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THE NORTH GEORGIAN
(SUCCESSOR TO THE NORTH
GEORGIA BAPTIST.)
Entered at the postoffice at Cum
nine, Ga., as second class matter.
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A valuable university course would
'be to teach the young men there what
to do with their education after they
get it. Miys the New York Press.
In a recent speech Sir Robert Hart
•called attention to a remark made to
him years ago by the Chinese prime
minister, Wen Hsiang: “You had bet
ter let us sleep on; if you will awak
en us, we'll go further and faster than
you’ll like."
Ten years ago, relates the Hartford
Courant, Miss Martha Berry estab
lished her industrial school for the
mountain boys of Georgia. She began
by giving 100 acres of land, which
had been given to her by her father,
and erecting a ten-room building
where she and a friend taught five
boys. Now the Berry school has 150
pupils. 15 teachers, 1,200 acres of land,
three dormitories and a recitation
hall. The boys till the land and they
belpe<l erect the buildings. The only
charge so far as the pupils are con
cerned is for the food they eat. If
they cannot pay for that, Miss Berry
help:; them out, and she raises the
money to meet the other expenses of
the institution.
The El Paso Times, approving a
suggestion that children in public
sschooh; along the border be taught
Spanish, says that in the courts and
ven in the legislatures in New Mex
ico and Arizona “It Is found neces-
;sary to employ interpreters in order
fhat one American citizen can under
stand what another American citi
zen is testifying or that one American
lawgiver can understand what are the
provisions of a law which another
.American citizen proposes to have
nacted for the government of other
-American citizens.” It says that it
seems impossible to teach the Mex
ican children in the schools English.
As soon as they leave the schoolroom
-they speak Spanish.
The policy of barring gypsies, which
the new immigration commissioner
at Ellis Island is enforcing, is likely
to meet with general public approv
al, believes the Boston Transcript.
There is no conceivable respect in
which they can be a benefit to our
society. While not likely to be a
charge on our communities in the or
dinary sense, they are suspected of
being so in another. They 'are hardly
desirable neighbors even for a short
time, and it has become the custom
in most communities to refuse them a
place to fix their camps. Picturesque
o*> doubt they are. and reminders of
certain phases of the days of ro
mance and chivalry, but we measure
nr human accretions these days by
lire standard of utility and according
to ithat they are invariably found
vs anting.
5 “National Guard’’ is a true phrase
now. Until very recently it was a fic
tion. We shall have a true national
;gu.ri—when we have the men, boasts
•fhe IStew York Mail. But at the present
moment the organized militia, on the
new basis, does not number more
than 110,000 men all told, and per
haps 25,000 of these would not be
found fit for active service. There are
only six states in the Union that have
an organized militia of more than
4,000 men, and those six states are
all in the northeastern part of the
country. All the southern states tak
en together have but a few more or
ganized militia than the state of New
York alone. Militarism? Not in the
least. An organized citizen soldiery is
the opposite of militarism—it is an
insurance against it. \\ ithout a na
tional citizen-guard of at least 500,000
men we must have a larger regular
army- With it the regular army need
never be increased, if the population
of the country rose to 150,000,000. It
is plain common sense. Is Switzer
land, where every man is a trained
ami ready soldier, and where there is
no. regular army at all, a militaris
tic country'? And is Switzerland the
only country in the world that is ca
llable of defensive common sense.
E. H. HARRIMAN DEAD
End Comes to Noted Railway
Magnate at Arden, N. Y.
FINANCIAL WORLD PREPARED
Greatest Achievment of Mr. Harriman
Was the Re-organization of the
Union Pacific Ralroad.
EPITOME OF EDWARD H.
HARRIMAN’S CAREER.
Born February 25, 1848. One
of six children of a couutry
clergyman, wnose salary was
S2OO a year.
After two years spent in a
church school poverty cut short
his education.
At the age of fourteen he be
came an errand boy m a Wall
street broker s office.
Four years later he was ap
pointed a clerk, sharing in the
firm’s profits.
At t wenty-two he bought a seat
on the New York Stock Exchange
with money he made in specula
tion.
At forty he became vice pres
ident of the Illinois Central.
At fifty he reorganized the
Union Pacific.
Now he has realized his dream
of an ocean-to-ocean railroad sys
tem under his absolute control.
Died September 9, 1909.
Arden, N. Y. —Edward H. Ham
man, the greatest organizer of rail
roads the world has ever known, mei
the only lasting defeat of his active
life at the hands of death.
Secluded in his magnificent home
on Tower Hill, surrounded by mem
bers of his family, physicians and
nurses, he succumbed to an intestinal
disorder, after a fight against disease
which will rank for sheer grit with
his remarkable struggles in tne finan
cial world.
Mr. Hariman di,ed peacefully, ar.d
almost to the end his brilliant mind
retained its integrity.
Mrs. Hardman was completely pros
trated from the shock of her hus
band’s death. Unconsolable in her
deep grief, she was under the care
of Dr. W. G. Lyle and for a time
it was thought that the sudden shock
might result seriously. ,
The announcement of Mr. Harri
man’s death caused an immense sen
sation throughout New York city,
particularly in Wall street and in
financial circles, where Harriman had
been a dominating personality.
With the knowledge that Mr. Har
riman could not long continue his
active career Wall street had prepar
% itself for his death. There was
no feeling of shock or alarm when
the announcement came, beyond the
sentiment of universal personal sor
row, and it was evident that there
was a general feeling of security and
even of serenity as to the future.
It is believed by Mr. Harriman s as
sociates that the railroad system
which he carried forward to such a
degree of success will be continued
with practically no change of policy,
and that plans to that end were per
fected by Mr. Harriman long before
his death.
J. Pierpont Morgan told Wall
street how to interpret E. H. Harri
man’s death by opening Union Pa
cific stock nearly 3 points above the
previous closing and making all other
issues strong and active.
For many years the figure of Ed
ward Harriman has loomed large be
fore the American public as the col
ossus of American railroads, and his
name has been connected with road
building and combining projects ot
ever increasing magnitude and ambi
tion. His mind, a veritable human
dynamo, conceived the idea of unit
ing all the great railroads of America
into one gigantic system, and he
seemed to be in a fair way to carry
out his idea when illness cried halt
to him. Mr. Harriman's intense
Americanism and belief in the future
of the United States have frequently
been cited by his friends. He himself
asserted that the immense fortune
that came to him as a by-product of
his plans was not in any sense the
goal of his ambition, but merely an
Indirect result of his successful plans
for developing the railroad resousces
of his country.
He was not a constructive railroad
man, like James J. Hill, nor yet a
railroad wrecker, like Jay Gould, but
he knew how to use the vast resourc
es of Wall street to weld together
the great Isolated nnlroad properties
of the country into a homogeneous
whole.
Estimates of Mr. Harriman’s estate
vary widely.
There is a consensus of opinion that
NEW GERMAN LABOR ROLL
Labor May Quit and Employer May
Discharge Without Notice.
Washington, D. C. —The right of
the laborer to quit work and of the
employer to discharge without ad
vance’ notice, is a unique principle
outlined in a recent agreement readi
ed after a 12 weeks ’strike of car
penters and joiners in Nurembuig,
German.
This introduces anew rule in the
German labor world, declares Ameri
can Consul G. N. i/ft. at Nuremberg,
as heretofore in every trade, profes
sion, business and employment, due
notice has been required before an
employee could quit work or be dis
charged.
Edward H. Harriman,
Greatest of Railroad Men
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it is in excess of $50,000,000, while
one authority places it as high as
$500,000,000. He was president of
sixteen great corporations and a di
rector or trustee cf twenty-seven oth
ers.
His home at Arden represents an
outlay of over $2,000,000.
The great achievement of Mr. Harrj
raan’s career as a financier and rail
road manager was the rehabilitation
of the Union Pacific and Southern Pa
cific railway systems.
Mr. Harriman undertook this Her
culean task when he w ; as nearly fifty
years old, and after he *liad once prac
tically retired from business. Other
financiers had failed signally to put
these properties on a paying basis,
but Mr. Harriman, following the or
ganization of the Union Pacific in
1897, began a systematic plan to place
the properties in the 4>est condition
for their maintenance at a high stand
ard of efficiency.
It was his policy to keep his rail
roads in the best workable condition,
confident that sooner or later the
question of dividends would take care
of itself.
To the task he had undertaken, Mr.
Hariiman gave unfagging industry,
and it was his constant work tnai
brought cn the final breakdown in his
health. Stomach trouble developed
more than a year ago, and medical
treatment gave no relief.
This summer he went to Europe to
consult the greatest specialists there,
but he was not benefitted. On his re
turn to this country lie went at once
to his magnificent country home at
Arden, where death occurred.
With the simplicity which marked
him as a living man, even while he
held the reins of the greatest rail
road system in the world and was
hailed as “king,’’ the funeral of E. H.
Harriman was held from the Harri
man home, and interment was made
in the little, unpretentious cemetery
at Arden. Mr. Harriman was
to rest beside the grave of his eldest
son.
The funeral cortege consisted of a
few personal friends of the dead rail
way wizard and members of the
family.
Mr. Harriman is survived by a wid
ow, two sons, Avery and Roland Har
riman, and three daughters, Mrs. Rob
ert L. Gerry, Miss Mary and Miss
Carol Harriman.
WORK FOR ROOSEVELT.
Ex-President to Take Hold of Canal
Problem.
New Orleans, La. —“Roosevelt is to
take hold of the Panama canal prob
lem as commander-in-chief on the
isthmus and rush the work to com
pletion.”
This is the message that comes di
rect from the zone, and, furthermore,
comes semi-ofticially.
T. W. Harris of Columbus, Ohio,
one of the government engineers, di
recting the canal work, arrived here
from the zone with the news.
“It is generally understood on the
isthmus,” said Mr. Harris, that Mr.
Roosevelt will take active charge of
the canal construction as soon as he
returns from his African hunt and
cleans up the most pressing of his
literary engagements. There is no
dissatisfaction with the present man
agement, but the general belief among
the men wno are building the big
ditch, officials and workmen, is that
with Colonel Roosevelt's energy and
leadership brought to bear on the
task, work would progress faster than
it possibly could under any other
man. The wish may prove to have
been father to the thought; neverthe
less the declaration that the former
president is coming to us as our chief
is reiterated with such insistence by
canal men of high degree that it has
come to be accepted down there as
a settled fact.
“Work on the canal is progressing
smoothly now, and the army engi
neers are measuring squarely up to
their great responsibilities.”
Curtiss Wins (irand Prize.
Brescia. Glenn H. Curtiss, the
American aviator who won the inter
national cup at Rheims, captured the
grand prize in the aviation meet here.
Curtiss made his flight for the grand
prize covering 50 kilometers (31.05
miles), in 49 minutes 24 seconds. His
share of tlm sin,m)o priz” is $6,000.
Lindsay Leaves R. F. U. Carriers.
Atlanta, Ga.—Paul L. Lindsay of
Tucker, Ga., president of the Nation
al Association of Rural Letter Car
riers, has announced that he will not
stand for re-election, to that office at
the forthcoming convention of that
body in Rochester, N. Y„ on the 21st
of this month.
NORTH POU! CONTROVERSY
Dr. Cook and Commander Peary Are Hurrying Home to
Place Claims Before Authorities— Peary’s Report
Substantiation of Cook’s Speed Claims.
London, England.—The latest in
stallment of Commander Peary’s sto
ry, as published here in The Times,
coincides in many important partic
ulars with Dr. Cooks story.
It is evident from Peary’s story that
there will be no doubt cast on his
own claim as to reaching the pole.
He took observations with great
care; made soundings, but failed to
touch bottom and made a careful de
tour of the immediate polar circle.
A most important item of the ac
count is Peary’s statement that in 12
hours he once covered 40 miles.
Fault had been found by critics
with Dr. Cook’s claims of averaging
fifteen miles a day on his dash north.
Scientists declared that Dr. Cook’s
story is both corroborated and dis
credited by Commander Robert E.
Peary’s account.
A striking similarity in the descrip
tion of the Arctic fields beyond the
88th parallel of latitude and within
the very shadow of the pole in the
narratives of the two explore-rs —a
vividly similar description of the
smooth, glacial surfaces and the rap
id time these conditions enabled both
men to make, went far to shatter
the skepticism concerning Cook's ex-1
plcit and yet in the matter of tem
perature the figures are different, Mr. J
Peary giving the temperature at 40 j
degrees below zero, while Dr. Cook ]
placed it at 83 degrees below—a vast j
discrepancy.
Beyond the 89tli latitude the tem
perature rose 15 degrees, according
to Peary. Cook made no mention of
warmer weather. So identically do
certain details bear out the state
ments of Dr. Cook that scientists and
geog:f.phers •who had held aloof from
the controversy declared their faith
in the physician-explorer’s story,while
of course crediting Commander Pea
ry’s story and using it as a basis of I
comparison.
In the matter of temperature, the
biggest discrepancy exists. Peary'
speaks of the temperature ranging
from 33 degrees to 12 on April 7, the
day he left the pole. Dr. Cook’s fig
ures ranged fully 50 degrees lower
After leaving the 88th parallel, Peary j
set out alone in his dog sledge, leav
ing the other members of the party
to break camp and follow him.
Peary’s description of the ice fields
beyond the 88th parallel hears out
Cook’s description. The surface, says
The Times account, was smooth and!
level as a glacial fringe, broken only
occasionally with ridges and with
very little open water. The dogs
were able to proceed at, a gallop and
in one 'run of ten hours immediately
after passing the 88th parallel Peary
made 20 miles.
At the 89th parallel the tempera
ture was 40 degrees below zero. Pass
ing the 89th parallel Peary made 25
miles in a single dash in a bitter
wind so cold that the flesh cracked
and even the Eskimos complained.
Beyond the 89th the scene was som
ber, the horizon smoky and gray, the
desolation indescribable.
Not a living thing in sight and the
solitude broken only by the groaning
of the greenish ice floes over which
the sledge sped. Cook had called it
a desolate spot—the solitude unbrok
en and the silence and loneliness op
pressive. As Peary proceeded the
going grew better and faster time
was made —another important feature
completely vindicating Dr. Cook and
bearing out, apparently, his narra
tive completely.
In 12 hours the Peary party was
DR. COOK MAKES FIRST
CRITICISM OF PEARY’S TRIP
Copenhagen, Denmark. AstonisU
ing speed of 26.7 miles for nine days
made by Commander Peary on his
dash over the ice plains to the pole,
according to the figures which he has
cabled to America and Europe, was
pointed out by Dr. Frederick A. Cook
and his supporters as the first link in
the chain of corroborative evidence
by which Cook hopes to reinstate his
claim to the world
Commander Peary’s summary of his
trip shows that he made the final two
hundred and thirty-nine miles to in
pole in thirteen days. Cook claims
he made two hundred and twenty-six
miles over the ice in fifteen days and
his claim met with ridicule.
able to make 40 miles. There was
not a single stretch of open water
to hinder the march. The goal was
almost in sight.
Commander Peary took observa
tions at frequent intervals, until lie
had established his feat. The com
mander had realized the ambition of
his life; he was at the North Pole.
A detour of some eighteen miles
was made about the pole, observa
tions being taken almost continuous
ly to establish not only proof of the
discovery but for scientific values sub
sequently.
On the afternoon of April 7, the
day after the pole had been discov
ered a sounding was made five miles
from the North Pole. The plummet
dropped 9,009 feet into the sea, and
still did not touch bottom.
Then started the race home. A
gale sprang up with giting winds
and blinding snow. Luck favored
Peary just as it had favored Cook the
year before.
Commander Peary’s brief outline as
cabled here is as follows;
“Julv 6, 1908, left New York; July
left Cape Sydney; Asgust 1, ar
’■ved at Cape York, Greenland; Aug
ust 8, left Etah, Greenland; Septem
ber 1, arrived at Cape Sheridan,
Greenland; September 1 to February
15 wintered at Cape Sheridan; Feb
ruary 15, the sledge expedition left
the Roosevelt; March 1, expedition
started north of Cape Columbia;
March 2, passed the British record;
March 2 to 11, delayed by open wa
ter; March 11, crossed 84th parallel;
March 12 to 15, delayed by open wa
ter; March 18, crossed 85th parallel;
March 22, crossed 86th parallel;
March 23, passed Norwegian record,
after encountering open March
24, passed Italian record; March 24
to 26, held up by open lead; March
27, crossed 87th parallel; March 28,
passed American record; March 29,
encountered open water; April 2,
passed 88th parallel; April 4, crossed
89th parallel; April 6, reached north
pole; April 6 and 7, at north pole
taking observation.** April 7, left
north pole; April 23, reached Cape
Columbia; April 27, reached Roose
velt; July 18, Roosevelt left Cape
Sheridan; August 8, passed Cape Sa
bine; August 16, left Cape York; Sep
i tember 5, arrived at Indian Harbor,
Labrador.
DEGREE CONFERRED ON COOK
BY COPENHAGEN UNIVERSITY
Copenhagen, Denmark. —The Uni
versity of Copenhagen conferred upon
Dr. Cook the degree of Sc. D. (Doctor
of Science), thereby recognizing, it
was pointed out by his friends, in an
important official manner, his claim
to the discovery of the pole.
Dr. Cook has cancelled his engage
ment to lecture before the Geograph-
ROBERT E. PEARY.
ical Society of Brussels, and will
reach New York about September 20
or 21. Captain Roald Amundsen will
probably accompany him.
Dr. Cook’s plan to send a ship from
Copenhagen to Greenland to bring
back to civilization his two Eskimo
companions on his expedition trip will
not be carried out until next year as
Danish officials have informed him
that it is now too late in the season
for a trip, to Etah. The expedition, it
is stated, will be started early next
spring.
In scientific circles, both in Ameri
ca and abroad, the prevailing inclina
tion seems to be to await direct word
from both explorers before arriving
at a conclusion as to their respective
achievements, and although a beliger
ent attitude was still preserved in the
two camps, open hostilities were
largely suspended.
PEARY’S RAPID TRAVELING
SUBSTANTIATES COOK’S CLAIMS
New York City.—Scientists and ex
plorers here comparing the latest dis
patches regarding Commander Peary's
achievement with the reports which
Dr. Cook has sent out, were very
generally agreed that Peary’s find
ings seem to confirm Dr. Cook’s story
in several significant particulars, and
thus far raise no points of disagree
ment, The scientists were ihore pos
itive than ever that the controversy
can be settled beyond reasonable
doubt by an inquiry before a recog
nized scientific body. Their almost
undivided opinion was that Dr. Cook
should not be condemned until his
story has been proved false by unmis
takable evidence.