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Vol. I. <Thf .field ami fireside. PL'BUSHED BY 3*. G-. o*: CO. At One Dollar a Year. OFFICE IN TIIE OLD PRINTING OI’I'K I'. Building, Powder Spring St reet, Mari etta Georgia. i • DAVID lIIWIXV . a. I*, u’ci.atchey. i. a. iti\l;i\. Irwin, McClatchey &. Irwin, ATTORNEYS AT LAW. Will practice Ridge. Itoiiie, #|d onvcfa (firciiits. , March 13, 1877. Iv iwanr, wixn. PttH.t.. wixx. W. T. & W. J. WINN, : at taw , MARIETTA, GEORGIA. March 13,1877. .iOfc >.V - W. R. POWKR, Attorney at Law, MARIETTA, GA. Y\ mill adjacent counties. Collcet iugu specialty. , Ofitee witD.liulge A. N Tsimpsoti, northwest corner of l’nlilic Square. *>’ .1. E. MOS ELY, Attorney^at Law. -IWTII.I. attend toall husiucs • eontided Wto him in ('(diji ami adjacent comi ties. Office —in Mel latclicy "s Build ing, up stairs. Marietta, March 13, 1877. hin E. M. ALLEN, Roe-id (‘lit llcntisl, i ii more than t \venty j ears. OH A lift ES RE A SON A 81. E . Office —North side of I’nldic Sipiarc. Marietta, March 13,1877. *. v Dll. G. TEN NEXT, Practicing Physician. £3gT Office on Cassvillc >treet. —Resi- dence on Cherokee street. Marietta. March 13, 1877. l.v DR. E. J. SEIZE, Physician and *ii%eoin, rnESDKRS his professional ";rvlee< 1 in the practice of Medicine in all its branches to the citizen- ot Marietta and surrounding country. Office at the Drug Store of Win. Root. inch 13-ly R. W. GABLE. BOOT \m 1- SHOE MAKER AND REPAIRER. row I)Kit Sl’R ING STREET, MARIETTA, mm. Work done at very low prices, ami war ranted. Mart’ll 1, 1577. Haley Brothers, CHEROKEE STREET. Dealers in GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, AN J> GEXKRAI. >IERCII AM HZE. Marietta, Ga., March 13, 1877. ly M. R. Lyon, CHEROKEESTRKET, FAIILY GROIERIIN, Ami dealer in COUNTRY PRODUCE. Marietta, March 13,1877. ly 1. T. GRIST, CHEROKEE S'I’REKT, Sale and Harness Maker AND REPAIRER. Marietta, Geo., March 13, 1H77. ly House Building and Repairing. SASH. BLINDS, DOORS FINISHED TO ORDER. Lumber of all kinds, and tit the lowest prices, for sale. Thankful for the liberal patronage hitherto, the subscriber would state that he is fully prepared to contract for the erection of Buildings, and to exe cute the contracts in the most satisfacto ry manner. SHOP, south side Publii Sou a re. March, 1877. LEMUEL BLACK. CONTRACTOR AND BIILDKK. THE undersigned continues his busi ness of Brick Making, Stone ami Brick Building, and is prepared at any time to take contracts on the most reas onable terms, and tocxecute them in the most satisfactory manner. H. B. WALLIS. Marietta. Mareli 1-3. 1*77. ly THE FIELD AND,- ETKEiHffi, Agricultural. Apple Culture. The first thing to do is to care fully select a suitable site for. an orchard. G. W. Putnam, in the 117m.v/,t Farm Jonrnah .slit s that planting trees in valleys on southwestern slopes of land,where the trees are exposed to the tierce rays of the summer stun, exposed to the heat of the winter sun by day and the sharp and severe frost bv night, has been a source of in jury to the trees which lots eon tributed its share towards their destruction. The orchard is one of the most permanent improve ments on the place, and. Pence it should be ou tlie best‘s location that the farm presents. Ify ideal of an orchard site is higltreason ably dry arable land,with mftural drainage, clay soil and subsoil, underlaid with lime rock, inclin ing-slightly to east, northeast,and protected on the north and west by a timber belt. If you have not a location combining all these, get as near it as you can, always remembering that the timber belts can be supplied by planting rapid-growing trees, a double row of Lombardy poplars, planted six feet apart each way, with a -tow of evergreens inside, or next to the orchard, will make asi ample protect ion in a few years.- Where land is generally level I think it best to.plan*on the highest, or rolling portions, but whemlandis much broken by ridges and valiys I think it verv important to plant the orchard on or near the top ot the highest or main ridge-, if you would have healthy and product ive trees. By planting on high land we secure a more even tem perature, both for summer and winter; less thawing and freezing in winter, less scorching sun in summer. We can thus obviate in a great degree the injurious cf lects of our unfavorable climate. Ncverplanl an orchard on a steep southwestern declivity, and never plant anything blit the Siberian and Russian varieties in deep valleys if you expect to get good pay for time and money expended. Alter making the proper selec tion of the orchard site, the next tiling to be considered is the pro per preparation of the soil. It should l>e continually borne in mind that the orchard is to be a permanent appendage to a farm, and that thorough preparation of soil is necessary before planting an orchard. It can be done bet ter before the trees are planted, and it it is thoroughly done, less culture will be necessary to se cure the vigorous and the healthy growth which is necessary. It the land has been under cultiva tion for a series of years, and the soil is exhausted hv repeated crops, a liberal amount of well rotted or composted (not unfer mented) manure should be appli ed; but if the land is compara tively new the manure may beo mitted, (lie laud ploughed thor oughly and as often as possible, if subsoiled, all the better. If ma mire is applied the land should he ploughed in the fall previous to planting; in either case it would be beneficial. As early in the spring as the land is in condition to work it should be ploughed, tin* soil pulverized and putin the best tilth for a crop of corn. The orchard site should then he platt ed off’ into rows each way for the sake of convenience in future cul ture; care in this part of the work will pay. I put the trees not over sixteen feet apart, if standard va rieties; if of Siberian or .Crab varieties, twelve feel is sufficient. When your site lias been chosen, and the necessary fall prepara tions made, you have then to de termine the varieties you wish to plant, and make the necessarv selection and purchase. This is a subject of much importance, as your success in limit is largely dependent outlie varieties and qualities of the trees you plant. If there are any orchards in your neighborhood, examine into them, and. it possible, ascertain those hardy and productive, if there are any. It you cannot ob tain the necessary information by this means, obtain it from some reliable man who has had actual and successful experience in limit culture, and who is competent to give you the necessary instrue tion. Having detenu in<jUi£ MARIETTA. GEORGIA. 1 &HSL. rieliesgvou wish to plant, g<> to the nearest reliable nnrserv, and select sound, healthy trees. If you purchase 'three or f%u’ year old trees, select <ueh as have well formed heads or are property branched, and carefully avoiding those that have sharp or bad forks. If there is qp suitable nun-yrv near you.order only from siurh qs you have good reason to suppose will till your bill with perfectly sound t rees ; j\ ithout any substitu ting. Having yo unround prepared, votaßreea. selected and in your orchard I'tlat, examine tlie roots an%'C;i¥efully cut off or trim till broken of briiised root -. Have an excavation for the trees ol'/stilii cient size to receive the roots iq tlieir natural condition, without being cramped or crowded tpgetli or ; the roots having ,been we or puddled should be placed ip Jin si tion and covered witft, fine otrrfli or soil, so that all sp<We% are pr% perly tilled, and pressed down to retain the trees in proper prt'sitioiH When the work is done, the tree? should stand two to four incites deeper than in the nursery,, with a slight mound around tin; trunk. 11 is important that a tree should be planted as.early in the spring as possible, so that it may secure an early, growth, and be thus bet ter able to withstand the midsum mer drought and also properly mature the growth of wood for winter. Do not neglect to place a good mulch around vour trees as soon as planted, exwuding as far a round as the roots are likely to extend the first year, say three feet on either side, 'litis shouljL be continued until I he tree is Wjjp established. The mulch acts ujpt retainer of moisture, tin equaijapr of temperature, and is n very lm port ant aid in helping our trees to withstand the various changes and rigors of our climate. It i-, important that the young t ree should start in its new sphere with a vigorous and healthy growth; hence it is well for a young oreh ard that the ground should be carefully cultivated. Some hoed crops, such as beans, potatoes or corn, if not planted too close to the tree, may be grown without any injury, and the orchard will then be more apt to receive the proper attention. When an oreh ard has become established,which will be in four to six years, 1 think it is well to seed it to clover, but enough mulching should still be kept around the trees to keep the soil loose and mellow, thus instiling healthy growth and fruit fulness. Great care must be taken to prevent injury to the trees by teams or implements of culture, as it does not promote a healthy growth of the tree to knock off’ the bark with the.whiffle tree, or to ruthlessly draw the harrow o ver it. The watchful eye of the planter should be quick to ob serve the depredations of any in sect enemies, and destroy them in their incipieney, ami thus save much after labor, prevent great loss, if not entire failure. Proper care must be observed to prevent an accumulation of rubbish a round the tree that will harbor mice; careful tramping the first snow of the season around the tree will afford protection on this point. I believe that about all the pruning that is necessary is to see that all diseased or bad brandies are taken off’, and all branches re moved, from time to time, that indicate a close or bad fork, for if left they are sure to injure the t ree. Measuring Corn in hulk. A United States standard bush el contains 2,150 cubic inches; a cubic foot consists of 1,728 inches. Thus a bushel is to a cubic foot ac tive to four. In the Hast, where two bushels are rated as equal to one of shelled corn, tin* cubic con tents of the crib or box maybe multiplied by four and divided by ten. or the last figure may be cut off, which is the same thing. In tin* West three hall’-bushels of ears are equal to one bushel of shelled corn, where the Dent va rieties are cultivated. Thus the relation of cubic feet to the bush el of corn will be as four to sev en and a half. In this case, find the cubic contents, multiply by 8 ■hgUividc hv 15. Thus a crib 20xf>.\ I-2 equal 1.300, by 8 9.000. divided by 10,. equal bu.-lud-pit shelled .. -• —a *^B Indian CeWL 0U j . t&V * j*Y ' j Hie statistics of tfiis importaLl j staple slißw a decided'falling oifJ iu tin- amount planted in Massta-'j chusefts, while the amount rgiseiTi per acre is a decided gain on for ' tuer times. By the Massachusetts census of 1.873, it -appears that 1 ' there were i\ coax. ) car. Is.i.r JSOo. tSla. 157 7. ! Acre . . Ul.otiO "0,1 It 29,19:1 j Bushels , per lien* 28 28 3A. j Value in • ; in paper SI.OO 1.40 0.07 jtugnld SI.OO 0.93 0.80 0.08 T he value of tin* crop in gold in j 1855 was $2,830,100; in 18G5, i $1,873,807, and in 1875. it was ! only $894,659. We are not disposed to be in the least discouraged by these ti | gures. nor do we wish to cover up tjie fact that the West is feeding ■k wit h corn and must )>e paid for so as long as we continue to raise poorcrops of corn. We believe when the farmers are a little more enterprising and intel i ligenl in their methods of culture, the average per acre can be rais ed from 2$ or 35 bushels, as slat ed above, to 70 or 80 bushels per acre, as has repeatedly been done i iii Framingham, at a cost of 40 to 50 cents per bushel. This is not a vague speculation or imagina tion of what might be done, but I what has been done on fields of! I ten to twenty acres area on land ! of only ordinary character. The : average of the whole township of for 1875 was over 50 HmsheTs per acre by the census,! i while accounts are given by the | secretary of the State Board of Agrieiilt tire in his report of seve j ral fields, that produced from SO I bushels to 95 bushels per acre, at i a cost in some instances of less j j than 40 cents per bushel. We see no good reason why the success of the enterprising farm ! ers of Framingham may not be I imitated all over the State ; their ! best results were obtained by the I use of chemical fertilizers only, i substainft's that can be bought in any quantity iu the market by any one who can raise thirty six dollars per acre, in the reasonable | hope by gaining thereby 60 bush- I els of corn more than he can hope j for without it. beside stover and improved land. We believe that in a judicious system of farm management com paratively little artificial fertili zers will be needed after the land has been brought into good order. The difficulty is to make a begin ning on a poor farm. We may talk about ploughing in clover af ter our land is good enough to grow clover, and we may talk a bout spreading manure after we can scrape together wherewith to feed stock, Imt when we have no thing to begin with but exhaust ed land, fertilizers must be our main dependence in getting un der way. < )ur laws regulating the sale of fertilizers are good and sufficient, and what farmers need is confidence in what can be done with their aid, and at the same t ime an intelligent application of what the soil requires. Professor Stockbridge has done much in giving us definite ideas as to what each crop wants to pro duce it; his experiments have a roused a general interest in the subject, and need to be extended over a series of years and upon different soils, so as to give us much more definite knowledge as to just what chemicals to apply on the various soils of the State to grow a coin crop or any other crop wit hout needless waste of some valuable chemical. Rut he lias already proved that corn can be grown at a profit by applying his mixture of chemicals, and we trust that the farmers will not neglect their opportunity to pro fit by his teachings, and to give him an opportunity to continue his experiments upon an experi mental farm. There is much labor wasted in hand hoeimr of corn; it is too cheap a product to admit of hand tillage; the land docs not. need deep ploughing, four to six inches being enough ; tin* fertilizer can be spread by a machine if we have enough of it todo to warrant buy ing a machine. The land should In tlioroiiirblv harrowed and the kept going everyßfelgHSa corn is eiaht irh,>s*Bl’?s| jharxow is drawn by t and sweeps eight foot \aHfl has a large number of steel teeth that kill the wee just as they are breaking inouiM and does not injure the ground i j any considerable extent. the corn i< toilj high Ibr tliiJM| the < .inimuiir'ill i vat or an.; AHj p’mngli will hiy the e.ep b.SBB out tlie use ot the hand ht>e^B||j| It is thus only that the WesJBB farmers can raise their cheap and it is thus thalA\e uewl nfl pete with them. At the West corn is raked withT oftt the use of fertilizers.or man ure of any kind. Here we need them on exhausted land to the value of thirty live dollar- to lim aere to begin with when tlm land is exhausted ; but here the stover is usually estimated to he worth thirty six to the acre,while at the West it is worth nothing, andßlie ditt’e’renee iu price at the West, say at Chicago,as compared! with Boston, is about 30 cents bushel. We believe that with good clod ver sod to turn down iu tliA* f: iM to furnish the ammonia audvimS ovate application of fertilized containing only superphosphate lime and perhaps ti little potash;- that a good corn crop of eighty bushels to the acre can be raised here with better profit than at the West. It i- for solution of snrlr questions as this that we need ex perimental stations, and hope to have them.— Mass. Flovyfnaaa. Laying out the Kano. One great mistake the farmers usually make is iu not giving silt ficient thought and attention to laying out the farm, anddistrilm ting the crops and labor in the best possible manner. T here are few kinds of business which re quire such careful forethought and study as planning the year's crops oil a farm in such a manner as to distribute the labor through out the season as evenly as possi ble, and get the largest returns lortlie land under cultivation, and the money invested in labor. J When we consider Hie variety of crops which may be raised with i profit on almost any farm, the great number of causes which in lluence their growth, the nature j and condition of t lit* soil, I lie pros j peels of the markets, tin* possibil ! ities of double cropping, the rcla i tions of this year’s crops to a ro i tat ion and the distribution of la bor, so as not to have more at any one time than it is possible to do, and yet to have enough at all j times, the question becomes in teresting and at the same time exceedingly complex —yet all the*e tilings should he carefully co* Adered, not only each by it self, but in relation to each other, and whoever overlooks one of I them is likely to make serious blunders. He may sow his. seed poorly on soil not in proper con pi it ion, and so fail of a good crop, |or he may raise a good ertp and have no market, or he may be so crowded with work as not to be able to give it the proper at ten I tion at the critical time. My manner of laying out a farm is this: In a book, I write the name of each field, and the different crops for which the soil by its nature and present, condi tion (with the fertilizers which I can put. on it) is best adapted; al so, the time of sowing and liar vesting, with the amount of labor required and tin* times of year it will be needed. I then compute, as nearly as I am able lroni past experience and the condition of the market, the probable pro ceeds of each crop per acre, de ducting cost of seed and labor.— This will show which of all the crops for which each field is adap ted will give the largest probable returns. Having gone through with each field in this way anddc cided what crops will give the largest net returns, 1 next put them all together, and see how the labor is distributed, and how much grain of each kind I am to sow or plant. If I find too much labor required at any one season, I turn back to the pages contain ing the field- with the conflicting bin dm 11 CulW as well as gw plies the ])fl in laying or every far mil not to put jd liiivdu^ i" jfl. Tht *,v must iio7TT7T space, nor too iniii* Mpo er. If oonlinod. ailow Y square yard to each I’owi.**' s tali* a closely a- possible the difidrt uf the hen in summer, supply by artffhfUi; means tbtj wants which nature supjtvVs'jfi warm weather, and liens will lav in winter. Let the iloor of the lien-house Ik* of dry earth,with a box of dirt and ashes for their sand bath. Keep their quarters dean by removing I heir droppin, * al least three limes a week. Givt* tree ventilalion. Suppose void; hens to be in good condition andj health when they commence lav I ing. them the proper foodbl keep them so. Buckwheat and' wheat are the best grains, all ho’ - for variety other grains mils! be l given. (Jive cooked feed in va J lions ways every day. Mhli excellent, as also fresh meat aufl scraps from the kitchen. Two or three limes a week give fresh bones and ground bones, with gra vel and broken oyster shells -al ways within reach. 'Apples, calli-- bage, turnips and onions, raw or cooked, will he relished. The la ter in lile a pullet commences to lay the longer she will continue to lay, and the greater will be the uniformity in the size of her t*ggs. < ‘ A good lloudan hen will average from 100 lo 150 eggs a year; but to average that, a flock must have good care. Thick sour milk, or biittermilk, is an excellent arti ele of diet through the heated season. The lloudaus are very prolific and will stand a great deal of cold, but they must be kept 'dry. Ihe Plymouth Rocks are almost constant layers, and bear confinement well. Their e/ are large and very even in size. Although their frame is not so large as the Brahmas, they are more plump and fatten readily. Planting Bouillons Boots. There is no one class of our or nainental garden plants so truly beautiful, or a das- so easily cul tivated,or that will furnish so glo rious an array of colors and so wide spread a fragrance as the ‘bulbous family,’ and these shouldj be planted us early now as possi bio; if planted in .November or December they will come into bloom with the opening spring, as the brightest, sweetest and most fragrant herald- of that happy holiday season. Those wlio are about to plant these of Flora should bear that tin* soil should be fine, rich and deep; and not too heavvg or wet, but sandy; it is alvvavl best to classify them ■ so as to form gron this can be