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[COSAM EMIR BARTLETT —EDITOR ]
THE DEMOCRAT, will bo published every
week in Columbus , Muscogee County, GeorviJ
at Three Dollars per annum if paid in advanco’
or Four Dollars at the end of tho year It is
rxpected that all application for subscription
trom a distanco, will be accompanied with tho
money,
Advertiaemonts will bo inserted at rcasonablo
rates, bales of land and negroes, by adminis
trators, executors or guardians, are required bv
i»w to bo hold on the .first Tuesday in the montli
between tho hour* of ten o’clock in tho forenoon
V three in the afternoon, at the court house of tho
county in which Iho property is situated. Notieo
of these sales must be given in a public Gazette
sixty days previous to the day of sale.
Notice of the sale of personal property i„ u .t
be given in a like manner forty days previous to
the day of sale * *
Notieo to debtors and creditors of an estate
©list be published forty days.
Notiee that all application will be made to the
court of ordinary for leave to sell land must bo
published four months.
P RESIDENT'S
MESSAGE.
[CONTINUED.]
Instructions nnd advice have been given
to the Governor of Arkansas and the offi
cers iu command in the adjoining Mexican
Stale, by which, it is hoped, the quiet r f
that frontier will le preserved, until a final
settlement of the dividing line shall have
removed all ground of controversy.
The exchange of ratifications of the trea
ty concluded fast year with Awsliia has net
jet taken place. The delay lias been oc
casioned by the non-arrival of the ratifica
tion of that Government within the time
prescribed i y the treaty. Renewed au
thority has been asked for the representa
tive of Austria; and, in the mean time,
the rapidly incroasiug trade and navigation
between the two countries have been placed
upon tho most liberal footing of our navi
gation acts.
Several alleged depredations have beru
recently committed on our commercn by
tho national vessels of I’oitugal. They
havo been made ibo subject of immediate
remonstration and reclamation. lam not
yet possessed of st.iTicieiit information to
express a definite opinion of their charac
ter, but expect soon to receive it. No
proper means shall b« omitted to obtain
for our citizens all the redress to which they
may appear to be entitled.
Almost nt tho moment of your last ses
sion, two bills, the one entitled “An act for
making appropriation for building liglit-hou
scs, light-boats, beacons, and monuments,
placing buoys, and for improving harbors
and directing surveys*” and the other,
"An act to authorize a subscription for
stock in the Louisville and Portland Catial
Company,'* Were submitted for my appro
val. Ii was itn possible, within the time al
lotved'me, before the close of the session,
so give these bills the consideration which
was duo to their character and importance;
slid I was compelled to retain them for
that purpose. I now avail myself of this
early opportunity to re nun them to the
Houses in which they respectively origina
ted, with the reasons which, after mature
deliberation, compel me to withhold my ap
proval.
Tic practice of defraying out of the
united States the expenst s incurred by the
establishment and support of light-houses,
bcaccns, buoys, and public piers, within
tits bays, inlets, harbors, and ports of the
United States, to render the navigation
thereof safe and easy, is coeval with the a
deption of the Constitution, and has beeD
interruption of dispute.
As our foreign commerce increased, and
tvas extended into the intetior of the coun
try by the establishment of ports of entry
and delivery upon our navigable rivers, the
Sphere of those expenditures received a
corresponding enlargement. Light-houses, <
beacons, buoys, public piers, and tho remo- 1
va! of sand-bars, sawyers, and other pat
t’al or temporary impediments in the navi
gable rivers and harbors which were embra
ced in tho revenuo districts from time to
tinio established by law, were authorized
t jjon the same principle, and tho expense
defrayed in the same manner. That ilusy
expenses have at times been extravaga*
and disproportionate, is very piobable.—
Tho circumstances under which they are
incurred are well calculated to lead to such
u result, unless their application is subjec
ted to the closest scrutiny. Thu local ad
vantages arising trom tho disbursement of
public money too frequently, it is to be
teared, invite appropriations for objects of
this character that are neither necessary
n °r useful. The number of light-house
lteepeix is already very large, and tho bill
before mo proposes to add to it fifty-one
no re, of various descriptions. From rep-
resentations upon the subject which are un
derstood to be emitted to respect, I am in
duced to believe that there has not only
been great improvidence in the past expen
ditures of the Government upon these ob
ects, but that the security of navigation
has, iu some instances, been diminished by
the multiplication of light-houses, and con
st quent change of lights, upon the coast. —
It is in this, os in other respects, out duty
to avoid ail unnecessary’ expense, as well as
every increase of patronage not callt’d for
by the public servite. Cat, in the discharge
ol that duty in this pat titular, it must not
be forgotten trial, iu relation to our foreign
commerce, the burden and bent fit of pio
ter ting and accommodating it necessarily
go together, and must do so as long as the
public revet.tin is drawn from the people
through the cusiom-house. It is indisputa
ble, that whatever gives facility and securi
ty to navigation, cheapens imports and'wll
"ho consume them aro like interested in
"halever produces this *ffert. If they
‘ °n*unie, they ought, a* they now do, to
v ■*; I otherwise, they do 00l pty. Th
THIS DBMOCRAT,
. consumer in the most inland State detives
ae same advantage from every necessary
, J‘id prudent expenditure for the facility «A
( security of our foreign commerce and uav
isattr-n, that he does who resides in a ma
j "line State. Local expenditures have not
of themselves, a correspondent operation.
; I’ioni a bill making direct appropriations
j for such objects, I should m,t have with
, "eld my assent. The one row ictunrd
J does so m several particulars, but it also
contains appropriations for surveys of a
local character, which I cannot approve.
It gives me satisfaction to find that no se
rious inconvenience has arisen from with
itol.itng my approval from ibis bill; nor will
t‘> tiusi, because of regret that an oppor
tunny will be thereby afforded for Congicss
!° 11 v luw i |s provisions under circumstances
eitt r calculated for full investigation than
those under which it was passed.
In speaking of duett appropriations, I
mean not to include n practice which has
obtained to some extent, and to which I
have, in one instance, in a different capaci
•y. g |V en my assent—that of subscribing to
the stock of private associations. Positive
experience, and a more thorough consider
ation of the subject, have convinced me of
the impropriety as well as inexpediency of
such investments. All improvements ef
tocled by the funds of the nation for gene
ra! use should bo open to the enjoyment of
all our fellow citizens, exempt fiom the pay
ment of tolls, or any imposition of that
character. Tho practice of thus ming
ling the concerns of the government with
those of the States or of individuals, is in
consistent with the object ot its institution,
and highly impolitic. The successful oper
ation of the federal system can only ha
preserved by confining it to iho few and
simple, but yet important objects for which
it was designed,
A different praciicc, if allowed to jrro
gicss, would uliirr.aioly change the charac
ter of tnis Government, by consolidating
into one ihn (vencra!
ments, which were intended to be kept for
ever distinct. I cannot perceive how bills
athorizing such subscriptions cap be oiher
wiso regarded than as bills for revenue, and
consequently subject to tho rule in that res
pect prescribed by the Constitution If
the interest of the Government in piivate
is subordinate to that of individuals, the
management and control of a portion of the
public funds is delegated to
unknown to the Constiiution, and beyond
the supervision of our constituents; if su
perior, its officers and agents will be con
stantly exposed to imputations of favoritism
and oppression. Direct prejudice to the
public interest, or an alienation of the af
fections and respect of portions of the peo
ple, may therefore, in addition to the gene
ral discredit resulting to the Government
from embaiking with its constituents in pe
cuniary speculations, be looked for as the
probable fruit of such associations. It is
no answer to this objection to say that the
extent of consequences like these cannot
be great from a limited and small numbrrof
investments, because experience in other
matters teaches us, and we are not at liberty
to disregard its admonitions, that, unless an
entire stop be put to them, it will soon be
impossible to prevent their accumulation,
until they are spread over the whole coun
try, and mado to embrace many of the pri
vate and appropriate concerns of indivi
duals.
The power which the General Govern
ment would acquire within the several States
by becoming the principal stockholder in j
corporations, controlling every canal and j
each sixty or hundred miles of every ini- j
portant road, and giving a proportionate j
vote in all their elections, is almost incon
ceivable, and in my view, dangerous to tho
liberties of the people.
This mode cf aiding such works is, also
in its nature, deceptive, and in many cases
conductive to improvidence in the adminis
tration of tho national funds. Appropria
tions will be obtained with much greater
facility, and granted with less security to
ihe public interest, when the measure is
thus disguised, than when definite and direct
expenditures of money are asked for. The
interests of the nation would doubiless be
better served by avoiding all such indirect
modes of aiding particular objects. In a
Government like ours, more especially,
should all public acts be, as far as practica
ble, simple, undisguised, and intelligible,
ilmt they may become fit subjects for the
approbation or animadversion of the people.
The bill authorizing a subscription to the
Louisville and Portland canal affords a stri*
king illustration of the difficulty of with*
holding additional appropriations for the
same object, when the first erroneous step
has been taken by instituting a partnership
between the Government, and private
companies. It proposes third sub
sn iption on the part of the United States,
when each preceding one was at the time
regarded! as the exient of the aid which
Government was to render to that work;
and Hie accompanying hill of light-houses,
Ac., contains an appropriation for a survey
of the bed of the river, tviih a view to its
I improvement, by removing the obstruction
which tiie canal is designed to avoid. Tins
improvement, if successful, would afford s
ft to passage to the river, and render the
canal entirely useles. To such improvi
dence is tho cou sc of legislation subject, in
ri latiuii to internal improvements on local
matters even with the best inteutions on
the part of Congress.
Although the motives which have influ
enced mo in this matter may be already
suite iently slated, 1 am, nevertheless, in
duced by its importance to add «i sea oh*
* sei vatioiis of a general character.
Id nty objoctious to tho bills authorizing
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, SATUItC^g^M.JpiKUAB V 1, is*.
subscriptions to the MwfSfrlle and Ro,k
vflle Road Companies, I expressed mv
views fully iuregaidto lire power of Con
gross to consrnci roads and canals withirt
a State, or to appropriate money fur impio
vnrents of a local character. If, at die
same time, intimated my belief th ,t ii, o
righi to make appropriation, for such as
were of a national character had been s »
generally acted upon, and so long acquits
j * u Hie federal and State Govern
men*, and thcronsiiiuents of each, as loju-.
; lif y * !s exercise on the ground of continued
and uiniiterrupted usage; but that it was
nevertheless, highly expedient that appro
priations, oven ofihat’character should,with
the exception made at tne time, he defer
rod uniil the national debt is paid, and that,
intlie mean while, sonic general mle for Lie
action of thtr Government in that resoect
oucht io be established.
These suggestions were not necessary to
the decision of tho question then before mi;
and were, I readily admit, intended to a
waken tho attention, and draw forth ’the o
pinions and obsei vulion, of our coustituen's
upon a subject of the highest importance
to iheir iotoiterest, and one destined to ex
ert a powerful iutlnenco upon the future
operations cf our political system. I
know of no tribunal to which a public man
in this countiy, in u case of di übt mid dilli- j
cutty can up;cal wi h greater advantage 1
or more propriety, than the judgment of
the people, and although I must necessarily, 1
io the discharge of my official duties, be 1
governed by the dictates of my own judg- j
meot, I have no desire to conceal mv anx-!
ious wish to conform, as fur ns I cun, to
the views ot tliuse for whom I act.
All irregular expressions of public oj-'n
ion arc of necessity attended with some
doubt as to their accuracy: hut making full
allowances on that account, I cannot, I
think, deceive myself in believing that the
uci3 referred to, us well as tho suggestions
which I allowed myself to make in relation
", *!**”,unon the fur***— ~r '
at the Government, have been approved
by the great body of the pci pie. That
those whose immediate pecuniary interests
are to be affected by proposed expenditures
should shrink front die application cf a iulo
which prefers their more general and re
mote interests to those which are personal
and immediate, is to be expected. But
even such objections must, from the nature
of our population, be but temporary in their
duration; and if it wore otherwise, oui
course should be the same; for the time is
yet I hope, far distant, when those eutiusied
with power to be exercised for the good of
the whole will consider it either honest oi
wise to purchase local favor at the sacrifice
of principle and ilia g< neral good.
So understanding public sentiment, and
throughly satisfied that tho host interests ol
our common country imperiously require
that the course which I have recommended
in this regard should be adopted, I have,
upon the most matuie consideration, deter
mined to pursue it.
It is due to candor, as well to my own
feelings, that 2 should express tho reluct
unce andaoxieiy which I must nt all times
experience in exercising the undoubted
right of the Executive to withhold his as
sent from bills on other grounds than their
unconstitutional!!)'. That this right should
not be exercised on slight occasions, all will
admit. It is only in matters of deep in
terest, when the principle involved may be J
justly regarded as next in importance to |
infractions of the Constitution itself, tlist i
1 such a step can bo expected to meet with
; the approbation of the people. Such an
| occasion do I conscientieusly believe the
present to be. In the discharge of this
delicate and highly responsible duty, I am I
sustained liy the refloctio.l that tho exer-'
cise of this pow er has been deemed consis
tent with the obligation of official duty by
several of my predecessors; and by the per
suasion, too, that, whatever liberal institu
tions may liave to fear from the encroach
ment of Executive power, which has been
every whore the cause of so much strife and
bloody contention, but little danger is to be
apprehended from a precedent by which
that authority denies to itself tho exercise
of powers that bring in their train influence
and patronage of g:cat extent, and thus
excludes the operation of personal interests,
every where the bane cf official trust. I
derive, too, no small degree of satisfaction
from the reflection, that, if I have mista
ken the interests and wishes of the people,
tho Constitution affords the means of soon
redressing the error, by selecting for the
place their favor has bestowed upon me a
citizen whose opinions may accord with
their own I trust in the mean time, the
interests of the nation will be saved from
prejudice, by a rigid application of that
portion of the public funds which might c
thervvise he applied to different objecs to
that highest of all our obligations, the pay
ment of the public debt, and opportunity be
afforded for tho adoption of some beilei
rule for the operations of the Government
ill this matter than any which, has hitherto
been acted upon.
Proufoundly impressed with tho impor
tance of the subjen, not merely as it relates
to the genetal prosperity of ilie country,
but to the safety of the federal sys'em, I
cannot avoid repeating my earnest hope
that all good citizens, who take a propei
interests iu the success and harmony of otr
admirahlo political institutions, and who
ate incapable of desiring •<> convert an op
position state of things into means for tin
gratification ofpeisonul ambition, will, lay
ing aside minor considerations, and discai
ding local prejudices, uiote their honest
exertions to establish some fixed genera
piinciple, which shall be calculated to of
feel thegreaiest extent of public good u
J regard in the subject of intern .1 i.. prove
-1 ami; ff.id the leasi gn.iiujs .’or sec
i tioii-.l disc oil It'll!.
1 lie gene ral ground if u y u! j. c.ion to
uppiopru.tious lias In en heietiduic- expres
sdff; ami 1 shall tiidc-tvet to avoid a repeti
tion of what has been nlreaiiy ‘nt-fod—the
impm lance of sustaining Stale S. vneigu
ties, as i.ir as is i ons sii-i.t wi.h the iigltiful
action of tin.- I ctb ral Govt rum* n*, and t.|
piesti viog ihe grealt st attainable iiarwuuy
beiueen them. 1 will now only add an
oxpiession otmy cot,victim.—a conviction
which every (ley’s experience seives to
conform—ihat the political cimd which in
culcates lb.- pursuits < f liiose great objects
us a painmouiii doty is the nut Lath, and
une to which we me mainly inuebu*] lor
tne present success of the enure system,
and to which we must alone look fur us fu- ]
tine stability.
That there are diversities in the interests
of the difft icni Stale which compose tins
eiuensivt confederacy, must be admitted
1 dose diversities arising fiom situation,
climate, population, and pursuits, are doub
llt.s-. as it is natural they should be, great
ly ex ggcrated by jealousies, and the spirit
of rivalry so ins* parable from neighboting
comiiniiiies. These circumstances make
it the duly of those who are distrusted with
the management of its affairs to neutralise
th< ir (ffacisas t o as prccticablr, by making
die benefit i.il operation oljihe Feuei ul Gov
ernment us equal and ecj iliable among tlie
Several Stales as can bo done cousisUuoy
wnil the gioat ends of its institution.
It is only necessary to refer to undoubted
furs, to sco how far the pint acts ol the
Government upon the subject under con
sideration have fallen stunt t f this object.
Tim expenditures beret*'fine mado lor in
ternal improvements amount to upwards of
five million if dollais, and have been distii
buted in veiy unequal pu pei nous amongst
the Stales. Tiie estimated expense us
works of which surveys have bccu made,
partially surveyed, amounts to im-.o than
ninety-six millions of dollars.
Tnat such improvuieuts on account ot
pniticular circumstances, may ho mere ad
vantage*. nsly and beneficially made iu some
Siates than in others, is doubiless Hue; but
that they are of a character which suould
prevent an equitable distribute ii ol the
funds amoitgis die seveial Stales, is not to
be conceded The want of ihis < qmlubio
distribution cannot fail to prove a prolific
source of irritation umongts the States.
We have it cui.su.ntly before our eyes,]
that professions of supeiior Zeal in the cause
of internal improvement, and a dispusi ion
to lavish ihe public funds upon objects ol
(hat character, are Gaily and earnestly put
Until by aspirants to power, as consiittiung
the highest claims to the confidence ol tbe
people. Would it be s'range, under seen
circumstances, and in times ol great ex
citement, that giants ot litis descrption
should find their motives in ol j ! cis, which
may not accord with the public good 1
Those who have not had occasion io see
and ragret the indication of a sinister Influ
ence in these mailers in past times, have
boen more fortunate than myself in Itieir
observation of the course of public affairs
If to these evils bo added the combina
tions and angry contentions to which sucii
a couise of tilings gives rise, with their bale
ful influences upon the legislation ol Cou
gress touching the leading and appropriate
duties of the Federal Government, it was
hut doing justice to tiie charutloi of our
people to expect the Severe condemnation
of the past winch tho recent exhibition ol
public sentiment h *s evinced.
Nothing short of a radical change in the
action oftlie Government upon .tho subject
can, in my opinii n, remedy tho evil. If,
as it would be nntuial to expert, the States
which have betn let si favored in past ap
propriations should insist on tiing tedit'S
sod in those hereafter to bo made, at tbe
expense of the Slates which have so largely
and disproportionately participated, we
have, as matters notv stand, bin little secu
rity that the attempt would do more than
change the inequality from one quarter to
another.
Thus viewing ihe subject, I have hereto
foie felt it my duty to recommend t lie adop
tion of sotrio plan for the distribution of ihe
suiplus funds w hicli may at any nine le
niuin io the Tieasury alter ihe n ifionai debt
shall have hern paid, among the Stales, in
propoiiioli lo the tmmber <f their H-prc*
seniativcs, to he applied by them to ibjecis
of internal improvements.
Although ibis plan has met with favor in
some poi lions of the F riot;, it bus also eli
cited objtclions wi ich mci it delAu late con
sideration. A bri* f notice of these ol jtc
tions here will not, ihuicfoie, I tiusi, be re
garded as out c f place.
They reel, as far as they* come to my knowledge,
on tho fol!p« ing gioumls:—lst, an objection to iho
ratio of distribution; 2d, au apprchcudon that tno
existence of such a regulation would produce im
provi out ami oppressive axaliou K* raise tho
funds for distribution; dd, that tho mode proposed
would lead lo tne const fecfieii of works of a local
nature, to the exclusion of such as are general,
and as would consequently he of a more useful
character; and iaat. that il weu’d create a discred
itable and injurious dependence, "ii the part otllie
State Governments, upon the federal pewer. Os
those who object to iho ratio of representation as
tho basis of distribution, some insit that tbo im
pollution* of the uspeelive States would cousii
. nle one that w mild be mote equitable, and others,
aoiin, that the extent of their respective tin rTo
ries would furnish a standard winch would be
more expedient, and sufficiently equitable. The
ratio of reprMentation presented itself to my mind,
and it still doe*, as one id obvh.us equity, because
-fils being tbe latio of comriautum. whether tho
fund* to tie distributed be thrived ftom the cus
toms or from direct taxation Ii docs not follow
however, that its adoption is indispensable to (he
.islsbhslnueiil of-the system priqxsec. There
my be considerations appertaining to the subject
vluch would render a departufo, to tome exient,
>.utu the rule *>f oeAtribniioti, proper - Not it
VOLUME Hits NUMBER Iv*
j shmWoJ.. necessary tl. U tbe bads of disp il utb.n
In my first message, I stated it to be mv opic
l !."* ‘ h;, .t '*' ,s ""l probable Dm any kdi.islmt - . t
i , 'll' 0 " 1 rincipl, s saii i.< U,ry t.. ({,<- .
;He of ij,e Dmon. will, until a remote ,i, .1 ,f
■ over, leave the Government without a co»si4 ,
j blesu.pl,,. ~, the treasury, beyond wli»t may be
, required for Us current service ” I have'no can e
to change that opinion, but nun ;, to confirm it -
so, | U l bese expectations be realized, « «,uin,b!«
fund would thus l.e produced f>r the plan undeV
consideration to operate upon; and if (hers be n,
such bind, its adoption, work n , i iury In any in,
lerest; for I cannot assent to tbo t'nstness of !lm
appieliension that Ihe establishment q ic
p-sed system would lend to lire encourage.,i. ,n „f
improvident legislation oftlie character si, ppused.
U Jntover the proper sullm.ity, in the exercise of
eons itnuonal power, shall, at any lime hereafter,
. decide lo be tor lire general good will in that as in
oilier respects, and support of the wholo country,
and we have ample security that every abuse of
power in that regard, by the agents us Uro people,
will receive a speedy and effectual corrective at
their hr n'a Ihe views which I take of the fu.
turn toumlpd on the obvious and iucrcnsinir im.
provement of our fellow-cetiZens, in rntell.aence,
and in public and private virtue, le«c me without
linirii apj)n*hct*vioiiH on ih;it h *.id
Ido not doubt that those who come after ur,
will he as much alive ns nnr are lo tiie obligation
upon a I Ihe trustees ofpolitical power locxenipt
ib-so tor whom they net Irour all unuoeegsary h.n--
I liens, and as sensible of the great liutli, that iho
i (.sources ot the nation, beyend those required 1. f
the immediate and nece*sary purl’ose* of Govern*
merit, can no !i .* r• ■ !>c no wctll deposited as in tho
pockets of the people.
It may sometimes happen that the interests cf
part icular states, would not be deemed to roincida
with the general interest in relation to inn.io e.
ment within such siai« s |} ut ,f u, e danger to
be apprehended from this source is sulHci -nt to
require it, a discretion might ho reserved t . fon
gre s to direct, lo such improvements of a gener
al character a* ihe Slates, under the restriction of
confining to each Slate tiro expenditure of ilg ap
propriate quota, it may, however, be assumed
a safe, general rule, that such improvements *va
serve lo increase the prosperity of the respective
Males in which they aro made, by giving new fa
cilities to trade, and thereby augmenting tiuj
wealtii and comfort of tiieirinbabihints, constitoo.
tho mresl nuulccf i i V .a«.uum. | no strchgtii
as well as ihe true glory of tho confederacy is
mainly frounded on tlie prosperity and p-wer if
tho several independent sovereignties of which it
i* composed, and the certainly wilh which they
cun bo brought into succcisful, active co-opera
tion, through the agency of iho Fcdoial Govern
ment.
It is, moreover, within the knowledge of such
as are at all conversant with public affairs, that
schemes of internal improvement have, from time
to time, been propo cd, which, from their extent
and seeming magnificence, wero regarded ass
national concernment hot u hich, upon fuller c .
sideralion and further experience, would now •
rejected with great unanimity.
That the plan under consideration, Would derh a
important advantages from its certainty, and that
the moneys set aprt for these purposes would h«
more jildiciou: !y applied and economically expen
ded under the direction of tho Slate 1 egislnluics,
iu which every part of each State is inunediaiely
represented, cannot, I think, bo doubted. In tho
new Stutcs particularly, where a comparatively
small population is scattered over an extensive
surface, and the representation in Congress con
sequently very limited, it is natural to expect that
tho appropriation: made hy tho Federal Govern
ment would be more likely to bo exnondcd in iho
vicinity of those members through whose imuindi.
ate agency thoy wero obtained, ih.in if the funds
were placed under the control of tho Legislature
iu which every county of tho Hate has its ov u re
presentative Tliis supposition does not necessa
rily impugn the motives of such Congressional
representatives, nor is it so intended' \Vo are all
sensible of tho bias to which the strongest minds
and purest hearts aro, under such circumstancos,
liable. In respect to the last object ion, its probable
effect upon the dignity and Independence of tho
State Governments, itnppcear* lonic only nnee»
sary lo state the caso as it is, and ns it would he
if the measure proposed were adopted, to show
that the operation is most liholy to bo the verv re
verse of that which the objection supposes.
Iu the one caso, the Mate would receive its
quota oftlie rational revenuo fur domestic use up
on a fixed principle, as a matter of right, and from
a fund to the creation of which it had itself con
tributed its fair proportion There coaid be mail-
ing derogatory in that.. As matters now stand, Ihe
Slates themselves, in their sovereign character
are not tinfrequcntly |>ctitioners at the bar of tho
Federal Legislature for such allowances out of tire
national treasury ss it may comport with tlnrfr
pleasure or sense of ddty to bestow upon them.
It cannot require argument to prove which of iho
two courses is inoat compatible wi Ii the efficien
cy or respectability of the State Governments.
But all those arc matters fordisenssb n and dis*
passionate considerations. That thu desired nd
justment would be attended with difficulty, ass rHz
no reason why it should not be attempted Tho
effective operation cf such motives would have
prevented the adoption of the Constitution under
which we have so long lived, and under thd be
nign influence of which our beloved country has
signally prospered. The frnnieia of hat sacred
instrument had greater difficulties to overcome,
and thoy did over come them The pat mtisin ..f
the people, directed by a deop conviction of t| lo
importance of tho Union, produced mutual concer
sion and reciprocal tbrbcaance. , Strict light was
merged in a spirit of compromise, and the result
ha*consecrated their disinterested devotion to the
general weal. I'tdess the American people have
degenerated, the same result ran be again effected,
whenever experience points out the necessity of
a resort to the same means lo upheld Ihe fabric
which their father* have reared II is out oftlie
power of man to make a systoni of government
like ours, or any other, opo*ale with precise equa
lity upon states situated iike Ihn c which compose
this confederacy; nor is inequality olw .ys injus
tice. Every date cannot expect to shapo the
measures of the General Government to suit its
own paiticular inteicst The causes which pre
vent it aro seated in the nature of things, and
cannot be entirely counteracted hy human mean.-.
Mutual forbearance, therefore, becomes a dntv
obligatory upon all; and we may. lain conlidon",
count on a clieerlnl compliance with this high in-
I j’.lne.tion on the part of our constituents. It is
| not to be supposed that they wilt o' jeet to make
j such comparatively inconsiderable sacrifices for
the preservation of rights and privilege* which
other less favored portions of the world have - .
i vain waded tliaongh seas of blood to acquire
j Our course is a safe one, if it be hut faithful'y
adhered to. Acquiescence in tho constitutional -,-
expressed will of the majority, anil the exon ; o
of that will in a spuit o( moderation, justice ii
brotherly kindness, w ill coiisttiiiie a cement w’bo
would forever prp orve our Union Those wi >
cherish and inculcate Heiiiinients like these rep.
dt-r ft most essential service lo iheir country;
whilst tho-C why seek to weaken‘he r iofl ioio
are. however conscientious and p aisewnrtliy their
intentions' iu effect its worst erieiiiio*.
If the intelligence nod influence of the country,
instead of laboring to fomont seciion.d prejtt<fi<" i,
to be made subsequent In parly win taro, wen-, in
go< and Ifiilh, applied loJ.bc eradieg'ion , f csti: es • 1
, j real discontent, hv the itiiprerciuenf of oui lic.i