The field and fireside. (Marietta, Ga.) 1877-18??, October 30, 1877, Image 1

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    THE FIELD AND FIRESMS
Vol. I.
(The/icld anil /ivroitlr.
Ft 'HUSHED BY
J. Or. <Se CO.
At Owe ltollar a Year.
OFFICE
IN Till’. 01.1) FHIXTIXc OFKK K
Building, Powder Springs Street, Mnfi
eri a Georgia.
DAVID IRWIN.
W. A. I*. T. It. IRWIN.
Irwin. IGcClafchey & Irwin.
ATTORNEYS # LAW.
Will practice in tlie Blue Kitlge, Home,
ami ( oweta Circuits.
Marietta, Maivli 13, 1577. ly
IVM, l. WINN. Mil l . .1. WINN.
W. T. & W..). WINN,
.4 11 o•ii* v*:i I I. :i ,
M ARIKTTA, OKOItOI A.
Mareli l.‘{, 1577. ly
J. E. MOSTLY,
Attorney ill Law.
ITT 11,1, atteml to all liiisinep j eoiillileil
VV to him in Cobb and ad jacent enmi
ties. Ol'l H li —ill Me< 'latelieyßu'lld
iiie, up stairs.
.Marietta, March 13, 1577. (till
E M. ALLEN,
Krsidciil /hlfiiSg.—* DeHtistt,
u -frYYT*
til - more than twenty years.
CII A H G F.S 1! E A SOX A 81. K .
Oniric —North side of Public Square.
Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly
DR. G. TENNENT,
l k i‘:tH icing IMiysu-ian.
Ofliee on Cassville street. —Ilesi-
denee on Cherokee street.
Marietta Mart'll 13,1877. ly
DR. E. J. SETZE,
rh>sit i.in and Surgeon,
rpKX PF.KS his |>i ol'essional services
in the practice of Medicine in all
its branches to the pifizeus of Marietta
and surrounding;coui\try. Olliee at the
Drug' Store of Win. Boot. inch 171—1 y
R. W. GABLE.
BOOT m SUM MUM
AND REPAIRER.
POWDER SBKIXCr STREET.
MARIETTA, GEORGIA,
>Voi a k done of very low prices, ami war
ranted. Mareli 1, 1577.
Haley Brothers,
CIIF.BOKEE STHKKT.
Dealers in
OKOCKItIMS, PROVISIONS,
,\N*n
UF.XKHA I. MKRt IIANDIZF.
Marietta, Ga., March 13,1877. ly
M. 11. Lyon,
CM Kit OK KK STHKKT,
I I VI IL4 in l(0( i:it I l>.
And dealer in
< iiI'XTHY I’RODl'i E.
Marietta, March 13,1877. ly
11. T. 4aISI.ST,
CHEROKEE STHKKT,
Saddle and Harness Maker
AND REPAIRER.
Marietta, Geo., March 13, 1877. ly
CONTRACTOR
AND
111 IMIIKIS/ •
rpHK nndrrsijrned continues his busi
-1 ness of Brick Making, SI (mm* ilinl
Brick Building, and is |>re|>ared at any
time to take contract* nil llm* most reas-
Olialdt* terms, and tocxeeilte them in the
most siitisltietnrv manner.
11. B. W A1.1.15.
Marietta Man-h Id. 187** * • ly
House Building and
Repairing.
BASII, BI.IXDS. In inits FINISHED
to oitnKjt.
Lumber til' all kinds, and at 1 lit*
lowest prices, for sale,
rphankful for tin* liberal
X. hitherto, tin* -nh-criher u mild -tale
that he is fully |M*ejmred to contract for
the erection of Buildings, and to exe
cute ilu* eontr.aets in tin* most satisl'actn
l t in* liner. SIIOI*. south -ide I’nldic
Sijnare.
.March, 1X77. I.EMI EJ. BLACK.
j-i -) I 1 * *1 | - ♦ | —*
L. s. Soirrnci’TT;
DK.VLKi; IN
I'aiict tiiicl
DRY GOODS,
SHOKS AM) NOTIONS Ac.
youngs Ohi Corner.
Marietta. Mf.relit3, 1877. ly
Agricultural.
Fertilize!*.
BY t. J. 51. GOSS. M. I).
The city is crowded with wagons
bringing cotton to market al ten
cents per pound to pay for small
quantities of chemicals with some
twenty bushels of muck or dirt to
the ton, which sells for some sixty
live to seventy dollars per ton. —
What a vast expense to this coun
try ' Hundreds of thousands of
dollars paid out in this town, and
all other railroad towns in the
South, for dirt, with a small per
cent, of chemicals. Why is this *
Why not buy the bone phosphate,
ammonia, plaster, soda and pot
ash, for these are the chemicals
to form the best fertilizers, and
mix them with the dirt in your
lot or on a door; then you will
have a far richer fertilizer than
you generally get in market.
Now, here is a receipt that will
make a rich fertilizer; one that
1 have tried, and seen tried by
many others, viz: To 20 bushels
of dirt; in a dry state, add 40 lbs,
of nitrate of soda, 60 lbs. of su!
pliate of ammonia (or nitrate),
3 bushels of waste salt, one bar
rel land plaster, and 20 lbs. of ni
trate of potash (or one barrel of
ashes) —mix well together with
hoe or rake. Tintil pulverized.
The above will form a fine fer
tilizer for wheat, corn, oats, tur
nips, or cotton. On ordinary land,
that is land not run down, two
hundred pounds will answer on an
acre. The chemicals need not
cost over twenty or twenty-five
dollars per ton. Thus there will
be saved from thirty to forty del
lars per ton. Now, let any one
estimate the quantity sold in this
market, and see the amount lost,
clear, for* the dirt that is sold in
the fertilizers purchased in this
city.
I do not oppose the use of fer
tilizers. but the great imposition
of some of the manufactured ar
ticle. We cannot do well without
some chemical fertilizers, until
we begin to make more manure
at home.
As long as men add lime and
ashes to their stable manure, and
thus evaporate all the ammonia,
they will have to buy chemical
fertilizers, but 1 insist on the pur
chase of the chemicals to be
mixed at home, and thus save
two-thirds of the actual cost; and
then too farmers will get a better
article than they are buying.
Make all the barn yard and sta
ble manure you can, and use it,
with land plaster, to itself, not
with crude lime. The lime or
potash (crude) evaporates the
ammonia.
Scientific Farming.
HY WILLIAM FI LLKRTON.
Clover is called and properly
so “the sheet anchor of American
husbandary." Too much cannot
he said in its praise. It is capa
| hie of doing more to bring impov
| erished lands to a high state of
cultivation with less expense than
any other agency. And just in
proportion as the farmer cult!
vales this plant will he he reliev
| ed from the necessity of pnrchas
ling commercial fertilizers to en
rich his land. While there is no
system of cultivating which will
enable the farmer to keep up the
fertility of his land without re
sorting to such agencies, yet the
use of clover will go very far to
wards accomplishing it. A writ
er in one of the prominent farm
journals in speaking of clover
says:
A few pounds ot diminutive
seed furnish machinery to absorb
| from the atmosphere and pump
lout of the earth the elements of
fertility needed to replace what
our wasteful and improvident
predecessors have expended. 1
j solemnly believe that in the be
nign providence of (Jod, clover is
to he the Moses which is to delis'
* er .Southern agriculturist from the
bondage of poverty and debt by
restoring our wasted and worn in
heritance to its original fertility.
This language is not too strong.
Clover does for the land what no
other plant can. Il is the glean
er of old, it gathers up and makes
useful what is lost. Nitrogen in
the form of nitric acid, one of the
most important and expensive
element which enter into the
growth of our crops, descends by
MARIETTA, GEORGIA, OCTOBER 30, 1877.
the action of rains so far into the
soil as to lie beyond the reach of
ordinary plants. The roots of
the clovei plant are so many mes
sengers to bring it back to the
surface again. The coral insect
does not more effect (tally extract
from tlie waters oftne sea the ma
ferial which enables it to con
struct the wrecking reef than
does the clover plant seek out
and garner plantfood from earth
and air for man's use. And then
as if to indicate what great ofliee
it was designed to perform in the
economy of nature, viz : to pre
pare the way for other life, it re
fuses to consume this ingathered
nutriment, hut dies and leaves it
for the nourishment of succeed
ing crops. It is this fact that has
led the farmers to say that their
land, where clover had grown in
great luxuriance but refused to
grow longer, was clover sick. In
other words, it had performed its
function, accomplished the great
object of its life, and then, like
the silk worm, died.
'There is nothing truer in nature
than that the clover plant, while
drawing largely upon the rich
ness of the soil for its own sus
tenance, leaves the earth far
richer in plant-food than it found
it. And this marvellous feat is
by a skill peculiarly its own, for
the wit of man has never accom
plished it. Science lias for years
be lM i engaged in trying todiscov
er some inexpensive method bv
which the nitrogen of the air
could he forced into combination
with other substance so as to be
used in cultivating the earth. It
has never been accomplished.
That it will be 1 do not don Id, for
he would be a hold man who
would set a limit to man's discov
cries. He who is successful in
this field of experience will be
the worlds benefactor, for lie will
have bestowed upon it a priceless
boon. But what man lias failed
to do the clover plant is constant
ly accomplishing. In your fields
where it is grown.this great help
meet is silently hut successfully
toiling for your good. Earth and
air yield alike to its influence and
surrender their riches to its solic
itations, If then clover is the
Moses to lead you out of the wil
derness (and 1 agree with the
writer from whom 1 have quoted
this language) I beg of you to let
the figure drop there, and do not
let it be forty years in accomplish
ing it. The promised land can he
reached in a much shorter period.
Risgah will rise up at your bid
ding, the waters will divide at
your approach, and you can pass
over from leanness to plenty. Clo
ver will do for you what miracles
did for Moses. Yea, it will do
more. It will cancel notes, pay
mortgages,extinguish obligations
and bring abundance where there
is now want.
Clover, Corn ami Hogs.
The experience of a Wisconsin
farmer in bringing up his land af
ter a gradual decrease in the yield
of the crops is taken from the
Wisconsin agricultural repent:
To remedy matters he began to
feed stock—cattle, sheep and
hogs. He fed all the grain and
coarse feed of the farm, besides
buying some corn. But with all
this feeding he did not get man
lire enough to keep the land up to
a productive standard.
His next experiment was with
clover, and the result lias more
than equalled his most sanguine
expectations. In the spring of
1809 he sowed twenty acres to
clover, sowing it with oats, put
ting ten pounds to the acre. Af
ter the grain was cut the clover
made a remarkable growth;—it
beaded nicely and much of lin
seed matured sufficiently to grow.
On the 15th October following he
began to turn the clover under; it
took good teams and good ploughs
to go through it.
The next spring he planted to
corn and harv led ixly bushels
per acre. The next spring he
ploughed the ground and sowed
to Tips brought the seed
ploughed under in 1809 to the sur
face. The result was he had the
ground nicely set to clover again.
The oat crop was very tine. I’he
next -eason he cut two bouncing
crops of bay,then ploughed the
ground in the fall.
The two following years. Is7B
- lie produced large crop- ol
corn. In 1875 he sowed to oats,
and again seeded to clover, sow
ing ten pounds of seed per acre,
raising a heavy crop of oats and
a good stand of clover. In 1876
he cut a heavy crop of hay tlie*
latter part of dune, also secured
four bushels of seed to the acre
later in the season.
Last spring he planted corn. It
came up quick and grew from the
word “go," producing as nearly as
could be estimated about eigldy
two bushels per acre.
This fanner says that in regard
to ploughing mider green clover
lor a fertilizer, he prefers to pas
j tore it off with hogs, lie thinks
the benefit to the land is as great
or greater, and you will get paid
for the clover. Besides, he would
prefer to pasture the same land,
when possible, two years in sue
cession. “If you want to dear
your land of weeds sow clover,
and sow it thick. If you want to
grow big corn crops, grow clover,
and pasture olf with hogs. Plough
up the land in the fall, and the
corn crops following will make
you happy. If you want to make
rich farms and plenty of money,
grow clover, corn and hogs."
The statistics given in the re
port of the hogs fattened during
the several years of the experi
ment just related, was of interest,
and showed a rich return in pork,
with effectual dressing of the land
with hog manure.
How to Manage a Small Farm.
A New Jersey farmer wrote
that he hadfoundout howto raise
two or three crops on a small
piece of land every year, and
thereby get very large returns
from a diminutive farm. The se
cret of his success is plenty of
rich manure, and the rotation as
follows; After the rye is out a
erop of beets can he sown; after
the oats, corn; after the cutting
of the first, corn millet; and after
the cutting of later corn, rye for
the next Spring can be sown, ami
thus the land will he occupied all
the time and constant ly growing
richer. YVhen there is enough
land to admit of it, he advised
raising a crop of small grain on
the land'manured and seed it with
clover, to be cut for the hogs in
May of the following year, anti
then plough and put in corn for
late feeding.
Regarding hog manure, the
New Jersey farmer said that only
those who hail tried it knew the
amount of green food that can be
procured from an acre of land
dressed with the manure of thirty
or forty hogs. The result with
him lias been astonishing.
I’aciflc Coast Farmers.
More than seven-eighths of the
settled land in California isdevo
ted to grazing purposes or the
cultivation of wheat. The cattle
and slice]) ranches are held in
large blocks of several thousand
acres, the largest being the San
Joaquin cattle ranche of Lux A
Miller, covering 400,000 aers one
the San Joaquin river. In addi
tion to this immense estate, Lux
iV Millerown 800,000 acres in olh
er counties, making 700,000 acres
in all. They began their Califor
uia career as butchers, and still
they carry on the business, com
hined with stock raising on alien
urinous scale. They have at the
present time more than 100,000
head of cattle, besides immense
herds of sheep and horses, and
! are said to he worth $20,000,000.
They are buyers and not sellers of
land, saying that they have not
enough for their herds. They are
plain, industrious Germans, and
thorough business men, liberal to
their employees, and more popu
lur than other large land owners.
Below the managers and over
seers, the laborers employed on
I their ranches are native Califor
nians, a class of men who under
! stand the management ot cattle
hetter than Americans or Euro
peans. But little Yankee or Chi
nese labor is employed, The
i sheep ranches, ranging from 1.000
to 100.000 acres, also employ na
live Californians almost exclu
sively as herdsmen and shearers.
Tin* largest wheat farmer in the
State is Hr. Glenn, of Cplusi
county, north ol Sacramento, lie
-old hi last year’s wheat crop/or
over SOOO,OOO. ami will receive a
j much or more this year. Hi
farms are constantly being im
pro\ ed by fencing, I In* erect ion ot
good permanent buildings, etc.,
and his stock of farming maehin
cry is extensive and complete.
Avery ditlerenl system pre ,
vails on the small farms of 1,000
acres, more or less. The buildings
are usually of the commonest and
cheapest kind; wooden shanties
ol three or lour rooms each, tin
sealed, unpainled and uncarpet
ed; rough wooden stables, thro'
which the wind blows as it listelh,
pig styes and pumps. Theaocoin
mpdutiouK are nut decent, much
less attractive or comfortable.—
Destitute of trees, shrubbery uni
gardens, these houses have twr
look of temporary huts rather
than permanent homes, and can
inspire no home feeling or attach
ment to the soil. The proprietors,
though often well to-do men, re
ceiving several thousands of did
lars every year from their wheat
crops, live in a rude, squallid man
uer, and apparently have no am
hit ion in life except to increase
their holdings of land, which is
mortgaged as soon as it is bought
to pay ftir more land. No matter
how prosperous they may he,they
are always up to their ears in
debt, and have no money to spare
to build themselves decent lion
ses. Many of these moil have no
farming machinery and imple
ments, and let their plowing, har
vesting and t hreshing out by eon
tract. The wheat is threshed in
the field as it is cut, the grain be
ing put into sacks and carted oil'
to the nearest railroad or river
store-house, whence it is shipped
to Ban Francisco.
litis system of farming is car
ried on tlirqiigliout the great San
Joaquin valley (where one may
ride for a hundred miles without
seeing a decent house Or barn)
and feu many other parts of the
State. The only seasons when la
bor is needed on such farms, are
seed time and harvest ; at the lat
ter season flic demand in prodne
live years is urgent. The labor
ers are treated with a single eye
to getting from them the largest
possible amount of work for the
smallest possible wages. Every
man is required to bring his own
blankets, arid find a bed on a soft
spot out of doors, as no sheltered
sleeping place is provided. When
the harvest is over the men are
I turned adrift to shift as best they
’can, and as they find little to do,
in the country or the towns, they
I are too often forced to become
tramps and vagabonds, wandering
over the State, a burden to them
selves and their fellow men, and
| always railing af “Chinese cheap
labor" as the prime cause of their
troubles. Many of this class arc
good men when they conn* into
I lie State, hut they become dis
eouraged and demoralized,and no
wonder. A steady farm hand has
little or no chance to find regular
employment the year through, as
in the Eastern States. There is
no winter's work to he done, no
barn to In* tilled with hay or grain,
no winter threshing, no horses or
cattle to he housed or cared for,
no farm buildings, roads or fences
to repair, no fertilizers to look af
ter. The farming industry of the
Stale is cursed with grasping land
owners and nomadic labor. Of
the lasi there is too little at bar.
vest and too much at other sea
sons So long as tin* present sys
tem of farming is the rule, it is
better for white labor to keejPa
way, and for Chinese labor to
; come. The Chinaman's harvest
wages go farther and last longer
than tin* white man’s, and If they
are exhausted before he can find
other employment. Ids Chinese
company must take care of him ;
lie does not become a burden up
on the people of the towns. It
the present system continues, it
must end in the farming lands ol
tin- State falling into the hands of
a lew proprietors employing ser
vile Chinese labor not a desira
ble consummation, hut inevitable
unless it i- checked by the im mi -
elation of families with money
and muscles, able and willing to
own mall farm and do their own
Work. -( V/7 //nfnm Corr. A. ) ml
Sum.
Fall Houghing.
When land is ploughed in the
, fall and left till spring without
harrowing, it may he -own to any
grain after being well harrowed,
and the crops in most eases will
he as good as if the land were
ploughed in the spring. Stable
dung, when ploughed under in the
fall for a spring crop, will lnS|
beneficial as when ploughed S||
der in the spring ; hut all kimnH
common fertilizers should he sjM
broadcast in the spring undHgigg
rowed in. unless one sujjjiHH
" ith a drill that dcpositsVßHS
veis the fertilizers at
time. I fit were not for
hurry that farmers are
in mir short springs, it wotiHH
be of any advanbury to plß|§S
light, loamy fall AH
consequence Tinot
M tine, in many eases, to
the land in I in- spring oiiuMHpH
to cultivate, it is dccidiujS|S|||i
a bi<‘ in -mm- eases
the fall, espeein !I y WPlill||lli||l
which are greatly btmetitjf||§f||
being thrown up to
the frosts o| winter.
that field in the
100 wet to plough when (■HER
should go in; and such SB||j
ploughed in the fall.
Cud fulldll lull to
"| 'ring, and the erop " " 11 1 Bf||f§|§§
tei for the fall I'loiiglib^HgSS
Finning the TiwMH
The peaeli is remarkable fa
tree growth of its new shoifl
ter se\ ere priming, and is 1W
i u red by
t!i"i 111 \,
Mull
I' el- 'll' I ' •' y'l
lale II! tie- 111
Ms I It boil
that lew jflr' - i^
up I rnm the ImdsToeTow^^^B
a those spi-HUIs would not hoK^i
ly i<> ripen their wood and
he winter killed. Neither wttHl
we advise cutting off large
at this time of year. In all su*
eases it should be remembered
that cutting away or stripping otl
leaves before growth has ceased]
or nearly so, has a tendency J
check it, more or less,
to f he amount of ft diage
ami the vigorous or feelde
lion of the tree. Young
pitl growers, on rich and well cnl
iivated soil, will better hear pru,
oing at this time than older and
feebler growers, If much prujj
ing is to he done, or the trees jfl
moderate in vigor, wait till tjMffl
m-xi; jtiing. fW////•// GY/C/vBjH
IVepaiing Broom Com |
FOJt MARKET.
Notwithstanding the fact Him
the price is governed b> the color
of the brush, and that exposure
injures the color, some farmers
still cure their corn in the most
careless manner, liven for home
use the brush should he cured un
der cover, as exposure renders it
brittle, and leaves it. without that
toughness and elasticity which we
look for in a good broom. All
that is required is a roof to cover
it and a free circulation ol air.
Assorting the brush is a matter
of importance, as with most other
products, when good and had are
mixed indiscriminately, t In* whole
will sell for only the price of the
Lad. Hence tin* poor and crook
ed brush should be separated and
kept distinct until it is haled for
market. While the best growers
agree in doing this, they do not
agree as to when if, the best time
lor doing it. Some do the assort
ing when the brush is delivered
at the scrapers, while others tind
it more advantageous to cull it
before it is removed from the ta
hies. A man goes along in ad
valu eof the wagons and places
the poor and crooked brush by it
self, and both the straight aiuL
••rooked are stacked separately
the wagon and kept apart in ufl
future operations. ,1
/ Irn // u rittf. .. I an
lmr.
Since the cattle
its appearance in Olevel^^^ju-ra
cow -
The general" theory G I liuai^rJM
I
ci /inmiinic.ticil in ii,it
I-', ft \;i I'-i i I,il.cn l A -l
-1 an i- til i-n-i |, df u IMHBV
pa-liireil in the country f'WWWBf
M . I- ,mlral asserts that
bind i mine tain thaM^Dß
land in it - immediate
linod. I ’im- hnc-t- atlrai
nc .i I un- lii in n! lici tore i
land :1 1 -• * retain-- ill their fIH
die- more than halt ol I hfll|l||
which tall on them.
'i ci 'uni ii slPvr
111 t ap?'- 1 '’'
No. 14