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SPECIAI NU?/!BER
Augusta One ot the Most Important Cotton Centers in the World
Electric Used by Claussen Bakery
is Modern and Efficient
When the H. If,. Claussen Company
decided to motorize their delivery
system, they naturally gave prefer
ence to tile electric wagon on account
of its sanitary features, and by adopt
ing the G. V. Electric, they certainly
hit upon an ideal machine.
The General Vehicle Company is
the world's largest manufacturers of
eelctric commercial vehicles, and has
tin immense plant in Long Isloml
City, N. Y. The latest addition to the
plant of five buildings is shown here
with. Over $600,000 was spent on
this building alone. All machinery is
operated either by compressed air or
individual motor drive. .Everything
is modern and in keeping with the
production of high grade machines.
The drop forge plant and foundry
is on the ground floor, the machine
shop on the second, the assembling
plant on the third, body building plant
COITON HISTORY
IS LOST IN PAST
Beginning of Weaving of White
Fibers Into Cloth is Not
Known; Record Back to
450 B. C.
The beginning of the weaving of cot
ton into cloth is loHt in the distant
past. The ancient Egyptians wrapped
their mummies in linen, by it is known
that their priests wore robes of cotton
when they entered their temples for
the purpose of performing their rites
connected with their offir.
Herodotos, the ancient historian,,
mentions cotton growing in India as
early as 454) R. C. He speaks of cert lap
STEWART PHINIZY, fERDINAND PHINIZY. JAMES TOBIN
PHINIZY & CO.
Cotton Factors
5-7 EIGHTH ST.. PHONE 347.
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
Established 1867.
Consignments soljeited and prompt returns made.
S. LESSER
COTTON.
Bagging and Ties
Cable Address: “Lesser.” Augusta. Ga.
Codes used: Shopperson’s 1881 Ed. Mover’s 37th
Atlantic. Meyer’s 39th Atlantic.
DAVISON ®> FAR.GO
CoLLon Commission Merchants
Mclntosh and Bay Streets Augusta, Georgia
RUSSELL ALLEN, Inc.
COTTON FACTORS
Cor. Reynolds and Mclntosh Sts.
on the fourth and the paint shop on
the fifth. Each step in the construc
tion of a G. V. Electric is watched
over by experts of long training and
experience. The tinished vehicle
goes down a giant elevator to the spur
track where the Iking Island Railroad,
electrically operated, starts it on its
way to the customer.
G. V. Electrics built in this plant
are being shipped to South Arfiea,
Brazil, Australia, Canada and the
Philippines as well as to nearly every
state in the Union, almost daily.
Firms using G. V. Electrics in the
South have nothing but praise for
these machines, and claim that for
city work, city deliveries, and espe
cially in the moving of merchandise
requiring sanitary conveyances, they
give greater satisfaction than any
other method.
trees of that country as bearing
fleeces more delicate and beautiful
than those of sheep arid their being us
ed in the manufacture of cloth. This is
the first record of the use of cotton,,
but it was undoubtedly used many
years before Heroditus wrote.
Pliny, another Roman writer of ex
c-ellet authority, states that the an
cient Babylonians and Armenians
wore robes of cotton next to then
skins and Livy a little later, records
that cotton awnings were introduced
into Rome B. C. S 3. Caesar afterwards
used cotton cloth to cover the forum
and tile way leading from hie house
to the Capitoline hill. This roof of cot
ton was a great novelty and for tin;
time considered one of the greatest
wonders of the city. The generals of
Alexander brought cotton back from
their Asiatic campaign. We also know
that the plant was cultivated long be
fore the beginning of the Christian
era.
Knew Many Uses.
Cotton was introduced into Europe
from Asia and Africa by the Greeks
and Romans, and was cultivated to
some extent in the countries bordering
Cotton Seed Becomes Valuable
After Close of the Civil War
Cotton seed as a valuable product
dates back only to the close of th»
civil war. Prior to that the seed was
considered a nuisance, to be gotten
rid of as expeditiously as possible.
It. is true that some tried to use it
even before the invention of the cot
ton gin in 1794, sample of the oil was
exhibited by the Moravians in 1770 and
in 1830 a patent was granted on a pro
cess for extracting the oil, but little
came of such early efforts. However
by 1320 the value of cotton seed pro
ducts had risen to seven million dollars
and this was but the beginning.
Bays the Railway and Locomotive
Engineering, "Speaking generally, peo
ple now eat and wear cotton seed pro
duels and do all manner of thfhgs with
them. The lintels yield batting, wad
ding and stuffing for pads, cushions,
comforts, horse collars and upholstery,
mixing for shoddy for wood in hat
making and for lamb’s wool in fleece
lined underwear; also for felt and low
grade yarns used in making lamps and
candle wicks, twine, rope and carpets
also cellulose used in making artificial
silk and writng peper, and as a basis
for explosives.
“But this Is not all. The hulls are
used for feed, fertilizer, paper stock
and stuffing. The cake and meal are
also used in fertilizer, in dye stuffs,
in feed for cattle, poultry, horses and
on the Mediterranean. It seems that
many of the present uses of the plant
were known to those people, for they
Placed great value on the seed, using
it for illuminating purposes and as an
article of food. Creighton’s History of
Arabia states that the manufacture of
cotton was introduced into Europe by
the Saracens of Arabia.He also gives
these people the credit for making
the Europeans acquainted with the
manufacture and use of paper.
Cotton candle wicks were used in
England as early as 1300 A. D. and
this is probably the earliest use of
cotton in that country. The develop
ment of cotton manufacture in Eng
land was very slow, ; ni t was nearly
five hundred years after the introduc
tion of the candle wick that the Indus
try can be said to have fully com
menced. England probably obtained
her first raw material from Brazil.
Found by Columbus.
Columbus found the cotton plant
growing wild in the lands he discover
ed, and later explorers found it as far
north as the land bordering on the
banks of the Mississippi and Its tri
butaries.
The finest cotton goods of ancient
times were made in India. Here the
natives attained such skill in spinning
that a single pound of thread would
be 1115 miles In length The finest
muslins were made by these people;
some qualities wer e so fine that you
could scarcely feel them In your hand,
and when spread on the grass and cov
t ed with dey they became invisible
The early settlers of eGorgia and
Carolina at first grew cotton in their
garden for ornament, and It was not
until after the revolutionary wah that
any considerable attention was given
to its cultivation for practical pur
poses.
(OTTO* BIN i
BOON 10 SOOIN
Not Only Dixie But the Entire
World Has Benefitted By Eli
Whitney’s Invention of Ma’
chinery
When Eli Whitney invented the cot
ton Kin more than a century and a
quarter ago, lie solved the problem of
the Southern states. His was a histor
ical machine, and it has played a more
prominent part in the development of tile
agricultural resources of Dixie than any
other one device.
It is particularly interesting to note
that an Alabama man—R. S. Munger—
Improved the ginning process by his in
ventions of more than a quarter of a
century ago to further revolutionize the
commerce of the South. As a result of
this Invention and the manufacture of
the products which followed. Augus
ta lias long been regarded as one of
tlie principal cities in the marketing of
the cotton crops of the world.
The purpose of this article, however,
is not to tell the story of the cotton gin
In its relation to the development of the
South, and the effect it has had upon
civilization in helping clothe the people
of the world, but to trace the evolution
of the gin from its small beginning to
the machine which is today the back
bone of one of the greatest growing in
dustries of the South.
Saw Gin Used In 1793.
In 1796 when the saw’ gin had been
in use for barely three years the South
ern states produced 2,000.000 bales of cot
ton against the 63,000 bales which were
marketed in 1792. Since then the In
crease lias been gradual up to the 13,-
000.000-bale crop of the present time.
Cotton growing in the United States
dates back to the year 1607, when tile
English settlers at Jamestown, Va.. turn
ed to experimenting with It and suc
ceeded in raising a small crop.
Exportation from this country dates
from 1747, eight hags having been sent
to England in that year. Small expor
tations followed until 1770. when all rec
ords were broken and the tickers in Wall
street set busily buzzing by an enormous
shipment of 2,000 pounds,
in 1791 there was an expectation of
AUGUSTA, GA.
Consignments Respectfully Solicited.
THE AUGUSTA HERALD, AUGUSTA, GA.
swine, as well as in confectionery and
flour. The oil enters the manufacture
of lard compounds, white cottolene,
Gutter oil, ‘olive’ oil, and oleomargar
ines.
"It is used in the packing of olives
and sardines in miners oil, in lubricat
ing oil, in paints, in mixing of putty,
and in automobile tires. It Is an in
gredient of soap, washing powders, etc.
Altogether there are fifty-three pro
ducts. Millions of capital and thou
sands of persons are employed in the
industries growing out of the use of
cotton seed. In this connection The
Manufacturers Record says, "Edward
Atkinson, of Boston, who in his life
rendered valuable service to the idus
trial south in his statistical ■presen
taton of conditions there took the
ground a quarter of a century ago, as
we recall it, that the cotton seed
weighing twice as much as the fiber,
would some day be worth quite as
much,.
"There certainly is encouragement
for the belief that this prophecy will
be fulfilled. The history of the cot
ton seed industry i the last forty
years is full of marvels. An exposi
tion that would present objectively Its
various steps, from the beginning,
should be full of interest and instruc
tion, and might be the means of giving
a fresh impulse and impetus to dis
covery.
189,316 pounds and this amount was
raised to 17,789,803 pounds in 1800,
Whitney’s gin being fairly credited with
the Increase.
At the present time the income from
America's exportations of cotton to
England, France, Belgium, Japan, Ger
many and other foreign countries aver
ages far moire than $290,000,000 a year.
That, together with that retained for
domestic use, is grown in 16 states. The
average annual production is now 12,000.-
000 bales and that entire product is gin- 1
ned by the states of the cotton section j
t>y 32,000 large and small glneries. whose
gins w-ork from one to four months after I
the crop is in the fields.
Much More Cotton Grown.
From the cultivation of. a few- acres in j
Virginia that produced in 1607 a crop j
not easily reckoned In pounds to the
cultivation of thousands of acres with a
crop not easily computed In bales, the
growing of cotton increased in the Unit
ed States. The production in 1860 was
2,160.000.000 pounds. In 1895 it was 4,-
596,000.000 pounds, or 9,467,900 bales of
484 pounds net.
Nearly all of the large crop of 1860
was ginned by the four-muie power
Whitney.
During the war production greatly de
creased and figures which attempt to
show the amount grown are not too ac
curate, owing to difficulties of the time.
For a number of years after the war
there was little or no improvement in the
process of ginning. Steam had come to
replace the mules very generally, thus
permitting many of the gins to be ope
rated more steadily and with better at
tention.
THE RECALL.
1 believe de recall ’ud help to reform
me.
What difference would it make to
you ?
Well. I t'nk I’d quit dis roving life
an’ settle down an’ try to git back at
some o’ de judges dat keeps sendin’
me up.
Atlantic Compress Co.
Compresses
at the
Following
Places in
the Augusta
Territory
Albany, Ga.
Americus, Ga.
Athens, Ga.
Atlanta, Ga.
Columbus, Ga.
Cordele, Ga.
Dawson, Ga.
Fitzgerald, Ga.
Macon, Ga.
Millen, Ga.
Savannah, Ga.
Thomasville, Ga.
Toccoa, Ga.
Anniston, Ala.
Dothan, Ala.
Eufaula, Ala.
Montgomery,Ala.
Opelika, Ala.
Troy, Ala.
Pensacola, Fla.
DAVISON & FARGO
COTTON COMMISSION MERCHANTS
AUGUSTA, - - GEORGIA.
CABLE ADDRESS:
“LYNDOUGH”
P. O. BOX 619
MAIN OFFICE, AUGUSTA
RIVERSIDE COMPRESS CO.
AUGUSTA, = - - - GEORGIA
AUGUSTA, GA.
, :■ r ; V‘ ; '■ ' • I
.' life, enfeL 1
Augusta,Ga. Plant Storage
Capacity 20,000 Bales
Compressed Cotton
L. 6. DOUGHTY & CO.
COTTON
Augusta, Georgia.
Spinners' W ants Supplied
||l ,j . '". ':^^£t^,';
■jBC iilf'' •>;«*-,' „'§■
M v-\ "' *~' - ■* •
COTTON COMPRESS
“AUSUitA IN T3U»
L. G DOUGHTY
H. H. ELLISON
BRANCH OFFICE, ATHENS