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Feb 13. tde
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OHIO REFOKHKIT
iiUhtcal ColU&c
WO RT HINtiTO N.
I>Y, and with the consent of the Reformed
Vledical Society, of the United States, the
lew Roformed Medical Institution has been lo
•ated in Worthington, an interesting und flour
ishing town on the Whetstone River, 8 miles
north of Columbus, on the Nor'hern Turnpike
This cile lias been chosen because it presents the
greatest advantages to facilitate there eaiches
of the Rotanical s udent; the country around it a
bo inding with every variety of oedical plants ;
and the situation being the most healthy de
lightful in Ihe Western country—and because
the occupancy of the large College Edifice, to
gether with ground i fevery variety of soil for an
extensive botantual gurden. has been presented
tons by the board of trustees of Worthington
College.
There will bo attached to the institution, a
Dispensary for analyzing and preparing Verita
ble Medcines ; and an Infiimary, where persons
from the neighbourhood, or a distance la
boring under levers, 'onsuoitisions, dispepsia,
iiver complaints, gravel, ulcers, fistulas, cancers,
&c will be successfully treated, without
bleeding, mercury or the knife, and from which
the student will acquire a correct knowledge of
the nature, operation and uoeiior eilicaey of ve
getable agents in removing disease
The necessity for an institution of this kind in
the jvest, to be under t he direction of competent
Pro lessors is strikiugly evident. It is institu
tion that is designe to concentrate, A dissem
inate all the knowledge of Doctors of Medicine
and empvrics, sages and savages ; and that will
demonstrate to the student and the sick that ve
getables alone afford the only rational, safe and
effectual means of removing diseases without
impairing the constitution, or endangering life
or Irmb. The present system of practice which
treats diseases of every form with me'aiic min
erals, ihe lancet or knife is dangerous inefficient
the lamentable facts which eveiv day presents
ton fully illustrate Nor is this truth more clearly
exhibited than the fact that vegitahle substances
aionc, are void of danger, aud powerfufly efli
cientwhen administered; a rcfeience to the suc
cess of >ur New-Yerk Infiiriuiry. and the success
of ignorant botanical phiysicians, proves this
fact
The Gollcgc a» and Infirmary will be opened the
fast week in December, where students from all
parts mav enter and complete their Medical Ed
ucation, & where persons laboring under every
species or disease shall receivo prompt Jk faith
ful attention.
The course of study to be pursued, and which
wiil be taught according to the OLDand RE
FORM ED sy terns by Lectures, Recitations,
Examinations and suitable text books, is. Ist A-
Dalmny and Phisiology. 2d. Old and Reformed
Burgerv. 3d. Theory & Practice of Medicine.
4tli The old A" improved system of Midwifery,
with ihe diseases of women and children, nth
Materia Yledica with practical and general Bo
tanv tith Medical and Rotanical Chemistry and
Fparnmcy* 7. Btated Lectores on collateral Sci
ence— Moral Mental Philosophy—Phrenol
ogy-Medical Jurisprudence—Comparative A
liatfimy—Medical History, .Vc
I?v amending this Institution, the student will
acquire a correct knowelcdge of present prac
tice of physicians—a knowledge of the use and
abuse of minerals, the Lancet, Obsterical For
ceps and the knife, and a knowledge ofthe new
and improved system, that supercedes their use,
with tenfold more safety aud succs.-s. There
will be no specified time to complete a course of
study; whenever the s'udent is qulifled he may
graduate and receive a Diploma—some will pass
in o: e year, others will require more.
Requisitions fo* .idmi s sum
1 ji certi'ica e <*f good moral character. 2
Good English education
Terms —The price of qualifying a person ot
practice, including a Diploma, and access to all
the advantages of the institution will be $l5O in
advance, or !jj!7s in advance, A SIOO at the close
of his studies. Everv advantage given, and some
allowance made o th se in the indigent oircuni
stances, Board will be had at. $1 per week, and
books at the Western city prices
hvery student on entering YV'orthington Col
lege will become an honorary member ofthe re
termed .Nodical Society of the United States
from whom he will receive a diploma, and annu
al Report of all the doings and discoveries of its
different members, <Jfc be entitled to all its con
fclitulioiml privilege and benefits.
Those wishing further information will please
address a 'Otter (post paid) to Col G. H Grisweld
or the undersigned, and it shall receive prompt
attention.
Students and others had better beware ofthe
slanders of thn present physicians, who know no
more about our institution, than they do about
Botanical medicine
J J BIEELE, President.
Worthington, O Oct. 2830
.Vide.— Editors publishing the above Circular
■->- times, shall receive as compensation a cer
tificate entitling the bearer to tuition gratis, or
un cquivale.it to that sum ($150) in medicine
advice or attendance from us or anv members of
our society. Those publishing it 2d limes, to
half that compensation.
January 20 17
Asob=43r(nt(ug,
Executed with neatness sit tltis Office
THIS DBMOCBAT.
COLiUtIBUS, OBOIIGIA, FB3I) VV, 4PSBJL 2S>, 1831.
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AN ADDRI'^
Delivered before the
WASHINGTON CITY TEMPER
ANCE SOCIETY.
November 15, I'tMO.
( Continued.)
The following case came under my no
tice, a few winters since. A large athlet
ic man, long accustomed to the use of ar
dent spirit, on drinking a glass of raw
whiskey, dropped instantly dead. On
carefully dissecting the hod)', no ade
quate cause of the sudden cessation of
life could lie found in anv part, except the
heart.—This organ was free from blood,
was hard and firmly contracted, as if aif c
ted by spasm. lam convinced that ma
ny of those cases of sudden death which
take place with intemperate persons is the
result of a spasmodic action of the heart,
from sympathy with the stomach, or some
other part ofthe system. The use of ar
dent spirit, no doubt, promotes also the
ossification of the valves of the heart, as
well as the developement of other organ
ic affections.
S. The Lungs and their functions.
Resoirat on in the inebriate is general
ly oppressed and laborious, and especial
ly after eating or violent exercise; and lie
is teased with a cough, attended with co
pious expectoration, and especially after
his recovery from a fit of intoxication; &
these symptoms go on increasing, and un
less arrested in their progress, often ter
minate in consumption.
This affection of the lungs is produced
in two wavs: first, by the immediate ac
tion of the alcoholic principle upon the
highly sensible membrane which lines the
trachea bronchial vessels, and air cells
of tlie lungs as poured out by the exlv.il i
tions; and secondly, by the sympathy
which is called into action between the
lungs and other organs, already in a state
of disease, and more especially, that of
the stomach and liver.
I have met with cases in the course of
my practice, of cough and difficult brea
thing, which could he relieved only by
regulating the functions of the stomach,
and which soon yielded, on the patient
ceasing to irritate this organ with ardent
spirit. I have found the liver still more
frequently the source of this affection,
and on restoring the organ to its healthy
condition, by mi rig aside the use of ar
dent spirits, all the pulmonary s) mptorns
have subsided.
<in examining the lungs of the drunk
ard after death, they are frequently found
adhering to the walls ofthe chest; liepa
tized, or affected w ith tubercles.
But time would fail me, w’ere I to at
tempt an account of half the pailuilogy of
drunkenness.— Dyspepsy, Jaundice, />
maciation, Corpulence, Dropsy, Ulcers,
Rheumatism, (tout, Tremors, Palpitation,
Hysteria , Epilepsy, Palsy, Lethargy,
Apoplt ny, Melancholy, Madness, Deliri
um tremens, and Premature eld age, com
pose but a small part of the catalogue of
diseases produced by ardent spirit. In
deed there is scarcely a morbid affection to
which the human liody is lieble, that has
not, in one way or another, been produ
ced by it; there is not a disetse hut it has
aggravated, nor a predisposition to dis
ease, which it has not called into action;
and although its effects are in some de
gree modified by age and temperament,
by habit and occupation, by climate and
season of the year, aud even by the in
toxicating agent itself: yet, the general
and ultimate consequences are the same.
But I pass on to notice one state ofthe
system, produced by ardent spirit; too im
portant and interesting to leave unexam
ined. It is that predisposition to disease
and death which so strongly characteri
ses the drunkard in every situation in
life.
It is unquestionably true, that many of
the surrounding objects in nature, are con
stantly tending to man’s destruction. The
excess of heat and cold, humidity and
drvness, the vicissitudes of the season,
noxious exhalations from the earth, the
floating atoms in the atmosphere, the poi
sonous vapors from decomposed animal
and vegetable matter, with many other
invisible agents, are exerting their deadly
influence; and were it not that every part
of his system is endowed with a self-pre
serving power, q principle of excitability,
or, in other words, a vital principle, the
operations of the economy would cease,
and a dissolution of his organic structure
take place. But this principle being im
planted in the system, reaction takes
place, and thereby a vigorous contest is
maintained with the warring elements
without, as well as with the principle of
decay within.
It is thus that man is enabled to endure
from year to year the toils and fatigues of
life, the variation «f heat and cold, and
the vicissitudes of the season—that he is
enabled to traverse every region of the
globe, and to live with almost equal ease
under the equator, and in the frozen re
gions of the north. It is by this power
that all his functions are [a rformed, from
the commencement to the close of life.
The principle of excitability exists in
the highest degree in the infant, and di
minishes at every succeeding period of
life; and if man is not cut down by dis
ease or violence, he struggles on, and fi
nally dies a datura! deatli; a death occa
sioned by the exhaustion of the principle
of excitability. In order to prevent the
too rapid exhaustion of this principle, na
ture has especially provided for its resto
ration by establishing a period of sleep.
After Sung awake for sixteen or eighteen
hours, a sensation ol fatigue ensues, and
all the functions are performed with di
minished energy and precision. Locom
otion becomes feeble and tottering, the
voice harsh, the intellect obtuse and pow
erless, ami all the senses blunted. In this
state the individual anxiously retires from
the light and from the noise and bustle of
business, seeks that position which re
quires the least effort to sustain it, and a
bandons himself to rest. The will ceases
to act, and he loses in succession all the
senses. The muscles unbend themselves,
and permit the limbs to fall into the most
easy and natural position. Digestion,
respiration, circulation, secretion, and the
other functions go on with diminished
power aud activity; and consequently the
wasted excitability is gradually restored.
After a repose of six or eight hours, this
principle becomes accumulated to its full
measure, and the individual awakes and
finds himself invigorated and refreshed.
His muscular power is augmented, his
senses are acute and discriminating, his
intellect active and eager for labor, and all
his functions move on w ith renewed en
ergy. But if the stomach be oppressed
by food, or the system excited by stimu
lating drinks, sleep, though it may be pro
found, is never tranquil and refreshing.
—The system being raised to a state of
feverish excitement, and its healthy bal
ance disturbed, its exhausted excitability
is not restored. The individual awakes,
hut finds himself fatigued rather than in
vigorated. His muscles are relaxed, his
senses obtuse, his intellect impaired, and
all his functions disordered; and it is not
until he is again under the influence of
food and stimulus, that he is fit lor the
occupations of life.—Aud thus he loses the
benefits of this wise provision of repose,
designed for Ins preservation.—Nothing,
probably, tends more powerfully to pro
duce premature old age, than midnight
revels or disturbed aud unrefreshing sleep.
It is also true, that artificial stimulus
in whatever w y applied, tends constant
ly to exhaust the principle of excitability
of the system, and this « proportion to
its intensity, aud the freedom with which
it is applied.
But there is still another principle on
which tiie use of ardent spirit predisposes
the drunkard to disease and death. It
acts on the blood, impairs its vitality, de
prives it of its re ! colour, and thereby
renders it unfit to stimulate the heart and
other organs through w hich it circulates;
unfit, also, to supply materials for the dis
ferent secretions, and to renovate the dif
ferent tissues of the body, as well as to
sustain the energy of the brain; offices
which it can perform only, while it retains
its vermilion colour and other arterial
properties. The blood of the drunkard
is several shades darker in its colour, than
that of teinparate persons, and also coag
ulates less readily and firmly, and is loa
ded with serum; apperances wuich indi
cate that it has exchanged its arterial
properties for those of venous blood. This
is the cause ofthe livid complexion ofthe
inebriate, which so strongly marks him in
the advanced stage of intemperance.—
Hence, too, all the functions of his body
are sluggish, irregular, and the whole
system loses its tone and its energy. If
ardent spirits, when taken into the sys
tem, exhausts the vital principle of the
solids, it destoys the vital principle of the
blood also; and if taken in large quanti
ties, produces sudden death; in which
case the blood, as in death produced by
lightning, by opium, or by violent and long
continued exertion, does not coagulate.
The principles laid down are plain,
and of easy application to the case before
us
The inebriate, having by the habitual
use of ardent spirits, exhausted to a grea
ter or less extent, the principle of excita
bility in the solids, the power of reaction;
and the blood having become incapable
of performing its office also, he is alike
predisposed to every diseas, and rendered
liable to the inroads of every invading foe.
So far, therefore, from protecting ’he
system against disease, intemperance
ever constitutes one of its strongest pre
disposing causes.
Superadded to this, whenever disease
does lay its grasp upon the drunkard, the
powers of life being already enfeebled by
the stimulus of ardent spirits, he unex
pectedly sinks in the contest, and but too
frequently to the mortification of his phy
sician, and surprise ami grief of his
fiiends. Indeed, inebriation so enfeebles
the powers of life, so modifies the char
acter of disease, and so changes the op
eration of medical ageuts, that unless the
young physician has studied thoroughly
the constitution of the drunkard he has
hut partially learned his profession, and
is not fit for a practitioner of the present
age. .
These are the true reasons why the
drunkard dies so easily, and from such
slight causes.
A sudden cold, a pleurisy, a fever, a
fractured limb, or a slight wound of the
skin, is often more than his shattered
jiowers can endure.—Even a little excess
of exertion, an exjiosure to heat or cold,
a hearty repast, or a glass of cold water,
not (infrequently extinguishes the vital
principle.
In the season that hits just closed upon
us, we have had a melancholy exhibition
of the effects of intemperance in the tra-
VOL,. 1.-\o*
gical death of some dozens of our iellow
citizens; ami had the extreme heat w Inch
prevailed for several days, continued tor
as many weeks, we should hardly have
had a confirmed ilrunkard loft among us.
Matty of those deaths which came un
der my notice seemed almost spontani
ous, and some of tin m took place in less
than one hour from the first symptom of
indisposition. Some died apparently
from a slight excess of fatigue, some
from a few hours exposure to the sun,
and some from a small draught of cold
w ater; causes quite inadequate to the
production of such effects in temperate
persons.
Thus, fellow citzcns, I have endeavored
*o delimute the effects of ardent spirits
upon man, and more especially to jiortlay
its influence on Ins moral, intellectual,
and physical powi rs.—The sketch I have
given is a brief one, but the occasion
would not permit me to sav more, and
my feelings would not allow me to say
less.
But we are not assembled to brood o
ver the evils of intemperance, and to
spend our time in inourninig the ravages
it has made in our land, to weep over
the broken-hearted fathers and mothtrs
—the deserted w ives and childr* —the
suffering widows and orphans it has cre
ated. We are assembled not merely to
paint its horrors, and to deplore its deso
lations ; we are convened to take counsel
together, to learn the success ofthe soci
ety during the last year; the progress the
cause of temperance is mulling through
the land, and to devise measures to pro
mote its advancement: and not to devise
only—we are called upon to execute as
well as design. There is a work to be
performed, and we are pledged not to
draw hack from its hardships, nor shrink
from its responsibilities; and what can
be done! Permit me to suggest a few
things which may be done, and which
must be done, before the evils we deplore
wtfl he eradicated.
1. Let us keep in view the ojects of
this society:— “To produce united, vig
ouroits, and systematic exertions for the
suppression of intemperam e; to diff use
information, and give circulation to pub
lications which exhibit the nils of intem
perance, and the best means of chcc ing
its progress .”
Let us hear in mind, also, the obliga
tion imposed on us— “to use all proper
measures la discourage the use of ardent
spirits in thi social circle , at public meet
ings, on the farm, in the mechanic shop ,
and in all other places."
These are the objects of the Society,
and this the obligation resting upon its
members.—lt is not a mere matter of for
mality that we have put our names to its
constitutou; we have pledged our selves
to he bold, active, and persevering in the
cause; to proclaim the dangers ofi ntem
peranee to our fellow citizens, and to do
what we can to arrest its progress. In
view of these objects and of this piedge,
then, let us, if indeed we have not alrea
dy done it, banish ardent spirits from our
houses at once, and forever, and then we
can act with decision and energy, and
speak in a tone of authority; and our
v oices will lie heard, if precept be sanc
tioned by example.
2. Let us use our utmost endeavors to
lessen the number, and, if possible, ut
terly exterminate from among us those
estalishments which are the chief agents
in propagating the evils of intemperance
I refer to those shops which are licensed
for retailing ardent spirits. Here is the
sourse of the evil. These are the agents
that are sowing among us the seeds of
vice, and poverty and wretchedness.
How preposterous! an enlightened
community, professing the highest re
gard for morality and religion, making
laws for the suppression and punishment
of vice, and the promotion of v irtue and
good order, instituting societies to en
courage industry, enlighten the ignorant,
reclaim the vicious, bring back the wan
derer, protect the orphan, feed the hun
gry, clothe the naked, bind up the bro
ken-hearted, and restore domestic peace;
—at the same time to create and foster
those very means that cary idleness
and ignorance, and vice and nakedness,
and starvation and discord into all ranks
of society; that make widow sand or
phans, that sow the seeds of disease and
deatli among us; —that strike, indeed, at
the foundation of all that is good aud
great.
You create paupers, and lodge them
in your almshouses; orphans, and give
them a residence in your asylum; con
victs, und send them to tiny penitentiary.
You seduce men to crime, and then ar
raign them at the bar of justice—immure
them in prison. AVith one hand you
thrust the dagger to the heart—AYith the
other attempt to assuage the pain it
causes.
We all remember to have heard from
the lips of our parents, the liarution of
the fact, that in the early history of our
country, the tomahawk and scalping
knife were put into the hands of our sav*
age neighbors, by our enemies at war,
and that a bounty was awarded for the de
predations they committed on the liv'd!
of our defenceless fellow citizens. Out
feelings were shocked at the recital, and
a prejudice was created, as w ell to these
poor wandering savages, as to the nation
that prompted them to the work, which
neither tune nor education has eradicated-