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| COS AM EVlia BARTLETT —EDITOR 1
THE DEMOCRAT, will be published every
- ,1, 7n Columbu .■>, Muscogee County, Georgia,
at Three Dollars per annum if paid in advance,
jr Four Dollars at' She. end of the yc.tr. It is
•jiitc'.od that all application for subscription
£ cro a distance will he accompanied with the
p\nnt)7«
Advertisements will be inserted at reasonable
Sales of land apd r.egroes, by adminis
trators, executors or guardians, are required by
>uv to be held on the first Tuesday in the month,
between the hours of ten o'clock in the forenoon
«y three in the afternoon, at the coOi t house of the
county in which the property is situated. Notice
.jf these sales must be given in a public Gazette
Sixty days previous to the day of »aie.
Notice of the sale of persona! property must
£e givac in a lixe manner'forty days previous to
the dav of sale
Notice to debtors and creditors cf an estate,
bmsl be published forty days.
Notice that all application will bo made to the
•|ourt of or<l.nary for leave to sell laud must be
published four months.
CTU S,
t or publishing at Columbus, Ga. a Political and
*' discel onions V. s-yaper, to he entitled the
demo ch a t.
Io presenting to the public fats Pros
pectus for si;e» }"ip r ul Columbus, the
subscriber does not deem it necessary or
to go iuto a minute detail of his
*-»•*■» is ve t ui t f Ids particular
.j kv»s in regard to the various topics which
slow engage public attention. Ho pre
ikmiosthHt his .character as an editor is too
ti l! known in Georgia tor allow hint t«
jf.i« credit among any party, with mere
; I oh'ssiona and empty promises. The
jp;#’.>!ic will be apt to look to the past in tor
it tug their estimate of the future, and by
th tu ordeal is he willing to-be tiled. In'
ih c numerous political discussions, which
the'events of the day have called forth, his
opinions of men and thing* have been free
ly > jxpressed, and are doubtless familiar
to tuny of those to whom he now looks for
pa t mage and support. Those who have
hi' dierto approved of his sentiments anti
t. a;n satisfied wnh the manner in which h*>
t ii, urged them, will, Itu trusts, still con-r
V tee their confidence, without the renew
Bt of pledges, or a formal confession of
Iw referoDcw however to the pieient
»>’ Ite of parties, he begs leave to letiiaia,
d/.tu he trusts the absence of ail political
Nti’cite ’.ent, will prove propitious to tl<*
-sau '»•’ of truth; and that now ail parties, by'
wbao names they may have been di*-
tiriEuishied, will be permitted to labor foi
sh t gehe/rai welfare, unobstructed by tht
*> linusy; or the rancor of by-gone feud*.
The undersigned will endeavor to extern)
S ill fuither this cordiality of feeling, end »t
#iliy the occasional symptoms of ex>.cerb
£ ion to which a warmly Contested oiection
r r.y give rise; aud in this, and whatever
r Ite he m y uuderri-ne for the purpose ol
advancing tho prosperity of the state, he
£"•*!! coun; oa "tho cordial co-operation of
evtnry puod citizen, however they may
h-i*ve nreviuusty differed cn points of polit
ic« \i faith.
fitttiched te the doctrines of the Revolu
t:i n-, ami holding in high veneration the
m> juiory- of those heroes aud sages by
trh ato our liberties weio achieved, aud our
pr son; admirable form of government es
t-i. I iiied, the subscriber will endeavor toj
fa nft'si the sincerity of his prof* ssions, by
e\ :i”ntg a feeling of attachment to the
E Ln, And encouraging an entire coofi •
«rtj t* urybe lusniuiioits of our country,
H<; •-•II ituulcale the doctrine that it is
bd g. to' bear a slight and temporary evil,
iust which we have a constitutional
**£ tody, than tu hazard all for which our
ass fought and so many martyrs labor
•d A.»«l hied, He, will not in any respect,
ove rtook’br disregard tiie rights or the in
tort. ms ofhis own state; yqt he must always
view particular rjghts and interests, as re*
Imiv vdy connected with others, and he will!
cev if consent to the sacrifice of a greater!
for ii ! easer good,
T .'no subscriber will endeaver to make
4 n l Demotrat a velucie of general iotelli* j
gbiic, and ai > interesting periodical to the
gent iemaa of literature, the agriculturalist,
l * ‘ e ' Uerc h.«nt and the mechanic.
, - C. E. Bartlcti.
A NEW MAP OF OEOP.Sia.
I!E subsetiber* havo now under the
bauds of the aver iu New York,
«c(u i .lf.te at.,, splendid map of tho state
oi G- the greater part compiled from
* c, uii 1 r.uryay, with all the districts careful
l •*! down and numbered, the whole com*
P ' til with groat labor ana raaimcn.
«*io latest and most authentic information,
!n i style hot inferior to any thing yet pro
*ei ,e d to die public, with a table of distan
ces <i otti the seat of government to every
.tv »j|jr „ r place of importance in tho
' "a*. The districts in the uew purchase
an '’ I lower counties ate nit numbered in the
c ® r oers so as to eoablo a person to ascer*
tai( ; i the exact situation of any lot of land
and will be painted and finished off in the
& Ml list maimer, a part of them canvassed
,8i Dished and put on (oilers, the balance
011 tbiu paper nicely folded in morocco
/■° (ors and will be jor sale iu AldledgeviUe
v the Ist .of October. Tboso on rollers
41 tve dollars, and the pocket map of the
la ' n» sise, at four dollars, persons resid
"g at a distance wishing to procQre the
*'■ t> cor> do so by sending by the members
* s a s ste jficinut number of them will be kept
0 iliedgeviiie during the session.
Carlton Wclborn,.
> Orange Green.
JX t 1830
* ‘~an~ Arm 12i\tick,
jJf TILL be taken at this office. A
* W smart active lad of goodmoial cl a
t s None os hie need atq?ly..
POLITICAL.
j Nationaland State Rights, ronsirf red hy the Hon.
O FORGE M DVt FIE, under the signature of
«NE OF the Pfopi.z, in reply to the “TRIO,"
rcitk the Advertisement prefixed to it, generally
alt, luted to Major JAMES HAMILTON, Jr
\ uhtu published in 1821.
ADVERTISEMENT.
In i he subjoined Ensays from tho fu
gitive Co!noma of a Newspaper, and ia placing
ibein in a tirrm more permaneut and enduring, we
are paying no more than a just homage to the ea
cred principles they inculcate, and to the gent'oe
which has given them an illustration so pow@».
ful and impressive
It may be not altogether unnecessary to ac
quaint the reader with the causes, which led mi
ff mdly to th- publication of the Letters of “One
| OF TR3 I'EOFLE.”
In duly last, a series of numbers,-entitled the
• ‘‘ Prospect before us, as seen through the signs of
i' lt Twits, y the 1 eio, 1 ’ rjade their appearance
! in n Mdiedgevtlle Gasette.
The ostensible scope x>f the-e dtß ! ‘o> tations wns,
to eliow that the present administration is conduc
ted oa principles n'togothor subversive oftbo Re
ouhlicanism of 1801, and in direct violation of s
; jnet and legitimate const, action of tho Cons'itu
j tion of tho D States. To sustain these two pro
: positions, it may be madiiv conceived that assar
ti inet.'ie most sweeping that assumption* tho most
gratuitous, were resorted to, without reference to
tho change which the events of fifteen Years must
make in tho policy of" a great and growing Em-
Pj.ro, or to the fresh lights, which tha experience
of our government is perpetually affordiug. for a
;unt and infdiiblo interpretation of the theory
The basis, however, of the argument in which
| the indulge, is in contending “for e strict
; and literal construction of the Constitution,” and
in affirming an absolute negation of every thing
wearing the aspect of an implied power.” This
• const motion, as their own reasoning proves, would
i hmt‘ the sphere of our National CharneUr merely
*u t tios si'.'cidtil efforts, wh en in the end would
! i*' vo produced its dissolution, as a matter of inevi
j **hle consequence To these views the “Trip*- '
viratr added the tocsin -f 'State Sovereignty;' a
note which has been sounded in “the Ancient Do
minion.’’ with such an ill-omened blast, but with
no variety by them, to relieve its dull-and vexa
tious dissonance! - .
it is against these doctrines, te support whiah
the authority of the highest names has been
brought forward, the most eriiciua) examples cited
and the most po>ulr,r prejudides addressed, that
‘Onj! or tub PzorLE’has taken tne Retd.
The Essays, vvith this signature, appea od ih
the first instance, in the Georgia advertiser, ( a pa
per published at Augusta) in August last Th-y
seem tn have been commenced by the writor,
more for the purpose of applying “the actual cau
tery,’’ to th* writer of the “Tnto,” for the malev
clant tendency of tkeir labor* in endeavoring to co
vet with odium the present administration! (with
the exception of Mr. Crawford,) than with any
apparent anticipation of tho extent to which his
investigations would bo carried In proceeding,
however, the horizon of hie views ealargos, und |
tie finds these fire files even by their foe bio glim- i
mertnijs have led him to the verge of an argument.!
as feign and impressive m can come to the brea«i f
of an American, in u concern merely temporal. t
It is only this portion of the Letters of “Ojrg ny j
tub I’EorLB," that we have embodied in this pub
lication, commencing with the fourth number of 1
the series as they were •riginally arranged in the ,
Advertiser.
The previous numbers, however distinguished t
by all the qualities of controversial excellence, we
have, we confess, without reluctance omitted,
because, being rather personal in their character,
tney might in some degree break the unity of tho
masterly and unanswerable constitutional argu
ment which in here unfolded; en argument to
which there ia merely wanting tha 'adventitious
interest which tho occasion often supplies, and the
authority of n name, to place it by the side of the ;
Essays of the “ Fedkrjii.i'its, to which as far as it j
coos, it i» altogether on a level. The opinion of
the Supremo Court, in the case of the Cohans, ms i
a correlative branch of the subject, i« more judiciel !
and abstract, but possesses fewer of the attract im<j
of a popular argument, “coming home to tho bu
siness knd bosoms ol men.”
In the om : st,ion of the throe preliminary nun
bers to which we have alluded, we shall rest our ,
justification on another plea. The writer* of tho
“Trio" had evidently in view the objoct of anoint
ing Mr. Crawford for the Presidency, amidst all
th-ir parade of patriotism, and this at the expense
of the rest of the administration. To combat this
pious crusade is the business of those numbers of
*Obb or the Puonr,” which we have omitted,
to the loss, we readily allow, of those vfh? fe'iah
overwhelming ridicule and triumphant sarcasm.
Sut as public opinion is not yet ripe for a discus
sion which locks towards the tender of the alter
native, whether Mr. Adams or Mr. Crawford
chaU be our next President, we have doomed it
expedient to eupprose what ‘ Orb op tub Pro*
HB,” (within the limits of a iust retaliation ) has
to ,»av on tho claims of Mr. Crawford, more par
ticuiarly-as there is no reason to believe, that “all
tue kind things" said of him by this “triumvirate”
are either with his privity or connivance. Be
eideu* any extraordinary aniiety to republish whit
might be deemed unfavorable to the views of Mr.
Crawford's friends, would wear somewhat the or
-1 pect of their having been ft propitious announce
ment of public spinion in South-Oarolins, in re
i ference to the pretentions of Mr Adaoi.'q of wliiofi
i there can be nothing more untrue. When sum
moned to the electoral college it is true she may
Lave to turn her eyes from each cf the throe dis
tinguished statesmen she has sent to honor her in
the national counsels, and yield rather from policy
than ineiinaticn, to the dictate of a stern and over
ruling —cossity; but still her selection will be
guided by pr«,.. vie aim ammarod by patriotism,
whether the person of her choice he Mr Adams,
the individual whom pdblic rumor has designated
as his antagonists, or some yet more highly gifted
personage.
But to turn to the subject immediately before
nu: —Tho argument of -‘One of the People" is now
presented in an unbroken succession, i'amilliar to
tin* most ordinary, and gratifying to the most com
prehensive understanding The truths that are
unfolded are in their nature essentially imperish
able Whatever may be the fate of our national
character, whether our descendants are long des
tined to admire and worship that solidity which
may give duration to its existence, and those pro
portions that now confer grandeur on its design,
or in a fair different mood to mourn over the ra
ins of bo fair a fabric, equivalent testimony will be
'•.Horded of the sacrednoss of the principles that
are hers inculcated, of their faitliful conservation
in the fust case, or of tho disastrous and desolating
violation and neglect they will have sustained in
the last.’
It is scarcely necessary t* inform tbs reader
that the author of the Letters of “One of the Peo
ple" is in no degree responsible for the opinions
expressed in this Preface. To this community
be is anonymous and unknown.
Before we conclude it .would be unjust not to
confess, that in spite of the criminal sophisms
■. hich the ‘ Trio" havo scattered with no unspar
ing hand throughout their dissertations, they have
lamis to our gratitude, m being tho efficient
ause in the occasion which produced theso Es
avs There is a specios of compensation to the
world for the most reckless cartwr of folly and o
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, SATURDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 4 mn.
vice, in the high and impressive energy with
which genius St worth rebuke their isiravaganco
and licentiousness To the pmft: riei of Shalftes
bory we owe the exquisite poem of “kb*»!om and
Aiichitophei,’ and but for the the* when wanton
ed in the evening tide of Pope s Uecliyng Lie we
.should have lost the amber of tbs “Diaciad," in
which they are erabaluieiL
<A ark Aon, (A. E) Oct. let. JdSl.
to fat:
“TRIO.”
It isabtindantly apparent Aom tta whole
tenor and spirit of your speculations, that
yea aim to impair the confdencn •vbicli the :
nation so unanimously and justly reposes in
>lr. film roe’s administration, by exciting
a. alarm lor the safety of States Rights I
t ost the importance of the subject will ex
cuse me to my fellow-chip.ns, for address
ing you in a giaver style then the lone
and character of your Essays would other
wise deserve. In tho lac* of tiie uniform
tenor of our experience under the present
Constitution of the United States, you af
fect to entertain ail those idle aud chimeri
cal apprehensions for the atste severe go
tie* which once animated the zeal of wiser
and bettor moo.
Now, if you will ettoauvel v follow me
through the investigation which I propose
to make into the theory of our complex sys
toai of government, I think I can mak* it
clear, even to your understanding, tbatyoui
fears are perfect visionary, having no snad
ow of foundation, either in the organisation
of the general government; or the expe
rience of its operations. I have already
Averted incidentally, to rhe fact, that the
general -.ftd state governments are org;iiiia
ed upon precisely i,';“s;»tne ptiuciplas. Tho
general government is as tru.^’ l h« govern
ment of iho whole people, as a stale govern
ment is of pan of tua usoule. i<s Con
stitution, id the language ol its preauio c, ‘
was ordained and established by “tie pco~
pie of iite (failed Statei. ' The most ou
merot s branch of the jVtiiocal i/Ogislature,
the llruse of Representatives, is elected in
the same way, and by precisely the same
persons, that etect the corresponding bran
ches of the State Eogisiitue. At the end
of every two years these National Repre
sentatives depend upon the peopin for their
re-election. The other branch of the Na
tion Legislature, the Senate, is chosen by
the State Legislatures, because “the peo
ple of the United S**ies” delegated that
power to them, and not by virtue of any iu
horent light which they possess as sute».
For the moment the people met in conven
tion, oil the eiarnents of political power le
tnrned to them to receive anew modifica-
tion and distribution, by thoir sovoietgn
will. At the end of six years the Senators
cease to be such, and depend for their re
appointment upon the power that cteaied j
tnem. The President ot the L'oitfd S ; ater
is elected fur the term of 4 years by a Cal
lage of Electors to be appointed “id such
manner ' as the State Legislature shall re
spectively direct, it appeals, then, that
the “peopte” “in erdei to form a more per
fect union, establish justice, iu&ura douins
tic tranquility, provide for the common de
fence, promote the general welfare, aud so
cure tiie blessing* of liberty u* themselves
and their posterity,” created the whole mass
nf political potve.g that constitute the gen
eral government, reserving to tAtwsdfoftiby
the elective franchise, the iraiiiodiate con
trol over the whole mas? of delegated pow
ers. Wiiat security, then, did tho conven
tion, or in other words, “the feoplu of the
United provide, to restrain their
functioua'ib* from usurping powers uot del
egated, and from abusing those with which
they are really invested! Was it by tbedis*
'orJam clamors aud lawless resistauoe of
the ttate rater*, that they intended tu “in
sure douisstic tranquility, aud foi m a more
perfect union? ’ Was it by ib» odKnoua in
terference of their inferior egeuM, appoint
ed for no other purpose than those indicated
by the state coustitutients, that they intend
ed ‘'insure a salutary control over ibeir
superior No; the consiitatiau will
tell y.'iu what is the rvisi security they have
provided. It is the reapousibihty of tbe
officers of the genera! government, not to
the state authorities, but to ihetoselves, the
people This, and uii* alouo, is the gieat
conservative principle which isos at tbe
foundation of all our political institutions,
and sustains the great and glorious fabric of
our liuerty. Tliia great-trntb ought to be
kept in constant auu lively rofrombracce by
«vo»-y Aworican. It is the vory life and
soul et republican freedom, aud no states
man is worthey to minister at her sacred
altar, who doos not diaiioctiv precoive, ‘Ud
deeply feet it. Too state governments, too,
are the absolute creatures of the people, and
haV'i no political power not delegated »o
them by tnair respective coostustions, and
consistent with the WOiUivton of tiie U-
I States. The stales as poluicai bodies, have
jno original, inherent rights. That they
j hav’o such rights is a false, dangerous and
amt-republican assumption, which lurKS at
the bottom ol nil the reasoning in favor of
state rights. The lie of responsibility is
as necessary to bind the stale ruieis to their
appropriate sphete of duty, as it is to bind,
in like manner, the enters of the geoem
government. What, thin, is the true tpies
tioo so much agitated uutior the imposing!
llamas of “stale rights,” and “consolidated
empire,” and who are the real part)* * to
tho issue involved int I answer emphatical
ly, the true qeustion is, whether the geuei
al government shall be controlled by the
people of tho states, or the rulers of the
states; and the parties litigant are the peo
ple of all the States, and the rulers of par
ticular states. (Jpoo the issue thus pre
i seuied, ono would luiogux, there ouuld b
little diversiiy of o|>iuioo amongst iritoffigeiii
! and considerate man, as to the verdict that
1 ought tube pronounced. Whm are the ar
i guments necessarily implied iu the ussidm
ptiuti (I hupn never to see t.ie day when I
shall have to say usurpationVof the hi t<
cuithorities? They say to effect to the peo
ple, (:he very people too, by « portion of
whom they are created) “ you have not su
fficient virtue, intelligence, »nd vigilance, to
control and restrain your agents of the gou
erai government. Tttey are making most
alarming strides m tiie usurpat ion not to be
sure of yo.Ur rights, but our;.; and yet you
are bo blind as uot to preceive, or so torpid
r.s uot to regard i(. For these weighty rea
sons. us thereunto moving, wo the rulers of
certain states, by virtue oi certain Original,
inherit ant powers in us existing, do adjudge,
and determine that you the people, by rea
son of h certain ‘apathy and torpor 1 that
‘rages’ with ‘violence* in defiance of all our
‘usual remedies, ’• are incapable of self-gov
ernment; and tve do, therefore, out of ia* re
pity for your weakness and incompetentI.}’, 1 .}’,
and from the consciousness of our own in
fallibility, resume tn ourselves tiie supeivis
! iou and control of the general governmon',
which wo find you unworthy to exorcise,’
To this modest address fiom thior “higli
mighiioens,” the statu nuthoritirs, I beg
leave, “as one of the people,” to make tho
following reply, in the name and behalf of
ail my follow.citis-ns ; “We b dff leave to
inforai your ‘aiightninesses,’ that we still
think ourselves capable of attending to our
• wn business, and would respectfully sug
gest that you might find sufficient employ- i
men! in a»?srj(*irtg to the aaatrs wo have
committed to your charge, without iideifer
ing with those matters which we have con
fided to other agents. In ourselves exists
'the exclusive right of supervising and foil
trolling the.conduct «f ail our Rgeuts, and
?5f :'!•* Jwr-ter ordering of your future de
portment, be it knowD to you, that we shall
..ter hdliorio, wtflt 1116
same vigilance that we do the actions of our
agents of the general government. As the
busine** committed to these latter agents is
of greater importance, and of a wider range
than that committed to you, we cf ccutao
select the most intelligent and virtaous men
to perforin it. Yuur attempt to control
them, ia therefore peculiarity unbecoming
and arrogant. When the officers of the
general government da ary act wheh we
think unauthorised by ou< letter of instruc
tions or wrongs in itself, shall discard them
from our service, id the same manoer tbar,
for similar reasons, we shall certainly dig- ;
card you. But as long as we continue them
in otftce, and approve of their conduct, their
acts are ours, aul any aitompt on your part
to resist them, is an ait»Mnpt to resist tbe
powerthat created you.” lathis brief re
ply I th'ok every American, why regard*
the integrity and harmony of the Union as
necessary to the enjoyment of practical
fraedojß, wiil readily aud heariiv concur.
Bur the assumption of the state authorities
will appear stii! m«re gWtag and unwarran
table, when we reflect, that whatever is us
sutuod as a “statu right,'' pertains equally
tu every etate ia tbo Union, separately and
individually to. example, a question aria
os between the general government aud tu*
tfovernmeul of a particular etate, as tu the
extent of their powers. Taka a case that
ha* already occurred- The National Leg
islature charter a bank to answer certain
great unlional purpose*. The national Ju
dicary decide that the act creating ibo cor
poration is constitutional and vabd. The
stato author dies decide that the act of in
corporation is unconstitutional and void,
and attempt* by a legislative Act, to destroy
the batik. Here you sue the government of
a single state rising up against rhe govern
ment of t»il the states, aud attempting to re*
sist that government.
Now lctovr ask yoo which oft he parties to
this contest is the more worthy of the con
fidence of the govero’t, which is created by
them a/f, and responsible io them all, or
the state government, created by nnd re- .
sphnsible to not more tbeu one twentieth or
thirtieth part of .heir number! if w.e c»u
more gafely tiast tho rulers of our choice,
that) those who is not the rulors of our
choice, the question is answered. For to
the citizens of all the other states, except
tha one which I have supposed to be eu
gagad ia the contest, the government of the
contesting state ts perfectly alien; as mttcb
so as the British Parliament. There cro
not be a greater political absurdity than to
suppose err liberties are in grater danger
from those functionaries whom wo elect and
control, than from tho3o whom we do not
control I have already stated that the ei
roneous proposition, that the states, as such
havo certain original, inherent rights, lies
in ambush at the bottom of all reasonings in
I favoj of states right* j and I will now add a
muher proposition", equally erioitemis,
which seems to be involved in the argu- j
merits of those v- ho are perpetually warning j
us to -beware if the general government,!
and <sy to the state government tor refuge. :
Their reasonings assume that the geu’l. i
gvvern’u is alien to the people, who origin- '
illy created it, &. whose living continually
sustain it. Now, the functionaries of ihe
general goyernmHut, with all their grandeur
| and spl-jiuiid projects, at winch you pre
tend to be so mnch alarmed, can, in « mo
-Ilf ut as it were, be burled from their sta
tions, in a peaceable constitutional mode,
lud by the very people whose liberties you
tie unsafe in their custody. Aio you a
<v tiH that you are preaching up the same
doctrines that the* tidy Alliance” of Lu
ll aio attempting tv soil with blood? To
• Tho longuago oftb» “Tire.'*
volume urst—number b
j assert that flie general government nil
| )> rust rate the liberties of tbe people, is tu
| i*sert that eur republican experiment wifi
j (ail, aud that our coiistitutiou u founded
j upon false priciples. In other word* that
| Lie people are not capable of governing
liieiiiselvem For tny own part, I can cote
j sctemiously say, (and 1 stand upun cousti
tutional ground when 1 say so, ) mat i have
as a citizen of the union, precisely as much
confidence io the general government’ 8 3 1
have iu th« goveruient ol my own state! and
i. fiitntely more than 1 c n or ought to Lnvo
in the government of the other state*. i
; think too highly of the people of the United
S Btes, tu suppose that they will tolerate any
uucroicii'nenu of the national government,
that shall endanger their liberty As to
those imaginary rights, that are by seme
supposed to exist in the states, m coutradis
unction to the people of the states, 1 nei
ther understand nor regard them. They
are meie sounds, used by mmguided er de
signing men, for the advancement ol their
popularity in particular sections of the u*
ii. on. While the rights aud hoerues of tiie
people are safe, ( tnd itu-y must be while
they are true to themselves) all the ends oi
government are accomplished. Thus nave
1 i endeavored io convince you, from the
| organisation of the general government aud
j us responsibility to the people, it is as sate
. a 4’" posiu»iy of the riglns ol ail the people,
j as the state governments are of the rights
of part of them. Rut as sirong prejudices
; and apprehensions uo * xist in some, of ihe
; -tuies on this subject, 1 will eodvavor to
; trace these prejudices tu their origin, 1
' i.iink they are to be ascribed to two caused
J bui;e stales, aud men whose amiMtiou ex
! reeds meir talents. Ah history proves that
in a mere confederacy of status, the largest
and most powerful members will ultimately
attain such an ascendancy as to govern the
whole. It is equally dear, that iu propor
tion as the conlederacy approaches to iha
form ot one common national government,
the ascendancy ol the largest members will
be diminished. A' the lime our pte*eui
constitution, was auupiea, Virginia was, in
all that constitutes political pawer, ueciued
!y tho largest Stale in the Union.
dingly, in bat State, the most violeut aud
peiseveming opposition wag maoe to the
present congittuiioa of the geueral govern
ment, aud siuce we have become a united
people, the politicians ot Virginia have been
moat loudly clamorous about simin
and have given the tone to particular fac
tions m other states, on (he subject. Thu
other cause which i have assigned for (no
prevalence of the false doctrine* I am coo-,
aiderertng, is ia some measure connected
with the cause just mentioned. Ambitious
tueu of interior talents finding they have uo
hope to he distinguished iu tha councils of
tue naiiouai government, uaturatly wish to
increase ihe power and constqucce ot the
state governments, the theatre* m which
iboy expect to acquire distinction. Ila
uot, therefore, a regard for (he righis of ihe
people, and a real apprehension that those
rights are tu danger that bava caused so
much tube said on the subject of prosuaid
Bt rte sovereignties and consolidated empue.
ft is the ambition of that class ot politicians,
who expect to figure only in the state coun
cils, and of (hose slates who are too proud to
acknowledge any superior An ambition
and a pride of the most alarming and dan
gerous tendency which if not discounte
nanced by mouerdie and reflecting men,
may some future day dissove our happy u
mou, and sweep away', in a tide oi civil
buod, all that constitutes tho h*ppiu«ss of
individuals or glory of the nation. ..
’ (iu 6* continued./
NATIONAL CUARACTfcg,
A foreigu author gives the following
portrait of the American women—Sne is
generally graceful in hei figure, slow in her
gait, mild in her looks, proud to her mind,
engaging in her conversation, delicate iu
her expressions, quick at blushing, < haste in
her manners, improving on acquaintance,
generous to a fault, ready to weep with one
distress,solicitionsfor the poor.tmco.aly
religious, Uoviuenliy humane constant in her
attachment, a fond wife, a tender mother,
tenacious of her word, jealous of her honor,
prudent in hur conduct circumspect, and
cannot keep a secret-
Kask. Democrat.
A Whale The Boston Patriot, of tho
l3th iust. tells the fotiowiug story “ Yes*
(utduy afternoon, a gentleman was riding
down Central wharf in his chaise, when ho
was startled by a sudden explosion, and by a
cloud of smoke and sparks rolling into the
front of his chaise. His hoi so remained
firm, however, aud on exarait*alien, it was
found that his switch tail was sadly singed
on one side, and that one whoel of the cl.aisj
was blackened by guepowdar smoke.—lt
appeared that a gentleman who keps oothe
whirl had caused a lump of damage powder
tube thrown into thesjreet, and the horse
sinking fire with his shoo at the moment of
passing, had ignited it, and a second portiou
i had caught & bnint the wheel The smoke
I arose to a considerable height.”
Legislative. —The Indian Land Pill ha*
boi ounili r worn defea l * for several hays id
ih" House. Mr.- McDonald, of Übb, has
oflVied anew substitute to both the previous
Bill l *. It contains a provision for reserva
tions, the full fee simple valu • of which ai e <o
:hepm Ito {*. orgia t>y the G'-verment. W 0
, b arn that this substitute is predicated upon
infer.nation from Washington. Th:* pros
pect far the removal of the common in iss of
1 tiie ludians appears to bo brightening.