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. l ions, nuJ t.y fa<-r ita';::? tkv.r nd -:»»*oa tu?
condition of the tunc*, llit« tis< would prove one
of loss dr tiioulty May w* n ><• Iwpe ttint the o.ivt
o»j«» intoros'B of »»nr c-'inm i »«intry T anj n"! dic
tates of an on r ! oatriotss- », w.I!, la the ent.
lokl the ptilthc land in th.tt dire«-«ioi».
After uii, tho vwt'ire of tlio siiUi'Ct doc-, no* ad
.nit of a plan * Inky free fro •> objection I hat
which In* for mm time boon in opemri i w, per
haps, the worst that con'll exist; ..ml e very ad
vance that can bo made in is iinarovamcnt is a
i.ia'tcr euiincutly tv >r»hy youl lu-’st (1- .toerale ut
tewtiou. •
Ii is very pusstliin that ptm unitor cal
culated -t«» effect I'm «»! j fits in view nm\
yet bo tlevpctii 11 it is to hope I that,
lapse who disapprove ol thu ptst, A- d:s
sent from wh. t is propose.l i*r the (mute,
witl feel it their duty !.» 'I: -act their atten
lion to it, as they must b«> .sensible that,
unless some Hx«<l rule for the h c let.tl G.iv-
ernmeui ta this respect it e stab In; he I, the j
e irnse no tv attempted to ho attested will j
bo again r«ro:lcl to. Aay mode which is
calculated to give tho annie-i degree < f
rft’ect find harmony to our I: -gtsl-ttiuti upon
the subject, which shall best serve to keep
the movements of tho l* erctal Govern
merit within the sphere intended by those
win modelled nr, 1 those who nd >;>ted it
wftich shall I : td t ) tint uxtniguiilimpiit of
the national and» bt in tho sli-utest period,
ntul impose tho lightest btirdons upon our
consiituents; sltal! receive from me a cot
dial and tirm support.
Among tho objects of groat national con
cern, I cannot omit to pre-t again upon
your atteiwmn that ptrt of the Constitution
which rognl ites the electi m of l’resident
and Vice President. The necessity fur its
amendment is made so clear to tny mind
by the observ ttiuu of its evils, .md by the
many ablo discussions wh'u.b they have e
Jicited on the tin >r of Congress anl else
where, that I should ho warning to my duty
were i to withhold another expression of
inv deep solicitude* upon the subject. Our
s/stem, fortnnately contempt s es a recur
rence to fust principles; differing, in this
respect, from all that have preceded it,
and securing it, l trust etjually against the
decay and tin commotions which have
marked the progress of otoer Governments
Our fellow ciiizniH, too, who, to propor
tion to their love ol liberty, keep a steady
eve upon the moans of sustaining it, do
iwi_, require to he reminded ol tiio duty
seiitial <ivi —“>"ns to remedy ail us
system. While they are sensible tli ti’ev
ery evil atiendum upon its operation ], not
nocessarily indicative of a bad organiza
tion, but may proceed from temporary
causes, yet .he It tbitual presence, or even a
single instance of evils which can he clear
ly traced to an organic defect, will not, I
trust, he overlooked through a too scru
pulous voneralios for Iho work of their
ancestors The Constitution was an ex
porim?nt committed to the virtue end in
telligence of tho greit miss of our country
men, in whoso ranks the framers of it them
selves were to perform the part of patriot
ic observation ani scrutiny; and if they
hive passed from the stage of existence
with an increased confidence in its gener
al adaptation to our condition, wo should
learn from authority so high the duty of
fortifying tile points in .1 which time proves
to he exposed, rather than he deterred from
approaching them bv the suggestions of
tear, or too dictates o( misplaced rever
ence
A provision wfiich does not secure to tiio
people a direct choice of (heir Chief Mi
gistiale, but ins a tendency to defeat their
will, presented to mv mind such an incon
sistency with the general spirit of our insti
tutions, that 1 was induced to suggest for
your consideration tho substitute t> liicli ap
peared to me at the same lituo the most
likely to correct the evil & to meet the
views of our consiituents The most ma
ture reflection since, Ins added strergth to
the beiisf that the best interest of our coun
try require tho speedy adoption of some
pi m calculated to effect this end. A con
tingency which sometimes places it in the
power of a single member of itie House of
Representatives to decide an election of
so high and solemn a dr wacter, is unjust to
tho people, and becomos, when it occurs
a source of omb m ismciit to the individual
thus brought mto power, and a causa of dis
gust of tho representative body. Liable as
the confederacy is, from ji s great extent to
parlies founded upon sectional interests,
and to a corresponding multiplication of
candidates for the Presidency, iho tenden
« V of tho constitutional reference to die
House of Representatives, is, to devolve
the election upon that body in almost every*
instance, and whatever choice may then hi
made among the candidates thus presented
to them, to swell tne influence of particular
interests to a degree inconsistent with the
general good. The consequences of this
feature of thu Constitution appear far more
threatening to the peace and integrity of
the Union than any which lean conceive
as likely to result from the simple legisla
tive action ol the federal Government.
It was a leading object with the (r imers
ol the Constitution to keep a S separate as
possible iho action of the Legislative and
Executive brandies ot iho government.—
To secure tins object. nothing more essen
-1 i l l th in to pieserve tiio former from the
temptations of private iuieicst and, tlicre
t ire, so to direct the putr mage of the latter
us not to purniit such temptations to be of
fered. Experience abundantly demon
wr ites tint every precaution in this resjiect
is a valu ible safeguard ol liberty, and one
" niv reflections ujion the tendencies
<1 mr system incline me to think should be
made still stronger, it was for this reason
that, in connexion with an amendment of
tiie Constitution, removing .ill intermediate
agency in the choice of the President I
recommended some restrictions upon the
ie-eligibility o| that oflice , and upon the
tenure of offices ganerdly. The .earnin'
still ex. sts; and I renew the recommenda
tion, w ith an ioc-oased confi lence tb it irs
adoption will streng hen those checks by
u’liioli the Constitution designed to secure
,/iu in tep ndcoce of each department 0 f
he C .vernA’iit an ! protrnt? <-h ? ! lc ,!i{ f j
and equitable a. aiaulr iiieo of an the
trtiits which it his crested. Too agent
most lik* Iv t‘> contrsv. uc ihs design if the
Const::n i>n is the C.iio! Jltgi-tratc In
order, p irlicul ifly, tint h:> appeiutm.-ti'
lit iv, os far as possible, be p ! a.r<*d beyond
the ri.-ie'a of any improper inllmmee-; m
or ler (ii << lie m tv approach im- solemn re
spn.isi‘>ilities of the highest otfi to in thu
gftof a Lee pcop'c, uocomnd t-d to any
otit r cuuise ill m the strict line of consliio
tionsl rtirv; and lit iit'ior securid. s lor this
in lepau ieuce ti» «y he ten'or* t as strong
as tiio ii iture of power, and the weakness
of its jiossessur, wi ; l admit, l caun. I too
eirnestlv invite your attention to- tie pro
printv of pro-noting suen an a.nan iuient ol
the Consiitution as will render iii n i:u.-!igi
ble after one term ui set Vice.
1 1 gives m t pleasure :o arimunce to Cm
gress that tha bnnevolent policy of the
Government, steadily pursued f.r uenly
hilly veins, in itlaiton to ihc itmoval o!
tli:.- ] mli his beyond tiio white sett.ements,
is appro idiuig to a happy consti nation.—
Two import ml tiihes have accepted the
provisi-m mi do for ih>-ir re noval at ihe ! ist
session ol Coiigtcss; mi l it is believed that
t'j.-ir exinpie wi'.i induce iiie reinaiitiii”
tribes, also, to souk Uta same nbvtoirt .id v a is—
(ages.
r T;ic consequences of a speedy removal
will be i np irtant to the U..ned States, to
individual States, and to tiio Indians them
selves. Tne pecuniary advantages which
it promises to the Government aie tne
lets! of its recommendations. It puts an
and to all poss'ldo danger of coUission be
iween iho authorities of tne General and
State Governments on account ol the !u
--diatis. It will place a dense anil civilized
population in largo tracts of the country
now occupied by u few savage hunters.—
l»y opening the whole territory het-veen
Tenness e on the north, and louisian t on
the souih, to the settlement of ilia whites,
it will incalculably strengthen the south
western frontier, and render the a-'jaceui
States strong enough to topel future inva
sion without remote aid. It will iclieve
the whole State of Mississippi, and the
western ptrt of Alabama, of Indian occu
paucy, an l enable those States to advance
rapidly in papulation, wealth and power.—
It will sepiraie the Indians from immediate
contact with settlements of whites; Lee
them so ptirsue'fittpp’iness in fiietr’'own"way
and under their own rude institutions; will
retard the progress of decay, which is les
sening their numbers; and perhaps cause
them gradually under the protection of tin-
Government, and through the influence of
good counsels, to cast off their sivage hab
its, and become an interesting, civilised,
an l Christian community. These conse
quences, some of (hem so certain, and the
rest so probable, mako the complete exe
cution of the plan sunctioued by Congres,
at their last session an object of much soh'-
citu e.
Toward the aborigines of the country no
one can indulge a more friendly feeling
than myself, or would !>o further in attemp
ting to reclaim them from their wandering
habits, and mike them a happy and pros*
perous people. I hive endeavored to im
press upon them my own solemn convictions
of the duties and powers of the General
Government in relation to the Stito au
thorities For the justice of the laws pas
sed by the Stales within the scope of their
reserved powers, they are not responsible
to this Government. As individuals, we
may entertain and express our u|)iuions of
their acts; hut, as a Government, we have
as little right to cootrol them as wo have to
prescribe laws toj'oreign nations.
With a full understanding of the subject,
lit” Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes It ive
with great unanimity, determined to avail
themselves of the liberal offers presented
by the a. t of congress, and have agreed to
remove beyond thu Mississippi river. Trea
ties have been undo with them, which, in
due season, will be submitted for consider
ation. In negotiating these treaties, they
were made to understand their true condi
tion; and they have preferred maintaining
iheir independence in the western treaties
being probably the lust which will ever be
made with them, are characterised by great
liberality on the part of the Government.
They give the Indians a liberal sum in con
sideration of their removal, and comforta
ble subsistence on their arrival at their new
homes. It it be their real interest to main
tain ,i sepirato existence, they will theie be
it libony to do so without the inconveoien
cies and vexations to which they would un
avoidably have been subject in Alabama
and Mississippi.
Humanity has often wept over ihe fate
of the aborigines of this county, and phi.
lanthrophy has been long busily employed
in devising means to avert it. U.it its j>ro
gress lias never for a moment been arrested
mil one by one have many powerful trilies
disappeared from tho earth. To fellow to
the tomb the last of his rice, and to tread
on the graves of extinct nations, excites
melancholy reflections. Cut tiue phi! m
thropy reconciles the mind to these vieissj.
tu les, as it does to the extinction ~f traces
of an unknown people, spread over the ex
tensive regions ol the west, we behold the
memorials of a once powerful race, which
was extermimted, or lias disappeared, to
make room for the existing savage tribes.
Nor is there any thing in this, which, upon
a co nprehnn«ive view el the general inter
« s*s of the human race, is to bn regretted.
Philanthropy could not wish to see this con
tinent restored to the condition in which it
was found by out forefathers. Win g () ,j
nan would prefer a country covered with
forests an J ranged by a few thousand sava
ges to our extensive republic, studded with
cities, towns and prosperous farms; embel
lished with all the improvements which art
cm devise, or industry can. execute; occu
nied by more than twelve millions of hap
pv people, and filled with all the blessings
of liberty,civilization, and religion.
Tho jiresent policy „f Government is
but a continuation of tho same progressive
change by a milder progress. Tuo tribes I
u o.JI oc*' 'pied l ! - • ’• s ' (
hug the i n S ales were anuih'd *!*mJ, <o '
Ii iv« nuTnd aw t}, t > make mom for the
whites Toe w ives at .population >'sJ ci- !
vil zui to ttio westwa. ; and
j. , v i
otajjßcJ CTHHiTred man "• ,i,( ‘ -'and and
WiSfcpv a jfrNjwli tug \ and, at the e.xpi-nse
of |hn to s. od them m I md
where their existence may ho prolonged,
aui pcihips mile pcip- tad. 1> it
wi ; | in painful to leave tbe «r»ve*. of their
fitiim; but do they mere tii -u ian a.-tces
t.-iin did, or than our coil Iren are now do
ing? To better their condition in an un
known I tnd, out f<»ref-it* , ers ieit *!! ioat was
dear in earthly uLj cis. Our children, by
thousan («, ve n'y leave the land id their
birth, to seek new hemes i:t ci-.t nit regions.
1) o>s iHitnat.i.y weep at these paint ands i-a:-
atious front every tiling anifflate um ! ittiui
unt •, with which tl> n yotmg heart h‘s be
come entwined! F t front it. It is rath
er a source if joy that nur country i.flro-ds
scope where our young nopt,! ti-on may
range unconstrained ». luov or in in md, de
veloping the power and faculties td itiati
in tli ir leghest perfection. Tncsn re ttove
hundred-, and a! most t :iotisin,:s <d nuiea, at
llteir tiwii expense, purchase ttte lands they
occupy, and suppmt themselves at their
aaw Imnio from the moment of their aiai
vil. Can it bo tfritei in tliis Government,!
when, by events which it cannot control !
the 1 nit in is made discontented hi his an
cient home, to purchase his lands, to t> ‘v*. ;
him anew and extensive bn itory, to j. iv
th • expense of his removal, and sojtjstnt
hi n a yeat in bis new abode? fl ■ v many
til m o ids of our own people wouhi gluilyj
nnibrar.fi iho oppot tnni'.y »>( rmnoving to j
till! west O ) slj 'll COildtliallv! If t’tU i (1 TS
iiride to the Indians were extended to them,
they would bn It tiled with gratitude anil
j ’.V-
And is it supposed tint tho warn! -ting sa
vage has a stronger att ic!)amut to hts home,
ill in the seit’ed, civilist-1 C n isiiai? Is n
mote iitflictiiig lo li’in in leave th.- giavosef
his fp.hois, than it is to our brothers aui
chi dree? Rightly considered, the policy
‘of the Getietal y-.verifni¥»U toward# die
led men is not only liiieiu! but gem-ri.u--.
H- is unwilling to submit to the laws of the
States, ytd 'tiiugio with tlb’ir jiupul iti ot.—
To save him fmni tills alternative, or pur
itans it:ter ai)i)i:iJa:io,i,ithe General G.iv
eruuieni liniui* . n'-.... >■■■■> anew home, and
proposes to pay the wliolo expense of li:s
removal and sutiloment.
In iho consultation of a policy* origina
ting >t an eaily period,.tad stonlHv pursued
by every edministraiion within the ptesunt
ceniuty —-jo just to the States, and so geu
e;ous to ihn Indians the Execu ive fuels
i iiois s light to expect the co-operation of
Congress, and of i I good and disinter
ested men. The States, moreover, have
a right to demand it. It was substantially
a part ol the compact which made them
members of our contedefacv; with Georgia
there is an express contract; with the new
States, an implied one, ol equ and obliga
tion. Why, in authorizing Ohio, luoian i,
Illinois. Missouri, Misstppi, iind A' ibauia,
to form constitutions, and become separate
states, did Congress include within their
limits extensive tracts of Indian land-*, and,
in some instances, powerful Indian tribes?
Was ii not understood by both jiaities liiat
the power of the Status was to hi-gouto tu -
extensivo with their limits, and tint with
all convenient despatcii the general gov
eminent should extinguish the indian title,
and remove every obstruction to the com
plete jurisdiction of the state gc.vct tiuients
over the soil? Probably not otto of titiisn
St ties would have accepted a separate ex
istence—-certainly it would never hive
been granted by congress—had it been ttu
derstoud that they were to be coidioedfor
ever to those small portions oft heir nomi
nal territory, iSio indian title to which had
at the ti tie been extinguished.
It is, therefore, a doty which this Gov
ernment owes to the States, to extinguish,;
as so m as possible, the Indian title to nil;
lands which Congress themselves h ive in- !
eluded within their limits. When this i,!
done, the duties of the general Government I
in relation to the S ates,andindians within;
their limits are at an end. The Indians
may leave the Stale or not, as they choose.
‘Tile put chase of their Ends does not alter
mi the (east, their personal ta jaiions with
ho State Gevernmet)'. JN i u:t t f the
General Gov<-irnncut has tvei bt-en deem-
ed necessary to give the Suites jurisdiction
over the persons <d' the Indian*. 'That
they possess, by vit too t f their sovoioign
power within their own limits, in as fell a
manner before a; after the putcha-o of the
Indian lands; nor can this Government add
or diminish ii.
May »•« net h"|)'', therefore, tint all
good citizens, a.ad imho more z al ius y
than those who think the Indians npprensrd
by subjection to i t >.s of the Si-Mis, mil
unite in attempting to open the eves of
those ch ldren of the ferCsl to their tiue
condition, and, by a sjieedv removal, to re
lieve them ft uni the t-vils, tea! or i mu ajjin
j ary present >u prospect’Ve, with witch ;!iey
may be support'd to be threateiii-d.
Aaiong the numerous causes of congrat
ulation, the condition of our impost revenue
j deserves speci and nieniiot:, tu as mu. it as it
; promises the means of < x'inguishiog ihe
j |»u«ii c debt sooner rum w.<s autii i.iated, md
furnishes a strong illustration of the j>. -cu*
j ca! effects of tiie present turilf Ujiun tmr
commercial in'eres's
! Fhe otijeci ot iho tariffis objected to by
some as unconstitutional; and it is cottsiu
erej by al.nust all as defective iu many of
its pails.
i lie power to impose du;:es on imports
originally belonged to tiie several States
! The right to unjust those Julies with u
: view to tho encouragement of domestic
nrunelies ot industry is so completely iu
c.iiiental to that power, that ii is dithu-nlt to'
suppose the existenen of one v. iihout ti e
other The States have delegated their
wh U authority over imports to tiie Gun-;
er and Goveminuul, wi bout liuiiiuiitni or re- j
eviction, saving the very incunsidtiublore-
Jr l i-tg ti - >T”'• ! : j
Ti.is tilth ri'y hiving tints entirely p*v • j
fro It ih'- S (•* S, itin rtt’bt U»»‘xomse it t» j
■he purpose ot pr-ten does not ex*"' «’• j
them; and, . nes. q ten 1,, it ti be not pus j
| sessed by lh<* G - tter«l Gov-rnaitt t, t ,
must to- < x tile'. Out pel.t ea! sy.t m
' w.-ul.l tX»■ i— pie C!l' tin* nmona'y ot a...-note ;
| snipped of the right r.o foster their own tit
! duisi v, and to <-■ ucn ih t ti'e Re-st se ii '•
and dest.ocaive p.do V Witch «»■•:'**' l "-‘ a *
' and pled by f> relgu r'i n <! - I ' ! '- s ' |J 1
1 caonit be the c;to t his m l speiiscbii* pe« *
J er, thus sin te.ojiue-'i liy the St itc--, must he
I wiihiu i<)»‘ ilip sc»p« t 4 tUo .iiiihuiiiy °*»
i su!>j»»rt *:% iii »!».!< j i'gJ l‘» (>'■' £'• f ' *• •
l.i [\i\s Ci»nc:t)*it»;> c t mu ci uti ui \ is
wi !1 ! y iIi?? i>|i!;i!uiiS Pfesult-lHs
J mgtoo, Jitfe-rson,- Mi rii.- on, ami Mua ■<',
who itive t:ac!i icp leuiy reconi'oeuded
the exercise ottiiis right under the Coii>ti-
I iu'ioo, as bv the iinifeitsi practice of C-.ut»
gr ss, the continued aq .icscettcfe ol tuc
States, ami liiu general understanditig t’fthe
’ people.
! The diffi u'-.iaa «f \ more exp- d:t:nl a
just.iiuut of the present l-uift, aitlmugh great,
are tn tVoia being iusurniouoialile. S'-hw
are unwilling to impn va any of its putts,
l)e.c.tnse*uioy would destroy the whole :u
--iiiuis feat to touch tile l)b jOCtiOUahlct pal *,
lust those they apptove should t>o
jeopardised. 1 ant |)tusuatlud that the ad
vocates oi ttiese coitliictie.g views do iejos
tice to tlia Ameuicm people, and to their
Rept'ose.titalivca. '1 lit) gt'iteral intr.-icst is
the interest of each; mid toy coi.fi it m u is
entire, tli 11 , to ensure the adoption of so h
niodiiic itioiis ol the lai ti is tho genet ol in
terest requires, it is only in-cessuiy that mat
interest should bt? undi’i-stoml.
Ii is an itdi.Coiiy -t in nutuie to ittittglo
ottr interests anil prr-jadicr.s with the op. r
ii'ion of our retisoiiing jx wet'*,.and a'tti-
Itu o to the objects if our likes and dislikes
qualities they do not possess, and effects
they cannot produce. i'ne effects cd the
| ptfcsent tariff are dn.il>'!. ss overruled, bolii
jin iti eviL and in its advantages. By one
class of re isotiurs, the reduced juice ot cot
ton and other ag; ieiiltur-ii producis i* ns—
cribed wholly to its ir tluenee, and by ano
ther, the reduced price of manufectnied ar
ticles. T‘to ptobability is, that neither o
pinion apjiroaches lit*! ti tnn, and that bolii
are induced by that iofl it-t.'a of interests
and prejudices m which l have referred. —
Tiie decrease ot prices oxsemts tnrougttoui
•he coninioici and world, etnbreeing not only
the raw m timid aid t lie inanut tcutred ar
ticle. hut provisions and lands. The c.uso
must, there to.e, bod epot* and more per
vading than tho tariff of the United States,
it ueiy in a measure, be nttiibutab'e to the
increased value of the precious metals, jnt.-
duced by a diiuinution of tiie supply, and
an increase in tho demand ; while commerce
has rapidly ex'fit'Jed itself, and population
his augmented. The supply of gold and
silver, the general medium of exchange,
has been greatly inUniupted by civil con
vulsions in the countries from which they
are jtrituijially drawn. A part of the ef
fect, too’ is doubtless owing to an increase
of operatives and improvements in mach
inery. But, on the whole, it is question;.-
hlo whether the ie<iii<*:on in the juice id
lands, produce, and manufactures, has been
groater ihau|ihe\ajipt eciation of (he st mcai J
of value.
While (he chief ohj ■ct of duties should
he revenue, they may be so -..justed as to
encourage inanufectures. In litis adjust
ment, however, it is the duty of the Gov
ernment to be guided by llie general good.
Oojects of national importance alone ought
to be peotected ;<.f these, the productions of
our soli, out mines, and our workshops, es
sential to nuti toil defence, occupy the first
rank. Whatever other species of domes
-1 industry, having the imp rt .nco tn which i
have referred, may be expected, after u in.
pnrary protection, to e.onqit-te with f.ueign
labor on equal terms', mi t it the same utnn
lion in a sobotdinato degree.
The present tanff taxes some of the com
forts of life unnccessairlv high; it undertak
es to protect interests to-i local and minute
to justify a general exaction; and it also at
tt-mp's to free so.tie kim:s <>f inannfaetures
lor tvhie.h the count: » ts not ripe. Much
relief wiM he derived, in seme of these re
spects, from the measures of your lust sts- 1
sion.
The best ns will as the fairest mode of
determining whether, f out any just consid
eration, a particular interest ought to teet.-i-
j va protection, would he to submit the que^
| lions singly for deliheraiiun. if, after due j
I examination of its nteriis, unconnected widt
j extraneous ct-usitleiationr; such as a desire
j to sustain a general system, or to jmrehase
I sopjxiit fur a diff nut inlota-s'; it should in- j
j list in its favor a mttjori’v of the Rrpresen
! 1 i aos of thejvoopfe, there can be little tian
| got' of wrong or injury in adjusting the in -
jiffwirii roftiien. fi to its juotor.iive t ff.-ct.
; What is inrtilculably more itnjiortaui, tho
; vital prinrijde of tut; system; that ptine.'plo
j which it qiirtis a< quins< <u i u it) the will of
! the majoiity; wnniu best cure bom the uis
i emdit and tbmger to which-v is expos'-d i>v
i the acts of m 'jot ittes, founded, not on idiot,
j ! i.y eif conviction, hut on count inaiim.s ofe
small in inoi ities, entered iiiio f->r the pur.:
pose* of inu'uai assistance in trieusuius wins li !
; rrs»ing solely nil their own merits, could j
j never be can id.
| * According to the e-timutes at tiie Treas..
toy l)‘ jiarintent, tiie reeepts in the Tieus
tny (ituing the pi esent year will amount to;
: a i' ll ly *f. ui millions tote hundred and six’t- I
one tli ius Hid an-l <ie!iietn dollars, which,
will exceed bv nbour time hundred thou.!
sain i do! iars ilie estimate presetted in the
I !>t annual report of the Secretary of the!
i’leasmy. Tire total c xpiuuiiture riming j
the year, c xt lnsive r ! jiuhtte debt, is rstima
ted at thirteen millions seven Hundred and!
forty-hvo thousand tlnoe hundred and e-|
(even dollars; and tne ji.iymcnt on account
of public deb! set the sumo jieiiifc) will liavr
been eleven n-.illi. ns tlm.'O I nndrcd and
fi.‘ty-foilr ilmusand six hnndrud and thirty
dnflars; leaving a b dauce iu the Treasmy,
on the first of January, 1831, of four mid
ion- eight hundred and nineteen tiu>Uiu!i (i
o ai.-i
In th** r.rtti.al..--ioi • in- t:.-Hl
it., tiers " fl»* Is m*» t . -
uil-i.is h-.V! •>- *-■! UI off l«\ I.o' f t-l
f)-|mlmrief *•-: < ■-• 2' '* p .n.oa.y
mo ui-tbl.l'y «!* ,- 'ft '■"*, •■••• - ‘ir -
oi»*fo ]>o l :tnui p.tymetii . i :i> |>uh.tr do y
'I ,i- revenue entt- r set vei- In': Imi r. --*n
z I, i>nJ j*t >ee- •■*» -» ,* .1 I ohn.'. ;■.<,!
lic-.t, !’) o* lltcroa-o . i 1-jl • o s il «v ; od
j-,.;;*rl- lit;| :'* 1 ./ S Hlllo): .i i*Of
ii,o a :if Ma , fi' .v. . o • Hi*j *« it •> t'i
iipiir.ltsltK 111 ci met ■ II JlldlS ", flaVo *.»l "-ilit:
t-i! -.'o!:. !i i r-;;!- ovr'iii-ut 'll cm! ex*.'«:-ltu;'t <4
l!i- |:a •, i; no • . n t.y ..gains! the :•<•.,!«
ur.s i o t at* s upon the r»vcuui>. A-.»••
to. in tin! .it.o v.istees i*ic fishing bolt on 's
iiave its ■ b.-r-n eortcr od. and a m Until
siv'-tt-a in ib *t hi :• to.ll ol t‘ue si’t v. !" fI.T! V
ass efi-d. in ad lit.ion In t'.n-sr* i*u';.;ov: -
tuen.'s, the system ot t xjfndfn-o I r-si tv
seamen Oub'iigtng to 11 1 ts hm-h act y ; *: vict!
Jjas hern r* vi-u * ; -u»d, b y to .*g »•'«•! *«vd
llnifmn and i-niuritm i, the ft * - ’ • .e
fund r.pplteal'h* t» ibis t i.j-ct havu o n
u fitidiv **x’• tided.
Tilt* Ji I.S.U'I'!! v"f our country is f
- evinced by the Mil l a.-’.d «r-v
i ising ft tun the sale <d i ,, i'..!ic ! > •*
appear from tli" report . t the co.ne-* • ...
id the. G •aer-tl Lnui Oift.-e, an ! the -
menu aecoiTiji tnitig it, wii*eh me Ism - . n
tiaiis liiiletl. ! hag IfctVtr in draw Vo .r -
tt .iu.ui to this it'jnut, and to the proj-n- y
r:f m iking fi.nly apprupri itiutis lor tins ■, b
j rets \» Licit ti sjiceiti
Your attention is api n invited t" t.hs
SU 1 j. els connected tvt'twiial pultioii t ! ! 1: d-
JIUU it: intfci es*S iii l asted til iho W il t> -
|oir!n»t.-nt. .S-miu of dio.u »eta» ret.iiel in
iti t* * \ Soi m.-i message; and they ate ('• *•'**
.seated in dot.iii in the report of the See*. -
t.uy ol Wat. iierewdfi snhmiited, lr< I r
y-iin, uls , to tiio repott ot that etVscvr for .t
kiioa lefigo of tiie st Ho of■!.« Army, ioin
fi'atiotis, arsenals, at<d Indian ail nr*; ill of
which, n wdf be pet Ceivetl, hiv ■ fen u gu c
ded wi ll zm.feus a'.tenlioii and cart*. I. is
wort It v o! v.iur consideintioii, wi»*-'hi*r the
atanaiiients necessiry for the tor: fe: Minns
on our iiiariiiiiifi fionlier, wiiicii tiro now,
or short!v .• ill hi*, co-iiph't.* !, siioul-i n. I
he ill read:m ss so oifir t’lilt lire eosionvny
appro)): i iiioi.s wil! ciiaii!.: the D pa - tu*. .1
to provido li en-, 'l’his piucutitio.! s< -_-u.s
to be due to thu general system ‘d foci Ii a
tloti tvhreh n is been smcno ibv Cogti-s -,
an! tin com: * ri-lt-rl by Ui .t tn.xi'n oi ivi -
and it'll nhn-.fr tods us iii peace to pn-p i.-e 1 r t
War.
I t< f t yon to the report of tie- Sceieo*-
of tire N ivy for a highly satisfactory a* ci i (,
of lilt! m inner i.a winch tiro concerns es
tiiat Dep oim.-ni Slave boen conducted <! .
ii;ig tho jiresent year. Our posi'iou in ie
lation to tiro most 'powerful iiamins of die
earth, and tho jifi-seot eoii:!i|io:i of Europ. ,
ilium,ii...i us to rheiis'.i tins uim id out na
tional defeugo with peculiar care. Sepa-
rated t>y ivido sous from all those G ivei':-
•»'!!>• w*!iose [lower wn miglil liavu leasuri
to uio.oi, wu have nothing to npprelt id
f out allfitnpis at conques'. it is t-lti tic
attacks upon our comm.Mce, ani im rax
ing tnioads upon out coast, against witiefi
wo have to go.ud, \ naval tote.e aJi qtiate
.l c* tiio protection of our coinumi ce, ' »!>v tvs
t:float, with an aceumai iHou ot thfi met.' ::
to givo it a tajitd ex 1 elision ia case r.f need,
Itiroiid'.cs tiie jmivcr by which all such ag
jgressiutts in ry ho ju t Vented ot repelled. Tne
attention <d t (iovtir iiiucut has, Men i
tore, been lecuutlv directed more to jnt-sci-
VUig tiie* j.ubhc vessels ah- any t.uilt, n.,d
tnoviiling maicii.tis to bo pliciil iu dflp.o
i'-t futuie tise, (ii..ti tu incieasi'ig tin ir nuto»
bet. Willi Kit* aid . ( <’ uigitss in a few
years tiie Government win be juepued, tfi
Case t! einei gi my, to tint a tiiat a power
ful i\ *vy i. 1 rit.-w skips almost as soon as eiij
ones could lie tupantd.
i l.c n.odtfica-i.rns n» t'os ;> of the s» ■.
vice suggested iu try I ist .uunuil messtgc,
: which are not iced more iu detail in the re
pot of thu Secretary of tho ,N ivy, are agiin
recoiiitnctided to your serious attention.
she i I'jiorr > f tiie I’ostiii'istc'i- Geneial
in iike in uo.ee, ex.ii.'ois a smi.-fuctor y v;t w
the imj*orla..| butm hsd the Goveiiim'-'.i
j nndgr Ins chatgc. 1 u addiii.-.o to rite ben -
fils already secured by iiu.. ojuraiiiios t.f-jn
f’ost Oiiieo DepaMiin in, c-onsidt-rabifi tu -
: jrovi nit ms wnbui the present year have
j hofii made by an increase in the; aip-omruo
| and itioii by singe coacin s, ai.d in li;cT:i qi.cii
!cy atifi ceierMy >-f the mail t-Htwreii some
s i the nios; nuport-iiit points of the Un
ion.
I aider the IHe coot arts, imrtrovmecL
have br-u.'ii pruvrued i r the soirltet it ?es lion
id the Country, .nrJ, at she same time, .a
ininird saving made nf ojiw-iiiafs ofseveniv
two lli(>!’.SH|td ilidims. Noivviihsi indiip; ii'e
cxri S> and i Xjif'!::jilm y Inyoinl tin* in,refit
if’Cfujr's for a few years jiast, tif'cessai i'y id
iimed in tiio fudiiaiont t.ft xisting conriycts,
and in add,a. it ,j expenses, i> ;wti ti the jit<-
I tods cf cut;i rue. in . , ,to .iieet ihe {jei)li!l i.S
oe i'id liy tin: rq ie gr. >'-ii an i <>• eu*c.a
<d tiiJt tl tu fishing country; yet tne h,efef..c-
I oiy as-'iiiinco is given, in.it ;ii*- tuiuifi t<*"‘-
ciiue cl tiie Dep at im. o' w.ii hn sutfvru ct
to mt'd its t-xteasive ( iigugeiiKMitS t >
system r eceuiiv um o:!tu-« ci. that sol j"< is s
II ceipts arid litsiiucsnietits tu shm, ic. u
tU'tt, has entira iv fe (i ed Us design. Ii
gives iui 1 iisstir .o<-i> el tiie punc'iial tr.inf
inissioii, as wet! tiie set nrtty, < t tho f.>;. is
■dl im I) ;h iii ni Tne t»-ii-.-y it:-*?l
and indost.y of ts officers, acid rita abdey
anil ei.eigy of coi.il arids justify an in
creased cm.licence in rls loniti.otd pitj
purity.
To hr, corrlmlril in our ih zl-
iill Eli H i t- M.ES.
ON the iii st Tuesday in JANUARY nt*sfv
w ilt 1.0 sold at 7'ail-ot!mi, Tnlhot county, k-s
tween the la-. ful iu.urs ofsuio, the following)) -
|ierti tn wit—
One Sorrel Mare, levied -,p n- 1!i»' c.roanr'v- . f
James M. < fililte, to gntrsty an ex ' c ii, in lit ■
ot'Oenrjro Turner, property |ioin*<-t on' :.r h
defctiilani or in < etnem
W IJ.LU.M n F.vIJN J-. >h 1
d-o J