The field and fireside. (Marietta, Ga.) 1877-18??, December 18, 1877, Image 1

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    Vol. I.
<Thf .field ami fireside.
PL'BUSHED BY
3*. G-. o*: CO.
At One Dollar a Year.
OFFICE
IN TIIE OLD PRINTING OI’I'K I'.
Building, Powder Spring St reet, Mari
etta Georgia.
i •
DAVID lIIWIXV
. a. I*, u’ci.atchey. i. a. iti\l;i\.
Irwin, McClatchey &. Irwin,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
Will practice Ridge. Itoiiie,
#|d onvcfa (firciiits.
, March 13, 1877. Iv
iwanr, wixn. PttH.t.. wixx.
W. T. & W. J. WINN,
: at taw ,
MARIETTA, GEORGIA.
March 13,1877. .iOfc >.V
-
W. R. POWKR,
Attorney at Law,
MARIETTA, GA.
Y\ mill adjacent counties. Collcet
iugu specialty. , Ofitee witD.liulge A.
N Tsimpsoti, northwest corner of l’nlilic
Square. *>’
.1. E. MOS ELY,
Attorney^at Law.
-IWTII.I. attend toall husiucs • eontided
Wto him in ('(diji ami adjacent comi
ties. Office —in Mel latclicy "s Build
ing, up stairs.
Marietta, March 13, 1877. hin
E. M. ALLEN,
Roe-id (‘lit llcntisl,
i ii more than t \venty j ears.
OH A lift ES RE A SON A 81. E .
Office —North side of I’nldic Sipiarc.
Marietta, March 13,1877. *. v
Dll. G. TEN NEXT,
Practicing Physician.
£3gT Office on Cassvillc >treet. —Resi-
dence on Cherokee street.
Marietta. March 13, 1877. l.v
DR. E. J. SEIZE,
Physician and *ii%eoin,
rnESDKRS his professional ";rvlee<
1 in the practice of Medicine in all
its branches to the citizen- ot Marietta
and surrounding country. Office at the
Drug Store of Win. Root. inch 13-ly
R. W. GABLE.
BOOT \m 1- SHOE MAKER
AND REPAIRER.
row I)Kit Sl’R ING STREET,
MARIETTA, mm.
Work done at very low prices, ami war
ranted. Mart’ll 1, 1577.
Haley Brothers,
CHEROKEE STREET.
Dealers in
GROCERIES, PROVISIONS,
AN J>
GEXKRAI. >IERCII AM HZE.
Marietta, Ga., March 13, 1877. ly
M. R. Lyon,
CHEROKEESTRKET,
FAIILY GROIERIIN,
Ami dealer in
COUNTRY PRODUCE.
Marietta, March 13,1877. ly
1. T. GRIST,
CHEROKEE S'I’REKT,
Sale and Harness Maker
AND REPAIRER.
Marietta, Geo., March 13, 1H77. ly
House Building and
Repairing.
SASH. BLINDS, DOORS FINISHED
TO ORDER.
Lumber of all kinds, and tit the
lowest prices, for sale.
Thankful for the liberal patronage
hitherto, the subscriber would state
that he is fully prepared to contract for
the erection of Buildings, and to exe
cute the contracts in the most satisfacto
ry manner. SHOP, south side Publii
Sou a re.
March, 1877. LEMUEL BLACK.
CONTRACTOR
AND
BIILDKK.
THE undersigned continues his busi
ness of Brick Making, Stone ami
Brick Building, and is prepared at any
time to take contracts on the most reas
onable terms, and tocxecute them in the
most satisfactory manner.
H. B. WALLIS.
Marietta. Mareli 1-3. 1*77. ly
THE FIELD AND,- ETKEiHffi,
Agricultural.
Apple Culture.
The first thing to do is to care
fully select a suitable site for. an
orchard. G. W. Putnam, in the
117m.v/,t Farm Jonrnah .slit s
that planting trees in valleys on
southwestern slopes of land,where
the trees are exposed to the tierce
rays of the summer stun, exposed
to the heat of the winter sun by
day and the sharp and severe frost
bv night, has been a source of in
jury to the trees which lots eon
tributed its share towards their
destruction. The orchard is one
of the most permanent improve
ments on the place, and. Pence it
should be ou tlie best‘s location
that the farm presents. Ify ideal
of an orchard site is higltreason
ably dry arable land,with mftural
drainage, clay soil and subsoil,
underlaid with lime rock, inclin
ing-slightly to east, northeast,and
protected on the north and west
by a timber belt. If you have not
a location combining all these,
get as near it as you can, always
remembering that the timber
belts can be supplied by planting
rapid-growing trees, a double row
of Lombardy poplars, planted six
feet apart each way, with a -tow
of evergreens inside, or next to
the orchard, will make asi ample
protect ion in a few years.- Where
land is generally level I think it
best to.plan*on the highest, or
rolling portions, but whemlandis
much broken by ridges and valiys
I think it verv important to plant
the orchard on or near the top ot
the highest or main ridge-, if you
would have healthy and product
ive trees. By planting on high
land we secure a more even tem
perature, both for summer and
winter; less thawing and freezing
in winter, less scorching sun in
summer. We can thus obviate in
a great degree the injurious cf
lects of our unfavorable climate.
Ncverplanl an orchard on a steep
southwestern declivity, and never
plant anything blit the Siberian
and Russian varieties in deep
valleys if you expect to get good
pay for time and money expended.
Alter making the proper selec
tion of the orchard site, the next
tiling to be considered is the pro
per preparation of the soil. It
should l>e continually borne in
mind that the orchard is to be a
permanent appendage to a farm,
and that thorough preparation of
soil is necessary before planting
an orchard. It can be done bet
ter before the trees are planted,
and it it is thoroughly done, less
culture will be necessary to se
cure the vigorous and the healthy
growth which is necessary. It
the land has been under cultiva
tion for a series of years, and the
soil is exhausted hv repeated
crops, a liberal amount of well
rotted or composted (not unfer
mented) manure should be appli
ed; but if the land is compara
tively new the manure may beo
mitted, (lie laud ploughed thor
oughly and as often as possible, if
subsoiled, all the better. If ma
mire is applied the land should he
ploughed in the fall previous to
planting; in either case it would
be beneficial. As early in the
spring as the land is in condition
to work it should be ploughed,
tin* soil pulverized and putin the
best tilth for a crop of corn. The
orchard site should then he platt
ed off’ into rows each way for the
sake of convenience in future cul
ture; care in this part of the work
will pay. I put the trees not over
sixteen feet apart, if standard va
rieties; if of Siberian or .Crab
varieties, twelve feel is sufficient.
When your site lias been chosen,
and the necessary fall prepara
tions made, you have then to de
termine the varieties you wish to
plant, and make the necessarv
selection and purchase. This is
a subject of much importance, as
your success in limit is largely
dependent outlie varieties and
qualities of the trees you plant.
If there are any orchards in
your neighborhood, examine into
them, and. it possible, ascertain
those hardy and productive, if
there are any. It you cannot ob
tain the necessary information by
this means, obtain it from some
reliable man who has had actual
and successful experience in limit
culture, and who is competent to
give you the necessary instrue
tion. Having detenu in<jUi£
MARIETTA. GEORGIA. 1 &HSL.
rieliesgvou wish to plant, g<> to
the nearest reliable nnrserv, and
select sound, healthy trees. If
you purchase 'three or f%u’ year
old trees, select <ueh as have well
formed heads or are property
branched, and carefully avoiding
those that have sharp or bad forks.
If there is qp suitable nun-yrv
near you.order only from siurh qs
you have good reason to suppose
will till your bill with perfectly
sound t rees ; j\ ithout any substitu
ting.
Having yo unround prepared,
votaßreea. selected and in your
orchard I'tlat, examine tlie roots
an%'C;i¥efully cut off or trim till
broken of briiised root -. Have an
excavation for the trees ol'/stilii
cient size to receive the roots iq
tlieir natural condition, without
being cramped or crowded tpgetli
or ; the roots having ,been we or
puddled should be placed ip Jin si
tion and covered witft, fine otrrfli
or soil, so that all sp<We% are pr%
perly tilled, and pressed down to
retain the trees in proper prt'sitioiH
When the work is done, the tree?
should stand two to four incites
deeper than in the nursery,, with
a slight mound around tin; trunk.
11 is important that a tree should
be planted as.early in the spring
as possible, so that it may secure
an early, growth, and be thus bet
ter able to withstand the midsum
mer drought and also properly
mature the growth of wood for
winter.
Do not neglect to place a good
mulch around vour trees as soon
as planted, exwuding as far a
round as the roots are likely to
extend the first year, say three
feet on either side, 'litis shouljL
be continued until I he tree is Wjjp
established. The mulch acts ujpt
retainer of moisture, tin equaijapr
of temperature, and is n very lm
port ant aid in helping our trees
to withstand the various changes
and rigors of our climate. It i-,
important that the young t ree
should start in its new sphere with
a vigorous and healthy growth;
hence it is well for a young oreh
ard that the ground should be
carefully cultivated. Some hoed
crops, such as beans, potatoes or
corn, if not planted too close to
the tree, may be grown without
any injury, and the orchard will
then be more apt to receive the
proper attention. When an oreh
ard has become established,which
will be in four to six years, 1
think it is well to seed it to clover,
but enough mulching should still
be kept around the trees to keep
the soil loose and mellow, thus
instiling healthy growth and fruit
fulness.
Great care must be taken to
prevent injury to the trees by
teams or implements of culture,
as it does not promote a healthy
growth of the tree to knock off’
the bark with the.whiffle tree, or
to ruthlessly draw the harrow o
ver it. The watchful eye of the
planter should be quick to ob
serve the depredations of any in
sect enemies, and destroy them
in their incipieney, ami thus save
much after labor, prevent great
loss, if not entire failure. Proper
care must be observed to prevent
an accumulation of rubbish a
round the tree that will harbor
mice; careful tramping the first
snow of the season around the
tree will afford protection on this
point.
I believe that about all the
pruning that is necessary is to see
that all diseased or bad brandies
are taken off’, and all branches re
moved, from time to time, that
indicate a close or bad fork, for
if left they are sure to injure the
t ree.
Measuring Corn in hulk.
A United States standard bush
el contains 2,150 cubic inches; a
cubic foot consists of 1,728 inches.
Thus a bushel is to a cubic foot ac
tive to four. In the Hast, where
two bushels are rated as equal to
one of shelled corn, tin* cubic con
tents of the crib or box maybe
multiplied by four and divided by
ten. or the last figure may be cut
off, which is the same thing. In
tin* West three hall’-bushels of
ears are equal to one bushel of
shelled corn, where the Dent va
rieties are cultivated. Thus the
relation of cubic feet to the bush
el of corn will be as four to sev
en and a half. In this case, find
the cubic contents, multiply by 8
■hgUividc hv 15. Thus a crib
20xf>.\ I-2 equal 1.300, by 8
9.000. divided by 10,. equal
bu.-lud-pit shelled ..
-• —a *^B
Indian CeWL 0U
j . t&V * j*Y ' j
Hie statistics of tfiis importaLl j
staple slißw a decided'falling oifJ
iu tin- amount planted in Massta-'j
chusefts, while the amount rgiseiTi
per acre is a decided gain on for '
tuer times. By the Massachusetts
census of 1.873, it -appears that 1 '
there were
i\ coax.
) car. Is.i.r JSOo. tSla. 157 7.
! Acre . . Ul.otiO "0,1 It 29,19:1
j Bushels
, per lien* 28 28 3A. j
Value in •
; in paper SI.OO 1.40 0.07
jtugnld SI.OO 0.93 0.80 0.08
T he value of tin* crop in gold in j
1855 was $2,830,100; in 18G5, i
$1,873,807, and in 1875. it was !
only $894,659.
We are not disposed to be in
the least discouraged by these ti
| gures. nor do we wish to cover up
tjie fact that the West is feeding
■k wit h corn and must )>e paid for
so as long as we continue
to raise poorcrops of corn. We
believe when the farmers are a
little more enterprising and intel
i ligenl in their methods of culture,
the average per acre can be rais
ed from 2$ or 35 bushels, as slat
ed above, to 70 or 80 bushels per
acre, as has repeatedly been done
i iii Framingham, at a cost of 40 to
50 cents per bushel. This is not
a vague speculation or imagina
tion of what might be done, but
I what has been done on fields of!
I ten to twenty acres area on land !
of only ordinary character. The :
average of the whole township of
for 1875 was over 50
HmsheTs per acre by the census,!
i while accounts are given by the
| secretary of the State Board of
Agrieiilt tire in his report of seve
j ral fields, that produced from SO
I bushels to 95 bushels per acre, at i
a cost in some instances of less j
j than 40 cents per bushel.
We see no good reason why the
success of the enterprising farm
! ers of Framingham may not be
I imitated all over the State ; their
! best results were obtained by the
I use of chemical fertilizers only,
i substainft's that can be bought in
any quantity iu the market by
any one who can raise thirty six
dollars per acre, in the reasonable
| hope by gaining thereby 60 bush-
I els of corn more than he can hope
j for without it. beside stover and
improved land.
We believe that in a judicious
system of farm management com
paratively little artificial fertili
zers will be needed after the land
has been brought into good order.
The difficulty is to make a begin
ning on a poor farm. We may
talk about ploughing in clover af
ter our land is good enough to
grow clover, and we may talk a
bout spreading manure after we
can scrape together wherewith to
feed stock, Imt when we have no
thing to begin with but exhaust
ed land, fertilizers must be our
main dependence in getting un
der way. < )ur laws regulating the
sale of fertilizers are good and
sufficient, and what farmers need
is confidence in what can be done
with their aid, and at the same
t ime an intelligent application of
what the soil requires.
Professor Stockbridge has done
much in giving us definite ideas as
to what each crop wants to pro
duce it; his experiments have a
roused a general interest in the
subject, and need to be extended
over a series of years and upon
different soils, so as to give us
much more definite knowledge as
to just what chemicals to apply
on the various soils of the State to
grow a coin crop or any other
crop wit hout needless waste of
some valuable chemical. Rut he
lias already proved that corn can
be grown at a profit by applying
his mixture of chemicals, and we
trust that the farmers will not
neglect their opportunity to pro
fit by his teachings, and to give
him an opportunity to continue
his experiments upon an experi
mental farm.
There is much labor wasted in
hand hoeimr of corn; it is too
cheap a product to admit of hand
tillage; the land docs not. need
deep ploughing, four to six inches
being enough ; tin* fertilizer can
be spread by a machine if we have
enough of it todo to warrant buy
ing a machine. The land should
In tlioroiiirblv harrowed and the
kept going everyßfelgHSa
corn is eiaht irh,>s*Bl’?s|
jharxow is drawn by t
and sweeps eight foot \aHfl
has a large number of
steel teeth that kill the wee
just as they are breaking inouiM
and does not injure the ground i j
any considerable extent.
the corn i< toilj high Ibr tliiJM|
the < .inimuiir'ill i vat or an.; AHj
p’mngli will hiy the e.ep b.SBB
out tlie use ot the hand ht>e^B||j|
It is thus only that the WesJBB
farmers can raise their cheap
and it is thus thalA\e uewl nfl
pete with them.
At the West corn is raked withT
oftt the use of fertilizers.or man
ure of any kind. Here we need
them on exhausted land to the
value of thirty live dollar- to lim
aere to begin with when tlm land
is exhausted ; but here the stover
is usually estimated to he worth
thirty six to the acre,while
at the West it is worth nothing,
andßlie ditt’e’renee iu price at the
West, say at Chicago,as compared!
with Boston, is about 30 cents
bushel.
We believe that with good clod
ver sod to turn down iu tliA* f: iM
to furnish the ammonia audvimS
ovate application of fertilized
containing only superphosphate
lime and perhaps ti little potash;-
that a good corn crop of eighty
bushels to the acre can be raised
here with better profit than at the
West. It i- for solution of snrlr
questions as this that we need ex
perimental stations, and hope to
have them.— Mass. Flovyfnaaa.
Laying out the Kano.
One great mistake the farmers
usually make is iu not giving silt
ficient thought and attention to
laying out the farm, anddistrilm
ting the crops and labor in the
best possible manner. T here are
few kinds of business which re
quire such careful forethought
and study as planning the year's
crops oil a farm in such a manner
as to distribute the labor through
out the season as evenly as possi
ble, and get the largest returns
lortlie land under cultivation,
and the money invested in labor.
J When we consider Hie variety
of crops which may be raised with
i profit on almost any farm, the
great number of causes which in
lluence their growth, the nature
j and condition of t lit* soil, I lie pros
j peels of the markets, tin* possibil
! ities of double cropping, the rcla
i tions of this year’s crops to a ro
i tat ion and the distribution of la
bor, so as not to have more at any
one time than it is possible to do,
and yet to have enough at all
j times, the question becomes in
teresting and at the same time
exceedingly complex —yet all
the*e tilings should he carefully
co* Adered, not only each by it
self, but in relation to each other,
and whoever overlooks one of
I them is likely to make serious
blunders. He may sow his. seed
poorly on soil not in proper con
pi it ion, and so fail of a good crop,
|or he may raise a good ertp and
have no market, or he may be so
crowded with work as not to be
able to give it the proper at ten
I tion at the critical time.
My manner of laying out a
farm is this: In a book, I write
the name of each field, and the
different crops for which the soil
by its nature and present, condi
tion (with the fertilizers which I
can put. on it) is best adapted; al
so, the time of sowing and liar
vesting, with the amount of labor
required and tin* times of year it
will be needed. I then compute,
as nearly as I am able lroni past
experience and the condition of
the market, the probable pro
ceeds of each crop per acre, de
ducting cost of seed and labor.—
This will show which of all the
crops for which each field is adap
ted will give the largest probable
returns. Having gone through
with each field in this way anddc
cided what crops will give the
largest net returns, 1 next put
them all together, and see how
the labor is distributed, and how
much grain of each kind I am to
sow or plant. If I find too much
labor required at any one season,
I turn back to the pages contain
ing the field- with the conflicting
bin
dm 11
CulW
as well as gw
plies the ])fl
in laying or
every far mil
not to put jd
liiivdu^
i" jfl.
Tht *,v must iio7TT7T
space, nor too iniii* Mpo
er. If oonlinod. ailow Y
square yard to each I’owi.**' s
tali* a closely a- possible the
difidrt uf the hen in summer,
supply by artffhfUi; means tbtj
wants which nature supjtvVs'jfi
warm weather, and liens will lav
in winter. Let the iloor of the
lien-house Ik* of dry earth,with a
box of dirt and ashes for their
sand bath. Keep their quarters
dean by removing I heir droppin, *
al least three limes a week. Givt*
tree ventilalion. Suppose void;
hens to be in good condition andj
health when they commence lav I
ing. them the proper foodbl
keep them so. Buckwheat and'
wheat are the best grains, all ho’ -
for variety other grains mils! be l
given. (Jive cooked feed in va J
lions ways every day. Mhli
excellent, as also fresh meat aufl
scraps from the kitchen. Two or
three limes a week give fresh
bones and ground bones, with gra
vel and broken oyster shells -al
ways within reach. 'Apples, calli--
bage, turnips and onions, raw or
cooked, will he relished. The la
ter in lile a pullet commences to
lay the longer she will continue
to lay, and the greater will be the
uniformity in the size of her t*ggs. < ‘
A good lloudan hen will average
from 100 lo 150 eggs a year; but
to average that, a flock must have
good care. Thick sour milk, or
biittermilk, is an excellent arti
ele of diet through the heated
season. The lloudaus are very
prolific and will stand a great deal
of cold, but they must be kept
'dry. Ihe Plymouth Rocks are
almost constant layers, and bear
confinement well. Their e/
are large and very even in size.
Although their frame is not so
large as the Brahmas, they are
more plump and fatten readily.
Planting Bouillons Boots.
There is no one class of our or
nainental garden plants so truly
beautiful, or a das- so easily cul
tivated,or that will furnish so glo
rious an array of colors and so
wide spread a fragrance as the
‘bulbous family,’ and these shouldj
be planted us early now as possi
bio; if planted in .November or
December they will come into
bloom with the opening spring, as
the brightest, sweetest and most
fragrant herald- of that happy
holiday season. Those wlio are
about to plant these
of Flora should bear
that tin* soil should be fine,
rich and deep; and not too heavvg
or wet, but sandy; it is alvvavl
best to classify them ■
so as to form gron
this can be