Newspaper Page Text
2
Augusta, (Georgia.
Friday Morning, November 9.
Furies Ferry.—By reference to our ad
vertising columns, it will be’seen that this
Ferry has been made free for all travel com-
Ing to and returning from Angusta.
New Store.
We have neglected, for some time, to call at
tention, as we intended to have done, to the
new clothing and dry goods store of Messrs.
Mayer & Brother, whose advertisement will
be seen in our paper. Those in want of good
clothing, suitable to the season, and other arti
cles in their line, can be accommodated by
them, on reasonable terms.
Portrait Painting-
We take pleasure in calling attention to
Mr. Jackson’s card, in another place. We
visited the rooms of this polite and talented ar
tist, a day or two since, to inspect his speci
mens of painting. Mr. J. has not yet taken
any likenesses in this city, an! we are not ac
quainted with the originals of those which de
corate his room. Hence we can only speak of
their merits as works of art. We have heard
others, however, who have seen portraits ta
ken by Mr. Jackson, in other places, speak in
the highest terms of their truthfulness and
fidelity. As works of art the specimens of
Mr. Jackson will bear the closest scrutiny of
criticism. The persons represented are free
from formality and mannerism, and exhibit a
graceful ease and eomposure. This is a great
merit in itself. They the fresh ex
pressions ol animated life-in a coloring delicate
and appropriate, and as near natural as a paint
ing of the human complexion can be.
• Those who may wish to obtain Mr. J’s. ser
vices in his beautiful and noble art, we have
no doubt, will be pleased and gratified with his
efforts.
His rooms are in the old Washington Hall,
nearly opposite the Post Office—entrance from
Mclntosh-street.
Gov. Towm’tt Message.
We have read this state paper with as much
eare as the constantly pressing nature ot our
engagements would permit. It contains a full
exposition of the state of affairs for the last two
years, expressed in a clear and vigorous meth
od and style. It would certainly have been
more universally read if it had been shorter;
but allowance must be made in this respect,
as the operations of two years instead of one
have to be detailed.
We thought of making an abstract of the
Message, but presume.it will not be necessa
ry, as those who cannot read the whole at
once, can take their time fgf it- The public
debt, on the 6th bjjpr., 1849, is 1,828,472,22.
The tiovpraor suggests, that the liability of
tbc State, for the Central Bank, will be about
0900,000. He proposes to pay off the public
debt by providing a sinking fund of about seven
ty-five thousand dollars, which, he thinks, will
be sufficient to exhaust it in twenty-five years.
The recommendation to make a more equal
tax-law, and to adopt theadvalorem system of
taxation, will meet with general favor. The
representation of the condition of the State
Road, must be gratifying to all who have wit
nessed, with the least interest, the progress of
that great work.
While there should be a constant aim to
discharge the public debt and liens upon the
road, nothing short of imperative necessity
should prevent the fostering patronage of free
or common schools.
lt is gratifying to learn that the Penitentiary
instead of proving a charge
The recommendation to vote viva voce looks
like taking a back track, and we think would
certainly be more objectionable than the pre
sent mode of voting by ballot.
We pass over other matters in the Message,
with portions of which we agree, and others
disagree, to express our cordial approbation of
the Governor’s views upon the great southern
question.
On that subject he takes the position of a
true patriot and statesman. We hope he will
be authorized, by an unanimous vote of both
Houses, to call a convention of the people of
the State “in the event of the passage of the
Wilmot Proviso, or other kindred measure, by
the Congress of the United States.”
ITThe sales of cotton for the week ending
on Thursday last, in Charleston, reached 7000
bales, at prices ranging from 9| to 11J cents.
Receipts in the same time 1400 bales. The
market closed heavy.
Cherries nt November I —The Athens
Whig, of the Bth inst., says: We were shown
on yesterday, by Dr. Joseph B. Carlton, of this
place, a cherry fully matured, as a specimen
of the second crop produced on the same tree
this year—which is something rather unusual
in this region.
A Weighty Jury.—The sheriff of Cincin
nati lately served twelve gentlemen constitut
ing a jury whose united weight was 4200
pounds. They averaged 350 pounds each. It
would require weighty arguments to affect
such a jury.
Negroes in Deseret.—A letter from the
Great Salt Lake Mormon City, says there is a
settlement fifty miles from that city of men
owning negroes, carrying on farming largely.
ITFRev. Thomas Rambout has accepted
the rail of the First Baptist Church in .Savan
nah as Pastor. _
Rev. J. P Tustin, has been appointed Min
ister of the Second Baptist Church.
District or Columbia.—The New York
Mirror is assured in a private letter that seve
ral members of Congress of both parties, in
cluding a leading, though moderate Free Seil
er from the West, are urging on the members
of the Legislature of Maryland, which meets
in December, the propriety of petitioning Con
gress to recede to that Slate that portion of the
District of Columbia which she originally ce
ded to the Federal Government.
Ax Incident.—During the trial of Cogzell,
for kidnapping, which took place a few days
since in Hillsborough, an incident occured
which created considerable fun st the expense
of the big wigs and counsel. A Miss Sloan was
testifying and was requested to state all she
know' about a sertain transaction.
“Witness —I was in the sitting room when
Mary came from the kitchen hurriedly, and
Cogzell after her. He caught hold of her at
the sitting room door, and said Mary you hare
been here, long enough; come and go home
BOW.”
Attorney for defendant—What did Mary
•ay?
Attorney for the State—Stop there—l ob
ject to the question!
Here a discussion of nearly two hours took 1
place, in which four or five lawyers participa
ted. After which the three judges held a ;
long, serious and excited discussion on the
subject, and finally, in a very formal and pom- ,
pous manner, stated that it was the opinion of
a majority of the court that the question must
be answered. The court room was crowded '
almost to suffocation, and the most intense in
terest was manifested at thia stage of the pro
ceedings. The question was repeated—‘What ■
did Mary say?” and the witness answered— I
•fShe d.d’m say a word!”
Memphis Convention.
The entire details of the proceedings of the
Memphis Convention are so very long, and so
little was effected, that, instead of publishing
them in exlenso, we give the results in the
resolutions, which will be found in another
place. The great objects in view were the
connection of the Mississippi with the Pacific
ocean by a continuous rail road, the connec
tion of (he Atlantic and Pacific oceans by road
or canal across the Isthmus, and the protection
of the southern frontier against the Indians by
a line of military posts.
Whatever may be the existing power of
Congress on the subject of such vast improve
ments, it appears evident that the majority of
the convention thought that it does already exist
in that body. That, however, is a question which
will fully arise when the public gaze is fixed
toward sunset for the termination of the grand
est scheme of an iron-bound tract which was
ever thought of to give a fair trial of speed to
the fiery and impetuous steam horse.
The convention at St. Louis, having a simi
lar object in view, was recently held. There
can be no question that the subject of connect
ing the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, by a rail
road, is growing in importance throughout the
country. A few years ago, one hundred miles
could exercise an agueish influence on any
rail road project. But the public spirit of this
day has so expanded that a monument must
reach the skies, or a rail road cross a conti
nent.
The scheme of connecting the two oceans
by a rail road is the most magnificent one ever
thought of in any age. Its extent wguld, at
first sight, make it appear Utopian. Nothing
short of the resources whole country can)
construct it. .Whether iris fully practicable or
not will depend upon the results of actual sur
veys. Three routes are now spoken of with
their western termini at San Francisco or San
Diego, on the Pacific, and their eastern termini,
St. Louis, Memphis, and some point on the
Gulf of Mexico.
If such a road is built by the government, it
should be located with reference to the general
interests ot the whole country. They would
be materially consulted by a due regard to its
cost. The St. Louis, or upper route, it is sup
posed, would be several hundred miles longer
than the Memphis, or lower route. The
Rocky Mountains are an immense obstacle in
the first, and the rigors of the climate of a part
of the country through which it would pass,
are of no small weight in the calculation.
The Gulf of Mexico route wants the merit '
of centralization. The one leading from
Memphis, it would seem, affords more advan- j
tages and fewer objections than any other. It |
is central, and from the face of the country
through which it would pass, the road could be
built much cheaper, at least, than the upper
one, while it would pass through a mild and
delightful climate.
After all, however, the best route could only
be ascertained by actual surveys, which the
government will probably have made at no
very distant day. We must confess that we
have never been sanguine about the structure
of such a road. This thing of putting down a
rail several thousand miles in length, sets the
mind to wandering, and leaves it all tangled up
in the mazes of the uncertain, expensive and
almost never ending future.
The government of the United States will
never undertake such a scheme until it is
plainly demanded by the popular will, and its
practicability is made too manifest to le>ave
judgment and success at the mercy of mere
theory and conjecture. We would not be un
derstood to be opposed to a connection of the
two oceans by so extensive a railway. The
•*widea of the connection is sublime. If the
be stall compile witMheVaat
ness of the undertaking, we should rejoice to
see it commenced with as little delay as possi
ble. But we would not have it rushed into
without due caution, to remain as a colossal
monument of the folly of our government, and
the wild enthusiasm of our age.
Bureau or Statistics.—We trust that the
Legislature of Georgia, during its present ses
sion, will adopt the policy of the general gov
ernment (but with more efficiency), as well as
that of Louisiana, by the establishment of a
Bureau, in one of the departments at the Capi
tal, in which the wealth and resources of the
state may be known. The rapid advances
making by the people of Georgia, in manufac
turing, rural economy, the mechanic arts, and
all the elements of diversified industry which
constitute a state, make the present a favora
ble opportunity for the establishment of a bu
reau of statistics.
We regretted that the Governor, in his an
nual message, did not call the attention of the
Legislature to the importance of this matter.
A thorough aud intimate knowledge of the
resources of our state, are the pedestals upon
which the superstructure of its credit is reared
That portion of Gov. Towns’s Inaugural,
in which he speaks of " Our varied products,
whether of agriculture, of manufactures, of
our mines or of our minerals,” “ of the num
ber and variety of our manufactories,” would
have had more practical force, if he bad spoken
from official data in his possession.
In an address recently delivered by Mr. J.
S. Skinner he thus briefly refers to the im
portance of this subject. “ Such a bureau in
every State, would at once supply the law
giver with data to enable him to develops and
protect, with better knowledge of his subject,
the various interests committed to his charge.
How, in fact, can any government be wisely
with which it has to deal—its mineral, agricul
tural, and manufacturing capabilities—the
extent of its waste and its cultivated lands, and
the wealth that might be realized from its
forests, its fisheries, &c. 1 ”
[By Telegraph to Charleston Courier.]
New Orleans, Nov. 7, A. M.
Cotton.—Yesterday 300 bales Cotton sold
at full prices. The advices by the Hibernia
have been received
We will know the result of the elections,
for Governor, members of Congress, State le
gislature, &.C., aa far as the City is concerned,
to-night.
Baltimore, Nov. 7,7 P. M. .
Further Foreign News.—lt is asserted,
that Russia considers the entrance of the
French fleet into the Dard .nelles, as tanta
mount to a declaration of war. The English
fleet joins the French fleet at Naples.
The difficulties in the French Assembly, be
tween those advocating the President and their
opponents, has been adjusted.
The Turks were making preparations for
war, and the English and French fleets were
on their way to the Dardanelles.
IT A New York letter, of Oct. 31st, says: ;
Angust Belmont, the American agent of the
celebrated Rothschild, was joined in the bands
of matrimony to-day, with a daughter of Com
modore Perry, U. S. A.
Free Negroes in Kentucky.—Mr. E. A.
Wickliffe, ex Postmaster General, has intro
duced a proposition in the Kentucky Constitu
tional Convention for the substitution, in lieu
of the punishment now imposed on free ne
groes of color, for crimes other than murder,
the penaly of exportation, or being sold again
into bondage.
Correspondence.]
Milledgeville. Nov. 7.
The House was organized yesterday, about
12, M. Several bills were introduced and
read for the first time—the most important of
which was one introduced by Mr. McDougald,
of Muscogee, to alter and amend the statute
regulating the election of Circuit Judges, and
transferring that power from the Legislature
to the people. More of that, however, anon.
Mr. Ran' v <!' I a resolution requiring
seats to be , >v>ued sot editors and reporters
of newspapers, on the flnn- of the House. To
this resolution two amendments were offered :
th, first designating the gallery, and the other
th' committee rooms for editors, &.c. Debate
er ued upon the amendments, in which
Mi isrs. Fish and Nesbit, of Bibb, and the ori
gi tl mover, Mr. Ramsey, took a gallant stand
for the press, and we are gratified to add that
the amendment was lost. Where a gallery,
like the reporter’s gallery of the U. S. Senate,
is protected from intrusion, it is probably the
best place for an editor or reporter; but the
gallery to the House, exposed as it is to con
tinual intrusion, neither ventilated or lit with
a single window, and totally without any con
veniences at all, it would have been equivalent
to silencing the press to have sent us there,
i A committee room would not have answered
as well as the gallery, and there ore would
have been subject to surrender at discretion to
committees, and the first incivility of sending
us there would have been followed by as many
morels occasions might have arisen to have
ordered-us out. The resolution, however, was
carried’by a large majority—a courtesy, given
as it was under opposition, of
■ cannot be insensible.
In the Senate, a similar resolution was
passed.
The Ball comes off to-night. The polite at
tention of a ticket has been shown us, and, if
Swe attend, our readers shall have a glimpse of
the dance. The Inauguration takes place to
day. Whatever of interest the ceremony may
; possess, we will endeavor to give it to you. d.
[Editorial Correspondence.]
Milledgevili 1, Nov- 8.
The Inauguration of Gov. Towns took place
to-day. I herewith enclose you the order of
arrangements on the occasion :
Committees of the two Houses.
Governor and Secretary of State.
Secretaries and Messengers ot Executive De
partment.
Comptroller, Treasurer,and Surveyor General.
| Directorsand Cashier of Central Bank.
Supreme Court Reporter and Clerk.
Judges of the Superior Courts.
Members of Congress.
Ex-Governors and Ex-Members of Congress.
Distinguished Visitors and Citizens.
lisangural Address.
Senators and Representatives:
In renewing mv official obligation to the
People and the Constitution of the State, it
would be an unworthy affectation to conceal
my feelings of profound gratitude to those by
whose confidence and esteem it is made my du
ty to appear before you this day.
With no improper feeling, would I allude to
the heated contest through which we have
just passed; but may I not be pardoned for
proclaiming to you and our common constitu
ents, that this one act of u majority of the vo
ters of the State, endorsing my official con
duct, approving my known opinions of public
policy, and vindicating my private character
from slanderous aspersion, shall redouble my
efforts to render acceptable service to my na
tive State.
With the past behind and the broad future
before us, how strongly are we admonished to
learn “wisdom from wisdom’s eternal source.”
If the lessons of experience are not a sealed
book to us, we have pointed out, in our past
history, the unerring pathway to guide and di
i rect our footsteps. Let us then in all we do,
cherish the feelings of amity, confidence and
union among ourselves, ever mindful that in
tegrity and good faith can alone make us strong
at home, or respectable abroad.
What Georgian may not exult at seeing our
agriculture firmly planted and prosperous,
from the tide-washed beach of the Atlantic,
through every variety of soil and climate, to
our utmost limits. Upon every hill and dale,
in their mountain fastnesses and rich vallies,
and amidst the most enrapturing scenery, you
find happy husbandmen enjoying the reward
f of our enterprise, and contributing to the pow
-ler and strength of the State. Whose bosom
does not swell with proud emotions at the re
collection, that our varied products, whether
of agriculture, of manufactures, of our mines
or of our minerals, are open to the trade of
the World. Who that cherishes the spirit of
enterprise and industry, does not rejoice at the
number and variety of our manufactories; or
who has a heart so cold as not to glow with
pride and gratitude, that he has been privileged
to see the day, when our mountain barriers
have been made to yield to the pick-axe and
spade, and to form the bed of a railway, over
which the commerce of Europe, is seen trans
ported with the rapidity of steam power from
our own seaports. This is no fancy sketch ;
but sober reality resulting from the enter
prise of a few years of enlightened and well
directed policy.
Our duties, however, do not end here.
The rich and inviting plains far south of the
region alluded to, should receive the quicken
ing incentive to increased industry from your
fostering care. As far as the public safety,
and the general interest of all will justify, we
thould stimulate every portion of the State to
its greatest productive capacity.
Ours is an age of progress and improve
ment, and it is a duty we owe ourselves and
posterity to offer every inducement to our
sons and daughters to remain upon the ances
tral homestead, when we shall be no more.
Ignorance must be banished, the disorders of
State removed, and confidence and quiet res
tored to the public mind. Education is the re
medy for the first, and it is believed to be for
the second ; any system which will meet the
wants of the people, and is adapted to their
condition, will receive my warm support.
With mriialrtw burin serve the State—
with no ambition to gratify but to prove useful
I I desire no greater privilege or higher distinc
tion than to dedicate time, fortune, yea, life it- ,
self, if the exigency should require the sacri- i
fice.'to the defence of our constitutional rights.
Come what will—dully who may, in the pre
sence of thnt Being, who is the searcher of all
hearts, I stand prepared, to the utmost of my ,
ability, to exercise the authority about to be ,
vested in me by the Constitution and Laws of '
■ the State, in maiutaing your rights, protecting
vour interests, and defending your honor from
Federal encroachments or domestic violence.
Senators and Representatives, before I per
form the last solemn act that connects the of
: ficiai obligation between the Legislative and
j the Executive Departments of Government, •
’ with a full consciousness of man’s weakness, I
and entire dependence, may I not confidently
appeal to you to unite with me, in making an !
offering upon the altar of our country, of every
recollection of the past, that will embitter the :
| path of duty, every feeling of party that mav I
prevent wise, efficient, and harmonious action
for the welfare and preservation of our com- |
mon constituency.
IT We learn, from Milledgeville, that the
election for Judges was to have taken place
yesterday. There are only nine vacancies to I
till, aud yet there are several dozen candidates.
XTTbe following is the official result of the j
election of Governor:
Towns, ----- 46,514:
Hill, 43,322
Maj. for Towns, 3,193
ITWe are pleased to notice that active es- ;
forts are making to establish a dry dock in Sa-1
rannah. i
Earnings of Rail Road dur
ing the seven
1849, compared period of 1848.
Also earnings of in thAnonth of Oc
tober of 1848 and 18ro compared :
, Pussemrers.l Freight. Mail, X'c.l, ’Uotal.
’49...99,883 89 1 70,695.36 22,656.3 1,393.265.56
’48...96,800 511 148,206.47 22,215.39|267,222.37
Inc. 03,063.38] 22,488.89 470.921 26,043.19
OcroaEK.
’49... 16,998.74 52,314.681 3,178.83 72,492.25
’48...14,003.66 41,851.46| 3,526.73 59,381.85
Inc. 0’2,995.08 10,463.22, »34?.90 13J10.10
♦Decrease.
This statement affords pleasing evidences of
the increased business of the Georgia Rail
Road, growing out of the advancing industry
and enterprise of our citizens—the extended
links of rail roadswhich have penetrated into
distant sections, and invited travel and pro
duce throagh our section—and the reduction
in prices on our rail"roads.
Within forty days we anticipate the com
pletion of the State Road to Chattanooga ; thus
forming a ne convenient outlet for the
produce of thjKegion, and which will contri
bute the business of all our rail
roads, and addmew impetus to the commerce
of the State.
The Plough, the Loom, and the Anvil.—
We have received the November number ot
this sterling*pTlblication, edited by Mr. J. S.
Skinner, at No. 79, Walnut street, Philadel
phia. It is unnecessary to comm?»d this work
to the patronage^fthyiublic —tw established
reputation OT
cultural writer ; theTfiirty years he has devot
ed to advancing the rural interests of all sec
tions of our country ; and the intrinsic value
of every number of his journal; all urge a fos
tering support to the “ Plough, the Loom, and
the Anvil.” The editor, in his last prospectus
stated, that his journal “ has nothing to do
with party politics, nor with any politics ex
cept that which directly concern) the plough,
and those who live by it.”
The following are the content* of the No
vember number : True Sources ot Prosperity
in Agricultural and other Industrial Pursuits,
by J. S. Skinner; Analysis of Potitoe#; ‘’Po
pulation makes the Food come fron the Rich
Soils”; On Sub-Soiling—On Farmer’s Libra
ries ; Subsoil Ploughing (a prize emay) ; Al
abama Coal and Iron Trade, &c.; Diversity of
Pursuits; Norfolk co. Mass. Agr,Soc.; On
the Parturition of Animals ; Hear both sides;
The condition of the South ; The Maryland
State Agricultural Society’s last Exhibition ;
Agricultural Fairs; Good Cows; Sheep and
Wool—Rape Cake ; Two Experiments with
Guano and other Manures ; Virgilian Ores ;
Principles to be observed in the comrruction of
Farm Houses; Improvement in the Mode of
attaching Horses to Wagons; On Fattening
Cattle,and the Formation of Farmers’ Clubs;
Sulphuric Acid and Bones ; The Hydraulic
Ram ; Steamed Bones; On the Management
of Sheep ; Home and Friends.
Mothers’ Department.—Anecdotes of
Birds; Migration of Swallows;“Where there’s
a will, there’s away”; Rare an! Tender
Plant; Instinct of Animals; Distance of the
Stars ; How long Bees live ; A Home Love
haunted ; Inhabitants of other worlds.
The terms of this journal, in advance, are—
-02 each, where five unite—os for two sub
scribers, or for two years; and 03 fora single
one. Sixty-four pages monthly, printed in
the best style, and on the best paper.
A German Settlement.—A letter in the
Anderson Gazette, dated Pickens C. H., Oct.
30th says:
“ We have just learned, that Col. Joseph
Grisham, has concluded the sale of 15,000
acres of land, in the upper part of this District
to a colony of Germans three or four hundred
in number.
“ This move, we hope,
ti.-,. . iii. in-, .iii.: .
rapidly improving District.
thousand acres of good land at the base ot the
mountains, now lying waste, which needs only
the hands of industrious and honest Germans
toconveit it into beautiful farms.”
In this State, there is a wide field open for
the industry and enterprise of German emi
grants. What these hardy people have done
for the State of Ohio, and other northern
and western sections, we should be pleased to
notice in Georgia. Already large numbers
have located themselves in the upper portion
of our State and in the coterminous counties
of Tennessee; and we hope, in a few years,
to see their labors resulting in an increase to
their physical comforts, and adding largely to
the commerce of our State. While we desire
thus much, we shall be pleased to hear of the
prosperity o: the settlement in South Carolina.
Spanish Silver Coins.—We clip the fol
lowing from tlie Columbia South Cirolinan.
We think that Spanish silver coins should be
entirely discarded from circulation. In many
sections of our country the old twenty-five
cent pieces are only taken for twenty cents—
most postmasters refuse them—and but few
banks receive them at their nominal value. If
the butchers, bakers and grocers were to
refuse to tukc them it would require uo action
of Congress to expel them entirely from circu
lation among the people of the Union.
“A New York paper suggests that tlie proper
committee of Congress should at an early
period of the session, take into consideration
the dilapidated condition of the Spanish small
silver coins, and drive them out of circulation
by substituting something as conveuient. The
suggestion is a good one, for we cannot see
the utility of circulating coins at a much high
er value than they are intrinsically worth.—
Neither the 12$ cent piece or the 6$ will
weigh as much as our dime or half dime, and
in the majority of cases the stamp on the coin
cannot be recognized. Besides this our small
currency should conform to our denominations
of money, and thereby save much inconve
nience to business men and the community
generally.”
A Rousing day’s work on the Western
Railroad. —The agent of the Western Ruil-
I road has furnished ne with the following state-
Im ’pt of the amount oi freight started on Mon
day from their depot at East Albany.
10,0534 banels of flour.
942 do. of apples.
1,405 boxes of cheese.
75 bales of wool.
1,159 firkins of butter.
958 barrels of beef.
Eight trains, with 361 cars, were sent East.
The receipts for freight were $5,423- This
ia the largest of any day since the road was
built.—[Albany Evening Journal.
, The above is worthy of being chronicled
in this section, as the “ light of other days” to
come in Georgia. When rajl roads shall be
spread like net-work over the State, and all
the dormant energies of our citizens are
arous d, then we may have the gratification
of announcing, from the products of the farm,
the orchard and the dairy, the receipts in Au
gusta of perhaps as valuable a consignment
as that announced above by the Albany Eve
ning Journal.
Woman.—A gallant contemporary thinks
this world would hardly be worth living in,'
were it deprived of woman. Listen to this
rhapsody : “Who would remain in a garden
from whence the flowers have been taken, or
in a grove from which the birds have departed,
or beneath a sky which the stars hath forsaken?
Let cynics prattle as they may, our existence
here without the other sex, would be only a 1
dark and cheerless void. The light, the smiles I
and affections of woman, are the bow ofbeau- ;
ty and promise which spans the life of man
from his era-le to his grave.”
Memphis Convention.—The following
resolutions were passed unanimously by the
Memphis Convention.
Resolved, That it is the opinion of this con
vention that it is the duty of the General G >v
erument to provide a: a t early period for the
construction of a national railroad from tile
Mississippi river to tlie Pacific ocean.
Resolved, That io facilitate the accomplish
menl of this object, in the opinion of this con
vention, it is the duty of the General Govern
ment to constitute an efficient and competent
corps of engineers to make complete explora
tions and surveys of all the routes that have
been designated by public opinion as proper
for the line of this road.
Resolved, That after the proper surveys
shall have been completed, that in the opinion
of this convention, it is the duty of the Gene
ral Government to locate the line of the road ;
and in making the location, that route should
be selected! which is easiest of access, best
calculated to subserve the purposes of national
defence, most convenient to the people of, and
as far as practicable central to the United
States, and upon which a railroad can be con
structed on the cheapest and best terms.
Resolved, That to carry into effect the ob
ject of the first resolution, in the opinion of
this convention the public lands of the United
States constitute a legitimate and proper fund.
Resolved, That after the construction of the
national railway trunk from the Mississippi
river to the Pacific ocean, in the opinion of
this convenlion, it is the duty of Congress to
aid by the appropriation of the public domain,
in the construction of such branch railroads as
will best connect it with the great Northern
Lakes and the great thoroughfares leading to
the Atlantic ocean, and with such other points
on the Mississippi river as will connect it with
the lines of improvements completed or in
course of construction. And also to aid in the
construction of branches from the main trunk
to suitable points on the Gulf of Mexico either
East or West of the Mississippi river.
Resolved, That in the opinion of this con
vection it is the duty of the General Govern
ment to provide under liberal conditions for a
connection between the main trunk of this na
tional railroad and all railroads now made or
which may hereafter be constructed by the au
thority of the several Stales and Territories of
the Union.
Resolved, That, while the contemplated
Railroad across the Continent is being con
structed, a present communication between
the States of this Union and the American and
Asiatic coasts of the Pacific ocean is of vast
importance to every portion of this communi
ty ; that such communication can be obtained
by ship canal or railroad across the Isthmus of
Tehuantepec, Nicaragua, or Panama, or across
them all—which railroads or canals maybe
constructed by private enterprise ; and this
convention, inorder to encourage the under
taking and completion of such works, recom
mend the passage of a law by Congress of
the United States, directing the Postmaster
General, Secretary of War and Secretary of
the Navy, to make annual contracts for the
transportation of the mails, troops, and military
naval stores of the Government, from the At
lantic to the Pacific posts of the countiy, by
the shortest, speediest and cheapest route.
Resolved, That as an important means, a
necessary preliminary to the construction of a
railroad, it is the first duty of Congress to take
measures for the establishment of military
posts from the Western confines of our States
along the Southern boundaries of our Re
public, and our Indian frontier to the Pacific
ocean. That these posts should be established
in all proper places, not far distant from each
other, and that civilized and productive settle
ments should be encouraged around them by
sales and grants of pre-emption rights of the
public lands to actual settlers, and by such
other encouragement as may be deemed ne
cessary, so that by these means ample oppor
tunities may be afforded to our engineers for
the immediate survey and reconnoissance of
our possessions lying between our Western
and Southwestern States, and the Pacific ocean
and so, also, that by these means safe, practi
cal roads, one or more, with facilities of travel,
may be immediately.formed for our citizens,
and for the transportation of troops, and muni
tions of war, etc., across our own territories,
from the Atlantic to the Pacific shores, and in
jmy tjUfiUto re-
and last resolution, appears to
be the only one of decisive nature as regards
the opinion of the Convention, in favor of any
particular route for the proposed Railroad
across the the Continent:
‘ Resolved, That in the recent state of our
knowledge, we feel warranted in recommend
ing to the particular attention of the General
Government for examination, as possessing
special advantages, the route commencing at
Sun Diego, on the Pacific ocean, crossing the
Colorado on the West, running along the ]Gila
river, or near it, in a direction to the Passo Nel
Norte, and thence across the State of Texas
to its Northeastern boundary between 32 and
33 degress of North latitude, terminating at
some point on the Mississippi between the
mouth of the Ohio river and the mouth of Red
River.”
Where’s Barnum.—A gentleman from
Ouachita county informs us that a neighbor
of his, has a heifer calf now about six months
old, having five legs, two tails, and the ordi
nary number of teats—two of which, however
are on the top of its back, rendering it much
mot e convenient for milking. It is an extra
ordinary animal, and will, no doubt, make an
excellent milch cow, having two udders. Who
wants to purchase?—Washington (Ark.)
Telegraph.
The Tea Culture in America. —We have
(says the New York Tribune,) late advices
from the Tea plantation of Mr. Junius Smith
at Greenville, S. C, Hia plants are in blos
som, and as healthy and flourishing as those
ofCbina at the same stage of growth. Every
thing looks as favorable, and Mr. Smith feels
abundantly encouraged. He expects toplace
fresh tea on the tea-tables of London and Par
is in twenty days from his plantation. He
has a laige number of plants, and tea seed
enough for half a million more. The Black
descriptions blossomed some time since, but
lately the Green plant descriptions have also
blossomed. Mr. Smith is collecting about
him quite a force of laborers, having recently
sent to the North for about twenty hands. He
has also made very successful efforts to grow
the fig and almond. His next year’s crop will
be quite an important one. Should Mr. S.
succeed in introducing the growth of the tea
plant into the United Slates, he will certainly
deserve a statue of gold and the gratitude of
the whole country.
The administrators of Mr- David Olaypele,
a late eminent Printer of Philadelphia, adver
tise for sale the original manuscript of Wash
ington’s Farewell Address.
CThe corner stone of the Virginia Wash
ington Monument is to be laid in Richmond oti
tiie iSJnd of February next.
MARRIED.
On Thursday evening last, Bth inst. by the
Rev- Dr. A. Means, Mr. Lucius C. Skinner
and Miss Mary Frances Morrison, both of this,
city.
On the 25th uit. Wm. B. B. Cross, and
Ann Eliza, daughter of Thomas Ritchie, all
of Washington City,
In Clover Hill, Chesterfield, on the 18th ult.
Mr. James H. Miller, and Miss V. A. F. Clark.
On the 30th ult. Dr. Joseph H. Murrell, of
Covington, and Miss Mary A. Neal, of Zebulon.
In Cass County, on the Ist inst., Mr. John
R. Freemon, of Jones, and Mi»s Mary T.
Hamilton, of Cass.
On the 30th ult. Dr. James L. Grant, and
Miss Sarah Jane Morrow, all of Walton co.
in Coweta county, on the 6th inst., Capt.
Harrison J. Sargent, and Miss Sarah A. Griffin.
DIED.
At his residence, in Washington, Wilkes
county, on Sunday the 28th ultimo, Mr. John
Pettus,cue of tha oldest and most respectable
citizens, aged 69 years.
On the 29th ult. in Fayetteville, James J.
Stell, Esq. in the 25th year of his age.
In Pike county, on the 24th ult. Mr. John
Ison, aged about 65.
In Monroe county, on the 19th ult., Martha
E. Pittman, in the eleventh year of her age.
[From the Federal Union.]
The Tunnell.—lt will be seen by the
message that on Wednesday lust, the two sets
ot bauds at work on opposite ends of the tun
null met in the centre, and the light of day pe
uetrated the entire aperture of the mountain.
It was a day long and anxiously looked for by
the officer* of the road, the contractors, and
tlie workmen. When the light first pierced
through the aperture, we understand it was
n moinent.of great rejoicing and that some rich
scenes were enacted under the mountain.—
The cars in a few weeks will run through to
Chat anooga.
Since the above was in type, the following
has been handed us :
Nov. 1, 1849.
Mr. Editor : It may be interesting to your
readers to learn that yesterday morning at 11
o’clock, the headings of the Tunnell were dri
ven through and met with an exactness highly
creditable to the engineering of Messrs. Morse
& Wells—such was the excitement of bosses
and men that it was with the utmost difficul
ty they could be restrained for a tew minutes
to allow the intelligence to be communicated
to Mr. William Gray, chief mason, upon
whom they conferred the honor of first pass
ing through. The excitement was so great
that nothing could control it,ail work was sus
pended, and the feeling to celebrate this peace
ful victory over nature’s obstacles in some be
fitting manner was universal. Accordingly
this morning a solemn procession was formed
in the East end and inarched through the
heading through the West end, in the follow
ing order:
1. William L. Mitchell, Esq., Chief Engi
neer.
2. Mr. Lemuel Grant, Chief Engineer to
the Atlanta LaGrange R. R.
3. Mr. John D. Gray, chief contractor.
4. Mrs. Mary A. Hall, the first lady to pass
through the Tunnel.
5. The two Misses Reynolds, of Atlanta.
6. Dr. Henry Hull, of Athens.
7. Mr. Wm. Gray, chief mason.
8. Mr. Charles Lin’on, chief Tunneller.
9. The Tunnel Bosses and men.
10. Other Tunnel hands and people gen
erally. i
The piocession having arrived in the West
end, the following ceremonies were observed
and a brilliant illumination of the entire Tun
nel.
At the request of the chief Engineer.
1. A bottle of Grape Brandy, Ist quality,
sellery moussoux, which had been presented
for this interesting occasion by Mrs. Towns,
who presides over the Executive Mansion
with so much credit to herself and satisfaction
to the Public, was broken by Mr. John D Gray
chief contractor.
2. A bottle of Old Port Wine, which had
been presented by Mrs. Sarah C. Mitchell, the
chief Engineer’s wife, was broken by Mr. W.
Gray, chief Mason.
3. A bottle of Bland Maderia, a Georgia
wine, which had been presented by Dr.
Hugh Neisler of Clark, was broken by Mr.
Benjamin C. Morse, Principal Assistant En
gineer.
4. A bottle of Scuppernong, a Georgia wine,
which had been presented by Maj. Thomas
Mitchell of Clark, was broken by Mr. B. E.
Wells, Assistant Engineer.
5. A bottle of Maderia, which had been
presented by Mr. John D. Gray, was bro
ken by Mr. Charles Linton, Chief Tun
neller.
6. A bottle of Maderia, which had also been
presented by Mr. J. D. Gray, was broken by
Mr. Robert Gray, chief Clerk.
7. Water from the river Jordan, a small
bottle of which had been procured by the Rev.
John Jones of Marietta, from the Rev. Mr.
Lanneau, late missionary to Jerusalem and
presented to the chief Engineer was, after be
ing handed the crowd for the inspection of the
curious, poured out by him in honor of the oc
casion.
8. A half Eagle of Georgia gold coined
at Dahlonega in 1849 was then presented by
the chief Engineer to Mr. Wm. Gray, chief
muson,as a keep-sake and memorial of the
year in which this great achievement was ac
complished.
9. A small sealed package containing
thirty five dollars was then presented to Mr.
Charles Linton, in testimony of his skill,
r it
taining presentetHa
Mr. Cristopher Cornish, Mr. Joseph Teague,
Mr. Edward G. Walker, Mr. Daniel Davis,
and Mr. Wm. Thomas in token of respect for
their skill and success as Tunnel bosses.
11. The chief Engineer then commended in
appropriate terms the operatives generally for
their patient toil, and in the name of the peo
ple of Georgia returned thanks to the engi
neers, contractors, bosses, and all others en
gaged in the work for the great achievement
12. The procession was then re-formed in
the same order, and marched our at the west
end, thus passing through the entire Tunnel.
At night, Hon. Jno. P. King, President of
the Georgia Rail Road, F. C. Arms, Esq.,
superintendent of Transportation on the same
road, Hon. M. A. Cooper, Mr. Clark of Augus
ta, and a number of other visitors, both ladies
and gentlemen arrived at the Tunnel and the
celebration was continued till the hour of
twelve.
A cannon sent up from the Iron Works in
Cass County by Hon. Mark A. Cooper, was
planted upon the summit of the mountain,
under the direction of Capt. Wm. D. Fulton,
late of the army in Mexico, and seven salutes
were fired.
The company then assembled in the east
end of the Tunnel and formed a procession as
before, accompanied by a band of sable musi
cians, who belonged to the work, and seemed
to have sprung up spontaneously for the pur
pose, and after arriving at the west end—bot
tles of wine were broken, by Judge King and
Mr. Grant, and the water from the Jordan pass
ed round for inspection, and a portion of it
poured out as before. Hon. Mark A. Cooper
being called upon gave the following senti
ment.
The Western &. Atlantic Rail Road : “ The
first connection of the Atlantic and the Mis
sissippi.—The chain is now complete. 'l’his
quiet opening of its Grand Tunnel is emblem
atic, of its peaceful ends. The roar of Geor
gia’s native cannon over our mountian top
indicates that in time of peace we are prepared
for war.”
Hon. Jno. P. King being called upon for a
sentiment gave:
“ While others have been commended for
doing the speaking and writing let us wish
prosperity and happiness to the men who have
done the work.” Then the company gave
nine cheers for Georgia.
And thus at the hour of midsight, closed the
very interesting celebration of the opening of
the Tunnel, which it is gratifying to know,
introduces us into the great valley of the Mis
sissippi.
When the work is completed, the occasion
should not be allowed to pass without being
signalized by a State celebration—lndeed it
would be a gratifying sight to see the Stales of
Georgia and Tennessee with their respective
Legislatures and Executive Departments as
sembled upon the banks of the Tennessee in
honor of the close connection they are forming
by their respective rail ways.—The event ao
long desired fully merits such a celebration,
and the General Assembly socn to convene
should not adjourn without making provision
therefor.
The Pittsburg Journal speaks of a patent
Suction Power Pump now being exhibited in
that city. It says :
“With this pump, one man would be able to
throw water over a three story house; and on
farms, or in small villages, it would form a
cheap and most valuable substitute for fire en
gines. Weare informed that the United States
Government has adopted it for deck and fire
purposes on its vessels and naval stations.—
The smaller pumps, throw twenty-four gallons
of water per minute.”
TJ“The N. Y. Express says: “Judging from
the prices of American stocks in London, as
announced by telegraph, the Poussin affair
has made no sensation in Europe. If a war
had been apprehended, American stocks would
have declined, not advanced. Probably not
much was thought of the matter.”
Extreme cold produces the same perception
on the skin as great heat. When mercury is
frozen at 40 deg. below zero, the sensation is
the same as that of touching red hot iron.
Acids combine with water, condense it, and
produce heat.
The Lion Fight; or, the Showman fair
ly Outwitted.—The menagerie was in
town.
A rare occurrence was an exhibition of the
wild beasts, lions, tigers, polar bears, and ich
nenunions, in Baltimore, at the early day of
which wo are writing—yet they came occa
sionally; and this time was visited by old Nat I
Wheatly, a jolly, wheather-beaten boatman,
well known in Baltimore, as an inveterate joker
who never let any one get to the windward ol
him. He was, furthermore, a stutterer of the
first class.
Nat visited the menagerie.
As he entered the showman was stirring up
the monkeys and tormenting the lions, giving
elaborate descriptions of the various propen
sities and natural peculiarities of each and all
“This, ladies and gentlemen—this, I s*y, is
the African lion. A noble beast he is, ladies
and gentlemen, and is called the k ng of the
forest. 1 have heard that he makes nothing of
devouring young creatures of every descrip
tion, when at home in the woods. Certain it
is that no other beast can whip him.”
“M-m-ister,” interrupted Wheatly, “d-do
y-you say he ca-ca-n’t be whipped?”
“I duz,” said the man of the lions and ti
gers.
“What at’ll you bet I c-can’t fetch a c-c-crit
ter what’ll whip him?”
“1 ain’t a beltin’ majKat all. I don’t object
to take a small bet tofittt effect.”
“I’ll b-b-bet I ca-can f-f-felch something
that’ll w-w-whip him. W-w-what say you to
a hundred dollars?”
Now there were several merchants in the
crowd who knew Wheatly well, and were ful
ly convinced that if the bet was made he was
sure of winning. Solhat he had no difficulty
in finding backers, one of whom told him he
would give him ten gallons of rum if he won.
The menagerie man glanced at his lion.—
There lie crouched in his cage, his shaggy
main bristling, and his tale sweeping, the very
picture of grandeur and majesty. The bribe
was tempting, and he felt assured.
“Certing, sir, I have no objection to old Her
cules taking about with any creature you may
fetch.”
“V-v-very w-well,” said Nat. “It’s a bet.”
The money was planted up, and the next
night was designated for the terrible conflict.
The news was spread over Baltimore, and at
an early hour the boxes of the capacious
theatre were filled—the pit being clear for the
Iray.
Expectation was on tiptoe, and it was with
impatience the crowd awaited the arrival of
Wheatly. He at length entered, bearing a
large bag or sack upon his shoulders which
as he let fail upon the floor was observed to
contain some remarkably hard and heavy sub
stance. The keeper looked at it with indigna
tion.
“Th-th-there,” said Nat, pointing with his
finger at tlie bag.
“Well, what is it?” said the man, with in
creasing astonishment.
“Th-th that, ladies and gentlemen,” said
Nat, gesticulating like a showman, “is a wh-wh
whimbamper.”
‘A whimbamber!’ echoed the keeper, ‘that’s
certainly a new feature in/.oology and anato
my. A whimbamper! Well, let him out and
clear the ring or old Hercules may make a
mouthful of both of you.”
The keeper was excited.
According, Nat raised the bag, holding the
appeiture downwards, and rolled out a snap
ping turtle, while the cheers and laughter of
the audience made the arches ring.
“There he is!” said Wheatly, as he tilted the
whimbamper over with both his hands, and set
him on his legs. The snapper seemed uncon
scious of his peril.
The keeper was about leaving the room,
when he swore that his lion would not disgrace
himself by fighting such a contemptible foe.
“V-very well,” said Nat; “if y-y-you < h
choose to g-g-give me the hundred—”
“But it’s unfair!” cried the showman.
The audience interposed and insisted upon
tho fight. There was no escape, and the
showman reluctantly released the lion, mak
ing himself secure on the top of the cage.
The majestic beast moved slowly around the
ring, snuffing and lashing, while every person
held his breath in suspense. Lions are pry
ing lieasts, and this one was long in discover
■ta the turtle which lay on the flour, a huge
inanimate mass. The lion soon brought
nobe in closo proximity to it, when the tur-
Ttle, not thinking, popped out his head and rol
led its eyes, while a sort of wheeze issued from
I its savage mouth The lion jumped back, turn
ed and made a spring at the cr'Hter. As the
lion landed on him, the turtle fastened his ter
rific jaws upon the lion’s nostrils, rendering
him powerless to do harm, yet with activity of
limb, he bounded around tho circle, growled,
roared, and lashed himself, but the snapper
hung on, seeming to enjoy the ride vastly.
“Go it whimbamper!” cried Wheatly, from
the boxes.
The acene was rich.
The showman was no less enraged than the
lion. Drawing his pistols, he threatened Nat
with terrible threats, that if he didn’t take his
turtle off he’d shoot hitn.
“Ta-take him off yourselfi” shouted Nat, in
reply.
At this critical moment, by dint of losing a
potion of his nose, the lion shook his danger
ous foe from him, and clearing the space bet
ween him and the cage with a bound, he slunk
quietly in to chew the cud of defeat and pain.
It was a fair fight, all declaring that the
whimbamper was the victor. Tho money was
paid over to Nat, who left the theatre delight
ed at the success of his whim. The next
morning he carried his turtle to market and
sold him.
So this valiant champion after conquering
the king of beasts, served to make a dinner for
the Baltimore epicures.
All that is herein written, is supposed to
be true, though highly colored, and is doubt
less “green in the memory” of many old citi
zens of the Monumental city.—Odd Fellow.
Bo Kind.
Be kind to thy father, for when thou wust young,
Who loved thee so fondly as he ?
He caught the first accents that fell from thy
tongue,
And joined in thy innocent glee.
Be kind to thy father, for now he is utd,
His locks intermingled with grey ;
His footsteps are feeble, once fearless and bold ;
Thy father is passing away.
Be kind to thy mother, for Io! on her brow,
May traces of sorrow be seen ;
Oh ! well may’at thou cherish and comfort her
now,
For loving and kind has she been.
Remember thy mother —for thee she will pray,
As lung as God givetli tier breath ;
With accents of kindness, then, cheer her lone
way,
E'en to the dark vallev of death.
Be kind to thy brother—hie heart will have
dearth,
If the smile of thy joy he withdrawn ;
The flowere of feeling will fade at their birth,
If the dew of affection be gone.
Be kind to your brother—whoever you are;
Tile love of a brother shall be
An ornament richer and purer by far,
Than pearls from the depths of the sea.
Be kind to thy sister—not many may know,
The depth of true sisterly love ;
The wealth of the ocean lies fathoms below
The surface that sparkles above.
Thy kindness shall bring to thee many sweet
hours,
And blessing thy pathway to crown ;
Affection shall weave thee a garland of flowers,
More pleasant than wealth or renowu.
Rights of Schoolmasters and Pupils. —
In the case of Wm. W. Ladd vs. John 1). Phil
brick, Master of the Quincey School, for whip
ping the boy of complaint, on trial in the Com
mon Pleas Court, the jury returned a verdict
of sllO, with costs. In instructing the jury,
Judge Perkins charged that the defendant had
no right to ask the boy Ladd if he had stolen,
and that if the boy had refused to answer, the
defendant would not have been justified in pun
ishing him for such refusal. But if the boy
did answer the question, and falsely, the de
fendant had a right to inflict punishment for
thefaleshood uttered in school. If tie jury
found there had been any excess of punish
ment, considering all the circumstances, they
would give reasonable damages for such ex
cess.—Boston Traveller.
Mrs. Partington says that her minister on
Thanksgiving day, preached about “ the par
ody of the probable son.”
Scientific Items,
When waler freezes it forms itself
crysialn with interstices, at><i expand- :
ice swims, and ia eight parts in one
lighter than waler. Some metals and
also expand when crystallizing, while
bodies contract. Salt water does not
till four degrees lower. w
Animals die if their vital temperature is in
creased one-twellh.
Hemp, cotton, matting, &c. with oil and
lamp-black, generate beat, and finally ignite
spontaneously when exposed to air.
Tlie compression of water by thirty atmos
pheres gives out the sixty-sixth ot a degree i
of heat. I
Melted snow produces about one-eighth of *1
its bulk of water; hence snow, two feet deep, '
produces three inches of waler when thawed. J
Frost proceeds downwards, beat upwards.
As heat rises with the rarefied air, Count
Rumford taught to place grates low, to make!
chimneys small, and mantle-pieces low. ’
The heal making atoms which evolve fronx,
an irou-stove at a black beat, are visible in
sun-beam in a dark room. •
A naked body in air cools in 576 seconds, in
wool in 1118 seconds, in cotton 104* seconds,
in hare’s fur 1315 seconds, in silk 1284
seconds, and in eider dow n *3 5 seconds.
Iron is melted by heated air, with three
fourths of the coals.
Eggs are hatched at 104 deg. of heat.
When a bulk ofiime and water are combin
ed, the heat is caused by a condensation
equal to the bulk of lime, for the mixture is
the same bulk as at first.
Sir Charles Blagden exposed himself in an
oven heated to 250 deg., for eight minutes
without injury. A vapor bath cannot be en
du red at 120 deg.
The coldest hour of the twenty-fosr ia
in the morning, and the warmest is from two
to three in the afternoon. The mean heat is
from half-past eight to half-past nine. The
greatest range is in July, the least in Decem
ber.
Combustible bodies will not burn if dipped in
a solution of potash, or phosphate of liiae, or
muriate, sulphate, and phosphate of ammonia,
with borax. The alkaline substances arrest
the hydrogen, or prevent its combination with
oxygen.
HumbMdt, La Place, &e., consider the fact
of an internal heat in the earth as fully estab
lished, and they ascribe to it the origin and
phenomena of volcanoes in connection jgids
metallic bodies, and the access of water to
supply oxygen and hydrogen.
At the depth of forty or fifty feet the tem
perature of the earth is the same in .winter
and summer, apparently colder in summer,
and warmer in winter. Frost seldom pene
trates above a foot into the ground.
The earth is believed to increase in heat, a
degree in every fifteen or twenty yards depth.
Cordier.
In the catacombs at Paris, the thermometer
through the year, is from fifty-two to fifty tonr
degrees, while on the surface it varies from
ninety deg. to 0 deg. In Mexican mines it
stands at seventy-four degrees.
Depths of undisturbed air are like water.—
In a silver mine in Norway, 300 feet deep, the
bottom is covered with snow, and so in o'.r.er
deep caves, owing, as is believed, to thft cold
air of winter sinking to the bottom.
While air above snow is seventy deg. below
the freezing point, the surface, of" the ground
below the snow is only 32 'iegs.
At great depths in thy sea< as 4000 feet, tho
difference is from fifteen to twenty-two degrees
between the air and the water at that depth ;
and at 4680 feet the water is twenty-six degs.
while the air Is 48$ degs.
It has been proved by experiment in lat. 56
deg. 10 min., by keeping thermometers fixedl
in the ground at various depths, that frost dqM
not penetrate so deep in the earth as a footV
that at the depths of one, two, and three feetl
the lowest temperature,during two years,
at one foot, 33 degs.; a; two
at three feet, 39 (legs.; wht
at one foot, 36 degn. ; two, 62.6
three, 62 deg&. >
Information for Farmers about PijH
Roads.—Scientific experiments have provaß
that the same power required to move one tc«J
in a common lumber wagon, on a level eatjfl
road, will move the same wagon with a
four and one-third tons, on a level wood stir,
face.
Ono ton is the average practical load for a
two horse team, over a tolerably level common'
road ; it follows, then, that the same team can,,
with equal ease, draw a load of four and one
third tons on a properly graded plank road.—
Practical results have proved this to be true,
because four tons now constitute the usual load
for a two horse team on all plank roads, where
the inequalities of the land’s surface have
been leveled to practical grades. Wagons,
however, to bear such increased weight,
should be made somewhat stronger than they
are commonly made for ordinary use—but y*it
a common wagon will boar a much greater
weight on a plank, than on a common road,
for the reason that the pressure is direct and
uniform on a plank road, whereas on a com
mon road, by reason of ruts and inequalites ot
surface, the wagon is subjected to severe tri
als by oblique and lateral strains. Both wa
gon and harness, in constant use on a plank
road, by means of this steady action and di
minished friction, will last longer than on or
dinary public roads.
Suppose a farmer, living some ten miles out
of Detroit, has 140 bushels of wheat «a take
to market, in his wagon, over common roads
in the condition in which they generally are.
Ho would not ordinarily carry more than 35
bushels at a load—the weight of which, at 60
lbs, the bushel, is 2,100 lbs. ; one would occu
py so much time, that he could only make one
trip a day, and when he would have to make
four trips, and consume four days in convey
ing his 140 bushels to market—but, if he could
travel on a plank road, he could carry the
whole 140 bushels on a load; the weight of'
the whole, at 60 lbs. the bushel, is four tons;
and 400 lbs. How, then, does the account
stand ? Four trips over a common road will
cost as follows : four days for himself and
team, at 01 50 a day, 06 00.
One trip over a plank road, in one day, is
01 50.
Toll both ways at two cents per mile, ia
01 50.
Difference in favor of plank road, is $4 10.
The first impression is very strong against
being taxed for travelling to market, and great
hostility is naturally felt against the conver
sion of a free, into a toll road; but this arises
from not understanding the advantages of a
plank road.
The above calculation shows that the pay
ment of the forty cents for toll is not, in fact,
out of pocket, but the cost of a privilege bv
which $4 10 are saved. Money saved,is
money made—and in the case above stated, the'
farmer takes forty cents out of his pocket, and!
puts $4 50 in the place es it.
In the above calculation no notice is taken of
the cost of strengthening the wagon, because
such cost is more than made up by saving in
blacksmiths’,'and other mechanics’ bills, for re
pairing damages which continually accrue on
common roads, and in the great duration of
wagon and harness.—Com. Bulletin.
Plank roads might be used with economy.
to distances greater or less, according to the
thickness of population, and the use to be made
of the roads, in the immediate vicinity of all
our large towns, and in many situations where
they have not yet been thought of.
Along our water courses, farmers might
construct wooden railroads, between their
granaries and landing places of shipping their
grain, with economy.
One great impediment to rural improvement
consists in indolence—inertness—a habit of
inactivity, not so much of the body, as of the
mind.—Ed. P. L. & Anvil.
Economy Illustrated.—A man who had
purchased a pair of new shoes, finding the
road to be rather a rough one, he concluded
to put his shoes under his arm and walk homo
barefooted. After a while he “ stubbed” his
great toe, taking the nail off “as clear as a
whistle.”
“ How lucky ! ” he exclaimed “ what a tre
mendous lick thqt would have been for the
shoes.”