The field and fireside. (Marietta, Ga.) 1877-18??, October 16, 1877, Image 1

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    THE FIELD AND FIRESIDE.
Vol. I.
(The;field awl furaih'.
IM BI INIIKD BY
X. <3-. CAMPBELLicCO.
OFFICE
IX I'll K 01,11 I*KIXTIX<; OFFK 'K
Building, Powder Springs Street, Mari
etta Georgia.
X>AVII> IRWIN.
W. A. I*. M'cLATCItKY. T. 11. IRWIN.
Irwin. McClatchey & Irwin,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
Will pruetiee in the Blue Bidge, Koine,
and ('oweta (’ircuits.
Marietta. March 13, 1877. lv
WXI. T. WINN. 11.1.. J. WINN.
W. T. A \,F.nV.INX,
illorni'ys at i .
M VIMKTTA. G KOKGI A.
Mareli 13,1877. ty
.1, E. .M OS ELY,
Allorney :ii l.:nv.
ii| 11.1, attend to all I nisi lies , eon tided
\\ to him in t 'olili and adjacent eon li
lies. Offick —in Met lateliey's Build
ing. up stairs.
Marietta. March 13, 1877. Out
E. Mi ALLEN,
’QiSSf?
CM' more than twenty years.
<ll A IKIES K KASOX A IM F..
Of fick— North side of Public Square.
Marietta, March 13, 1877. lv
OIL G. TENNENT.
Practicing I'hysifinii.
Otliee (.in < aijsville street. —llesi-
tlenee on Olierokee street.
Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly
OIL E. J. SETZE,
Physician ant! Kiir^eoii,
iriAKXDKKS liis professional services
1 in the practice of Medicine in all
its branches to the citizens of Marietta
and surrounding country. ' Miice at the
Drug Store of Win. Boot. inch 13 ly
R. W. GABLE,
boot m i- mmm
- AND REPAIRER.
powder spring street,
MARIETTA. GEORGIA.
Work done at very low prices, ami w ar
ranted. Mnreli 1, 1577.
Haley Brothers,
CHEROKEE STREET,
■<*
Dealers In
4iI((X'KHIKS, PROVISIONS,
AN I.
GEN' ERA T. M ERCII ANDIZE.
Marietta, On., March Id, 1N77. ly
M. H. Lyon,
( II ERO K E E ST R E ET,
i tvißitv gidmiiciiiv
.And dealer in
('GENTRY I’RODI CE.
Marietta, March 13,1577. Jy
VI. T. GRIST,
CHEROKEE STREET.
Mil anil Harness Maker
AND REPAIRER.
Alarietta, Geo.. March 13, 1877. ly
CONTRACTOR
ANT)
isi iiavcis.
riAIIK undersigned continues hishusi
-1 ness of Brick Making, Stone and
Brick Building, and is prepared at any
time to take contracts on the most reas
onable terms,and toexeentethem in the
most satisfactory' manner.
If. B. \V A I. LIS.
Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly
House Building and
Repairing.
SASH, BLINDS, DOORS EIMSIIED
TO ORDER.
Lumber of all kinds, and til the
lowest prices, for sale,
rilhankful for the lil.eral patronage
1 hitherto, the snliscrilter would state
tliat lie is fully prepared In contract for
the erection of Buildings, and to exe
cute the contracts in the most satisfacto
ry manner. SHOP, south side I’uhlh
Stpiare.
March, 1877. I.EMI EL BLACK.
L. S. NORTIICUTT,
DEALER IN
I'tum ami
DRY GOODS,
SHOES AND NOTIONS, Ac.
I ottny'n ()!</ (Jorncr.
Marietta. Marchl.'l, 1877. 1>
Agriniltutal.
Scientific Kiirming.
BV WILLIAM Ft’LLKRTON.
The necessary steps towards an
improved husbandry are: 1. To
cultivate less land. ’2. To make
that which is cultivated rich in
plant food, so that it may produce
large crops. •>. The practice of a
rigid system of rotation of crops
and mixed farming. 4. The ettl
that ion of the grasses and less
of tin* cereals, and feeding upon
the farm the most of its produets.
5. liaising clover and enriching
the land by turning under green
crops.
I believe that the faithful prac
lice of such a system of tillage
would, in ten years, increase the
value of real estate one hundred
per cent., and place the farming'
population in an independent con
dition. The advantage in small
farms can scarcely be overestima
ted. France is an eminent exam
ple of (his, and she is to day the
wonder of the world. With a
territory not equal lo one-fif
teenth of our Slates, and but lit
tie greater than Texas, she raises
nearly double the wheat produc
ed by the United States, and. be
sides supporting a population of
nearly forty millions, her exports
for 1875 exceeded our own. This
till arises out of the fact that her
farms average less than 60 acres,
and are made to produce to the
full extent of their capacity. All
observation and experience go to
show that those sections of the
country are the most prosperous
where a mixed system of farming
prevails. The farmer who finds
in his own garners that which is
needed to supply his daily wants
is far removed from the vexations
and losses attendant upon outside
purchases which so severely tax
his means. II is not unfrequent
ly the case, when he produces but
a single article for (he market,
that il commands a price which
but poorly compensates him for
his labor, while he has to pay ex
orbit ant prices for I hat which he
is compelled to purchase. This
is “selling the hide for a penny,
and buying back the tail for a
shilling, ’’ which surely is not a
profitable transaction. Mixed ag
rieulture necessarily leads to a
system of rotation of crops which
is the key lo successful farming.
That there is a vast recuperative
power in lands where a succession
of different crops is grown no one
can deny in the light of univer
sal experience. Thousands of
those who have hitherto devoted
themselves to a single production
such as cotton, tobacco or grain,
now acknowledge their error.
Successive crops of the same
character exhaust lands of the
food they require, with great ra
pidity. The aid which nature so
freely renders where crops rotate
is withheld in such a system of
cultivation, because the farmer is
violating her laws. To tight a
gainst nature is to war at fearful
odds, and il is not difficult to fore
cast the result. To work in har
mony with her, insures a compar
atively easy victory. One of the
most beautiful of Iter provisions
is that while one crop exhausts
the soil of that element which en
ters most largely into its compo
sition, by the operation of some
mysterious law, it prepares that
same soil for some other crop of
a different character. This is a
very curious and interesting pro
cess of nature, which results im
inensely to our advantage, if we
accept her aid. As an illustration
of this principle, we know that
clover does not successfully fol
low itself, all hough it leaves the
ground in the best possible con
dition for corn or wheat. One
crop therefore restores in a meas
tire what another lias taken.
By raising continuously the
same plant you interfere with this
beautiful contrivance of nature
to rebuild her wasted strength.
llow this is done, is imperfectly
understood. We do know, how
ever, that the deep rooted plants,
like clover, will pump from the
depths below, for the use of those
that grow near the surface, that
food which has been carried be
yond t Iteir reach. And not only
that, this element, when thus
brought to tlie surface, slots chem
ically upon what it finds there,
and renders oluble and available
MARIETTA, GEORGIA, OCTOBER I<, 1877.
a> plant food what before was in
ert and resisted assimilation.
Nature, t herefore, will do much
of our work for tis if we will on
ly second her efforts, and give
full scope to her beneficent laws.
It is, therefore, a question for the
farmer to determine whether he
will, by a rotation of crops, have
his soil enriched by drafts on na
ture's treasury, or draw entirely
upon his own. Ido not mean to
argue that there is nothing for the
farmer to do but follow this sys
tem of rotation to make his lands
productive. Far from it. Hut 1
do argue that he may make na
ture a coworker with him in at
taining a most desirable end.
Change is a prominent feature
in nature's economy. (Hit down
1 lie forest of hard-wood and the
pines succeed. Again, remove
the pines and the hard wood re
appears. One kind of grass suc
ceeds another and nature supplies
the seed. These changes give the
soil rest, to the end that the pro
cess of re invigoration may go on.
Day and night succeed each other,
and each performs its particular
function in promoting vegetable
life. Eternal sunshine would re
suit in eternal blight. The fall
ing dew brings with it the nitro
gen from the air to gladden vege
tation. The sun appears. Its
light and heat liberate the acids
and gasses which enter upon their
work of usefulness in preparing
a variety of vegetable food. Win
ter and summer follow each ot her.
Frost disintegrates and renders
the earth porous, opening the way
for the heat and moisture of sum
mer, so that chemical laws may
work out their beautiful results.
Thus, unceasingly, year after year
the silent agencies are at work
preparing the eartli for man's use,
that it may bring forth abundant
ly of everything which is neces
sarv for his support.
Fish Culture.
Il is not every farm that can
have* a fish pond on it, but there
are many farms that could have
them as well as not. Wherever
there is a good strong spring to
feed il. there a profitable lisli
pond can be made. Hundreds of
farms have swamps or marshes
too low to drain without great ex
pense, and fed bv springs, and
t hese could lie I timed to profitable
account by turning them into lish
ponds. We don’t mean profitable
in the way of making money, but
in saving it. The Hesh of lish is a
wholesome diet, better every way
than so much fat or measl v pork.
We know plenty of farmers who
scarcely taste lish from one year
to another. Not because they are
not fond of fish, but because they
can't get them without going
some distance after them and pay
ingagood price in the bargain.
A pond of an acre or so in extent
stocked with varieties adapted to
the place, would furnish an abuii
(lance of the very best of meat,
costing nothing to produce it ei
tlier. As to the catching, if is
only sport, and that part can be
safely delegated to the boys or
girls. We are sure, also, that
such aif institution on the farm
would prove one of its chief tit
tractions—-if your boys are inelin
ed to leave the farm. We write
from knowledge in this matter,
having in earlier days caught ma
ny a nice string” of lish in a
pond that was formerly a swamp.
During one dry August the own
er, with two of his boys,|went in
to if with plough, scraper and
shovels, and in a short time had
a pond of nearly an acre in ex
tent. This he stocked with fish
common to the sluggish streams
of the neighborhood, and procur
ed some at a distance; and for
years thereafter it proved to be
the best acre on the farm.— Ohio
runner.
Apple Culture in a Nutshell.
The following, from an essay by
Prof. Beall, of the Michigan Ag
ricttll tiral College, are valuable
suggestions for apple growers
everywhere :
A young tree should be treated
very much like von would treat a
hill of corn. Hoed crops will an
swer in a young orchard; sowed
crops will do much harm to von rig
trees. 1 think it a good plan to
keep voting trees mulched, and 1
am not sure but it is the best of
all wavs to treat large or old trees
as long as they live. Mulch pre
vents the rapid evaporation of
moisture from the soil, keeps the
surface mellow, prevents the soil
from often freezing and thawing
in winter and hee*nifnsrrt**rheat
ed in summer. Whether or not
to cultivate trees which have be
come well established, depends
upon circumstances. I have nev
er seen an apple orchard which 1
thought was injured bv too fre
quent shallow culture, but this
maybe the ease in some places,
especially in warm climates or
where the soil is deep and verv
rich. Whether to cultivate or
not can be told by the looks of the
trees. It (lit* color of the leaves
is good and the growth all tight,
and the tree bears well of tine
iruit, they are doing well enough
even if in grass. Hut if the leaves
are pale, the growth of the nnnn
al twigs much less than a foot in
length on trees sol twelve years,
and the fruit small and poor,some
thing is the matter, and they are
suffering for want of plough, liar
row or cultivator, or a heavy
mulch or coat of manure, or two
or more of these combined. The
upper twigs of trees set twelve
years ought to grow six to twelve
or more inches each year. To
judge of the condition of an ap
pie tree is much like judging of
the condition of sheep in a pas
ture. Look at the sheep and not
at the pasture. As long as the
sheep are plump and fat they are
all right.
Study, Skill!
PATIENCE ANI) ( AI’ITAI,.
We have frequently spoken of
the need for better work, for high
er culture, for enlarged yields,
and for the most economical and
skillful management. How to
reach these, is the point ; that
they are necessary is no where
disputed. We see plainly that it
is by choosing the most desirable
branch of fanning, suited lor par
tieularsoils, local ions and other
controlling circumstances, and
stirking to tjiis : study, skill, pa
tience and capita! that may be
needed. We emphasize capital,
because without this til! the rest
are unavailing. A tanner without
capital is a slave ; with it, he has
the means of utilizing till his oth
er forces, or capabilities to the
utmost. No man now can be a
farmer without sufficient capital
any more than he can In* a banker
a merchant, or a manufacturer.
A man may go on to the prairie,
or info woods, upon afresh home
stead, with very little capital,and
worry out a poor living, hut he
sells himself to the Government
for five years for this privilege,
and for that time, until he Inis tlit*
patent for his land in his pocket,
he is not a freeman, but is in its
bonds ; but to go into the bnsi
ness of farming profitably, capi
t;il is needed. When the part icu
lar branch is chosen, not from fan
ev, because this will not do, for
there are dairy farms and grain
farms, one of which will not suit
the other business ; and there are
milk farms and market farms in
the vicinity of cities,that can be
carried on no where (due, and up
on which other sorts of (arming
will fail; but the kind of farming
to be chosen must be that which
can be ffftist profitably carried on
under the circumstances and in
locality. Grain growing and mix
ed farming, including the rearing
or purchasing or feeding of live
stock, must necessarily form the
largest branch of agricultural in
dustry. As we have said, the one
can not be conducted alone, but
must be assisted by the other. It
comes then to be a most impor
taut consideration, what kinds of
animals are the most profitable to
keep, and how they are to be fed
with most profit. —American Ay
riruJtu tint.
Corn Culture.
The communication from W. F.
11. MeCJregor, lowa, in regard to
keeping a corn crop up to fifty
bushels per acre, published in last
week's report, was answered by
Dr. A. S. Heath, New York, who
said that soil for corn should be
dry, rich and well pulverized, liy
using an abundant supply of new
barn yard manure spread over the
ground and turned under a week
before planting, and adding a
handful of plaster and wood ash
e mixed, equal parts, in each hill,
W . F. 11. will obtain fifty, sixty or
more bushels per ncie, just in pro
portion to the amount of manure
applied, care bestowed in prepar
iug th(> soil and the after tillage.
Land can scarcely be too rich for
corn. It is a grass feeding plant,
taking freely from the soil tlieele
ments of wliieli il is composed;
therefore, concluded l)r. Heath,
liberality in corn culture pays a
good interest.
A member who believed in le
vel culture for corn and such pre
para lion ol the ground as to re
quirt' but little alter cultivation
said that manure is a necessity to
the corn lands in all the Eastern
States. Upon rich lands of the
West, it may not always pay, but
it is idle in old States to plant
corn without using fertilizers, lie
applies barn yard manure,guano,
bone dust,superphosphate and ev
entiling of that kind which cm be
economically obtained. For large
corn fields some light horse hoe
was advocated in place of the
hand hoe, as one man with the
former will do the work of ten
with the latter. Begin to work
tin* corn as soon as the rows show,
using a subsoil plow, two furrows
between each pair of rows, rim
ning as you safely can to the corn,
and follow with a horse hoe to
brush over the unbroken surface
and kill any remaining weeds,but
leave the surface nearly or quite
even. In two weeks repeat this
operation, keeping further from
the corn with the plow. Once .or
twice thereafter run through tin*
field with a cultivator or horse
hoe, and if any seeds remain up
root them with hand or hoe, but
do not let a plow go down three
inches below the surface after I lie
plants are a foot high. I’lant
corn “ when the leaves upon tin*
oak t.iees are as large as the ears
of th<* squirrels that sun them
selves on the branches,” was a
homely rule, handed down from
I lie aborigines, and one of < aloe,
tli<‘ mouther thought'. ,Vc> Yorl
W,>,/</.
harming on a Large Scale.
I'lie Fargo Timm , Dakolah ter
ritorv, gives .-111 account of what
is known as the Dalrymple Farin,
a tract o| 11,000 acres, situated
about twenty miles west,of Fargo,
Dakolah territory, on the line of
the Northern I'acilic Kuiiroad.
| owned by two New York men and
Oliver Dalrytnple, the u wheat
! king” of Minnesota. Twelve linn
| and red a (ires were broken in 1875
and sowed to wheat last year.
jTliisyear there are 4,000 acres in
| wheat, and a splendid crop it is
too and 3,000 acres additional
were broken this season for seed
I ing ttexl year. Mr. Dalrymple
also owns a half interest in what
j is known its the Orandin Farm, a
tract ol 40,000 acres just north of
Elm river, in Traill county, Dako
tab, 35 miles north of Fargo. The
other owners are t he ( 1 randin bro
thers, hankers of Tidionte, I'a.
On Ibis farm t here are 3,500 acres
in wheal this year, and some
3,000 acres broken for next year,
fo harvest this crop of 7,500 acres
on the two places, it requires Jg
self binding reapers, 225 horses
and mules, and 150 men. Nine
steam threshers, each with a ca
pacify ol 1,000 bushels per day,
are now at work threshing' the
grain. 111 addition to his interest
in these two immense (arms. Mr.
Dalrymple owns 2,000 acres ol
land in Gottage Grove, Mintieso
ta, near St. I’aul, 1,500 of which
is in wheat,, so that either as sole
or half owner, Mr. Dalrytnple is
interested in 0,000 acre of wheat
flu's year, which will lie increased
to 15,000 acres next year.
We may add I hat it is t he inten
lion of the owners of these two
huge farms to break on tin aver
age about 5,000 acres each year,
until the whole 51,000 acres are
brought under cultivation. This i
is the: second year of the enter !
prise, and so far the net profits
have been over ten dollars per
acre each year, for every acre
tinder cultivation.
I'liosi'ifvrK.s a Neckssitv. When
phosphates fail at the root of the
plant, grain fails at the mill; and
when, from waste at Hie mill,
phosphates fail in the ground, the
bones and teeth fail in growing |
bodies. The improvidence that
leaves excretory phosphate- lobe
washed awav to the salt sea fur
<her from the reach of life than
they w ere in the primitive rocks,
is an improvidence that prepares
an inheritance of poverty for af
ter generations; and the ruthless
ness that permits the purveyors
ol food to sift phosphates from
the food of man, does its part to
enfeeble the present
Sotrnec Monthly.
dJf Much time, paper and in?
have been expended to prove that
wheat put in with a drill was ev-t
er so much better than that sown
broadcast and covered by harrow
ing, and yet a series of experi-i
incuts extending over a term ofj
eight years, and carefuJ
ly iTindacted on the Eastern
\ I van in experimental
*" prove that the
broadcast has in every
best, and produced the best
not only of grain, but of stratfS
Penn. 77 mes.
I’icKLiNu Hkkk.— Boil four gafl
lotis water with one and <li‘i\FhaM
pounds brow n sugar or moid|H||f
I wo ounces saltpetre and nineTjS
| salt, until all are dissolved; s,Yjfl
as fast as tin* scum rises; coolgMl
brine or pickle t bus Iliads.
the meat closely in a hai
on tin 1 pickle, and keep the meat
under it by means of a weight.
I’his quantity is sufficient for an
ordinary barrel of meat, 200
I closely packed, If
In hull Whitewash.- -TulHj|
barrel and slake a bushel of jfISH
lime in it, by covering
with boiling water. Arfl|||g|@
slaked, add cold water
bring it to tin* consistency of good*
whitewash ; then dissolve in wa
ler and add one pound of white
vitriol (sulphate of zinc) and one
quart of line salt. This makes a
whitewash that sticks as good as
paint. It owes its durability
eh icily to the white vitro], which
hardens and fixes the wash.
Smut in Wheat Wkevii,.—
Make brine strong enough to float
a tresh egg, soak your seed wheat
tln-rein for six or eight hours.Hkim
nil the limiting partieles, drain iu
baskets, dry with air slaked lime
or ashes. Sow in well prepared
dry laud at any stage of the moon,
and my word for it, that seed may
I)il defiance fo smut.
It may profit, somebody to know
that pine lar distributed, gnd oc
casionally renewed, in granaries
oiid corn cribs, will both banish
and prevent weevil.—Covrior
.ton null.
Railroad Disaster.
IVI'TS V ll,l, K, I* A., Oct. 5.—A1l
excursion train from the Benny
packer reunion, near Swerksville,
yesterday, on the Bickering val
ley railroad, when near Phoenix
ville, last night, between 9 and
in o’clock, was badly wrecked by
the rains washing out the track
for sonic distance. There were a
bout two hundred persons on the
train. Up to 9.30 this morning,
dispatches show that twelve per
sons were killed, and about fifty
wounded. Owing to confusion
and excitement, it is impossible
to obtain any news of the exact
names ol the killed and wounded.
Wii.minoton, Dei,.,Oct. s.— The
accident tollie passenger train on
the Wilmington and Northern rail
mad last night was caused by the
track being washed away above
Ooatsville. The engine was up
set, and the engineer, Amos Pea
cock, filled, and the fireman bad
Iv scalded.
Fkknchtown, N. J., Oct. s. — The
persons drowned in the wreck of
the south bound Oswego and Phil
adelphia express on the Helvidere
division of the Pennsylvania rail
road last night, were the engineer
conductor and a lady passenger
whose name is unknown. There 4
may be others. The train lies in
the river some distance from the
shore, where it was washed by the
lon e of the current of
The newsboy, baggage
fireman, and several others, savedd
I heir lives by swimmingand rearljfl
ed the shore much exhausted. f
For sale at this office]!
W wmi-.u.'s IhooKAi'iiM Ai, Sketch
ok Linton Ntkimik.ns —to be had at
a reduced price. It is pronounc
ed the most readable and instruct
ing biography that has appeared
since the war. ■
No. 10.