The field and fireside. (Marietta, Ga.) 1877-18??, December 12, 1878, Image 1

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The field and fireside., December 12, 1878, Image 1

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Newspaper Page TextJ.*G. CAMPBELL R. B. GOODMAN. fthf/irld and PUBLISHED BY cr. Of. CAMPBELL <Jc CO. % At One Dollar a Year in advance, l or.One Dollar and Fiftv Cents if not paid in advance. J IN THE OLD PRINTING OFFICE .Building, Powder Springs Street, Mari etta, Georgia J'HoHN O. IGARTRELL, Attorney of Law, practices in Cobb and adja cent counties.' TOffice i„ Masonic Build ing, up stairs. Marietta, Oct. 10, 1873. It*. T. WINN. ■' ~ WILL. J. WINN. "ITT T. &W. J. WINN, Attorneys Vt • at Law. March 13,1877. ly W[M. SESSIONS, Attorney at Law, office north side of P.uljljeSo uare in Blackwell’s Building, up., 1 . M arietta, October 1, 1877*" Ty CT jin,, E. M. ALLE* t 'liesidem Dentist, ofmori (Han twenty 'y ears. Charge, Reasonable. < irncF,—North side of Public Square. , Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly * ___ " Dlt’G. TENNENT, Practicing Physician.^ Office on Cassville St. —Residence l on Cherokee street. Marietta, March 13,1877. 4 ly DR.IE.IJ. SETZE, Physician and Surgeon,” tender.' his professional mervices in the pra-iict; of Medicine inall its branches to the citizens of Marietta and surrounding country. Office at the 1 >nig Store of Win. Root. inch 13-1 y D& T. B. IRWIN, At to megs at . LaoA7Will practice in the Blue Ridge, Rome, and Coweta Circuits. Marietta, March 13,1878. ly W. R. POWER. H. M. HAMMETT. "DOWER & HAMMETT, Attor- XTlneys'atlLaw,' Marietta, Ga. Will practice in the Courts of Cobb~and?adja cent counties. Collecting a specialty, ly Phillips & crew, wholesale and retail dealers in Books Station fry, Sheet M usic and Musical Instru ments. 8& 10 Mariettast. Atlanta, Ga. 4 Satzky, Merchant Taylor, under National Hotel, Atlanta Ga. WA. Haynes, (at Phillips & • Crows,) Jewelry, Atlanta Ga. FW. Hart, 30 S. Broad St. Atlan • ta, Ga. See Advertisemet in this P"l*r. IaRUIT JARS —Pints, Quarts and ! Half Gallons; ’JELLY GLASSES, •xtra Jar Caps and Rubbers, Cement and Sealing Wax, for sale by may 23 WILLIAM ROOT. RUEDE & !T GREEN, £ Watchmaker Jewellers MARIETTA. il-aft GEORGIA. ALSO, dealer in Clocks of every de scription. Repairing of Watches, Clocks, etc. a specialty. Satisfaction guaranteed. Sign of Big Watch, west side Public Square. oct 2 Still at the Old Stand. ROSWELL STREET, Marietta, . . . tsrorgia. NEW CARRIAGES and Buggies, Wagons and Harness on hand. All kinds of Vehicles built or repair ed. Work guaranteed. Orders solicit ed. REID & GRAM I, IMG. CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER. FIXHE undersigned continues hisbusi- JL ness of Brick Making, Stone and Brick Building, and is prepared at any time to take contracts on the most reas onable terms, and toexecute them in the tnost satisfactory manner. H. B. WALLIS. Marietta, March Li, 1577. ly GREER $ REYNOLDSp Dentists. ■west side of the public square Rooms over M’Clatchey’s Store. IT gives us pleasure to inform our friends that we hove returned from our Philadelphia trip where we have been working solely in the interest ot our profession. Again we tender our services to our friends and the public generally, confident that with the lat est appliances and me-t improved in struments, wbl -ill ■ U improvements, gathered regardic:-oi cr.pense or trou ble, we can do work as Uisfaetorily and efficiently as can be done elsewhere. Marietta, Ga., March 5, 1878 MARIETTA SAVINGSBANKT JOHN R. WINTERS, President. O. C. BURNAP, Vice President. A. VAN WYGK, Cashier. Notes Discounted. Exchange Bought and Sold, STAGE’S CATARRH REMEDY for sale by sept 19 ' B. It. STRONG. M. T. WRIST, CHEROKEE STREET, Mi and Earn Maker AND REPAIRER. Marietta, Geo., March Li, 1877. ly M. K. Lyon, CPEROKKE STREET FAMILY GROCER lE*, And dealer in COUNTRY PRODUCE. Marietta, March 13,1877. T\ THE FIELD AND FIRESIDE. Yol. IL] 15. R. Strong, (Successor toO. W. Williams,) SRIJ&If&IST, AND /Vpothecary. ■\T§k LL continue business at the Old VV Stand in M ARIETTA, and will keep on hand, and for sale, A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF FRESH AND GENUINE Drugs! Chemicals! Toilet and Taney Artieles! Paints and Oils! Fine Perfumery, etc. All which will be SOLD LOW FOR CASH. Prescriptions carefully com pounded by an experienced Apotheca ry, AS HERETOFORE. B. R. STRONG. Books and Stationery. * School Books and Stationery of all kinds. Also, Musical Note Books for Sunday Schools and Singing Classes. Any book not in stock, either Literary, Scientific or Educational, or any piece of Sheet Music, will be ordered and de livered in Marietta at publisher’s pri ces. B.R. STRONG. Marietta, Feb. 2(3, 1878. ItMNE CIGARS, best smoking and ’ chewing Tobacco, at sept 10 s B. R. STRONG’S. CJ A BRETT'S SCOTCH SNUFF— X for sale by sept 19 B.R. STRONG. Pure Cider Vinegar —Received at the Drug Store of B. R. Strong. FLAVORING EXTRACTS. Tropical Vanilla (warranted good), Le mon, Rose, Peach, and other Flavor ing Extracts, at Juno 27 B. R. STRONG. BIRDSEED.—Canary, Rape and Hemp Seed, for sale at the Drug Store of june 27 B. R. STRONG. JAYNE’S HAIR TONIC, Ayer’s Hair Vigor, Lyon’s Kathairon, Bar ry’s Tricopherous, Vaseline Bowder. and various other Hair Dressings, also Hair Dves, for sale bv june 27 B. K. STRONG. J. B. O’Neill & Cos. HAVE REMOVED THEIR STOCK OF General Merchandise To Gus Barrett’s old stand, East side of Public Square, Marietta, Georgia. Where they will keep a full line of choice Family Groceries STAPLE DRY GOODS, Jfactorn yarns, |t of ions. Boots and Shoes, &c. All of which will be sold low for cash. 11. D. McCutciieon will be pleased to wait on any, who will favor them with a call. Country Produce taken in exchange, on reasonable terms. Respectfully, J. B. O’NEILL & CO. Marietta, April 25, 1878. ly fifn PIANOS. ffßl TUNING AND REPAIRING. rililE undersigned respectfully ten- L ders his service* to the citizens of Marietta and vicinity as tuner and re pairer of Pianos. Warrants his work in every respect, and will doit as cheap or cheaper than any one. Postal cards dropped in the Post-office, will secure prompt attention. Will sell Pianos or Organs at the lowest figures, and upon as accommodating terms, cash, or on time, to good and reliable parties, julyll-tf ApHN SEALS. Removed! Removed! I HAVE changed my place of business . next to Marietta Saving's Bank, and will he thankful to welcome all my old friends and patrons at my new stand. I Will Sell at Atlanta Prices. c. o. D. Dry Goods! Notions! Hats! Crockery! Clothing! AND Bools ami Shoos! And every tiling else kept in * Dry Goods business. tW" N . B.—Would call the attention of all who are indebted to me, to come at once for settlement, and save cost. JOSEPH ELSAS. Marietta, March IS, 1877. ly Marietta, (Georgia,) Thursday, December 12, 1878. AfltimUttul. Principles of Fertilization. WHY FARM MANURES ARE INSUFFI CIENT —FARMERS’ DUTY IN AIDING NATURE. The mam feature ol‘ the meet ing of the New York Farmers’ Club, held on the 27th ult., was an essay road by Professor Levi Stockbridge, of Amherst, Mass., on the “Principles of Fertiliza tion.” In this, he said: It has been the stern necessity for fertilization, and this alone, which has resulted in investiga lions for discovering the princi ples upon which it rests. There fore, only in those countries where the impending results of decreased soil production have caused alarm, has serious atten tion been given to the subject of the “principles of fertilization,” Under such conditions the inves tigations have generally been em pirical rather than philosopical, the search lias been for expedi ents of practical local application rather than for principles of uni versal force and influence, The former method has hitherto been most successful, and by it the soils of China, though having been cropped for thousands of years, are still maintained in the highest state of fertility. In Eu rope, empiricism has had its day and its labored results. American agriculture of the past and the present is little bet ter than a studied system of land plunder and devastation. Front the time of (he first cultivation of American soils down to the present, each succeeding genera tion of agriculturists has travel ed westward seeking new fields to destroy. Though our large area of unoccupied land waiting to he despoiled may supply our wants, for many years, the inexorable law of nature will at no distant day work out its results, which are already foreshadowed in all the Atlantic States. The soils of New England, of the Middle and most of the Southern States are sterile compared with their origi nal productiveness. The cattle which once grazed on our hill sides have disappeared, because the sweet, nutritious herbage of early days has given place to the poorer grasses, brakes and brain hies. Where two acres formerly furnished summer feed for a cow, ten acres now give her scanty sus tenance. The Carolina farmer must traverse the detailed round of cultivation for the sake of har vesting an average crop of nine bushels of wheat or fifteen bush els of corn per acre; and the av erage yield of hay on our whole area in grass meadow is hut a ton per acre. The so-called land of exhaustless fertility is constantly receding westward, and east of it there is always a vast territory of comparatively exhausted soil.— Notwithstanding the wide differ ences of soil characteristics in different sections of the country, notwithstanding our great clima tic differences, like causes in our system of culture will every where with unfailing certainty produce the same results. What that system has already accom plished on both slopes of the Ap palachian range it will repeat on the virgin soil of the western prairies, on the valleys of the up per Missouri, the Platte and the Red River of the North. All the power of the National and State governments; all the intelligance and energy of our commercial effort, and the im provements of mechanic arts as applied to the farm are in com bined action to hasten the eatas trophe. If this very slight sketch of the present and prospective condition of our farm lands is not over drawn, fertilization is a necessity, in the East to recover whatis al ready lost, in the West to prevent an impending calamity. What are Fertile and what are Sterile Soils. Though the deplorable condi tion of our soils has been pro duced by artificial means, it is clearly the result of the action of natural law; for fertility and ste rility are both nature’s work.— But what, so far as the soil is con cerned, is fertility ? and what is sterility? Fundamental to these questions are the questions, are crops ? and in obedience to what laws are they formed in the case of fe^jali*r ? and what is (Jus law which prevents their growth in the case of sterility '( Though these questions have often been ably answered, we jdiall attempt to answer.some jfl; iWiem from our own staW pqin£ id in our oijft'ttinanner.preparedti ie clever tin uu/kind in the Tailor a IT-*' grosf tions f structiiuJol materials, iTI ki ,u Vj\fnt’4/W ac cordin Jo tin? laws of their na ture; of the dry weight of this material about !)5 per cent, from the soil. Every substance in na lure will not form food for (lie ani mal, and no substance will supply nourishment or support life until it lias been digested and assimi lated ; this is equally true of the plant. The soil is the storehouse ; of a certain portion of the food of plants, hut even the comparative- j ly few soil elements which enter into their structure must he radi- ! cally changed before they become ! properly plant food and can he taken up and assimilated, and in this fact lies the difference be tween fertility and* sterility.— However abundant the elements of nutrition may he in a soil, that soil is sterile until these elements ! have, by chemical action, been converted into a solublo form and thus become immediate plant food, and as soon as this change takes place the soil becomes fer tile. By continual cropping. and re newal of the crops the available plant food becomes exhausted and the soil becomes sterile.— There must he an annual deficien cy of food so long as cropping continues, caused by the fact that the natural power of the plant to gat her and use the prepared food is gieater than the power of na ture to develop the material.— For this annual deficiency be tween natural demand and unna tural supply the farmer must pro vide if he would maintain the fer tility of his soil or harvest abun dant crops. A critical examina tion of the plant itself will alone inform us what are the materials which, incorporated and removed from the soil by the plant, leave the soil sterile. We must also as certain the method by which these materials are prepaied from the crude soil mass, thus we may lie able to aid or retard the pro cess at will. Aerial and Ash Constituents of Plants. By separating our plants into their constituent parts by means of fire wc ascertain that they are all composed of distinct classes of material, that which came from the air, the aerial, and that which was taken from the soil, the ash ; and all plants contain both clas ses, though the proportions vary great ly according to the nature or variety of the plant. There is, therefore, a law of composition as rigid as the law of specific form and quality. In the ash of plants wc find in all hut eight or nine elements, and of these but four are found in our ordinary agricul tural plants in any considerable quantity. Any element found in a plant in its normal condition, however small the quantity, is a necessary constituent of that plant ; and all elements not need ed in the plant by the law of its composition are rejected. The aerial portion of plants consists of hut four elements, and each has ils specific use. These elements which we have found formed all our agricultural plants are : stlicia, lime, potash, magne sia, soda, phosphoric arid and chlorine found in the ash ; and carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and ni trogen composing (lie aerial por tion. However small the quan tity of either of these elements entering into the composition of a plant, it is essential. 'Hie lead ing elements in quantity are as follows : c-arhon, nitrogen, potash, phosphoric acid, lime and mag nesia. With rare exceptions, the ash constituents are found in all soils, either free or in some of their many combinations, and the or ganic elements always surround the plant, both in the soil and air; hut 1 lie fact that these elements y£r^r' > '‘ I V' s not sufUeieiU*. for plants’do-- irbL.feed on crii materials. Gveqali fcops or vfij.,, sucA, cv.'nol the growth of ijpops : this is done by the j\*aa 4 ip\io. element,s after ttiev ’ ln crude ooii]iv~’4> l^*liuehjrrt*iirt'<il I have t !;;r I'elieve (o he (lie ;> (lira 1 law of fin> |T crops, the only lining— jMsB and the only form, available, th ,v — ** j is gather* ■7s < 11^h 1J SI l)E OH wish now speak t aiosj,,. work and duty of tin* farmer as a director of the process, The (ai mer's portion of the work is phys ical ; nature’s is chemical. He has at his disposal, air, sunlight, water, the crude soil and various gross compounds. These contain the elements of plant food, and bis duty is to aid nature in their elimination. The soil consists of two classes of materials—parti cles of rock, containing the ele ments of plant growth, and car bonaceous substances, the debris of former crops of plants. Barn Yard Manure versus Com mecial Fertilizers. The air and its gases are the primal agents for producing the requisite changes in the soil par tides; insoluble silicates are cou verted into soluble carbonates, nitrates and sulphates, producing actual plant feed. Whatever aid tho farmer may render the forces of nature in preparing food from the crude elements ! the soil, the plants will consume the ma terial faster than these forces can supply it. If, therefore,he would maintain the fertility or crop pro during power of the soil ho must supply this deficiency by the ap plication of bulky material in which food can ho produced for plants faster than it can he in (he soil or of the elements themselves in an available condition. The former method should he first re sorted to because toitbelong the manures of the farm, the refuse of former crops ; and, of course, contains only these elements of fertility found in the crops of which they are composed, a very small portion of the bulk of the substance. Nature is a ceaseless worker, and each year produces from (lie crude soil a certain amount of plant food, so that if the farmer annually returns to the field the refuse of the crop produced on it it will continue to increase in for tility. But this is frequently ini possible, for a large proportion of the crops and animals grown must he removed for the support of those nol producing their food by labor on the land, and thispor lion is lost to the farm. We must, therefore, resort to the second method, and apply tin prepared material directly to (In land. The question here arises, i it not necessary (o apply all the elements of nutrition, as they are. all essential to the proper growth of the plant ? It has been proved beyond the possibility of a doubt that of t he four organic element s. entering into Hie structure of crops,only one, nitrogen,will ever need to he applied to the plant for the others exist in a free and obtainable condition in boundless quantities throughout all nature. It is likewise proved that with rare exceptions our soils will manufacture with sufficient rapid jty lor all the needs of the crop *ll the inorganic element r with the exception of potash and phos phoric acid; therefore as an ah ■ lute rule, the three elements, ni trogen, potash and phosphoric u cid are the only ones which need to he applied for the production of perfect plants. Tho exception to this rule are in each case gov erned by the law of composition of special plants and are them selves reducenble to rule; It must he distinctly under stood that only three elements of nutrition need he supplied to plants, nol because they arc in different to the prescin# of 11 <- others, hut that nature can bode ponded on to supply them in a hundance. Let us now make directajßl cation to these principles—usn farm-yard manure as our standard and illustration, because it is th* farmer’s . standard fertilizer ' whiqh he measures the valfl| c every article offered p ar] W- It is tl|v alniJ | l [No. 19. a! rule named. If our ■ ire eorreel the best is i ; .1 i I <' e 1 e H lion as they are crop. Hut even fcftDUKOl’y Til nieiils in manure wt it could lie made a pr feet manure for even Again, chemicals • S tlian m'anure, heeftus? be more cheaply tra. handled, carried to dist ol the (arm and thorougl J ed with the soil. They ;■, . J ti'i' than yard manure )jC*f p they not only enable us to ^ow 4 as abundant crops with less labo'< but their supply can equal any 4 , demand. l’hey also enable fai mors to continually crop hishf/ sell the crops, and yet maint; the fertility of his soil. Scientific experimente long known that certain cnVhn elements would produce peri! plants without the aid of these matters which are commonly sup • posed to belong to the soils and manures; but these gentlemen have failed to direct the attention of the agricultural community to tho tact in such a manner that (hey have realized that it might he turned to great practical ac counts in farming. The condition is desperate in Msssachusetts; the entire amount of yard ma nure made gives hut six-tenths of a cord to each acre of tilled land. Hut I believe that in the elucida tion, reduction to practice and a doplion of the principles of special chemical fertilizers there are bright hopes for our future agriculture. flic want of the future hour is the breaking down of all barrier* between practical and scientific men; the farmer should learn that, the growth of plants is not an accident hut the result of ac live, changeless law ; the latter should learn that science to be valuable must he useful ; that if i( would win acceptance with farmers ils conquests must not only he in naturally arranged theories and in the laboratory, hut in battling with sterility in the open field. The paper elicited remarks from several members of tho dub and was very generally commended, In reply loaques ( ion asked as t o how a farmer un acquainted with chemistry and having only such knowledge of his soil and requirements of the growing plants as can he arrived at outside hooks, shall select tho proper fertilizers,Professor Stock bridge said that when he knew the vender to he trustworthy to depend on him for a compound and test il ; otherwise purchase the required elements in simple form and compound them at home test them. Stunt a Local Disease. —l have often found only one head of a hunch smutty. If it was a con stitutional disease, all would he had. At present, I am inclined to the belief that smut is a local disease, when or how engendered I don’t know, and that sulphate of copper is not a preventive.— More experiments and more light is needed to settle these points, and I think a good move would he to raise smut from smut.— IF. 3f.cKenzic, Centreville , Mo. Cool Ashes and Chewy Trees.— 1 rifted coal ashes on two cherry trees that were several years old, and had never borne any fruit.— After using the ashes, the trees bore all wo wanted for eating and canning.-- At. Bonin:l Ohio.