Georgia Historic Newspapers

    THE FIELD AND FIRESIDE.
Vol. I.
(Thr/idi and /irrsidr.
IM’BIjISHEI) by
J. o-. CAMPBELL <ic CO.
OFFICE
IN THE OE1) PRINTING OFFICE
Building, Pfnviler S|iriti;s Sired. Mari
etta Georgia.
DAVII) itOV IN .
W. A. I*. JU I.ATCHKV. 1. li. IRWIN’.
Irwin, McClatchey & Irwin.
VI#)R\EYS AT LAW.
Will practice Blue Ridge, Route,
and < Circuits.
Marietta. March IS. 1877. ly
WM.T. WINN. Wil 1.. .1. WINN.
W. T. & W. J. WINN,
.% 11• ne v s a I Law,
MARIETTA. GEORGIA.
Mareli 13,1877. ly
J. E. MOSELY,
AHorurv at Law.
‘IITII. E attend to all I nisi tie- ■ eon (tiled
VV to him in Cohh and adjacent enmi
ties. Office —in Met'latehoy’s Build
ing, up stairs.
Marietta, March 13, 1877. (tin
E. M. ALLEN,
Kc.iilenl l)ciiti*l,
Of more than twenty years.
< H A RG ES KKASONA B I,E.
Office —North side of Public Square.
Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly
DR. 0. TENNENT,
Pi at iit in; Pliysicinii.
13F“ Office on Camille street. —Resi-
dence on Cherokee street.
Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly
DR, E. J. SETZE,
Pliysirisii ami Niii';roii,
TENDERS Ids professional sendees
in the practiee of Medicine in all
its branches to the citizens of Marietta
and snrroundingcoimtry. office at the
Drug Store of Win. Root. meli 13-1 y
R. W. GABLE,
BOOT MB fc- SHOE MAKER
AND REPAIRER.
POWDER sprint; street..
MARIETTA, GEORGIA,
Work done at very low prices, ami war
ranted. March 1, 1877.
Haley Brothers,
CHEROKEE STREET.
Dealers in
liimcEKi i:n, i*ko\tnions,
AND
LEXER \L MERCK AXDIZE.
Marietta, Oa., March lit, 1877. ly
M. R. Lyon,
rIiEKOK E E S I R E ET,
I'liiiiii uk(Hi:rii:s
And dealer in
COUNTRY PRODITE.
Marietta, March Id, 1877. lv
. T. • 1C INT,
CHEROKEE STREET,
Saddle and Harness Maker
AND REPAIRER.
Marietta, Oeo., March lil, 1877. ly
CONTRACTOR
A X D
HI ILDKK.
THE undersigned continue,- hi-busi
ness ot" Brick Making, Stone and
Brick Building, and i- prepared at any
rime to take contracts on the most reas
onable terms, and to execute them in the
most satisfactory manner.
If. B. WAT,MS.
Marietta, March Id, 1877. ly
House Building and
Repairing.
SASH, BUNDS, DOORS FINISHED
TO ORDER.
Lumber of all kinds, and at the
lowest prices, for sale.
Thankful for the liberal patronage
hitherto, the subscriber would state
that be is fully prepared to contract for
the erection of Buildings, and to exe
cute the contracts in the most satisfacto
ry manner. SHOP, south side Public
Square.
March, 1877. I.EMU El. BLACK.
L S. NORTHCTTI\
DEALER IX
i'aiirv and Mf a |>|e
DRY GOODS,
SHOES AND NOTION'S, i,-.
Young'* Old Corner.
Marietta March Id. 1877. ly
Agritulturul.
Selecf ion ol' < 01*11 I*ol* ***!.
The following rule is the expe
rience of a number of practical
cultivators. The most essential
point, first, is to start with a good
variety. .Start with the best and
purest seed that can be found.
After this, select the seed from
those stalks that have t lie most
ears, taking the best from each
stalk. That which is ripe.earliest
in the field, is to be preferred, oth
er things favorable. Those stalks
that bear their ears nearest the
ground are the best to choose from
provided the ears are all right.—
Select large fair ears, with kernels
of a bright, clear color. Choose
those ears in which the rows are
most regular and the most uni
form in size. Take also those ears
thattaper the least, having their
butts little larger than their tips.
Of several on the same stalk,those
that grow nearest the ground are
to he preferred, if they have the
other requisite point s: select such
ears as grow upon the shortest
foot stalk, those ears that are
well filled out at tlie tips, with the
grain covering the extreme end of
the cob, are much to he preferr
ed. Take the central grains from
each ear, rejecting the tips and
butts, it has been proven that
the kernels near the ends of the
cobs give a smaller yield and an
inferior grain. When ihe seed
planted was not raised in the same
vicinity, let it be from a colder,
rather than a warmer region. It
is advisable to appropriate a small
piece of ground for raising seed
corn at a distance from the main
j crop. In doing this, a warm situ
i ation, free from excessive mois
ture, with the earth well pulver
| ized and manured, is recommend
| ed. In this, the seed is to he
j planted in hills four or five feet
j apart each way, with six to eight
j grains in a hill, thinning out after
wards to one or two stalks. Plant
ing more than one intends not
! only to provide against worms
| accidents, but gives a chance for
preference or selection, and the
j greater number 1 here is to choose
: from, the greater is the chance for
| perfection in those selected.
The Limit of* Improvement
JN PLANTS ANU ANIMALS
BY Sta.KCTION.
.Most persons have heard of the
Darwinian theory as to the varia
tion of animals tinder domestica
tion, and yet but very few have
but the vaguest ideas of its char
acter and scope. This theory e
nunciated by him years ago at
traded at that time much atten
tion, and gave rise to a long and
animated controversy. By many
it was pronounced, in regard to
the conclusions which he drew
from it. extremely wild and vis
ionary, but some few of the ablest
scientists, especially of Germany,
heartily accepted and have since
endeavored, by elaborate works,
to maintain the truth of Darwin
ian hypothesis. It was easy,how
ever, to see from the first that if
Mr. Darwin wished to firmly es
tablish the position lie had assum
ed, there was much uphill work
before, him. Undeterred, howev
er, by hostile critics, lie has con
tinued to advance his favorite
views, and has published t wo good
sized volumes under the title of
•• Plants and Animals under Do
mestication.’*
The aim of Mr. Darwin is to
prove that as plants and animals,
under the care of man, have been
so modified as to produce varia
tions, breeds, and sub-breeds, of
the same species, so also in their
wild state and in the course of
time similar changes must have
occurred by natural selection,and
of the varieties which thu- arose
those be-1 suited to the condition
of life in which they were placed
continued to exist and he trails
milted. He asserts that this pow
er of modification is subject to no
limitation, but that it extends to
the production of distinct races.
'Die process by which this has
been effected, he assumes, to
have been slow and gradual.—
The man, for instance, who
first preserved a pigeon with it
ossopbagiD a little enlarged, its
beak a little longer, or its tail a
little more expanded than usual,
made the first step in the creation
MARIETTA. GEORGIA, JUNE 5. 1877.
of the Pouter, Carrier or Fan tail
Pigeon. Afterwards tile abnor
mal qualities thus existing were
transmitted to the offspring, and
thus came these part ieular breeds.
Length of time, however, is all
important for this. Each charac
ter, to become strongly distinc
tive. has to he augmented by sue
eessive variations of the same
kind, and this can only he effect
ed during a long series of gene
rations.
Length of time will also allow,
argues Mr. Darwin, any new fea
ture to become permanent by the
continual rejection of those indi
viduals which revert or vary, and
the preservation of those which
inherit the new diameter, lienee
although some lew animals have
varied rapidly in certain respects,
under new conditions of life, as
dogs in India and sheep in theW.
Indies, vet all the animals and
plants which have produced
strongly marked races were do
mesticated at an extremely re
mote epoch, often before t he dawn
of history. Asa consequence of
this no record has been preserved
of the origin of our chief domes
tic breeds. Even at the present
day new strains or breeds are form
ed so slowly that their first ap
pearance passes unnoticed. A
man attends to some particular
characteristic, or merely watches
his animals with unusual care,
and after a time a slight diller
ence is perceived by his neigh
bors. The difference goes on, be
ing augmented by unconscious or
methodical selection, until at last
anew sub-breed is formed, re
ceives a local name and spreads.
But by this time its history is al
most forgotten. When the new
breed has spread widely it gives
use to new slrains and sub-breeds.
The best of these su<*ceed and
spread, supplanting other anil old
er breeds, and so always onward
in the march of improvement.
Such is Mr. Darwin's theory, and
with great industrv he has eollec
ted an immense array of facts to
support it. These facts in them
selves and totally irrespective of
the ultimate purpose they were
collected to serve, are worthy the
attention of the farmer and breed
er. They are both curious and in
structive; are derived from a mint
her of rare sources, to most per
sons difficult of attainment, and
are apparently trustworthy.
There is. in Mr. Danvin’s vol
umes, a profound research into
the nature and condition of life of
plants and animals, the cause of
their variability, the laws which
govern these changes, such as
food and climate ; the esse lit iality
or non-essentiality of different
organs and functions, and the do
gree of change of which domestic
organisms are susceptible. No
one denies to Mr. Darwin the mot
if of a profound knowledge of the
subjects on which he has under
taken to treat, or underrates the
importance of the data he has so
laboriously collected. His tacts
relate to matters, the profit of in
vestigating which, w ill he seen tit
a glance, when we remember that
by judicious selection the English
race horse, the American trotter,
and the improved breeds of do
mestic cattle, have been prod tic
ed. Independent of tiny theory,
a knowledge of the laws tlmt gov
ern the t ransmission of particiilar
traits, or of a peculiar type of form
and structure, is of incalculable
value. In search of his data, Mr.
Darwin ranges over a wide field,
and devotes chapters to domestic
dogs and cats; horses and asses;
pigs, cattle, sheep ami goats; do
mestic rabits; domestic pigeons
and fowls; duck, goose, peacock,
turkey, guinea low!, canary bird,
and gold fish; hive bees ami silk
moths; cultivated plants, * cereal
and culinary ; fruits, ornamental
trees and (lowers; on bud varia
tions, and on certain anomalous
modes of reproduction in varia
lion; on breeding and inheritance;
crossing and hybridizing; on ste
rility and it- causes, and on se
lection.
These different subject-• tin
doubtedl v furnish food for serious
thought—Mr. Darwin establish
ing ItD propositions '<> far as re
lates to a wide variation of spe
cies. and also the manifest and
evident production, by time and
selection, of a higher type in ma
nv of our domestic animals and
plant . He also di cu e the
causes of sterility’, as well as cros
ing, hybridizing, Ac.
It is of some concern to us to
trace, even upon hypothesis, the
possible descent of our animals
either from a common ancestor,
or from some supposed interme
diate type among wild beasts, as
in the case of the dog, whose ori
gin is said to he derived from the
wolf and the jackal Mr. Darwin
endeavors to point out many of
the connect ing links, and in doing
ibis lie necessarily elucidates nia
ny facts in relation to the varia
lions, breeding and changes a
mong animals from remote ages.
W hatever may eventually he
thought-of his theory, he gives it
to flie world in such a manly sort
of way. and fortifies it with such
a multiplicity of details t hat even
those who. deny' his conclusions,
and are disposed to charge him
with iirevcranee, do not hesitate
to do justice to the great value of
his work in other respects. .\l,i
I'l/hliid luti'imi'.
trailing Wax.
The following formula for mak
ing Lefart's liquid grafting wax
was kept a secret, and sold at a
high price for a long time. All
who have used it, speak of it as
being tlit' best preparation for
covering wounds in trees, or for
grafting and budding, ilia! lias
ever been discovered :
•' Melt one pound common ros
in over a gentle fire, add 1 ounce
beef tallow, and stir well; cool a
little and mix with it a table
spoonful spirits turpentine, and
then add seven ounces of ninety
live percent, alcohol. The alco
hoi will cool it so rapidly that it
will he necessary to put it again
on the fire, stirring it constantly’,
and with the utmost care, to pre
vent tin* alcohol from getting in
llamed. To avoid it, the best way
is to remove from the lire when
Ihe luin] i commences to melt, and
stir anil repeat until the whole is
a homogeneous mass similar to
honey’. After a few days'expo
sure to tin' atmosphere in a thin
coat, it becomes as hard as shine,
and impervious to water and air.
It should he put on with a small
painter's brush."—lF. /.' OUu in
(>'< Jdeomph.
on Trees.
UIIAI'K HUT—nisi'.
In tIn 1 (fiileinnati licitieultural
Soeiet v, .M r. Thompson stated I hat
he lets his grape vines run al ran
ilmii over trees, and that he Inis
great success in this plan. Now,
this may lie new to ihe grape
growers about.t-ineinnati, lull it
has been my practice for Ihe lasi
twenty-live years to let them run
just where I hey like, and climb
higher and higher still, if they
please, and 1 always have an alum
dant yield of grapes, not withsliin
ding Dr. Warden's opinion lo the
contrary.
I must confess that 1 feel con
siderably elated when I contrast
my views with those on the vine
clad hills around Cincinnati.
Whilst on one of my vines there
will he thnusands of bunches of
grapes without live minutes labor
in a year, those little pipe stem
vines, tied to slakes, ami reqnir
ing constant care, only produce a
few hunches.
Now for the theory. Your lit
tie dwarfed and spindling vines
can only have a corresponding a
moil tit of roots, and consequent ly
a corresponding; amount of IVuit.
It is nonsense to talk of vincsov
erhearing for two or three year-,
and then not bear at all, unless
they are cut and trimmed. Fxpe
rience proves the contrary.
If any one does not agree with
me, he is welcome to his theories,
whilst I can and do have an ibiin
dance of grapes. I have used
sulphur more than twenty years,
and with benefit, to prevent rot.
Rot is not caused by a fungus, as
some suppose, but is caused by
some insect puncturing t lie grapes
whether lo deposit their eggs or
11 <>i. I don’t know, but pre nine it
i- for that purpose, yet 1 never
succeeded in finding any eggs or
worms in a rotted grape. Well,
says one. how do you know they
have been stung by an insect '
Because I have seen the puncture
and the jet of juice which oozed
out. Whenever von find a grape
which ha- been stung, tie a string
to it for a mark, o a to find it,
and watch the re tilt. Afteralon
ger or shorter period, il will turn
whitisli around the place where
stung, ami continue to spread un
til I lie whole grape is rotted. If,
at any time, with a sharp knife,
you cut out the black spot, the
remainder of the grape will grow
and ripen, thus-proving there is
no defect in the vine.
I pon this discovery was based
the sulphur remedy for the rot,
being distasteful to the insect
tribe. Fumigation with sulphur
in tin* evening is better than the
dust, as I think the dejfffSitors
work at night. I have
knowledge ol ilm enemy,
liud a \ cl^MßMfl
i lu- "BH|
rollin'.' 11 n• \ arc \.• r \
low Whether friend or
know not, Iml I kill him w
find him.
The Value ol' ( liner.
('lover is a crop which has rath
er more intrinsic value than any
other product of the farm. It can
he appropriated lo three very val
liable purposes. First, lor past ure
and hay to teed stock ; second,lo
plow under to improve the land,,
and t hi id. to raise seed and till l he(
purse.
If intended for past ure, I urn in
the stock in May, or when the
ground is linn, so that the cattle
will not indent the ground with
their feet. About that time the
growth will lie enough advanced
to enable the callle to thrive, and
if it is tli' design to raise seed, the
cattle can remain on tlu* grass till
the 15th or 20th ol' June, and it
will he well to have the clover
cropped pretty’ close at this time,
as it w ill give the second crop a
more ample chance to grow and
mature the seed.
W hen a crop of luty is intended
to he made, and the aftercrop to
he left to go to seed, the grass for
hay r , as a rule, should he cut some
days earlier; though there J>e
some disadvantage in drying Ihe
hay, the loss will likely he more
than made up hv tin* increase of
seed, than if left standing uncut
a longer lime. But if it is not
tin* desire Io grow clover for seed,
the first crop had belter remain
standing till the clover blossoms
have become partially brown. It
will render into hay more readily,
and there will be less danger in
curing on account of the weather,
and the food will Ik* relished by
the stock <**| ilal ly as well, if not
heller, than when cut greener and
in ;i slippery stale.
Of the advantage* of clover to
the improvement of flit* soil, tin*
half has not been said or told. In
keeping up the fertility of lands,
there is no crop f hat can he raised
on tin* farm that is equal toelov
(*r, because, if properly secured,
tin* bay is I lit* best food lor slock,
and for heavy soil it is the best
plant that can be raised to plow
under to make I Ik* ground loose
ami rich. Lime and clover should
go hand in band, in the ways, to
ameliorate the soil, and together,
with the aid of other special fer
lilizers, it will go a great way to
ward supplying- I In* deficiency of
animal manure.
(Mover, to have the best effect
in improving soil, should Ik* plow
ed under after most of the blos
soms have become brown, as then
tin* saccharine matter will not be
st> abundant a-- to create (lit* sour
mould when buried under the
earth. But in all sfuges jof its
growl It,clover I nrned under or left
to rot tin the surface, i the cheap
esl fertilizing' nb* lam e that ever
grows. .lourtoll of (he I'llrm.
A I M ini Table.
To aid farmers in arriving at ac
curacy in estimating tlx* amount
of I mill in ilill’eren I fields under
cultivation, tin* following table is
given by an agrietill lira I contem
porary :
Live yards with* by 97s yards
long contiin- one aere.
Ten yards wide by -tsl yards
long contains one acre.
Twenty yards wide |v 2-tgvard
long contains one acre.
Forty yards wide by 121 yards
long contains one aere.
Highly yards with* by fid', yards
long contains one acre.
Seventy yards w ith* hv ('•> { yards
long contains one acre.
Two hundred and twenty feet
with* by I IKS long contains 1 acre.
Four hundred and forty feet
wide hv 90 long contains 1 acre.
One hundred and t<J
hv 396 feet long con tan
Sixty feet wide by 72j
contains one acre. fj
One hundred and jM
wide by 363 long rnflG
Two hundred and lorß
hv 1811 feet long eonttr
l ard HaiujM§§
I.\ i tanner
ell hi-- oujanii lix-inJ^HI
thenir^BH
i \,
1 1 r
* - 1 11 a- r&%J]
I ruin- nl a <' ll '
\\<<il bellei
li.nl. 11 i lo -
<■a I I 1 1 . I !.. .
m ili< w ' I'IBIBaHSEWBfBBwjH
11 < ■
"'ll -er\e .Sfl
lB"h ■ ix.
ad nf eat t le,
lifts iniiU nr two
of <-\<client
Ik.in. a \ 111 I of .1
lin I', lie must ' >r< ’ : cHl|||jl^
i<l her material-. Blßii
near I lie rii y imtuß
bill ill"-'' Ii \ ill L'^QilsßEßE||
au.i \ < a I all VjS&i
tln-ir farm-. I. for
want lu haul it . for I
I for less than halnH
would ciis| me in a cilyfl
farmers with forty head oiq|
I am sorry to say, make lestr
ure than otliers with but ;
But I could not advise
friends to follow the exaiß
the farmer with the forty H
My advice to all is,
make your hogs work
is cheaper than hog lalKg
none brings a better
Atas s. /‘lovfjh m an.
Hearing *tock
m M\kl \ll!.Khj£MjjN|
Tin- 1 1< ‘si method til'
ifM-k lo make them most JflH||||B
blc lor the <l.ii * \ bus nijHHH[
>li <ll ed by A. 1.. Kish, ot^HHH
inor, ill I In* / ’/,'ra 11l ,
I >i < >lllill <-11< idea advanced b.v
I'ish is lli:il in order to rear cjHfl
Idr ‘•llnenl milkers,” they should
have sueeti lent food from then
hirlh till brought into milk, which,
he says, is usually at two years of
age, if the animal is well raised,
lie argues that, the food of a calf,
when a change is made front milk,
should he cooked and fed warm,
or near the temperature of blood
heat, because it facilitates a more
perfect digestion, for which the
distributing functions are in wait
ing. This position, he says, is ful
ly demonstrated by the fact that
in tin* change from milk to grosser
food the young animal shows less
thrift, proportionate to increased
functional labor required to tit the
food for assimilation. The call
adds more weight in growth from
a given amount of food it takes
during the lirst week than ever
alter. The extraordinary size that
a calf will attain at eight months
old. having been supplied with alte
the new milk it would luke,threß
lime.- a day, compared with a caijH
(Otherwise equal, except that hH
food is unprepared for ready a o *
imitation, shows it expedient tcfl
prt-jiare the food as near as> possi ™
ble for ready distribution in the I
-yslerfi. especially for a
grow th i.hii for milch cows. jV
A skillful breeder, he arguesM
must understand adapting the vaX
rious kinds of food tm .M
- nt ill point-. Mi
I'.il.il m Ihe
ii.n.i! i • ■ i-1111■
■'l 111 l IH 1I . 1.l I'M
■ ip..l "i <I-111 n11• I I
ii ‘ n■ ■ ■ 111 • ■ <ii l \ -.ill
8
"Ml<l have the
milk" at an early age, 1 hits JHH
eating her from birth for
cial purpose of the
Ii 11. Il i- llll< I -t, "
i',i ■ A-.-.,
I I •