find myself surrounded by a set
ol circumstances highly interesting,and which,
in all probability, may not prove totally de
void of interest to your readers. This Ter
ritory, so long bleeding at every pore from
the cruelty of Indian depredations, is not yet
free from that banassing warfare. Trie pre
cise number of hostiles still remaining in the
country is not known ; but the force is suffi
ciently large to effect great mischief. I ant
informed by an officer of the regular army,
that there are some three hundred Creeks in
one body. Last week, a parly of Indians
were surprised in the neighborhood of Mag
nolia, and seven killed. There seems but
little prospect of terminating this war, if it
may be so called, until tlie militia of the Ter
ritory take the matter into their own hands.
U. S. troops, it is generally conceded, are but
illy adapted to the mode and manner of • bush
fighting;’ they are the worst sort of Indian
hunters. The legislative council of Florida
is now in session at this place, and is compos
ed of a Senate and Representative branch,
in all thirty-eight members. But little will
be done in this body, until ihe raising of the
Convention at St. Joseph; but the action of
that b .<!y will undoubtedly furnish much
matter for legislation. There is no hope of
the formation of a Constitution, nor is it likely
that Florida will become a State for at least
five years*
Tire Races are en hand this week, and
good sport, has been afforded. Yesterday
the Jockey Club purse of one thousand dol
lars, four mile heals, was won by ‘Major
Jones,’ belonging to Morrison, of Augusta,
who lias a fine stable here. Among his horses
I notice Jim Kearney and Southerner. Jim
was beaten on lire two mile day by Pittman’s
American Citizen, a horse well known in
Georgia as having run a tilling heat, in a
four mile race at Macon, two years ago, in
which l e beat the famous Miss Medley. He
is a splendid stallion, of a rich deep hay in
color, and in every point of shape and form
a race horse of high pretensions. But this
was bis last race, for in running the last heat
he ‘ let down’ in his right fore leg, beyond
the possibility of cure. This race was con
sidered a good one. The heats were broken ;
Jim Kearney taking the fir.sr, and American
Citizen the next two —tire time was, 4 1
3 50, aid 4 1(3. The track is ten yards over
a mile, and was fetlock deep in sand. To-day
mile heats, best three in five, was won by a
Florida horse called Jumper, beating South
erner and a Tennessee horse. The race was
won in three straight heats—time, 1 52—1 55,
and 1 50; excellent, considering the state of
the track.
The Capital of Florida is always gay and
lively during the session of the Legislative
Council; but it is more so than usual this
winter. The town is overflowing with stran
gers from all parts of the United States—
Members of the Council, Tnrf Sportsmen,
etc. and joy and pleasure sit lightly on every
countenance. Money is plenty here, much
more plenty than in Georgia, and the Union
Bank Las resumed specie payments ; so that
the great Omnibus of life, loaded with every
variety of passengers, rolls swiftly and gaily
along the high way of happiness. The
Jockey Club Ball, congregated much of the
fashion and beauty of this fairy land; arid
she who was fairer than the leaf of the Mag
nolia, with her whose cheek rivalled the rose
of June, were seen twirling in the gay and
voluptuous waltz, the favorite dance of Flor
ida as well as •!’ Spain. The climate herfi
is most delicious. I have to-dav seen a num
ber of gentlemen with full suits of summer
clothes on ; in truth, a cloth garment is un
comfortable. One cannot help the though*
as he listens to the voice of birds, and looks
abroad upon fields covered with flowers, that
this is tiie climate for the perpetuation of ex
istence in all the greenness and beauty
youth ; pity, that the music voice which be
longs here by nature should have been chang
ed into the startling and terrific whoop of the
mad savage, and liiat this violet bed should
have been stained by the blood of our kins
men, as it dripped from the unsparing scalp
ing knife! Florida is a heavenly climate,
and Floridians are glorious in hospitality.
w.
* Since the above the Convention has formed a
Consiitution.—Eds.
MARRIED
On Sabbath Evening, itio 27th inst. at the residence
of John Colquitt, Esrp by the Htv. J. Roberts, Mr.
William Terr} 1 to Miss Martha Jones, all of this city.
In Taibotton, 24th inst. by D. C. Maund, Esq Mr.
James S. Long, of Cob mbits, to the amiable Miss
Blanchey A. Long, of the former place.
DIED
On the 2d inst.. in Vicksburg. Miss., after a linger
ing illness, Mr. Dennis Sullivan, late of Columbus,
Georgia.
In this city. r ,n Sunday the 27th inst., of a lingering
illness, Mr. William Reed, of New York, but for the
last two years a resident < f this city.
rCP The Nmv Yora papers will please copy the
above.
LA W.
“S’OSET’H STURGIS has resumed the pract ee of
S.SS the. Law. His office is over the store ot Messrs.
Hamilton, Hurd & Cos., on the east side cf Bi oad street,
next tenement above Sat s Scuci.
Columbus, Jan. 2S, Ifciiß. S2tf