Georgia Historic Newspapers

    THE FIELD AND FIRESIDE!
Vol. I.
(Hit .field ,uul .fireside.
i*l' RI.ISIIED BY
r. <3- CiiMPBELIj is C.
At Our Dollar a Your.
OFFICE
IX THE ()I,l> PRINTING OFFICE
Buildiiicr, Vowilor Spring Street. Muri
t*lta Georgia.
DAVII) IKW IN .
\Y. A. 11.I 1 . M CI.AIVIUA. 1. li. IHNXIN.
Irwin. McClatchey & Irwin,
AiToNlns at law.
Will |nai tict‘ in tiif l>lindftiil“('. Killin',
ami Coweta Circuits.
Marietta, Mareli Kt, 1577. ly
V, .\I. I. WINN. \\ 11.1.. .1. WINN.
W. T. .V W. .1. WINN,
Alio i* it t* % s al li :t v ,
MARIETTA, GEORGIA.
March lit, 1877. ly
.). K. MOSELY,
Allonict al tta%.
■m * j I I.r. at to i ill to nil Imisines oontiiloil
W to 1 1 iiii in < ..111. ami adjacent coun
ties. Office —in MeClatcliey’s Build
ing, up stairs.
Marietta, March 13. 1877. dm
E. M. ALLEN,
Ki'sitlt'iil
Of more than twenty years.
CII AKG KS KKA SO X A 11 I. K.
Oi 11< k —Xortli side of I’lil.lic Square.
Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly
L)JL G. TENNENT,
I’racl icing l*li% sirian.
Office on Cassville street. —Besi-
de nee on Cherokee street.
Marietta, March 13,1877. ly
DR. E. .). SETZE,
l*hy*icinn ami burgeon,
rfIENGEIiS liis profession:! 1 services
X- in tin* pl ant in* of Med ini in* in all
its brunches to the citizens of Marietta
and surroundii!*;nonntit. Olliee at tin*
Drug Ston* of Win. Root. inch
R. VV. GABLE,
BOOT
AND REPAIRER.
rowdkk si'Bi \i. street,
MARIETTA. GEORGIA,
Work done at very low prices, and war
ranted. March 1, 1877.
Haley Brothers,
( II F.Rolv KK STREET,
Dealers in
GROCERIES, DIiOVISIONS,
A VI.
O EX Ell VI, MERCK VXDIZK.
Marietta, Ga., Mai eh 13,1877. lv
M. U. Lyon,
C II E HO k K E ST I! E KT,
FAMILY UKIHHRIEhi,
And dealer in
COl NTItY PRODI CK.
Marietta, .March 13, 1877. ly
"m. i . krist,
CHEROKEE STREET,
Sait aad In Maker
AND REPAIRER.
Marietta, Geo., March 13, 1877. ly
CONTRACTOR
A X I)
an ii.little.
riAIIK under.' igued continues his lm>i-
I ness of Brick Making, Stone and
Brick Building, and is prepared al any
time to take contracts on the most reas
onable terms, and tnexeentc them in the
most satisfactory manner.
11. B. VV A 1.1, IS.
Marietta, March 13. 1877. ly
House* Building and
Repairing.
SASH. 111.IX1 >S, DOORS FINISHED
TO ORDER.
Lumber of all kinds, and at tlic
lowest prices, for sale,
rphankftd for the liberal patronage
JL hitherto, tin* subscriber would state
that he i- fully prepared tn contract for
the erection of Buildings, and to exe
cute the cimlraet- in the most -nti-l'.clo
o manner. SHOP, south -ide I’uhiii
Square.
Vlar. 1.. 1>77. 1.1. VII el BLACK.
L. S. NORTHCUTT,
DEALER IX
l’:iilc% and Staple
DRY GOODS,
SHOES AND NOTIONS, Ac.
I ouny h Oltf Corner.
Marietta, March 13. 177. ly
Agricultural.
Fruit Pulllire.
ISY I. J. M. BOSS, 51. l>.
As the time is near at Land to
plant apple trees, a few thoughts
upon the cultivation of fruits may
not be thought improper. Most
people love good fruit, but they
do not seem to care to cultivate
it. We have grown into the habit
of making cotton to buy every
thing', and notwithstanding that
we are being fast reduced D> pov
ertv by that ruinous course, yet
there are but comparatively few
who seem to perceive it.
Now, we need not buy fruit
from other States. By a proper
selection of kinds, we may grow
tine apples in Georgia for summer
and winter use. It is true, that
Northern kinds will not mature
here, on account of our longer
summers, but we have now some
native varieties, as the Shockley,
Yates, Oconee Greening, and oth
ers, that bear well and keep well.
And in upper Georgia there are
many kinds from North Carolina,
Tennessee,Virginia and Kentucky
that will do well. 1 have seen
the Winter Sweet (one of the best
of apples) Kentucky Redstreak,
and Bradford’s Best bearing, do
ing well in some parts of North
Georgia. Any outlie valley lands
in Middle and North Georgia will
bring fine apples, if planted in
varieties to suit the locality, and
then properly cared for. Noman
need to expect that his fruit trees
will, like forest trees, take care
of themselves, but they must be
pruned, cultivated, and the land
kept rich. And the young orch
ard should never be sown in oats,
wheat or clover, or planted in
corn, but in peas, potatoes or cot
ton, so that the trees be not sha
ded or robbed of the elements of
nutrition.
We should not only plant ap
ple trees, but all other kinds of
fruit trees that will grow in lids
climate. Reaches grow and bear
here anywhere. By selecting the
grafts, instead of planting seed
lings that are worthless frequent
ly, we should go to the nursery,
and select the best varieties for
each month of the summer, from
May to November. The Amsden
ripens the last of May, then there
are other varieties coming in regu
larly on through the summer, fur
lushing good fruit all through the
summer.
Fruit raising can be made re
munerative in that way, early and
late selling best, and good varie
ties always sells well. 1 know
there are some large peach orch
ards now in Upper and Middle
Georgia, but a large number of
the trees have been planted from
the seed, and while some of them
are good fruit, yet many more are
worthless for eating and drying,
being only lit for hogs. Now, it
would pay any man to cut down
those varieties that are inferior,
and plant in their stead such va
rieties as will sell well in any
market. Many people seem to
think that any peach will do to
dry, but they make a great mis
take. It requires as good a peach
to dry as to eat. If the flavor is
inferior before it is dried, so it will
be \v hen dried. Most of the oreh
aids now bearing are mostly plan
ted in varieties ripening in mid
summer and none very early or
very late. It enterprising far.
mers would go to the nursery and
select a few hundred trees of ve
ry early varieties, with an equal
number of very late varieties, he
would have no trouble in selling
all they could raise at a reasona
ble price. Ido not know of such
an orchard in this country. Who
will try the experiment ?
Small Farms.
Those fanners who find them
selves possessed of more land than
they can utilize, should now he
making arrangements to dispose
of their surplus acres to those
who are willing and aide to bring
order out of chaos, to make fertile
fields out of deserted plantations
and uncultivated wastes. Small
farms, when well tilled, make a
happy and prosperous people, for
the small farmer, if he possesses
ordinary intelligence and ex peri
ence, is always in easy circuin
stances, lie cultivate every foot
of his land without exhausting
his accumulations He i con
MARIETTA, GEORGIA, OCTOBER 23, 1877.
stantlv reaching out for mere, but
continues to make the best of
what lie has.
The owner of a large farm is
crushed bv its magnitude. He
cannot cultivate its entire area,
and the useless acres sap his vi
tality, expend his means and run
him in debt. Taxes eat up his
substance by slow but sure ap
proaches.
Scientific Farming.
!$Y WILLIAM FII.I.KKTOX.
There can be no rational or sue
cessful rotation of crops, unless
grass, including clover (and for
all present purposes l shall treat
clover as one of the grasses) holds
a conspicuous place. The great
need of Virginia to-day is grass.
It is the great source of the world’s
wealth. All history shows that
no nation was ever agriculturally
prosperous that did not make it
one of its chief products. Rais
ing grass necessarily involves the
raising of cattle, and you can
measure the prosperity of any na
tion by the number of cattle with
in its borders. That kind of hits
bandry takes less from the soil
than any other, and requires less
labor to prosecute it. A practi
cal Southern writer, in speaking
of the high price of lands in the
North as compared with those in
the South, uses this favorable lan
guage :
*• Why this difference? Is the
land in these countries better than
ours? Not by nature; if it be
better, it is by the difference of
treatment. Is their climate bet
ter than ours ? The acknovvedged
superiority is on our side. Are
the prices of their products any
better tban ours ? ()n an average
not so good. Are their taxes light
er than ours? If we were com
pelted to pay their tax, either at
the north or in England, our land
would lie at once sold for taxes. —
Have they valuable crops which
they can raise and which we can
not raise ? There is not a farm
product in either Old or NewEng
land which we cannot raise in e
qual perfection at the South. Is
their labor cheaper than ours ?
The cost of labor at the North is
nearly double the cost of labor at
the South. In England labor is
cheaper than with us. But the
difference is, perhaps, compensa
ted by the poor and church rates
and other excessive taxes paid by
the English farmer. If, then, our
climate is as good as that of the
countries referred to, if our land
is as good as theirs, if our pro
ducts bring as good prices, if our
taxes are much lighter, if we can
grow all the crops that they grow,
if labor is cheaper with us than it
is at the North, and if difference
in taxes compensates for the
cheapness of labor in England,
why is it that their land is so val
ueable and ours so valueless ?
“ We shall find the map of use
to us in answering this question.
If we take 1 lit* map of the United
States, and put our finger upon
the states or parts of states in
which land sells at the highest
price, we shall find that in those
states or parts of states the great
est attention is paid to the eulti
vation of I tie grasses and forage
plants, If we open the map of
Europe we shall find the same
rule holds good. The cheapest
lands in Europe are those of Spain
where little attention is paid to
grasses. The value of lands rises j
exactly in proportion totheatten
tion which is given to them ; in
England and Holland reaching
sometimes, for farming purposes, ,
to one thousond dollars per acre.
Holland is almost a continuous I
meadow. This land value culmi
nates in Lombardy, where irriga
ted meadow lands rent for one
hundred dollars per acre. With
out exception, in Europe and A
nieriea, where a large portion of
land is in grass or forage crops,
the price of land is high, reaching
the figures above mentioned. On
the other hand, without excep
tion. w herever in either continent
the grasses do not receive this at
tention, landed estate i* of com
paratively low value.
‘•The conclusion is irresistible
that a large attention to the cnl
livated grasses is essential n6t
only to improved agriculture, hut
also to a high value of landed es
fate. If there be a flaw in this
reasoning, the writer has been tin
able to detect it. Fifteen year
ago thi solution wa ottered of
the apparently anomilous condi
tion of our lands, so favored as to
all the elements of agriculture
and yet so ruinously low in sale
able value. Time has but strength
ened the conviction of its correct
ness. The argument is strength
ened by the consideration that
extended grass culture in any
country is an index of the exist
erne of an improved agriculture.
Where this occurs there must be
large numbers of horses or mules,
cattle and sheep. These produce
an abundance of manege. Where
there is an abundance of manure
there will lie large crops; where
there are large crops land will be
valuable. These results follow
from the grass crop as the first
cause.”
The abundance and superior
quality of the grasses which a
bound in some parts of this conn
try have given rise recently to a
new branch of trade, which is not
without significance. Regular
shipments of beef are now made
to Europe from this country. The
experiment has been entirely sue
cessful, and it is the beginning of
a permanent and profitable trade,
which may be increased to any
extent. The meat thus shipped,
brings the highest market price,
for it is equal to the best in the
English markets, and farsurpases
the most of it.
It may he regarded as a maxim
in farming that that system is
most desirable which enables the
farmer to produce the largest a
mount in value at the least ex
pense ; andat the same time keep
up the fertility of the soil. The
cultivation of grass and feeding
cattle for the market will better
enable the farmer to accomplish
this than the prosecution of any
other business. It does away, to
a great extent, with the plough,
and reduces the expenses of labor
to the minimum amount.
Covered ami Uncovered Manures.
As the rainy season is coming
on our farmefh ought, if they have
not already begun, to fill their
stables and barn sheds with leaves
etc. for manure. VVe publish the
following sensible suggestions
which are appended to the expe
lienee of Thomas Wood, of Dims
ter county, Uenn., with covered
and uncovered manure :
" Some years ago 1 had a lot of
sheep wintered in a building and
yard fenced in with high puiliugs
to keep out worthless curs. In
the second story of the building,
hay was kept for the sheep, and
fed to them under the building,
which wan open at one end some
six or seven feet high, into the
yard where troughs were kept for
feeding grain. During the win
ter, manure accumulated under
the building to twelve or fifteen
inches in depth, and extended,
gradually tapering, to the ground
out into the yard. At the edge of
the building the manure was a
bout twelve inches deep. In the
following autumn, w hen 1 went to
liaul out the manure for wheat, 1
found that immediately outside of
the edge of the building, where
exposed to 1 lit* weather, it had rot
t**< 1 and sunk till il was only about
six inches deep, whilst that imme
diately under the shelter was still
about a foot deep. I took a cart
and oxen and drew the manure
which was on the outside of the
building and put if on a strip a
cross the field intended for wheat,
then drew out the same quantity
in bulk from under 1 lit* building,
and put il in like manner on an
adjoining strip of same size and
quality. All was sowed with the
same kind of wheat and at the
same time. The crop from these
two lands was not measured, but
every one who examined the crop
before cutting decided that there
was about twice the quantity on
the laud manured by the covered
manure. Now, as the outside
manure had .-.link in bulk about
half before hauling out, twice as
j much would be required tofill the
! cart as of the part retaining the
'original bulk under cover, and
therefore twice as much manure
was, in fact, put on the strip which
produced onlv about half ns much
wheat.”
The Philadelphia Times makes
t he following -ugge t ions respect
ing tin* treatment of manure
when under shelter:
••To this, we would add a few
word a to the importance of a
proper care of the manure when
under shelter. It is a 100 common
practice to deposit that from the
horse stables in a pile near (In*
door, and where il soon heats and
loses nearly all of its valuable
properties. The manure from
grain fed animals being richer in
ammonia needs special care to
prevent loss. || should lie well
mixed when taken out of the sta
ble with the other manure of the
yard, in order that the lat ter may
in part neutralize its liability to
fermentation and loss. if placeiJf
under a shed in alternate layers,
and so disposed that il may lie
trodden solid by the stock, there
should be no appreciable loss of
fertilizing,qualities, for decrease
in bulk does not always involve a
loss in manurial value.”
We are confident that the far
liters in our country, a large mu
jorit.V of them at least, loose eu
ough each season, by carelessness
as to the one individual item of
economy embodied in manure sa
ving, to feed their entire stock of
cattle.
It is true that very few of our
people take any interest in man
ure saving. Some of them never
pen their stock; others pen them
only— have no shelters for them;
others build their lots upon places
so rolling that every shower of
rain washes off to the swamp the
manure which has accumulated
since the last rain; others build
on good, level ground, but never
take up and put in pens, or under
sheds, the manure as it accuniu
lates. There is only one, occa
sionally, who manifests anything
like judgment or economy in this
matter, and yet all admit that we
cannot make farming a success in
Georgia without fertilizing.
What are you going to do? You
must doom* of three things. You
must continue to buy commercial
fertilizers at exhorbitanl prices,
and in consequence, live poor;
move to a country where the land
is rich enough without manure,
and be subjected to ague and fe
ver, with the other numerous ail
ings to which all rich countries are
subject ; or you must make and
save manure from your stables
and barn yard to fertilize your
fields. The latter is the easiest
and the best for you, and we ear
nestly insist that you begin now,
with the falling of the leaves, to
fill your lots and stalls with vege
table matter, and as the manure
accumulates in the lots, throw in
to heaps and protect them from
the weather; and though you
may have only a horse and a cow,
you will be astonished when you
come to haul out your manure in
the spring, at the quantity you
will have, and which will repay
you for the very little labor and
economy von have bestowed upon
this one item of husbandry. AV
dot mjr.
Cultivation of Sorgho.
E. A. Spiler, Oakland, Tenn., a
subscriber of the Weekly Would,
asked for information on I lie cul
tore of sorghum. Best seed, j
most suitable land, time to plant,
distance apart in drill, how many
stalks in the hill, proper time to
strip fodder, judging from lin
seed, and how long it should
stand before cutting after strip
ping, wore the point- special at
tention was called to. The con
eluding ouestion was: “Does the
cane improve by being cut some
time before crushing?”
A member furnished the fol
lowing information in reply :
Sorgho, or Chinese -ugar corn,
may be grown upon all soils up
on which a fair crop of Indian
corn can be raised, bill, of course,
certain soils only produce the best
results; from the experience oi
many cultivators t he choice seems
to be land of medium quality, be
tween a black loam and a pure
gravel of moderate richness.
Henry Olcott’s plan of soaking
the seed of the sorgho for I wenty
four hours before planting lias
been proven a good one. ihe
-eeds deprived of the hulls will
| germinate much sooner than
those planted at the same time
but not so treated. Alcott’s ad
vice is to soak the seed in tepid
water,to which a mall quantity
of salt pet la? is added, say in pro
portions of one ounce to >ix gal
lons of water. Rreviou- to sow
ing it i well to roll the eed in
plaster. Do liol cover ihe seed
with more than alight coverim*
i of earth.
Manure from cattle is be™
than that front the stable for
gho, and the ploughing in of£
er and other green crops
b,• li, r. Crushed canes tlfl-v j
bn ii paed through the
lie returned to the land'll
ploughed under with advuuttl
Alcoii gives preference toM|
system of cultivating flat autV
drills on fair soils ; his prefertfl
is |lui of many successful
ers. The plants being
Bio lows at a suitable dijfl
apart are not o\
11 11 ■ \ are in hill-, ain I
have nrenter teiidencfHlHH
their seed heads. I‘lant llfl
throe and a half feet apjjMrag
plants in (he row
twelve inches apart. TheHE
required for I lie cane lo y.iHB
lull developement is abontW,;
months, but this will
soil is suited to its
season w ill also otfect it.
respect I lie planter is
the same ehances a> is *
\alor of I lie ordinary snJHHB
Rje Culture.
A luriiier wrote asking
ry* should In' sown,
<■* < I to I lie acre,
Ijllired. A lie
A itieiicon Insl ii 111 eTanBf^'^X^
mewciod. that farim^o/fl
devote their hull! .j
w liicl i wheat, corn
to bring reinimerati
rye. If, however, the land is ilj
sandy or gravelly, more seed wtl
l>e needed than when in good
heart. Rye sown late requires
more seed than when sown early.
If sown in September in good soil,
rather less than one hushel per
acre is seed enough, but later, or
on poor land, as much as one and
a half bushels of seed will be
needed per acre.
Rye is a rank feeder, and is as
Misted by almost all kinds of man
lire. A compost of tish pomace
is excellent and is often used on
the light soils of the sea coast of
New England. (Jypsuni is also
applied with good results in the
early spring, after the grain is two
or three feet high.
Rye may lie sown any time af
ter the lirst of September until
the ground freezes, but farmers
generally advocate early sowing.
The ground should be well pr#-
pared by ploughing and harrow
ing; the seed may be sown broad
cast, or it can lie drilled where
seed drills are employed and ev
inly covered in the ground. Rye
was advised as a profitable crop
for light soils.
Signs of a I’rospei ous Funner.
When you see his barn larger
than his house, it shows that he
will have large profits and small
afflictions.
When you see him driving his
work, instead of his woikdriving
him, it shows that lie will never
be driven from good resolutions,
and that he will certainly work
Ids way to prosperity.
When you always see in his
wood house a sufficiency for three
months or more, it shows that he
will be more than a ninety days’
wonder, in farming operations,
and that he is not sleeping in his
house after a drunken frolic.
W4ien lie has a house separate
from t lie main building, purposely
for ashes, and au iron or tin ves
sel to transport them, it shows
that lie never built bis dwelling
to be a funeral pile for bis family
and perhaps himself.
When his w agons are housed in,
summer, and his farming imple |
meids covered both in winter awL
summer, it plainly shows that
will have a good house over hisi
head in the summer of early lifej
and the winters of old age. jA
When his cattle are perfectly!
shielded and fed in winter, it evi j
deuces that he is acting
ing to script lire, which says that J
•• merciful man is merciful to hisi
beast.”
When he is seen subscribing I’m*
a newspaper, and paying in ad
vance, it shows that lie is speak
ing like a hook respecting the la
test improvements in agriculture,
and that lie never gets his walk
ing papers to the land ol poverty.
fUj*
One who recently returneiUjamo
I'liiladelphia to Rome /jB
that the Keet.v
sis I.- of a pound of
butter hut up in an iron box.
No. H