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THE FIELD AND FIRESIDE! Vol. I. (Hit .field ,uul .fireside. i*l' RI.ISIIED BY r. <3- CiiMPBELIj is C. At Our Dollar a Your. OFFICE IX THE ()I,l> PRINTING OFFICE Buildiiicr, Vowilor Spring Street. Muri t*lta Georgia. DAVII) IKW IN . \Y. A. 11.I 1 . M CI.AIVIUA. 1. li. IHNXIN. Irwin. McClatchey & Irwin, AiToNlns at law. Will |nai tict‘ in tiif l>lindftiil“('. Killin', ami Coweta Circuits. Marietta, Mareli Kt, 1577. ly V, .\I. I. WINN. \\ 11.1.. .1. WINN. W. T. .V W. .1. WINN, Alio i* it t* % s al li :t v , MARIETTA, GEORGIA. March lit, 1877. ly .). K. MOSELY, Allonict al tta%. ■m * j I I.r. at to i ill to nil Imisines oontiiloil W to 1 1 iiii in < ..111. ami adjacent coun ties. Office —in MeClatcliey’s Build ing, up stairs. Marietta, March 13. 1877. dm E. M. ALLEN, Ki'sitlt'iil Of more than twenty years. CII AKG KS KKA SO X A 11 I. K. Oi 11< k —Xortli side of I’lil.lic Square. Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly L)JL G. TENNENT, I’racl icing l*li% sirian. Office on Cassville street. —Besi- de nee on Cherokee street. Marietta, March 13,1877. ly DR. E. .). SETZE, l*hy*icinn ami burgeon, rfIENGEIiS liis profession:! 1 services X- in tin* pl ant in* of Med ini in* in all its brunches to the citizens of Marietta and surroundii!*;nonntit. Olliee at tin* Drug Ston* of Win. Root. inch R. VV. GABLE, BOOT AND REPAIRER. rowdkk si'Bi \i. street, MARIETTA. GEORGIA, Work done at very low prices, and war ranted. March 1, 1877. Haley Brothers, ( II F.Rolv KK STREET, Dealers in GROCERIES, DIiOVISIONS, A VI. O EX Ell VI, MERCK VXDIZK. Marietta, Ga., Mai eh 13,1877. lv M. U. Lyon, C II E HO k K E ST I! E KT, FAMILY UKIHHRIEhi, And dealer in COl NTItY PRODI CK. Marietta, .March 13, 1877. ly "m. i . krist, CHEROKEE STREET, Sait aad In Maker AND REPAIRER. Marietta, Geo., March 13, 1877. ly CONTRACTOR A X I) an ii.little. riAIIK under.' igued continues his lm>i- I ness of Brick Making, Stone and Brick Building, and is prepared al any time to take contracts on the most reas onable terms, and tnexeentc them in the most satisfactory manner. 11. B. VV A 1.1, IS. Marietta, March 13. 1877. ly House* Building and Repairing. SASH. 111.IX1 >S, DOORS FINISHED TO ORDER. Lumber of all kinds, and at tlic lowest prices, for sale, rphankftd for the liberal patronage JL hitherto, tin* subscriber would state that he i- fully prepared tn contract for the erection of Buildings, and to exe cute the cimlraet- in the most -nti-l'.clo o manner. SHOP, south -ide I’uhiii Square. Vlar. 1.. 1>77. 1.1. VII el BLACK. L. S. NORTHCUTT, DEALER IX l’:iilc% and Staple DRY GOODS, SHOES AND NOTIONS, Ac. I ouny h Oltf Corner. Marietta, March 13. 177. ly Agricultural. Fruit Pulllire. ISY I. J. M. BOSS, 51. l>. As the time is near at Land to plant apple trees, a few thoughts upon the cultivation of fruits may not be thought improper. Most people love good fruit, but they do not seem to care to cultivate it. We have grown into the habit of making cotton to buy every thing', and notwithstanding that we are being fast reduced D> pov ertv by that ruinous course, yet there are but comparatively few who seem to perceive it. Now, we need not buy fruit from other States. By a proper selection of kinds, we may grow tine apples in Georgia for summer and winter use. It is true, that Northern kinds will not mature here, on account of our longer summers, but we have now some native varieties, as the Shockley, Yates, Oconee Greening, and oth ers, that bear well and keep well. And in upper Georgia there are many kinds from North Carolina, Tennessee,Virginia and Kentucky that will do well. 1 have seen the Winter Sweet (one of the best of apples) Kentucky Redstreak, and Bradford’s Best bearing, do ing well in some parts of North Georgia. Any outlie valley lands in Middle and North Georgia will bring fine apples, if planted in varieties to suit the locality, and then properly cared for. Noman need to expect that his fruit trees will, like forest trees, take care of themselves, but they must be pruned, cultivated, and the land kept rich. And the young orch ard should never be sown in oats, wheat or clover, or planted in corn, but in peas, potatoes or cot ton, so that the trees be not sha ded or robbed of the elements of nutrition. We should not only plant ap ple trees, but all other kinds of fruit trees that will grow in lids climate. Reaches grow and bear here anywhere. By selecting the grafts, instead of planting seed lings that are worthless frequent ly, we should go to the nursery, and select the best varieties for each month of the summer, from May to November. The Amsden ripens the last of May, then there are other varieties coming in regu larly on through the summer, fur lushing good fruit all through the summer. Fruit raising can be made re munerative in that way, early and late selling best, and good varie ties always sells well. 1 know there are some large peach orch ards now in Upper and Middle Georgia, but a large number of the trees have been planted from the seed, and while some of them are good fruit, yet many more are worthless for eating and drying, being only lit for hogs. Now, it would pay any man to cut down those varieties that are inferior, and plant in their stead such va rieties as will sell well in any market. Many people seem to think that any peach will do to dry, but they make a great mis take. It requires as good a peach to dry as to eat. If the flavor is inferior before it is dried, so it will be \v hen dried. Most of the oreh aids now bearing are mostly plan ted in varieties ripening in mid summer and none very early or very late. It enterprising far. mers would go to the nursery and select a few hundred trees of ve ry early varieties, with an equal number of very late varieties, he would have no trouble in selling all they could raise at a reasona ble price. Ido not know of such an orchard in this country. Who will try the experiment ? Small Farms. Those fanners who find them selves possessed of more land than they can utilize, should now he making arrangements to dispose of their surplus acres to those who are willing and aide to bring order out of chaos, to make fertile fields out of deserted plantations and uncultivated wastes. Small farms, when well tilled, make a happy and prosperous people, for the small farmer, if he possesses ordinary intelligence and ex peri ence, is always in easy circuin stances, lie cultivate every foot of his land without exhausting his accumulations He i con MARIETTA, GEORGIA, OCTOBER 23, 1877. stantlv reaching out for mere, but continues to make the best of what lie has. The owner of a large farm is crushed bv its magnitude. He cannot cultivate its entire area, and the useless acres sap his vi tality, expend his means and run him in debt. Taxes eat up his substance by slow but sure ap proaches. Scientific Farming. !$Y WILLIAM FII.I.KKTOX. There can be no rational or sue cessful rotation of crops, unless grass, including clover (and for all present purposes l shall treat clover as one of the grasses) holds a conspicuous place. The great need of Virginia to-day is grass. It is the great source of the world’s wealth. All history shows that no nation was ever agriculturally prosperous that did not make it one of its chief products. Rais ing grass necessarily involves the raising of cattle, and you can measure the prosperity of any na tion by the number of cattle with in its borders. That kind of hits bandry takes less from the soil than any other, and requires less labor to prosecute it. A practi cal Southern writer, in speaking of the high price of lands in the North as compared with those in the South, uses this favorable lan guage : *• Why this difference? Is the land in these countries better than ours? Not by nature; if it be better, it is by the difference of treatment. Is their climate bet ter than ours ? The acknovvedged superiority is on our side. Are the prices of their products any better tban ours ? ()n an average not so good. Are their taxes light er than ours? If we were com pelted to pay their tax, either at the north or in England, our land would lie at once sold for taxes. — Have they valuable crops which they can raise and which we can not raise ? There is not a farm product in either Old or NewEng land which we cannot raise in e qual perfection at the South. Is their labor cheaper than ours ? The cost of labor at the North is nearly double the cost of labor at the South. In England labor is cheaper than with us. But the difference is, perhaps, compensa ted by the poor and church rates and other excessive taxes paid by the English farmer. If, then, our climate is as good as that of the countries referred to, if our land is as good as theirs, if our pro ducts bring as good prices, if our taxes are much lighter, if we can grow all the crops that they grow, if labor is cheaper with us than it is at the North, and if difference in taxes compensates for the cheapness of labor in England, why is it that their land is so val ueable and ours so valueless ? “ We shall find the map of use to us in answering this question. If we take 1 lit* map of the United States, and put our finger upon the states or parts of states in which land sells at the highest price, we shall find that in those states or parts of states the great est attention is paid to the eulti vation of I tie grasses and forage plants, If we open the map of Europe we shall find the same rule holds good. The cheapest lands in Europe are those of Spain where little attention is paid to grasses. The value of lands rises j exactly in proportion totheatten tion which is given to them ; in England and Holland reaching sometimes, for farming purposes, , to one thousond dollars per acre. Holland is almost a continuous I meadow. This land value culmi nates in Lombardy, where irriga ted meadow lands rent for one hundred dollars per acre. With out exception, in Europe and A nieriea, where a large portion of land is in grass or forage crops, the price of land is high, reaching the figures above mentioned. On the other hand, without excep tion. w herever in either continent the grasses do not receive this at tention, landed estate i* of com paratively low value. ‘•The conclusion is irresistible that a large attention to the cnl livated grasses is essential n6t only to improved agriculture, hut also to a high value of landed es fate. If there be a flaw in this reasoning, the writer has been tin able to detect it. Fifteen year ago thi solution wa ottered of the apparently anomilous condi tion of our lands, so favored as to all the elements of agriculture and yet so ruinously low in sale able value. Time has but strength ened the conviction of its correct ness. The argument is strength ened by the consideration that extended grass culture in any country is an index of the exist erne of an improved agriculture. Where this occurs there must be large numbers of horses or mules, cattle and sheep. These produce an abundance of manege. Where there is an abundance of manure there will lie large crops; where there are large crops land will be valuable. These results follow from the grass crop as the first cause.” The abundance and superior quality of the grasses which a bound in some parts of this conn try have given rise recently to a new branch of trade, which is not without significance. Regular shipments of beef are now made to Europe from this country. The experiment has been entirely sue cessful, and it is the beginning of a permanent and profitable trade, which may be increased to any extent. The meat thus shipped, brings the highest market price, for it is equal to the best in the English markets, and farsurpases the most of it. It may he regarded as a maxim in farming that that system is most desirable which enables the farmer to produce the largest a mount in value at the least ex pense ; andat the same time keep up the fertility of the soil. The cultivation of grass and feeding cattle for the market will better enable the farmer to accomplish this than the prosecution of any other business. It does away, to a great extent, with the plough, and reduces the expenses of labor to the minimum amount. Covered ami Uncovered Manures. As the rainy season is coming on our farmefh ought, if they have not already begun, to fill their stables and barn sheds with leaves etc. for manure. VVe publish the following sensible suggestions which are appended to the expe lienee of Thomas Wood, of Dims ter county, Uenn., with covered and uncovered manure : " Some years ago 1 had a lot of sheep wintered in a building and yard fenced in with high puiliugs to keep out worthless curs. In the second story of the building, hay was kept for the sheep, and fed to them under the building, which wan open at one end some six or seven feet high, into the yard where troughs were kept for feeding grain. During the win ter, manure accumulated under the building to twelve or fifteen inches in depth, and extended, gradually tapering, to the ground out into the yard. At the edge of the building the manure was a bout twelve inches deep. In the following autumn, w hen 1 went to liaul out the manure for wheat, 1 found that immediately outside of the edge of the building, where exposed to 1 lit* weather, it had rot t**< 1 and sunk till il was only about six inches deep, whilst that imme diately under the shelter was still about a foot deep. I took a cart and oxen and drew the manure which was on the outside of the building and put if on a strip a cross the field intended for wheat, then drew out the same quantity in bulk from under 1 lit* building, and put il in like manner on an adjoining strip of same size and quality. All was sowed with the same kind of wheat and at the same time. The crop from these two lands was not measured, but every one who examined the crop before cutting decided that there was about twice the quantity on the laud manured by the covered manure. Now, as the outside manure had .-.link in bulk about half before hauling out, twice as j much would be required tofill the ! cart as of the part retaining the 'original bulk under cover, and therefore twice as much manure was, in fact, put on the strip which produced onlv about half ns much wheat.” The Philadelphia Times makes t he following -ugge t ions respect ing tin* treatment of manure when under shelter: ••To this, we would add a few word a to the importance of a proper care of the manure when under shelter. It is a 100 common practice to deposit that from the horse stables in a pile near (In* door, and where il soon heats and loses nearly all of its valuable properties. The manure from grain fed animals being richer in ammonia needs special care to prevent loss. || should lie well mixed when taken out of the sta ble with the other manure of the yard, in order that the lat ter may in part neutralize its liability to fermentation and loss. if placeiJf under a shed in alternate layers, and so disposed that il may lie trodden solid by the stock, there should be no appreciable loss of fertilizing,qualities, for decrease in bulk does not always involve a loss in manurial value.” We are confident that the far liters in our country, a large mu jorit.V of them at least, loose eu ough each season, by carelessness as to the one individual item of economy embodied in manure sa ving, to feed their entire stock of cattle. It is true that very few of our people take any interest in man ure saving. Some of them never pen their stock; others pen them only— have no shelters for them; others build their lots upon places so rolling that every shower of rain washes off to the swamp the manure which has accumulated since the last rain; others build on good, level ground, but never take up and put in pens, or under sheds, the manure as it accuniu lates. There is only one, occa sionally, who manifests anything like judgment or economy in this matter, and yet all admit that we cannot make farming a success in Georgia without fertilizing. What are you going to do? You must doom* of three things. You must continue to buy commercial fertilizers at exhorbitanl prices, and in consequence, live poor; move to a country where the land is rich enough without manure, and be subjected to ague and fe ver, with the other numerous ail ings to which all rich countries are subject ; or you must make and save manure from your stables and barn yard to fertilize your fields. The latter is the easiest and the best for you, and we ear nestly insist that you begin now, with the falling of the leaves, to fill your lots and stalls with vege table matter, and as the manure accumulates in the lots, throw in to heaps and protect them from the weather; and though you may have only a horse and a cow, you will be astonished when you come to haul out your manure in the spring, at the quantity you will have, and which will repay you for the very little labor and economy von have bestowed upon this one item of husbandry. AV dot mjr. Cultivation of Sorgho. E. A. Spiler, Oakland, Tenn., a subscriber of the Weekly Would, asked for information on I lie cul tore of sorghum. Best seed, j most suitable land, time to plant, distance apart in drill, how many stalks in the hill, proper time to strip fodder, judging from lin seed, and how long it should stand before cutting after strip ping, wore the point- special at tention was called to. The con eluding ouestion was: “Does the cane improve by being cut some time before crushing?” A member furnished the fol lowing information in reply : Sorgho, or Chinese -ugar corn, may be grown upon all soils up on which a fair crop of Indian corn can be raised, bill, of course, certain soils only produce the best results; from the experience oi many cultivators t he choice seems to be land of medium quality, be tween a black loam and a pure gravel of moderate richness. Henry Olcott’s plan of soaking the seed of the sorgho for I wenty four hours before planting lias been proven a good one. ihe -eeds deprived of the hulls will | germinate much sooner than those planted at the same time but not so treated. Alcott’s ad vice is to soak the seed in tepid water,to which a mall quantity of salt pet la? is added, say in pro portions of one ounce to >ix gal lons of water. Rreviou- to sow ing it i well to roll the eed in plaster. Do liol cover ihe seed with more than alight coverim* i of earth. Manure from cattle is be™ than that front the stable for gho, and the ploughing in of£ er and other green crops b,• li, r. Crushed canes tlfl-v j bn ii paed through the lie returned to the land'll ploughed under with advuuttl Alcoii gives preference toM| system of cultivating flat autV drills on fair soils ; his prefertfl is |lui of many successful ers. The plants being Bio lows at a suitable dijfl apart are not o\ 11 11 ■ \ are in hill-, ain I have nrenter teiidencfHlHH their seed heads. I‘lant llfl throe and a half feet apjjMrag plants in (he row twelve inches apart. TheHE required for I lie cane lo y.iHB lull developement is abontW,; months, but this will soil is suited to its season w ill also otfect it. respect I lie planter is the same ehances a> is * \alor of I lie ordinary snJHHB Rje Culture. A luriiier wrote asking ry* should In' sown, <■* < I to I lie acre, Ijllired. A lie A itieiicon Insl ii 111 eTanBf^'^X^ mewciod. that farim^o/fl devote their hull! .j w liicl i wheat, corn to bring reinimerati rye. If, however, the land is ilj sandy or gravelly, more seed wtl l>e needed than when in good heart. Rye sown late requires more seed than when sown early. If sown in September in good soil, rather less than one hushel per acre is seed enough, but later, or on poor land, as much as one and a half bushels of seed will be needed per acre. Rye is a rank feeder, and is as Misted by almost all kinds of man lire. A compost of tish pomace is excellent and is often used on the light soils of the sea coast of New England. (Jypsuni is also applied with good results in the early spring, after the grain is two or three feet high. Rye may lie sown any time af ter the lirst of September until the ground freezes, but farmers generally advocate early sowing. The ground should be well pr#- pared by ploughing and harrow ing; the seed may be sown broad cast, or it can lie drilled where seed drills are employed and ev inly covered in the ground. Rye was advised as a profitable crop for light soils. Signs of a I’rospei ous Funner. When you see his barn larger than his house, it shows that he will have large profits and small afflictions. When you see him driving his work, instead of his woikdriving him, it shows that lie will never be driven from good resolutions, and that he will certainly work Ids way to prosperity. When you always see in his wood house a sufficiency for three months or more, it shows that he will be more than a ninety days’ wonder, in farming operations, and that he is not sleeping in his house after a drunken frolic. W4ien lie has a house separate from t lie main building, purposely for ashes, and au iron or tin ves sel to transport them, it shows that lie never built bis dwelling to be a funeral pile for bis family and perhaps himself. When his w agons are housed in, summer, and his farming imple | meids covered both in winter awL summer, it plainly shows that will have a good house over hisi head in the summer of early lifej and the winters of old age. jA When his cattle are perfectly! shielded and fed in winter, it evi j deuces that he is acting ing to script lire, which says that J •• merciful man is merciful to hisi beast.” When he is seen subscribing I’m* a newspaper, and paying in ad vance, it shows that lie is speak ing like a hook respecting the la test improvements in agriculture, and that lie never gets his walk ing papers to the land ol poverty. fUj* One who recently returneiUjamo I'liiladelphia to Rome /jB that the Keet.v sis I.- of a pound of butter hut up in an iron box. No. H