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THE FIELD AND FIRESIDE. Vol. I. (Thr/idi and /irrsidr. IM’BIjISHEI) by J. o-. CAMPBELL <ic CO. OFFICE IN THE OE1) PRINTING OFFICE Building, Pfnviler S|iriti;s Sired. Mari etta Georgia. DAVII) itOV IN . W. A. I*. JU I.ATCHKV. 1. li. IRWIN’. Irwin, McClatchey & Irwin. VI#)R\EYS AT LAW. Will practice Blue Ridge, Route, and < Circuits. Marietta. March IS. 1877. ly WM.T. WINN. Wil 1.. .1. WINN. W. T. & W. J. WINN, .% 11• ne v s a I Law, MARIETTA. GEORGIA. Mareli 13,1877. ly J. E. MOSELY, AHorurv at Law. ‘IITII. E attend to all I nisi tie- ■ eon (tiled VV to him in Cohh and adjacent enmi ties. Office —in Met'latehoy’s Build ing, up stairs. Marietta, March 13, 1877. (tin E. M. ALLEN, Kc.iilenl l)ciiti*l, Of more than twenty years. < H A RG ES KKASONA B I,E. Office —North side of Public Square. Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly DR. 0. TENNENT, Pi at iit in; Pliysicinii. 13F“ Office on Camille street. —Resi- dence on Cherokee street. Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly DR, E. J. SETZE, Pliysirisii ami Niii';roii, TENDERS Ids professional sendees in the practiee of Medicine in all its branches to the citizens of Marietta and snrroundingcoimtry. office at the Drug Store of Win. Root. meli 13-1 y R. W. GABLE, BOOT MB fc- SHOE MAKER AND REPAIRER. POWDER sprint; street.. MARIETTA, GEORGIA, Work done at very low prices, ami war ranted. March 1, 1877. Haley Brothers, CHEROKEE STREET. Dealers in liimcEKi i:n, i*ko\tnions, AND LEXER \L MERCK AXDIZE. Marietta, Oa., March lit, 1877. ly M. R. Lyon, rIiEKOK E E S I R E ET, I'liiiiii uk(Hi:rii:s And dealer in COUNTRY PRODITE. Marietta, March Id, 1877. lv . T. • 1C INT, CHEROKEE STREET, Saddle and Harness Maker AND REPAIRER. Marietta, Oeo., March lil, 1877. ly CONTRACTOR A X D HI ILDKK. THE undersigned continue,- hi-busi ness ot" Brick Making, Stone and Brick Building, and i- prepared at any rime to take contracts on the most reas onable terms, and to execute them in the most satisfactory manner. If. B. WAT,MS. Marietta, March Id, 1877. ly House Building and Repairing. SASH, BUNDS, DOORS FINISHED TO ORDER. Lumber of all kinds, and at the lowest prices, for sale. Thankful for the liberal patronage hitherto, the subscriber would state that be is fully prepared to contract for the erection of Buildings, and to exe cute the contracts in the most satisfacto ry manner. SHOP, south side Public Square. March, 1877. I.EMU El. BLACK. L S. NORTHCTTI\ DEALER IX i'aiirv and Mf a |>|e DRY GOODS, SHOES AND NOTION'S, i,-. Young'* Old Corner. Marietta March Id. 1877. ly Agritulturul. Selecf ion ol' < 01*11 I*ol* ***!. The following rule is the expe rience of a number of practical cultivators. The most essential point, first, is to start with a good variety. .Start with the best and purest seed that can be found. After this, select the seed from those stalks that have t lie most ears, taking the best from each stalk. That which is ripe.earliest in the field, is to be preferred, oth er things favorable. Those stalks that bear their ears nearest the ground are the best to choose from provided the ears are all right.— Select large fair ears, with kernels of a bright, clear color. Choose those ears in which the rows are most regular and the most uni form in size. Take also those ears thattaper the least, having their butts little larger than their tips. Of several on the same stalk,those that grow nearest the ground are to he preferred, if they have the other requisite point s: select such ears as grow upon the shortest foot stalk, those ears that are well filled out at tlie tips, with the grain covering the extreme end of the cob, are much to he preferr ed. Take the central grains from each ear, rejecting the tips and butts, it has been proven that the kernels near the ends of the cobs give a smaller yield and an inferior grain. When ihe seed planted was not raised in the same vicinity, let it be from a colder, rather than a warmer region. It is advisable to appropriate a small piece of ground for raising seed corn at a distance from the main j crop. In doing this, a warm situ i ation, free from excessive mois ture, with the earth well pulver | ized and manured, is recommend | ed. In this, the seed is to he j planted in hills four or five feet j apart each way, with six to eight j grains in a hill, thinning out after wards to one or two stalks. Plant ing more than one intends not ! only to provide against worms | accidents, but gives a chance for preference or selection, and the j greater number 1 here is to choose : from, the greater is the chance for | perfection in those selected. The Limit of* Improvement JN PLANTS ANU ANIMALS BY Sta.KCTION. .Most persons have heard of the Darwinian theory as to the varia tion of animals tinder domestica tion, and yet but very few have but the vaguest ideas of its char acter and scope. This theory e nunciated by him years ago at traded at that time much atten tion, and gave rise to a long and animated controversy. By many it was pronounced, in regard to the conclusions which he drew from it. extremely wild and vis ionary, but some few of the ablest scientists, especially of Germany, heartily accepted and have since endeavored, by elaborate works, to maintain the truth of Darwin ian hypothesis. It was easy,how ever, to see from the first that if Mr. Darwin wished to firmly es tablish the position lie had assum ed, there was much uphill work before, him. Undeterred, howev er, by hostile critics, lie has con tinued to advance his favorite views, and has published t wo good sized volumes under the title of •• Plants and Animals under Do mestication.’* The aim of Mr. Darwin is to prove that as plants and animals, under the care of man, have been so modified as to produce varia tions, breeds, and sub-breeds, of the same species, so also in their wild state and in the course of time similar changes must have occurred by natural selection,and of the varieties which thu- arose those be-1 suited to the condition of life in which they were placed continued to exist and he trails milted. He asserts that this pow er of modification is subject to no limitation, but that it extends to the production of distinct races. 'Die process by which this has been effected, he assumes, to have been slow and gradual.— The man, for instance, who first preserved a pigeon with it ossopbagiD a little enlarged, its beak a little longer, or its tail a little more expanded than usual, made the first step in the creation MARIETTA. GEORGIA, JUNE 5. 1877. of the Pouter, Carrier or Fan tail Pigeon. Afterwards tile abnor mal qualities thus existing were transmitted to the offspring, and thus came these part ieular breeds. Length of time, however, is all important for this. Each charac ter, to become strongly distinc tive. has to he augmented by sue eessive variations of the same kind, and this can only he effect ed during a long series of gene rations. Length of time will also allow, argues Mr. Darwin, any new fea ture to become permanent by the continual rejection of those indi viduals which revert or vary, and the preservation of those which inherit the new diameter, lienee although some lew animals have varied rapidly in certain respects, under new conditions of life, as dogs in India and sheep in theW. Indies, vet all the animals and plants which have produced strongly marked races were do mesticated at an extremely re mote epoch, often before t he dawn of history. Asa consequence of this no record has been preserved of the origin of our chief domes tic breeds. Even at the present day new strains or breeds are form ed so slowly that their first ap pearance passes unnoticed. A man attends to some particular characteristic, or merely watches his animals with unusual care, and after a time a slight diller ence is perceived by his neigh bors. The difference goes on, be ing augmented by unconscious or methodical selection, until at last anew sub-breed is formed, re ceives a local name and spreads. But by this time its history is al most forgotten. When the new breed has spread widely it gives use to new slrains and sub-breeds. The best of these su<*ceed and spread, supplanting other anil old er breeds, and so always onward in the march of improvement. Such is Mr. Darwin's theory, and with great industrv he has eollec ted an immense array of facts to support it. These facts in them selves and totally irrespective of the ultimate purpose they were collected to serve, are worthy the attention of the farmer and breed er. They are both curious and in structive; are derived from a mint her of rare sources, to most per sons difficult of attainment, and are apparently trustworthy. There is. in Mr. Danvin’s vol umes, a profound research into the nature and condition of life of plants and animals, the cause of their variability, the laws which govern these changes, such as food and climate ; the esse lit iality or non-essentiality of different organs and functions, and the do gree of change of which domestic organisms are susceptible. No one denies to Mr. Darwin the mot if of a profound knowledge of the subjects on which he has under taken to treat, or underrates the importance of the data he has so laboriously collected. His tacts relate to matters, the profit of in vestigating which, w ill he seen tit a glance, when we remember that by judicious selection the English race horse, the American trotter, and the improved breeds of do mestic cattle, have been prod tic ed. Independent of tiny theory, a knowledge of the laws tlmt gov ern the t ransmission of particiilar traits, or of a peculiar type of form and structure, is of incalculable value. In search of his data, Mr. Darwin ranges over a wide field, and devotes chapters to domestic dogs and cats; horses and asses; pigs, cattle, sheep ami goats; do mestic rabits; domestic pigeons and fowls; duck, goose, peacock, turkey, guinea low!, canary bird, and gold fish; hive bees ami silk moths; cultivated plants, * cereal and culinary ; fruits, ornamental trees and (lowers; on bud varia tions, and on certain anomalous modes of reproduction in varia lion; on breeding and inheritance; crossing and hybridizing; on ste rility and it- causes, and on se lection. These different subject-• tin doubtedl v furnish food for serious thought—Mr. Darwin establish ing ItD propositions '<> far as re lates to a wide variation of spe cies. and also the manifest and evident production, by time and selection, of a higher type in ma nv of our domestic animals and plant . He also di cu e the causes of sterility’, as well as cros ing, hybridizing, Ac. It is of some concern to us to trace, even upon hypothesis, the possible descent of our animals either from a common ancestor, or from some supposed interme diate type among wild beasts, as in the case of the dog, whose ori gin is said to he derived from the wolf and the jackal Mr. Darwin endeavors to point out many of the connect ing links, and in doing ibis lie necessarily elucidates nia ny facts in relation to the varia lions, breeding and changes a mong animals from remote ages. W hatever may eventually he thought-of his theory, he gives it to flie world in such a manly sort of way. and fortifies it with such a multiplicity of details t hat even those who. deny' his conclusions, and are disposed to charge him with iirevcranee, do not hesitate to do justice to the great value of his work in other respects. .\l,i I'l/hliid luti'imi'. trailing Wax. The following formula for mak ing Lefart's liquid grafting wax was kept a secret, and sold at a high price for a long time. All who have used it, speak of it as being tlit' best preparation for covering wounds in trees, or for grafting and budding, ilia! lias ever been discovered : •' Melt one pound common ros in over a gentle fire, add 1 ounce beef tallow, and stir well; cool a little and mix with it a table spoonful spirits turpentine, and then add seven ounces of ninety live percent, alcohol. The alco hoi will cool it so rapidly that it will he necessary to put it again on the fire, stirring it constantly’, and with the utmost care, to pre vent tin* alcohol from getting in llamed. To avoid it, the best way is to remove from the lire when Ihe luin] i commences to melt, and stir anil repeat until the whole is a homogeneous mass similar to honey’. After a few days'expo sure to tin' atmosphere in a thin coat, it becomes as hard as shine, and impervious to water and air. It should he put on with a small painter's brush."—lF. /.' OUu in (>'< Jdeomph. on Trees. UIIAI'K HUT—nisi'. In tIn 1 (fiileinnati licitieultural Soeiet v, .M r. Thompson stated I hat he lets his grape vines run al ran ilmii over trees, and that he Inis great success in this plan. Now, this may lie new to ihe grape growers about.t-ineinnati, lull it has been my practice for Ihe lasi twenty-live years to let them run just where I hey like, and climb higher and higher still, if they please, and 1 always have an alum dant yield of grapes, not withsliin ding Dr. Warden's opinion lo the contrary. I must confess that 1 feel con siderably elated when I contrast my views with those on the vine clad hills around Cincinnati. Whilst on one of my vines there will he thnusands of bunches of grapes without live minutes labor in a year, those little pipe stem vines, tied to slakes, ami reqnir ing constant care, only produce a few hunches. Now for the theory. Your lit tie dwarfed and spindling vines can only have a corresponding a moil tit of roots, and consequent ly a corresponding; amount of IVuit. It is nonsense to talk of vincsov erhearing for two or three year-, and then not bear at all, unless they are cut and trimmed. Fxpe rience proves the contrary. If any one does not agree with me, he is welcome to his theories, whilst I can and do have an ibiin dance of grapes. I have used sulphur more than twenty years, and with benefit, to prevent rot. Rot is not caused by a fungus, as some suppose, but is caused by some insect puncturing t lie grapes whether lo deposit their eggs or 11 <>i. I don’t know, but pre nine it i- for that purpose, yet 1 never succeeded in finding any eggs or worms in a rotted grape. Well, says one. how do you know they have been stung by an insect ' Because I have seen the puncture and the jet of juice which oozed out. Whenever von find a grape which ha- been stung, tie a string to it for a mark, o a to find it, and watch the re tilt. Afteralon ger or shorter period, il will turn whitisli around the place where stung, ami continue to spread un til I lie whole grape is rotted. If, at any time, with a sharp knife, you cut out the black spot, the remainder of the grape will grow and ripen, thus-proving there is no defect in the vine. I pon this discovery was based the sulphur remedy for the rot, being distasteful to the insect tribe. Fumigation with sulphur in tin* evening is better than the dust, as I think the dejfffSitors work at night. I have knowledge ol ilm enemy, liud a \ cl^MßMfl i lu- "BH| rollin'.' 11 n• \ arc \.• r \ low Whether friend or know not, Iml I kill him w find him. The Value ol' ( liner. ('lover is a crop which has rath er more intrinsic value than any other product of the farm. It can he appropriated lo three very val liable purposes. First, lor past ure and hay to teed stock ; second,lo plow under to improve the land,, and t hi id. to raise seed and till l he( purse. If intended for past ure, I urn in the stock in May, or when the ground is linn, so that the cattle will not indent the ground with their feet. About that time the growth will lie enough advanced to enable the callle to thrive, and if it is tli' design to raise seed, the cattle can remain on tlu* grass till the 15th or 20th ol' June, and it will he well to have the clover cropped pretty’ close at this time, as it w ill give the second crop a more ample chance to grow and mature the seed. W hen a crop of luty is intended to he made, and the aftercrop to he left to go to seed, the grass for hay r , as a rule, should he cut some days earlier; though there J>e some disadvantage in drying Ihe hay, the loss will likely he more than made up hv tin* increase of seed, than if left standing uncut a longer lime. But if it is not tin* desire Io grow clover for seed, the first crop had belter remain standing till the clover blossoms have become partially brown. It will render into hay more readily, and there will be less danger in curing on account of the weather, and the food will Ik* relished by the stock <**| ilal ly as well, if not heller, than when cut greener and in ;i slippery stale. Of the advantage* of clover to the improvement of flit* soil, tin* half has not been said or told. In keeping up the fertility of lands, there is no crop f hat can he raised on tin* farm that is equal toelov (*r, because, if properly secured, tin* bay is I lit* best food lor slock, and for heavy soil it is the best plant that can be raised to plow under to make I Ik* ground loose ami rich. Lime and clover should go hand in band, in the ways, to ameliorate the soil, and together, with the aid of other special fer lilizers, it will go a great way to ward supplying- I In* deficiency of animal manure. (Mover, to have the best effect in improving soil, should Ik* plow ed under after most of the blos soms have become brown, as then tin* saccharine matter will not be st> abundant a-- to create (lit* sour mould when buried under the earth. But in all sfuges jof its growl It,clover I nrned under or left to rot tin the surface, i the cheap esl fertilizing' nb* lam e that ever grows. .lourtoll of (he I'llrm. A I M ini Table. To aid farmers in arriving at ac curacy in estimating tlx* amount of I mill in ilill’eren I fields under cultivation, tin* following table is given by an agrietill lira I contem porary : Live yards with* by 97s yards long contiin- one aere. Ten yards wide by -tsl yards long contains one acre. Twenty yards wide |v 2-tgvard long contains one acre. Forty yards wide by 121 yards long contains one aere. Highly yards with* by fid', yards long contains one acre. Seventy yards w ith* hv ('•> { yards long contains one acre. Two hundred and twenty feet with* by I IKS long contains 1 acre. Four hundred and forty feet wide hv 90 long contains 1 acre. One hundred and t<J hv 396 feet long con tan Sixty feet wide by 72j contains one acre. fj One hundred and jM wide by 363 long rnflG Two hundred and lorß hv 1811 feet long eonttr l ard HaiujM§§ I.\ i tanner ell hi-- oujanii lix-inJ^HI thenir^BH i \, 1 1 r * - 1 11 a- r&%J] I ruin- nl a <' ll ' \\<<il bellei li.nl. 11 i lo - <■a I I 1 1 . I !.. . m ili< w ' I'IBIBaHSEWBfBBwjH 11 < ■ "'ll -er\e .Sfl lB"h ■ ix. ad nf eat t le, lifts iniiU nr two of <-\<client Ik.in. a \ 111 I of .1 lin I', lie must ' >r< ’ : cHl|||jl^ i<l her material-. Blßii near I lie rii y imtuß bill ill"-'' Ii \ ill L'^QilsßEßE|| au.i \ < a I all VjS&i tln-ir farm-. I. for want lu haul it . for I I for less than halnH would ciis| me in a cilyfl farmers with forty head oiq| I am sorry to say, make lestr ure than otliers with but ; But I could not advise friends to follow the exaiß the farmer with the forty H My advice to all is, make your hogs work is cheaper than hog lalKg none brings a better Atas s. /‘lovfjh m an. Hearing *tock m M\kl \ll!.Khj£MjjN| Tin- 1 1< ‘si method til' ifM-k lo make them most JflH||||B blc lor the <l.ii * \ bus nijHHH[ >li <ll ed by A. 1.. Kish, ot^HHH inor, ill I In* / ’/,'ra 11l , I >i < >lllill <-11< idea advanced b.v I'ish is lli:il in order to rear cjHfl Idr ‘•llnenl milkers,” they should have sueeti lent food from then hirlh till brought into milk, which, he says, is usually at two years of age, if the animal is well raised, lie argues that, the food of a calf, when a change is made front milk, should he cooked and fed warm, or near the temperature of blood heat, because it facilitates a more perfect digestion, for which the distributing functions are in wait ing. This position, he says, is ful ly demonstrated by the fact that in tin* change from milk to grosser food the young animal shows less thrift, proportionate to increased functional labor required to tit the food for assimilation. The call adds more weight in growth from a given amount of food it takes during the lirst week than ever alter. The extraordinary size that a calf will attain at eight months old. having been supplied with alte the new milk it would luke,threß lime.- a day, compared with a caijH (Otherwise equal, except that hH food is unprepared for ready a o * imitation, shows it expedient tcfl prt-jiare the food as near as> possi ™ ble for ready distribution in the I -yslerfi. especially for a grow th i.hii for milch cows. jV A skillful breeder, he arguesM must understand adapting the vaX rious kinds of food tm .M - nt ill point-. Mi I'.il.il m Ihe ii.n.i! i • ■ i-1111■ ■'l 111 l IH 1I . 1.l I'M ■ ip..l "i <I-111 n11• I I ii ‘ n■ ■ ■ 111 • ■ <ii l \ -.ill 8 "Ml<l have the milk" at an early age, 1 hits JHH eating her from birth for cial purpose of the Ii 11. Il i- llll< I -t, " i',i ■ A-.-., I I •