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zwe DE^H^crusir,
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COLUMBUS, CSA.
BY
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WORT H INGTON.
BY, and with the consent of the Reformed
vtedical ‘.-ociety, of the United States, the
new Reformed Medical Institution has been lo
cated in Worthington, an interesting and flour
ishing town on the YVhetstonc River, 8 miles
north of Columbus, on the Nor'hern Turnp'ko
This cite ha been chosen because it presents the
greatest advantages to facilitate the re carchps
of the Botanical s udent; the country around it a
bounding with every variety of medical plants ;
and the situation being th« most healthy de
lightful in lhe Western country—and because
the occupancy of the large College Edifice, to
gether with ground of every variety of soil for an
extensive botantual gurden. has been presented
to irs by the board of trustees of Worthington
College.
There will be attached to the institution, a
Dispensary for analyzing and preparing Ve ■ ita
blo Med.cincs’, and an Infirmary, where persons
from tho neighbourhood, or a distance la
boring under fevers, ".onsumosions, dispepsra,
'liver complaints, gravel, ulcers, fistulas, cancers,
.fisj Ac. will be successfully treated, without
TtcedWg'. mtreury or the knife and from which
the stndent will acquire a correct knowledge of
the nature, operation and superior efficacy ofve
getable agents in removing disease
The necessity for an instil utmn of this kind in
the-west, tube under the direction comp*««....
»>— a- ‘ lt «s institu
tion that is dcsigne : to concentrate, A disse n
inate ail the knowledge of Doctors of Medicine
and empyTicß, sages and savages ; and that will
demonstrate to the student and tho sick that vc
getali'es alone alfiird the only rational, sate aid
effectual meins cf removing diseases without
impairing the constitution, or endangering life
or limb The present system of practice which
treats diseases of every f<« r m with me alic min
erals, the lancet or knife is dangerous inefficient
the lamentable facts which every day presents
ton folly illustrate Nor is this truth more clearly
exhibited than the fact that vegitable substances
alone, are void of danger, aud powerfully effi
cient when adminn teied; a reference to .the suc
cess of our New-York Infirmutry, aud tho success
of ignorant botanical pluysiciaqp, proves this
fact
The College ar and Infirmary will be opened the
first week in December, where students from all
pni ts may enter and complete their Medical Ed
ucation, & where persons laboring under every
specie- or disease -hall receive prompt & faith
ful attention.
TllC ouur 'O of otujy *<* to fwrcmoJ. anJ whiuli
will lie taught according to the Oil) and RE
FORMED sy terns b Lectures* Recitations,
Examinations and suitable tex' bocks, is. Ist A
natomy and Rhisiology. yd. Old and Reformed
Surgerv. 3d. Theory & Practice of Medicine.
4ih The old improved system of Midwifery,
with the diseases of women and children. sth
Materia Medina with practi.a! and general Bo
tany fith Medical and Botanical Chemisirv and
Pparmacy- 7. Stated Lectures on collateral Bci
ence—Moral and Mental Philosophy—Phrenol
ogy—Medical Jurisprudence—Comparative A
nstomy—Medical History, Ac
By attending this Institution, the student will
acquire a correct knoweledge of present prac
tice of physicians— a knowledge of the use and
abuse of minerals,, the Lancet, obsterical For
ceps and the knife, and a knowledge of the new
and improved system that supercedes their use,
with tenfold more safety and success. There
still bo no specified time to complete a course of
study; whenever the student is quiified lie may
graduate and receive a Diploma—some will pass
in o r year, others will require more.
Requisitions for .Sdmission
* I.A certiiicae of good moral character 2
Cood English education
Terms —The price of qualifying a person to
practice, including a Diploma, and access to all
the advantages of the institution will be .$l5O in
advance, or $75 in advance, & SIOO at the close
of bis studies. Every advantage given, and some
allowance made o th ise in the indigent circum
stances, Board will be had at $1 per week, and
books at the Western city prices.
Every student on entering Worthington Col
lege will become an honorary member of the re
formed Afedical Society of the United States
from whom lie will receive a diploma, and annu
«I Report of all the doings and discoveries of its
different membors, & lie entitled to all its con
stitutional privilegs and benefits.
Those wishing further information will please
address a letter (post paid) to Col G H Grisweld
or the undersigned, and it shall receive prompt
attention.
Studenfs and others had better beware of the
slanders of tho present physicians, who know no
more about our institution, than they do about
Botanical medicine
J. J SIEELE, President.
Worthington, O. Oct. 2830
Note. — Editors publishing the above Circular
f>2 times, shall receive as compensation a cer
tificate entitling the bearer to tuition gratis, or
an equivalent to that sum ($150) in medicine
advice or attendance from us or any members of
our society. Those publishing it 2ti times, to
half I hat compensation.
January 20— 17
/flo&'jjrfntlitQ,
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THE DEMOCRAT.
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, FWDIV, APRIL, 22, 1831.
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AN ADDtESK
DELIVaIWD THF.
WASHINGTON CITY TEMPER
ANCE SOCIETY.
November 15, 1330.
BY THOMAS SEW ALL, M. D.
Professor of Anatomy ad Physiology in the
Columbian College, District of, olnmaia
We are convened, my fellow-citiiens,
to attend the first anniversary of a Society
for the promotion of Temperance: an in
stitution which, in accordance with the
spirit of the times, has been established
through our land by the nlmost united
voice of the nation, aud this for the sup
pression of one of the most alarming e
vils that ever infested human society; a
vice too, so odious in its nature, so injuri
ous in its consequences, and attended
with so many'circumstances of suffering,
niorrifie.ition, and disgrace, that it seem*
difficult to understand how it should ever
have become a prevalent evi among
mankind; and more especially how it
should have come down to us from the
early periods of society, gaining strength,
and power, and influence, in its descent, j
That such is the fact, requires no proof.
Its devastating effects are but too obvious.
In these latter times, more especially, it
has swept over our laud with the rapidity
and power of a tempest, bearing down
every tiling in its course.—Not content
with rioting in the haunts of ignorance
and vice, it has passed through our con
secrated groves, has entered our most sa
cred enclosures. And oh! how many
men of genius and of letters have fallen
before it! how many lofty intellects have
been shattered and laid in ruins bv its
power! how many a warm and pliilan
thrapic heart has been chilled by its icy
touch! It has left no retreat unvisited; it
has alike invaded our public and private
assemblies, our political and social cir
cles, our courts of justice and halls of
legislation. It has stalked within the
very walls of our Capitol, and there left
the stain of its polluting touch on our na
tional glory. It has leaped over the pale
of the church, and even reached up its
sacrilegious arm to the pulpit, and drag
ged dfiwn some of its richest ornaments.
It has revelled equally on the spoils of the
palace and the cottage, and has seized its
victims with an unsparing grasp, from
every' class of society; the private citizen
and the public functionary, the high and
the low, the rich and the poor, the en
enlio-btanoil nml tlio icrnnratitv ;t- - 1 * ~
is there a family among us so t‘ a PPy» ns
not to have wept over some of its mem
bers, who have fallen by the hand of this
ruthless destroyer?
Asa nation, intemperance lias corrup
ted our morals, impaired our intellect,
and enfeebled our physical strength. In
deed, in w hatever light w e view it, w heth
er as an individual, a social, or a nation
al evil; as affecting our personal inde
pendence and happiness, our national
wealth and industry; as reducing our pow
er of naval and military defence, as en
feebling the intellectual energies of the
nation, and undermining the health of
our fellow citizens; as sinking the patri
otism and valor of the nation; as increa
sing paupers, poverty, and taxation; as
sapping the found tion of our moral and
religious institutions; or as introducing
disorder, distress, and ruin into families
and society; it calls to us in a voice of
thunder, to wake from our slumbers, to
seize every' weapon, and wield every pow
er which God and nature have placed
w ithin our reach, to protect ourselves and
our fellow citizens from its ravages.
But the occasion will not permit me to
dwell on the general effects of intemper
ance, nor to trace the history of its cans -
es.—l shall, therefore, confine myself
more particularly to a consideration of
its influence on the individual—its effects
on the moral, intellectual, and physical
constitution of man*—not the primary ef
fect of ardent spirit as displayed in a fit
of intoxication. Jt is the more insidious,
permanent, and fatal efi’ects of intemper
ance, as exemplified in the case of the
habitual dram drinker, to which I wish to
call your attention.
1. The effects of ardent spirits on the
moral powers:
It is perhaps difficult to determine in
what tvay intemperance first manifests its
influence on the moral powers, so vari
ously does it affect different individuals.
Were I to speak from my own observa
tion, I should say that it first appears in
an alienation of those kind and tender
sympathies which bind a man to his fam
ily and friends; those lively sensibilities,
which enable him to participate in the
joys and sorrows of those arouud him.
“The social affections lose their fulness
and tenderness, the conscience its power,
the heart its sensibility, till all that was
once lovely and rendered him the joy and
the idol of his friends, retires,” and leaves
him to the dominion of the appetites and
passions of the brute. “Religious enjoy
ment, if he ever possessed any, declines
as the emotions excited by ardent spirit,
arise.” He loses by degrees his regard to
truth and to the fulfilment rs his engage
ments—he forgets the Sabhith and the
house of worship, and lourges upon his
bed, or lingers at the tavern. He lays a
side his Bihh—lns family devotion is not
heard, and his closet no loiger listens to
the silent whispers of prayer. He at
length becomes irritable, peevish and pro
sane; and is finally' lost to every thing
that respects decorum in appearance, or
virtue in principle ; and it is lamentable
to mark the steps of that process by which
the virtuous and elevated man sinks to
ruin.
11. Its effects on the intellectual pow
ers:
Here the influence of intemperance is
marked and decisive. The inebriate first
loses his vivacity and natural acuteness of
perception, llis judgement becomes clou
ded and impaired in its strength, the
memory also enfeebled and sometimes
quite obliterated. The mind is wander
ing and vacant, and incapable of intense
or steady application to any one subject.
1 his state is usually accompanied by an
unmeaning stare or fixedness of counten
ance quite peculiar to the drunkard. The
imagination aud the will, if not enfeebled
acquire a morbid sensibility, from which
tfi. v mt- iluowu into a violent excitement
from the slightest causes; lienee the ine
briate sheds floods of tears over the pic
tures of his own fancy. I have often
seen him, and especially on bis recovery
from a fit of intoxication, weep and laugh
alternately over the same scene. The
will, too, acquires an omnipotent ascen
dancy over him, and is the only monitor
to which he yields obedience. The appeals
of conscience, the claims of domestic
happiness, of wives and children, of pat
riotism an of virtue, are not heard.
The different powers of the mind hav
ing thus lost their natural relation to each
other, the healthy balance being destroy
ed, the intellect is no longer fit for in
tense application, or successful effort—
and although the inebriate ma”, and
sometimes does astonish, by the flights of
his fancy and the poignancy of his wit,
yet in nine cases out of ten he fails, and
there is never any confidence to be repo
sed in him. There have been a few, who,
from peculiarity of constitution or some
other cause, have continued to perform
intellectual labor for many years, while
slaves to ardent spirits; but in no instance
lias the vigor of the intellect, or its abili
ty to labor, been increased by indulgence;
and where there is one who has been a
ble to struggle on under the habits of in
temperance, there are thousands who have
perished in the experiment, and some a
mong the most powerful minds that the
world ever produced. On the other hand,
we shall find by looking over the biog
raphy of the great men of every age, that
those who have possessed the clearest aud
its, nor indulged in the pleasures of the
table. Sir Isaac Newton, John Locke,
Dr. Franklin, John Wesley, Sir William
Jones, John Fletcher, and President Ed
wards, furnish a striking illustration of
this truth. One of the secrets by which
these men produced such astonishing re
sults, were enabled to perform so much
intellectual labor, and of so high a grade,
and to arrive at old age in the enjoyment
of health, was a rigid course of abstin
ence. But I hasten to consider more par
ticularly,
111. Its effects on the physical powers:
In view of this part of the subject, the
attention of the critical observer is arres
ted by a series of circumstances, alike dis
gusting and melancholy.
I. The odour of the breath of the
drunkard furnishes the earliest indication
by w hich the habitual use of ardent spirit
becomes known. This is occasioned by
the exhalation of the alcoholic principle
from the bronchial vessels, and air cells of
the lungs—not of pure spirit, as taken in
to the stomach, but of spirit which has
been absorbed, has mingled with the
blood, and has been subjected to the action
of the different organs of the body; and
not containing any principle which con
tributes to the nourishment or renovation
of the system, is cast out with the other
excretions as poisonous and hurtful; and
this peculiar odour does not arise from the
accidental or occasional use of spirits; it
marks only the habitual dram-drinker,
the one who indulges daily in his pota
tion; and although its density varies in
some degree with the kind of spirit con
sumed, the habits and constitution of the
individual, yet it bears generally a close
relation to the degree of intemperance.
These observations are confirmed by some
experiments made on living animals by
the celebrated French Physiologist, Ma
geridie. He ascertained that diluted aL
cohos, a solution of camphor, and some
other odorous substances, when subjected
to the absorbing pow’er of the veins, are
taken Up bv them, and after mingling
with the blood, pass oft’by the pulmonary’
exhalants. Even phosphorus injected
into the crural vein of a dog, he found to
pass off in a few moments from the nos
trils of the animal in a dense white vapour,
which he ascertained to be phosphoric
acid.
Cases have occurred, in which the
breath of the drunkard has become so
highly charged with alcohol, as to render
it actually inflammable by the touch of a
taper; One individual in particular, is
mentioned, who often amused his com
rades by passing his breath through a
small tulie and setting it on fire, as it is
sued from it. It appears also, that this
has sometimes been the source of that
combustion of the body of the drunkard,
which has been denominated spontane
ous; many well authenticated cuses of
which arc on record.
2- The perspirable matter winch puss*
VOL. I.—AO. 28.
es off from the skin liecomes charged
with the odour of alcohol in the drunkard,
and is so far charged in some cases as to
furnish evidence of the kind of spirit
drank. I have met with two instances,
says Dr. M’Nish, the one in a claret, and
the other in a port drinker; in which the
moisture that exhaled from their bodies,
had a ruddy complexion, similar to the
wine on which they had committed their
debauch.
3. The whole system soon hears marks
of debility and decay. The voluntary
muscles lose their power, and cease to act
under the control of the will, nnd lierce
all the movements become awkward, ex
hibiting the appearance of stiffness in the
joints. The positions of the body, also,
are tottering and infirm, and the step lo
ses its elasticity nnd vigor. The mus
cles, and especially those of the face and
lip?, me often affected with a convulsive
twitching, which produce tin- in-mluiila
rv w inking of the eye, and quivering of
the lip, so characteristic of the inebriate.
Indeed, all the motions seem unnatural
and forced, ns if restrained by some pow*
er within. The extremities are at length
seized with a tremor, which is more
strongly marked after recovery from a fit
of intoxication. The lips lose their sig
nificant expression, nnd become sensual
—the complexion assumes a sickly lead
en hue, or is changed to an unhealthy, fi
ery redness, and is covered with red
streaks and blotches. The eye becomes
watery,tender and inflamed, and lost-sits
intelligence and its fire. These symp
toms, together with a certain (edematous
appearance about 1 the eye, bloating of
the whole body, with a dry, feverish skin,
seldom fail to mark the habitual dram
drinker; and they go on increasing, and
increasing, til the intelligence and digni
ty of the man is lost in the tameness and
sensuality of the brute.
But these effects, which are external
and obvious, are only the “signals which
nature holds out, and waves in token of
internal distress;” for all the time the in
ebriate has been pouring down bis daily
draught, and making merry over the cup,
morbid changes have been going on w itb
in; and though these are unseen, and it
may be unsuspected, they are fatal, irre
trievable.
A few of the most important of these
changes 1 shall now descrilie:
4. The stomach and its functions.
This is the great organ of digest.on. It
is the chief instrument by which food is
vate the different tissues of the bo,.y, to
carry on the various Junctions, ami to
supply the waste which continually takes
place in the system. It is not strange,
therefore, that the habitual application to
the organ, of any agent calculated to de
range its functions, or change its organi
zation, should be followed by symptoms
so various and extensive, and by conse
quences so fatal. The use of ardent spir
it produces both these effects; it deranges
the functions of the stomach, and it per
sisted in, seldom lulls to change its or
ganic structure.
The inebriate first loses his appetite,
and becomes thirsty and feverish; he vom
its in the morning and is affected with
spasmodic jiuius in the region of the stom
ach. He is often seized with permanent
dyspepsy, and cither w astes away by de
grees, or dies suddenly of a fit of cramp
in the stomach.
On examining the stomach after death,
it is generally idund irritated, and ap
proaching a state of inflammation, with
its vessels enlarged, nnd filled with black
blood; .and particularly those of the mu
cous coat, w hich gives to the internal sur
face of the stomach the appearance of
purple or reddish streaks, resembling the
livid patches seen on the face ot the
drunkard.
The coats of the stomach become great
ly thickened and corrugated, and so firm
ly united as to form one inseparable mass.
In this state, the walls of die organ are
sometimes increased in thickness to the
extent of ten or twelve lines, and are
sometimes found also in a scirrhus, or can
cerous condition
The following case occurred in my
practice several years since: A middle
aged gentleman, of wealth and standing,
had long been accustomed to mingle in the
convivial circle, and though by no means
a drunkard, had indulged at times in the
use of his old cogmac, w ith an unsparing
hand. He was at length seized with
pain in the region of his stomach, and a
vomiting of his food an hour or two after
eating. In about eighteen months he di
ed in a state of extreme emaciation.
On opening the laxly after death; the
Walls of the whole of the right extremity
of the stomach were found in a scirrhus
and cancerous condition, and thicrfeurd
to the extent of about two inches. The
cavity of the organ was so far obliterated
as scarcely to admit the passage of a
probe from the left to the Tight extremity,
and the opening which remained was so
unequal and irregular as to render if evi
dent that but little of the nourishment he
had received could have passed the low er
orifice of the stomach for many months.
I have never dissected the stomach of a
drunkard, in which the organ did not
manifest some remarkable deviation from
its healthy condition. But the derange
ment of the stomach is r< t limited to the
function of nutrition merely. This or
gan is closely united to every other organ.