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Ak<*<tos sf Meliret; t|t|(*oT.-*t FA#* IIMIMIN. r®Aa lam I S won to Brookl/a Institute •/•*§&•!■§ su ThsrsAajr even* to faft to* to tintfc testers f tk# •nurse, tooß tot towarsA ks Pass lin/aimn. A togs proportion of to outoncs was composed to. too* to of tke lecture ap pmU it U topi/ iatereoling. In comnaenc to> to lsstoti r*arke4 Iks* k* was to treat |S areoiog so a ssr/ tor sate subject wkich fptmee koma tors 11/ to to kuainesa and bosoms 4^^sa —/•#, to woman alto: a subject which ia saor* toimatsl/ aonnsstad with to happiness bfosr liut tkan to beat of ua are prone la ac* totodgs. I alluds to Marriage. Thera is a Mocicat j<to among young persons, which con* passing to band smoothly down the face gs a person, aad caiiisg it Comrtokip ; snd thsn gpgpug to hand rough if dawn the face and gslling tot Msrrisgs. [toaghter ] Tkere m •ora truth ton poetry ia tkia, assn when the aolrsa of Bus loss runs any way kut smooth, **>■ •arriags isaanctiftsd by lots, and trust, | gpd elevatsd by respect. Btili, it is uy belief tot to stats of marring#, whether regarded as a religious ar a sifil iostitution, or as a volunta ry oantract, ia, take ib #U ia all, to best and. paiWlt eonditiot; tot in tbs balance of its good gad ill, its goodgrestly preponderates. The fre quency of divorce# in our community, and the Ught estimate put upoa to fcmdy esmpact by a Igrga suns bar of persona, unit# to persuade me Mat tors ia ao topic upon which 1 could better gfidrsus youat this time. Marriage U A sober fset to a few. hut, to gpotor claas, it is a kewildaring anticipation.— The youth of both sexes regard it as • sort of £airy-land, whereof “distunes but lends enchant ment to the view.” They regard it as a sort of ‘‘Diamond gSod Where no crude surfeit reigns.” Titers see some instances of unhappiness, and fear gs many o tors- of quarrels, and disap- ’ pointmsnte, end ton separations. Yet these young enthusiasts look at marriage as that spe cie* ©f Sevanth Heaven promised by Mo hammed to tha faithful. It ia ns suck thing.— It id a stats Which require# great sacrifices; and for those it gives nothing hut love in exchange. Yet, as life i# nothing without love, that life is to best condition. Many young persons enter taio very erroneous ideas relative to the marriage stats. 1 recollect reading an anecdote once re lated by Mr. Male, of NeW Hampshire, in one of his Free Boil speeches, to this effect. “A eouplo came to me one night, and wished me to unite them in wedlock. I consented to perform the ceremony, and said to the man. “Do you take this woman to be your wedded wife ?’— “Certainly,” he replied, “I came here for that purpose 1” And the woman: “Do you take this man to be your husband!” Yes, Ido!” “Then you are man and wife—that’s all. Both looked at me with great astonishment; and the lady asked, “Is that all?” Yes, I replied, that’s all. “Well,” she remarked, “tis not such a mighty affair after all!” [Applause.] But the wife was mistaken. The Marriage ceremony, after all, be it as brief as a rosy rill, is a mighty transaction. It is changing the whole course of a person's life. New thoughts, new feelings, and new duties arise. If the change be fortu nate, they will shine like stars on the dusky ©oast, lighting the lonely voyager o’er the way. Hut if the change bo unfortunate, it will be like to gloom of the ocean, where the storm-tossed bark has been wrecked, and our fondest hopes blasted forever. Marriage is no Epicurean dream. It is happiness or misery. It is what Antonio, in Webster’s play, took it to be. Some one asked him, What do you think of Marriage ? He replied: “I look upon it not as purgatory : it is either Heaven or hell: there is no third place in it” The motives for which people marry has a great deal to do with their after happiness.— Some women marry to escape from home: some marry for a “position” in society. And there are men who marry for equally absurd rea tons. Some men there are who marry for beauty, and look upon their wife as a mere toy. A man thinks to hang a trinket around his neck, and behold it is a millstone! Some men marry for money. He who does so, has this advan tage :he can know what he gets. [Laughter.] If a man can feed upon husks, it is well for him to see that his trough is well filled. Then again there is great diversity of opinion as to the pro per age to marry. I have my strong doubts whether very early marriages are advisable. It seems to me that a difference between the ages of the parties is desirable. How great a diffe rence there should be, is not so easily decided.— Nineteen years is too great a hiatus; fifteen will do. There is some very good advice upon this £oint in Shakspero's Twelfth Night, where the lake says to Viola: “Thou dost speak masterly: My, life upsn’t, young though thou art, thine eye Hath stay’d upon some favor that it loves; Hath it not, boy 1” Viola — A little, by your ihvor. Duke —What kina of woman is’t ? Viola —Of your complexion. Duke —She is not worth thee, then. What years i’faith? Viola —About your years, my lord. Duke —Too old, by heaven; let still the woman take An elder than herself: so wears she to him So sways she level in ner husband’s heart. For, boy, however we do praise ourselves, Our fancies are more giddy and uniform, More longing, wavering, sooner lost and worn, Than women’s are. Viol* —l think it well, my lord. Duke —Then let thy love be younger than thyself, Or thy affection cannot hold the bent: For women are as roses; whose fair flower, Being once display’d, doth fall that very hour. Women should marry when between twenty and thirty years of age, but nearer the former than the latter. [Applause.] Lord Bacon says that a man finds himself seven years older after marriage. In this there is much truth. Even newly married persons, of proper years, must feel their weight bearing upon them like the lapse of time. There is one speices of matri mony condemned—begging pardon for speak ing of it here, should it appear personal to any, I refer to the wedding of the old to the This should never be. In Rome there was a •trict law against it-QThis law, the Lex Papia, strictly forbid such marriages. There is much truth in the saying. “May and December oas never agree.” Among the instigations to the commission of Matrimony is Beauty. Now I think that beau ty has much ]#i influence with sensible men in determining Marriage, than is at first thought. ! Man wants a partner in whom he can feel that J there will be something left after her beauty i shall have departed. Still it would be folly to i assert that beauty is to be wholly disregarded.— j For, as Keats has beautifully sung: “A thing of beauty is a joy forever.” Paramount to all considerations of beauty should | ever be regarded, first, amiability; second, go and principles: third, good sense; fourth, good breed ing; and, fifth good education. Passing on, the lecturer retnaaked that the in troduction of steam among us, and the rapidity with which the locomotive whirls us over our journeys, had spoiled all the romance of wedding tours. There is no going to Niagara nowa days by the slow stage coach, wherein you could enjoy the soft social converse of the honey moon. Or, should you wish to go to Europe, you of course cannot go by a slow 7 sailing pack et, but must take the wheel propelled steamer. Indeed, so great is the change in this regard, that we might well exclaim, with Milton : “Os man’s first disobedience, and the fruit Os that forbidden tree whose mortal taste Brought tftam into the world and all our wo— Bing, Heavenly muse!” After a few more remarks, the lecturer said that he considered this to be the great blessing of Marriage—that it does away with our selfish ueci; it deliver* us from the mere forms of meum and tuum; it endears both parties, *nnd turn# a slavish drudgery into a free and joyous Service. Most properly has Marriage been said to ke a type of the union between the Church and our Lord. And it has been well said, that as to Adana Paradise was home, so to his descen dants koine is Paradise. [Applause.] €l)c (timm avfo Bmimd COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. = WEDNESDAY MOKNING, FEB. 9, 1853. KGJtTH AND SOUTH, Or, Slavery an© its Contrasts. We have hastily run over this very entertaining work. It is, professedly, a reply to Uncle Toni’s Cabin. The author very properly “carries the war into Afri ca ;” and in the by-lanes, alleys and prisons of the North, finds examples of poverty, of suffering, of wrong,which put, to shame the picture* of misery which the heated imagin ation of Mrs. Stowe has found among the lowly at the South. Frank Harley, a wealthy merchant, marries the daughter of a wealthy New England gentleman, and brings her to New York. For years the lovely Ga zella Harley is a leader of fashionable society, and Frank stood high in the commercial world, with a reputation of the most unblemished integrity. Years rolled on, and our pretty bride has changed to the blooming ma tron—the mother of nine lovely ehildfen, most of whom were girls. But Frank was living too fast. He drank too much ; and in a fatal hour he ventured his all upon a hazard and lost. It is announced in the public prints that Frank Harley is a bankrupt. His sunshine friends de sert him. Beggared in purse, deserted by heartless friends, burthened with a large family—the slave of ap petite—and stricken by disease, he sinks under the weight of accumulated misfortunes, and throws upon his tender wife the burthen of supporting liis family. The history of the struggles of this tender mother and her children, with the money-loving and grasping traders of the North, is the burthen of this pathetic story, Mrs. Rusit, the author, is now in this city soliciting subscriptions, and we take great pleasure in commend ing her work to the favorable consideration of our com munity. “Democratic Harmony,”—The Washington Republic. The Washigton Rebublic , does us the honor to transfer to its columns a long article of ours in reference to the propriety of giving Mr. Dix, a eabinet appoint ment, as evidence and illustration of Democratic harmo ny ; and alleges upon this proo f , that “General Pierce, according to his warmest southern advocates, is to ad mit none but “State Rights men,” to every office of honor and influence—excluding Union Democrats .as well as Free Soilers, for,” says the Republic, “the Times , while shutting the door in the face of General Dix, takes pains to say, “it is idle to suppose that Mr. Cobb or any of that” (the Union) “ilk will receive of fice at the hands of the incoming administration.” We will not disguise that we desire no union with free soilers, unless they will recant their heresy and give a hearty endorsement to the platform of the party, on the subject of slavery. It is sheer hypocracy for a ■tatesmau to pretend to belong to the demcratio fold, while he “spits upon the party platform.” In referance to the union democrats, the Republic misrepresents us. Our objections to Mr. Cobb were placed distinctly upon the ground that ho had refused to co-operate with tko democratic party in the election of General Pierce; and that his"friends nominated and run an opposition ticket to that which was triumphantly elected, and aided in the elevation of General Pierce to the Presidency by giving him the vote of Georgia. The “ilk,” referred to was “theTugaloo ilk,” not “tke union iik.” While we shall ever regret the defection of “the union ilk” ia the terrible contest of 1850, as the most fatal and dangerous blow which was ever inflicted upon the independence and safety of the south, we are not prepared to proscribe them. Thousands of them are good and true State Rights men, and we confidently re ly upon them in our future contests with the embattled host of consolidatiouists who are straining every nerve to trample under foot the sovreignty of the states, and to build up a great central government which shall domineer over the liberties of the people, and fatten its favorites with the spoils of nations. The Infant Drummer’s Concert. The performance of this little prodigy, in Temper ance Hall, on the night of the 7th inst., surpassed our most sanguine expectations. He is of such tender age that your sympathies are painfully excited when he is brought in and set upon a table, and a large, heavy drum is swung round his neck, and great drum sticks, quite as large a* his arm, are placed in his hands. The first roll, however, dispells your fears ; the face of the baby genius lights up with enthusiasm and the whole frame is excited with his music. You even forget the tiny performer in rapturous admiration of his performance. We never heard or saw his equal before. He is indeed a wonder. He surpassed the highest anticipations of his audience. Professor and Madame Louie, who accompany the Infant Drummer are highlv accomplished musicians We were particularly pleased with Madame Louie’s songs. She has a sweet voice, and sings with taste and, spirit. Prof. Louie is a good comic actor and singer, and adds much to the amusement of the audience by his dry humor. The concerts of the Infant Drummer will be continued for several nights, and we urge upon all our citizens to avail themselves of the opportunity af forded of seeing the “Eighth Wonder of the world.” Theatricals. We are gratified to announce that Mr. Crisp and company will visit our city probably as early as the 13th inst., for the purpose of giving a series of theatri cal entertainments. This company have given great satisfaction wherever they have performed. An ex change paper of high character thus notices them: “We have attended their representations and have always come away delighted and instructed. The acting of Mr. Crisp, in this city, would do honor to any boards. A deep, musical voice, a gesticulation which models grace, an unequalled mobility of feature, and a perfect appreciation of the sentiment of the author, com bine to endow him with qualities not possessed by any but a favored few. lie reminds us very strongly of Forrest. He is well supported by Mrs. Crisp. Her silvery intonation rung in our ears for hours after Pauline was happy and Mrs. Haller had ceased to weep. Iler per sonation of this latter character has met with the high est applause from our best judges. We are inclined to think it her best role as far as we have seen her.” Musical Festival. Ole Bull, the greatest performer on the violin in the world, and a noble hearted American citizen, will give one concert in this city on the 14th inst. He will be assisted by M. Strakosch, whose ability on the Piano is scarcely inferior to that of Ole Bull on the Violin, and by Signorina- Amalia Patti Strakosch. We an ticipate a rich and rare entertainment, and hope to see our entire population at Temperance Hall on the night of the concert. It is not often that our commun ity is permitted to enjoy so pure and intellectual an entertainment. The Great Circus and Menagarie. On Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, 21st, 22d and 23rd inst., Robinson & Eldred’s great combined Circus and Menagarie, will be exhibited in this city. Their bill of fare is exceedingly attractive. The most brilliant arena sports and entertainments will be combined with the largest collection of animals ever exhibited in this section of country, and all under one canvass. Price of admission fifty cents, For further particulars, see advertisement in another column. A Beautiful Present. We have been shown a splendid Gold Watch, which the Chatham Artillery presented to the Infant Drum mer as a testimonial of their appreciation of his extra ordinary genius. It bears the following inscription : “Presented, by the Chatham Artillery, to Benson A. English, the Infant Drummer. Savannah, Jan. 26th, 1853,” Henry Clay and the Infant Drummer. The public can witness many of the valuable presents made to the Musical Champion of Georgia, the Infant Drummer, in the window of Whittelsey & Co.’s Music and Jewelry Store, among which is a unique and val uable Gold Seal, presented to the Infant Drummer by the late Henry Clay. This seal represents the Sage of Ashland, as he appeared, resting himself under a tree, with his favorite dog beside him. No Georgian can look on these distinguished testi monials without feeling a spirit of exultation for his na tive State, which claims the honor of producing this un paralleled musical wonder, the Infant Drummer. The Jerry Rescue Case. The New York Herald says : “Enoch Reed the colo red man whose * case has occupied the attention of the United States Circuit Court at Albany during the past week, was yesterday morning declared guility of assisting in the rescue of the fugitive slave Jerry, from the officers who had him in charge at Syracuse. Notwithstanding the combined efforts of the abolitionists of this and other States, headed by Gerrift t Smith,to save Reed and Lis coadjutors from punishment—and although they succeed” ed in staving off the trials until excitement upon the sub ject had entirely died away, except among themselves— the national constitution and the Congressional compro mises of 1850 have, in this instance, been fully sustained by unenlightened and impartial jury. This is a gloi'ious triumph of the laws of the land over those agitators who would set them at defiance. It is a triumph of the princi* pies of justice over those fanaticism, that will be apprecia ted by the masses of the country, and one that will be of infinite service in restoring that good feeling with our Southern brethern, which for a time had been disturbed by the groundless insinuations emanating from rival States and cities. The Grear West.— ln “1836 the commerce oi] the lakes was computed to bo $6,461,274 in value. In 1843 that value “had become $89,538,726, In 1848 it was $156,484,905 ; and it is now more than $200,000,000. “The area of the Mississippi valley is 1,500,000 ..square miles. It populated as densely as New England, it would hold 60,000,000 of people. If populated like England, it would contain 345,000000 of souls— nearly equivalent to one-half the present population of the globe. Less than seventy-five years ago it contained but 20,000 people, besides aborigines; now it contains more “than 11,000000 of civilized inhabitants. It can support a denser population than any country of like extent in the world Taxes in Cincixnatti.— Quite a number of the tax payers in Cincinnati run into the thousands. Mr. Nicho as Longworth as high a $19,177. He must feel poor labout the time the tax gaterer comes rouud. His taxes, probably, exceed those of any other individual in the State. John Riddle, sen., pays the next highest in Ciucinnati. {•‘5,446. Eleven pay over $3,000; twenty-six over $2,000 : eigh ty.one SI,OOO ; and two hundred and fifty-four SSOO o: over* The venerable Jacob Barnet pays $2,857, and the Burnet House $3,150. Robert Burns, the Ayrshire poet and j Lugliman, who died neglected and unfriended, is likely in his descendants to mingle with the aristocracy of Britain we see, by our late English files. Major Burns—or Colonel—at present holding* a h:gh situation in India, has his patent of nobil ity made out, and will shortly be gazetted as Baron Ellis land, the name of Burns’ farm. Mr. C. 11, Kiugsmore of Abberville Districts, C., and M. D. by profession, and a young man of fine talents, has jiven up the spatula for the pencil, and gone to Italy to study painting, Futher byjhe Canada. Great Britain. —Fears are entertained in England of a coupe de main by Napoleon. Napier, the English Ship Builder, had received orders from Napoleon to build six teen Frigates for him. The British Admiralty, however cancelled the order, and instructed Napier to build the same number of Frigates for the British Government, — The Government are .also instituting enquiries of the Bail Road Companies as to how many men, horses, and muni tions of war they! could carry to.specified points in case of emergency. A large Militia station is to be formed near Birmingham. No more regular troops are to be sent from home, and gjeat activity prevails in the different Navy Yards. France.—Louis Napokon was to have been married to Madame Montigo on the 30th ult. The dowry de manded for the Bride was five million francs, Twenty line of battleships, eighteen frigates,* and fifteen smaller vessels are being built in theTTrench navy yards. Flowers and Fruits.—After doing much, very much to foster and increase among our citizens the taste for cultivating flowers and fruits, to decorate and enhance their pleasant home, Mr. Peabody returned to his own on M ednesday night, bearing with him the warmest wishes of a large number of newly made, but much attached fi.ends. M bile here, he received orders for a far larger quantity of his fine strawberry plants than even his exten sive nursery can supply. In two or three years time our Mobile market will boast as abundant a supply of choice strawberries as that of any city in the Union .-Mobile Reg. The Soil of the South.—ls rich in the variety of its productions. Its thoughts on Agriculture are clear and comprehensive. It is a monthly of 32 pages, at One Dol lar per annum. The Agricultural and Horticultural de partments are both ably conducted ; the former by James M. Chambers, the latter by Charles A. Peabody. These men are engaged in a worthy & noble, calling & certainly deserve the countenance and patronage oftheir fellow-citi zens of the Soutli. An improve in the system of Southern fanning must be*manifest to every observer; and Agricul tural Societies, aided by Agricultural periodicals m st work out this improvement.—Dem; West Telescope Gas Company. \Y e are pleased to learn, that the Board of Directors of this company yesterday declared a dividend of seven per. cent, out of the profits of the past six months. This is an excellent dividend when it is con sidered tin’s is the first six months business of the company and that they have not yet completed the different avenues of piping through the city.— Const. 6th inst. Mail Robbery.—A large robbery of the mail, between Claiksville and Paris, Tenu.,took place a few days ago.— The mail carrier, who is suspected, has disappeared.— Twelve letters, containing amounts varying from $250 down tosl, are known to be missing. A ‘“Liquor Bill,” is before the Legislature of Ohio which allows the manufacturer of spirituous liquors in the State, the transportation through and storage in the State, and the sale of liquors by any one, without restric tion, for medicinal, mechanical and sacramental purposes. Louisiana Senator.—The LouisianA House of Rep resentatives refused to go into the election of a United States Senator, The Senate has referred the question to the Judiciary Committee. PjffLO's Andelphos —We notice by the PhlbideT- Phia papers, that the hubs of the Engine and Hose earriages are armed with iron points, for the pur pose of cutting away the spokes of any rival car* iage that comes in collision, and of course, acts aiike a circular saw upon ail that they encounter, whether man or beast, or mere painted wood. One of these, while two companies were racing on Sat urday evening, struck a horse standing by the curb stone, and the poor auimal’s legs were shockingly lacerated. \ Austria has just addressed a domineering note to the government of tire Swiss Confederation, threatening to resort to extreme measures, unless the Capuchin monks, expelled from the Canton of Ticino, be restored, a s they are claimed as Austri an subjects. Letters from Vienna sta'e that Aus tria is disposed to pick np a quarrel with the Swiss. Mr, Sam. Med ary of Ohio, is said to be strenu ously opposed by the Ohio people for a cabinet offi cer, and remonstrances against his choice have been forwarded to Concord. Mr. Cambell, Representa tive from Ohio, (Eree-Soiler) has been offered the nomination for Governor of that Stale, but 7 has not determined upon its acceptance. A vessel is now loading at Richmond, Pa., with coni for Australia, This is the firstshipment of the black diamonds of Pennsylvania to that far off land of golden promise. Lous McLane is now spoken of for the Department of State in the new Cabinet, and Mr. Staunton, of Tcnn., for the Navy. The lion. Mr. Dixon, Senator from Kentucky, left V aslnngton en route for Havana on Tuesday hisphys'- eians having recomended him immediately remove to a warm climate. Mrs. Ex-rresident Tyler and the Duchess of Sutherland. ■The following is an extract from the letter of Mrs. Tyler, wife of ex-President Tyler, in reply to the letter of the Duchess of Sutherland, con cerning the institution of slavery in the United States: “If you wish a suggestion as to the suitable occupation of you idle hours, I will point you to the true field for your philanthropy—the unsup plied wants of your own people of England. In view of your palaces, there is misery and suf sering enough to excite your most active sym pathies. I remember to have seen, lately, that there were jn the city of London “alone, one hundred tuousand persons who rose i.; the morning without knowing where or how they were to obtain their ‘daily bread,’ and \ remember, also, somewhere to have seen, that the Eleemosynary establishment of England cost annually x 1,000,000 sterling—a sum great- • er than that expended bv the frugal and eco nomical government of ours, with its army and navy, and civil and diplomatic bill. Surely, surely, here is a field large enough for the ex ercise of the most generous sympathy—the nio-* I unbounded charity.’ Go, my good Duchess r ‘ Sutherland, on an embassy of mercy to t] , poor, the stricken, the hungry and the naked < - your own land—cast in tlu ir laps the superfia of your enormous wealth; a single jewel from your hair, a single gem from your dress would relieve many a poor female of England, who U now cold, and shivering, and destitutute. Em ter the abode of desolation and want, and can squalid wretchedness to put on one smile of comfort, perhaps the first one which has liHitc and up its face tor a lifetime. Leave it to the wo men of the South to alleviate the su fie rings m their dependents, while you take care of \- o u;* jj. & i: ‘ own. “For another subject quite as fruitful of gym. path} 7 , I need only refer you to the condition of Ireland, with its population hut recently starving for food, which was lreeiy supplied from our granaries, and at this moment craving mercy from avaricious landlords, who, to ex. tend the area of grazing lands, are leveling their humble cottages to the ground, and sending them forth to die upon the public highways. Women of England, go thither with your ten. der charities. There, on the road side sinks an , attenuated and exhausted mother, still straining! her perishing child to her breast, while the un happy husband and father, himself foodless and raimentless, sheds drops of agon y over the heart rending scene. Spare from the well-fed ne groes of these States one drop of your supera bounding sympathy, to pour into that bitter cup which is overrunning with sorrow and with tears. Poor, suffering, down trodden Ireland! land of poetry and song, of noble deeds and generous emotions —birth-place ot the warrior, the statesman and the orator —there is no room for you in the sympathizing hearts of the women of England. Let the Celtic race he driven by starvation from the land of their lathers, and its exodus would he regarded, not with sorrow 7, but with joy and gladness by the secret heart of England.’’ This letter of Mrs. Tyler’s was elicited by an appeal which was made to the fair authoress through a communication in the Richmond En quirer, the writer of which thinking a suitable response should be made to the British ladies’ by one of those to whom their appeal was ad dressed, suggested Mrs. T. as the proper person, as follows: “I will venture to suggest that there resides, gentlemen, in your neighborhood, a lady born and educated in the North, and fully possessed of the feelings of that region in regard to slave ry, who has traveled extensively in Europe, and observed the condition of the lower classes in free countries, (God save the mark!) and yet lives at the present time, and has done so for years, in a slaveholding community, an owner of slaves, to whose happiness she thereby con tributes far more efficiently than the whole host of abolitionists. This lady might and would be heard with interest by all parties to this contro versy.” And truly she lias responded with ability and eloquence. The letter, the Alexandria Gazelle says, does great credit to the Intelligence and heart of Mrs. Tyler, and, says the Richmond Enquirer, “we respect her ’sill! more for faithful execution of duty, because, in behalf of her insulted and injured country, and in the vin dication of truth, she lias had fa 1 nigral courage to attach her own name to her admirable pro duction.” In this last she has set an example which many of the valorous men, who so often desiro to w rite for the press, would do w r ell to imitate. llow to Preserve the Liberties of the People. BY JOHN C. CALHOUN. j “Where the diversity of interests exists, in separate and distinct classes of the community, as in the case of England, and was formerly the case in Sparta, Rome, and most of the free states of antiquity, the rational constitutional provision is that each should be represented in the gov ernment, as a separate estate, with a distinct voice, and a negative on the acts of its co-es tates, in order to check their encroachments. — In England the constitution has assumed ex pressly this form, while in the governments of Sparta and Rome the same thing was effected under different, but not much less efficacious forms. The perfection of their organization, in this particular, was that which gave to the con stitutions of these renowned states all their ce lebrity, which secured their liberty for so many centuries, and raised them to so great a height of power and prosperity. Indeed, a constitu tional provision, giving to the great and spew to interests of the coßimunity the light of self protection, must appear, to those who will duly reflect on the subject, not less essential to the preservation of liberty than the right of suffrage itself. They, in fact, have a common object, to effect which the one is as necessary as the other to secure responsibility; that is, that those who make and execute the laics should be accoun table to those on whom the laws in reality operate —the only solid and durable foundation oj liber ty. If, without the right of suffrage, our ru lers would oppress us, so without the right oi self-protection, the major would equaliy op press the minor interests of the communit . The absence of the former would make the governed the slaves of the rulers—and the lat ter, the feebler interests, the victim of the stron ger. * * * * To realize its perfection, we must view the general government aid those ol the stales as a whole, each in its proper sphere independent, each perfectly adapted to its re spective objects; the states acting separately. 1 representing and protecting the local and pecu liar interests; actingly jointly through one gene ral government, with the weight respectively as signed to each by the constitution, representing and protecting the interests of the whole, and thus perfecting, by an admirable but simple ar rangement, the great principle--of representation and responsibility, without which no gov. ra iment can be free or just. To preserve tins cred distribution, as originally settled, by co ercing each to move in its proscribed oro, i tbe great and difficult problem, on the solution of which the duration of our constitution, oi ovt Union, and, in all j ropability, our liberty o - pends. Dow is-this so be effected i The ‘ra tion is new when applied to our peculiar pwiu cal organization, where the separate and flletim*’ interests of society are represented