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THE FIELD AND FIRESIDE. Vol. I. <Thc (field and preside. PUBLISHED BY J. Or. <Se CO. At Om* Dollar a Year. OFFICE IN' THE OLD PRINTING OFF IDE Building, Powder Springs Street, Mari etta Georgia. DAVID IRWIN. W. A. 1\ MX’I.ATCHRY. T. li. IRWIX. Irwin, McClatchey & Irwin, ATTORNEYS AT LAW. Will practice in the Blue Ridge, Rome, Circuits. Marietta, warm 13, 1577. ly vvm. t. wixx. 'jO II-1-. J. " INN. W. T. & W. J. WINN, AI tor liev * a I Law, MARI ETTA. GK<)RGI A. March 13,1877. ly W. R. POWER, Attorney at Law, w MARIETTA, UA. "TTylld, practice in the Courts of Cobh Vt and adjacent counties. Collect ing a specialty. Office with Judge A. xfsimpson, northwest corner of Public Square. L v J. E. MOSELY, Attorney at Law. WILT, attend toall husinesconfided to him in Cobh and adjacent coun ties. Office —in MeClatehey’s Build ing, up stairs. Marietta, March 13. 1877. Om E. M. ALLEN, Resident Dentist, Of more than twenty years. <' u A P.O E S P. E AHO N ABT, B■ — Office —North side of Public Square. Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly Dll. G. TENNENT, Practicing Physician. Office on Cassville street. —Resi- dence on Cherokee street. Marietta, March 13,1877. ly DR. E. J. SETZE, Physician and Nnrgcon, TENDERS his professional services in the practice of Medicine in all its branches to the citizens of Marietta and surroundingcountry. Office at the Drug Store of Wm. Root. inch 13-ly R. W. GABLE. HOOT AM) If- SHOEMAKER AND REPAIRER. POWDER SPRING STREET. MARIETTA, GEORGIA, Work done at very low prices, and war ranted. March 1, 1877. Haley Brothers, <’!l EROKEE STREET. Dealers in <; ROUE KIES, PROVISIONS, AND GENERAL MERCHANDIZE. Marietta,Ga., March 13,1877. ly M. R. Lyon, C li ERO KEE S I R EE TANARUS, PA WILY lrom:rii>, And dealer in COUN TRY PRODUCE. Marietta, March 13,1877. ly M. T. RIST, CHEROKEE STREET. Sale and Harness Maker AND REPAIRER. Marietta, Geo., March 13, 1877. ly House Building and Repairing. SASII. BLINDS, DOORS FINISHED TO ORDER. Lumber of all kinds, and at the lowest prices, lor sale. riAhankful for the liberal patronage .JL hitherto, the subscriber w mild state that tie is fully prepared to contract for Hie erection of Buildings, and to exe cute the contracts in tin* most satisfacto ry manner. SHOP, south side Pitiili, Square. March, 1877. LEMUEL BLACK. CONTRACTOR AND Kl 11. DU It rplIE undersigned continues his husi- I ness of Brick Milking. Stone and Brick Building, and is prepared at any time to take contracts on the most reas onable terms, and to execute them in the must satijtfaclorv manner. 11. B. W U. 1.15. Marietta. March 13, 1577. ly Agricultural. Do They ? Do our farmers patronize news papers and agricultural journals, to the extent they should ? Such reading will refine and elevate their taste; increase the attrac tions of their homes; are resour ces for pleasure and mental im provement in hours and days of leasure; and assist in advancing their occupation and condition to its proper dignity. Not True to Georgia. Innumerable lamentations are heard through the country over the desolation of our farms. Are to blame ? Who among us is trying to induce immigration within our borders, or are seeking to enchain our sons to the soil of their nativity, instead of letting them emigrate to Texas ? Who is endeavoring to attract capital to come among us and assist in building up our waste plaees ? To day, if true to ourselves and our grand old commonwealth, many should be at work, clearing forests, draining swamps, remov ing stones, setting orchards, fill ing up vallies, making crooked places straight, and rough places smooth, webbing the land with good roads,erecting school houses and comfortable residences, and thus cultivate, improve and adorn Georgia to the highest attainable perfection. A Happy Life. To the young of our cities and towns who have good health, a few hundred dollars, a disposition to labor, anu are willing to sub mit to privations, we would say, what pleasanter or more useful occupation can you engage in than farming, an occupation, too, that will insure real independence Buy you a small farm, have your fields and meadows, garden and orchard, mares and colts, cows and pigs, keep bees, for their man agement unites pleasure and pro fit. Cultivate grapes, for they pay. Banish rural wants and learn the master secret of self possession, and be aware that eve ry position in life has advantages anil trials. Let such a one assure himself that if an independent farmer cannot be happy, no man can. Let him magnify his calling, respect himself, envy no one, and raise to the author of all good, constant aspirations of thankful ness, as he eats the bread of peace and privacy. Cultivate the Earth. Young man, if you have any capital to invest, go to farming. It will bring a reasonable compe tence, and the satisfaction of con science, and at the same time pre sent the widest room for the cul tivation of t he domestic affections and the delicious pleasures of this true philosophy of life. We do not encourage any extravagant expectations,or represent agricul ture as likely, under the best cir cumstances, to yield enormous profits. Expectations of that character are vain and baseless, when applied to any of the busi ness of life. Large fortunes are sometimes suddenly and unex pectedly made, but we must not be deluded by extraordinary ex amples. Trade partakes much more of change than agriculture. But we mean to say that the cap ital may often be invested in ag ricultural improvements so as to meet all reasonable expectations of profit, and when the secret of such investments is considered, they will he justified by the soun dest discretion. ninths. For the information of your many readers who are farmers, 1 will state that I have this year raised some of the “cluifas" spo ken of in your paper some time ago, and find they are well adapt ed to our climate. They yield quite a large number to the one seed planted in a hill. 1 counted on one bush, from one seed, 418 nuts and seeds. This was almost an average hunch. The land is of only medium quality where they were produced, hut the nuts were much larger and of a better quality thaw those brought from southern Alabama. Hogs are very foml of them, a well as mv elf. I think thev benefitted some MARIETTA, GEORGIA, DECEMBER 4, 1877. pigs very much that were sick with the late hog disease. The tops are very crisp and rich.— Horses are very fond of it while green, and if they come the sec ond year after being scattered by the hogs, I think they will make a very rich pasture for almost any kind of stock. They are destined sooner or later to be grown and appreciated by all farmers. I will gather several bushels of them before I give them up to my hogs. A. J. IT., of Clinton. Tenn.. in Courier-Journal. Encouraging run CULTIVATION OF COKN. With the view of producing a spirit of rivalry between the corn raisers of Floyd county, we, the undersigned, agree to pay five dollars in gold, which payment will constitute the subscriber one of a club of ten or more members, with the understanding that each member have the privilege of farming one acre of land in corn, in any manner he may see proper. The money to be paid into the hands of some selected by a majority of the .subscribers to the fund on or before the first day of May, 1878. They will also se lect two disinterested and quali tied persons, whose duty it shall be to attend to measuring the land, and ascertain the amount of corn, by weight, raised on each acre contesting. When the mea suring committee have completed all the measuring, they shall give the party producing the largest crop a certificate to that effect, which certificate shall be consid ered a draft on the treasurer for all the money in his hand, after ait expenses are paid for measur ing the corn and land. Any one can enter more than one acre by paying five dollars on each acre. There shall be no appeal from the verdict of the measuring commit tee. Should it occur that two or more should tie on the largest crop, then the money must be di vided equally. All acres must lie in a square or rectangle, as the subscriber may elect. The forogoing was handed us by Mr. F. Pence, who says it embo dies the ideas of a number of gen tlemen throughout the county, who are desirous of giving move attention to the growth of corn. We hail this as a step in the right direction, and we would respect fully suggest that each gentleman entering into t he agreement shall keep a record of the manner in which he fertilizes his land,plants and cultivates the corn, and also of the rainfall upon it, and all oth er matters of interest to the in telligent farmer. Among the gentlemen who have agreed to enter into this contest, we remember the names of Thos. Berry, F. Pence, Jno. W. Turner, Calvin Montgomery, and J. 11. Camp. This proposition is open to eve ry farmer in Floyd county, and we hope to see a large purse made up at an early day, so that work may be begtn at once. “ What we know about farming” inclines us to the notion that to make a big crop of corn next year it will he necessary to commence fertil izing and otherwise preparing the land this fall or in the early win ter.-—Rome Courier. Cuiing Hams. The principal thing in curing hams is to get them just salt en ongli to keep, and not so salt as to injure the flavor and cause them to become hard. The best plan of curing is as follows : When the hams are nicely trim med, ml* each one with tolerably fine salt, and pack in tight casks holding about one hundred and forty gallons. Make a sweet pic kle by using one and a half gal lons of New Orleans molasses or its equivalent in sugar, and six ounces of powdered saltpetre to forty gallons of water, with salt enough added to make the pickle float a potatoe when it is made. Let it stand until the scum rises and is skimmed off. Have the hams in the cask weighted down so they will not rise when covered with the pickle. They should re main in the pickle from five to six weeks, according to the tempera tnre of the place, If exposed to freezing weather, they will cure much slower than in a cellar.— Some persons take their hams out once or twice and stir the brine; this is a good plan when one can spare the time, as by long stand ing it grows weaker towards the top. When the hams are finally taken out rinse them in clear wa ter and hang up to dry ready for the smoke house. Smoke them with hickory wood. Hogs weighing about two hun dred and fifty pounds when dress ed, are the best size ’for family use. They should be as near uni form weight as possible in each cask, as larger hams require more time in pickle. Canvassing has little or nothing to do with the ham's flavor; it is only necessary as a protection from insects, and should be done in all cases before the weather is warm enough for their appear ance. Soon after smoking wrap each ham in coarse brown paper, and sew it up in cotton cloth cut to suit the size of the ham, or tie up in a cotton bag that may be used the next year. The canvass ed lmns of the West are sewed up closely, showing the shape of the ham, and dipped in a wash made of lime and water, colored with yellow oere. When hung up they soon dry, and the wash closes the interstices of the muslin, the whole forming a perfect protec tion against flies, bugs, Ac. For the farmer’s use, the bags are quite safe if made of firm, thick muslin, and tied securely. In regard to the fine flavor of Western hams, much is due to climate, food and breed of hogs. Hams taken from thrifty, well fed hogs of improved breeds will be of better flavor than those from the half-wild hogs of native breed and partly fattened in the woods ; lint proper curing and treatment is indispensable in any case. Manures. BY W. R. MC’IVOR. On tracing agricultural history down to the earliest times, we find that the material most exten sively employed for maintaining and increasing the fertility of the soil has been the mixture of urine and solid excrements of domestic animals with the various kinds of straw used as litter, known as farm-yard manure, or shortly as “dung." In a speech at an agri cultural meeting held at Ilolk ham in Lancashire, England, Lord Erskine, in referring to farm yard manure, said: “ If we only con sider the subject of manures, we shall perceive one of the most striking bounties and benefits of the Divine wisdom with which we are blessed in a thousand ways without knowing it. This very substance—the refuse of every thing—had it been useless, must have accumulated in heaps intol erably noisome and perpetually pestilential; but it is every man’s interest to remove these other wise increasing mount ains of filth, and by decomposing them in cer tain ways, concealed in a great measure from our sight, it gives increase to our fields and adds to the means of industry and t he re wards of the husbandman." The study of such a subject as “ dung” is by means repulsive. It illustrates in a most beautiful manner the natural adaptation of means to ends. It shows that na ture will know no waste. What the animal world throws off as useless, and in some cases as poi sonous, may he shown to consti tute the very soul of vegetable life. The dung of animals consists of that part of their food which goes through the intestinal canal with out being assimilated; the urine containing that portion which has undergone assimilation, and is a gain excreted in consequence of the changes which are going on in the t issues of the animal. Urine may be defined as a somewhat di lute solution of certain salts (those of potash and soda princi pally), and organic substances (known to chemists as urea, uric, and hippuric acids. A<-.), which latter are for the most part rich in that important constituent of all general measures—nitrogen. If a small quantity of urine be evap orated down to perfect, dryness, and the residue obtained heated to redness in the air for a few min utes, the organic matters above referred to will have burned a wav, and the incombustible ash remaining will represent the salts or mineral portion of the urine. Human urine being rich in nitro gen ami ''/•‘j sary constituent of a ral manure, has a much agricultural value than any other kind of urine. The nitrogenous, or nitrogen, containing organic matters of ur ine, are very prone to decomposi tion, and soon undergo fermenta tion or putrefaction, when their nitrogen is almost wholley con verted into that most valuable yet expensive friend of the farmer— ammonia. Freshly excreted ur ine contians no ammonia, but standing exposed to air for a sluw lime fermentation commence with the result indicated. TH ready fermentability of urine e!B ercises a most beneficial influence on the contents of the dung-heap. When placed in the soil, or expos ed to climatic influences, ordinary clean straw decomposes only ve ry slowly, and if it were used as a manure it would be some con siderable time before its different constituents would be wholly a vailable as plant food. It is in hastening the decompo sition of litter that putrifying ur ine is so valuable in the heap.— The urine acts on the straw as a ferment, and soon converts its constituents from an, agricult u • rally speaking, inactive state into soluble food for plants. From this, it is obvious that the ripen ing or rottening of “ lung dung'’ may be greatly accelerated by pouring urine on it. It has been practically proved that a farm yard manure will lie the more ra pid in its action on crops the more thoroughly the litter is soaked in urine and the more completely the straw has been decomposed or rotted. The ‘‘forced” effect pro ducedbn land by putrid urine or liquid manure is mainly due to (he quantity of ammonia present in it. Dung is poor in the ash con stituents of urine, hut is richer in other mineral matters required by plants. It contains much more phosphoric acid, a compound of great importance to most crops, and more especially to gramina ceous plants—as wheat, barley and oats. Horse dung has a very loose texture and admits air more readily, and therefore ferments sooner than the cold, wet manure of the cow. Cow-dung is poorer in nitrogen than horse manure under ordinary circumstances,and in drying does not crumble down like the latter, but forms a hard “ cheesy’’ mass, into which air cannot easily penetrat e,and which cannot be distributed so uniform ly over the land as horse (lung.— The latter, however, contains too little water to furnish a good ma nure, and unless mixed with the wet excrements of the cow or ot li er animals, must be occasionally moistened with water to prevent the ammonia produced by decom position from being lost by pass ing into the air. I)r. Voeleker has recommended to moisten ma nure heaps wit h water, acidulated with sulphuric acid (ordinary oil of vitriol) to prevent the escape of ammonia. This proposal has been adopted by some farmers, who speak highly of the result. For my own part, however, I do not think that any great advan tage can follow the use of acid, for the, reason that it does not wholly prevent the loss of ammo ilia. Dr.'l’hos. Anderson lias also expressed hisdonlds as to the util ity of acidulated water for moist ening dung-heaps. On compar ing the quantities of nitrogen pro sent in m ine and dung, a marked difference is found to exist. Ac cording to the noted agricultural chemist, Houssingault, the urine of the horse in its natural state contains three times as much ni trogen as its dung, t hat of t In* cow containing twice as much a* it' dung. Milk and rimming. A curious feature brought out by experiments with milk i- that the mixed milk of two breeds of cows will not produce as much butter as will the same milk cliur ned separately. Ihe reason given is that tin* butter globules of the milk vary in size, and that in the churn the larger globules are bro ken first, and then in mixed milk are overehtirned while the smal ler ones are being broken, and in this way the quality of the but ter is impaired if not seriously damaged. This theory carried out may also by said, if correct, !r,,, l uc w h;tl arc ealWß^ •• Imttor cows," from the stipervßjfl! quality of their milk for pose of butter-making. There no doubt but that their noted periorilv is on account of yvr luiiler globules in tluJff ■U 'll a! ai^^K I: hat arc J la! at I h i I i'|| I A ! I 1 t'M i' real I \ hut the result adviseii ini \i ug of mil on more through in vcs|^HHHH| the- 1 ca-j^l^^^ahi t il li -^eifffWpß| and tfl farmer will have to of thi- business. vV\| la,inin c, the a I>. 1 >. h each ciiw will mill, oi ..n<■ h where 11 " • a i_n jJg JP w I ’ J 1 iaC rill J M : ndSKjigfl - Tg § y 1 1M ta a ; difficulty will cows of a yard are ol™ nnifntßll|ig milking qualit \. . F,t r mrrs 11-nWEmi Journal. B Beautify your Hornet*. c As this is the time of year to < set out shrubs,flowers,evergreens, and other plants, giving beauty j and taste to the home, we would * advise all to take an interest at once in this matter, for it is aston ishing to see the lack of taste a round many of the village and farm houses, and their owners seem to think that it is money thrown away to beautify their houses ; Imt let them offer their ! their places for sale,and then they; will, realize the difference be. t ween a house without paint, or with one coat in a lifetime, witJi no blinds, no pleasant dooryard, no fruit, trees, no beds of flowers, no climbing vines up the porches, no garden worthy of the name, no snug, well painted out houses, no nicely gravelled walks ; but in their places we often find a dwel ling out of repair, out houses in a state of decay, fences in poor condition,and the general appear ance of the place repugnant to our feelings. We see the old sign Li This place for sal*!” hanging On an old tree, with barely a leaf upon it. Here it has hung for many years, and there it will con j tinne to hang, probably till the owner goes into his grave. No body wants to buy such a forlorn looking “home;" and people in : search of a country place pass on till they see another sign: ‘‘This place for sale !** and here they i find order, taste and neatness pre vailing—a beautiful cottage, or other style of house,out buildings in perfect repair, fences neat and in good order, shade trees ahund ant, fruit trees loaded with pears, | apples, peaches, plums, cherries, ! etc. In the well-planned garden j t hey find an abundance of straw berries, raspberries, gooseberries, currents,quinces and grapes; and (lie place suits them and they pur J chase it. Now, this place cost but | a lit tie more t han the one they passed, in regard to its adorn incuts. Wliat was done to beau tify it was done by degrees, and the expense was never fell as a mouiiting t<> much, and so it a! 4 ways is with people who coitt monce to lay out their tIn 1 right manner. wfl lii the general presentment thei grand jury ol Marion county use ; the following cheerful I language We arc jleii>e<l to learn of tin*.- large lumber of i in migrants whiojaj have lately come to our eoiinrP(| ami we are glail to sav that nun people are always ready to tend a hearty welcome to .all godH 'Cttler' without ::;i. ~ 1 ;".i . 4