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SPECIAL NUMBER
THE AUGUSTA BAR’S INTERESTING RECORD
The Augusta Bar Has An Honorable History
Which Glitters With the Names of Those
Who in Their Day and Time Illustrated the
City, the State and the United States
Gf*orge Walton signed the 1 )c<*laratlon
of Independence.
William Few and Abraham Baldwin
signed the (Constitution of the I nited
States, which it nitty he her* mentioned,
was ratified by tlccgia. on January Jd.
17S8, in Augusta, tlu-n the state capital.
Freeman Walker, Nicholas V\ aVe, Rob
ert Walker, Robert Raymond Reid and
William W. Holt were mayors of Au
gusta.
Charles J. Jenkins, Ebenezer Starnes,
William W. Montgomery and Joseph R.
Lamar became judges of the supreme
,-ourt of Georgia, and the latter subse
quently an associate justice of the su
preme court of the I nited fetates.
George Walton. John Milledge, John
Forsyth George W. Crawford, William
Schley. Hernchel V. Johnson and Charles
J. Jenkins were governors of Georgia.
William Few, George Walton. Abra
ham Baldwin. Joint Fosyth. Freeman
Walker, Nicholas Ware, William H.
Crawford and John >\ King became
Baited Stales senators, and John bor
svth. secretary of state. George W.
* raw ford seeretar> of wav, and William
H. Crawford, secretary *»f the treasury.
The counties of Baldwin. Crawford, |
Forsvth. Jenkins. Johnson, Miller. I
Schley. Walker. Walton and Wave stamp
\ipon the map of Georgia, the names of ;
eminent Augusta lawyers; and the
streets of the city answer back the stoiy ■
in Barnes, Carnes Road, Crawford, Cmn
mtng. Davidson. Forsyth. Gannh!. HaJ 1
Jenkins, T.amar. Milledge, Miller. Motit
gomerv, Schley. Starnes. Walkc-V, Wal
ton Way, Watkins and Wilde.
Not only in the sober scenes of the!
court house were some of the lawyers ol
the past pre-eminent. j
Freeman Walk, r was the prince of I
good fellows, and <s said to have been
the original of that inimitable wag ,
Freeman l.azcnhv. <•’ |h<> “Georgia ;
Scenes." Ills portrait bangs in the ]
City Hall. and represents him as a '
striking!' handsome man, with an air
of auiet dignity through which lurks in |
his bright eve the spirit of merriment
and humor. His epitaph, written by Ins ,
friend. Richard Henry Wilde, says:
“Of cheerful temper and familiar man- |
ner he was idolized by his family, j
' beloved by bis friends
and t I
admired by his countrymen. j
\ noble monument. Many a wit abroad
is acrid and sour at home: many a;
thoughtless jest wounds the heart of a ,
friend; many a man is respected b> lu. ;
countrymen for his abilities who is no j
admired for himself.
Richard Henry Wilde was the author,
of that beautiful poem, My late m Like
the Summer Rose." it was written in ;
IWO, and for some tune there was .1
controversy as to whether it wete 01 gi; |
mil or a plagiarism from the Greek roc'
Mcaeus. The facts are that shortly after
its appearance a scholar of that day
translated it into Greek for the amuse
ment of himself and friends, a sm *
so-called critics, computing tins with the [
original charged Mr. Wilde withpugiai ,
j Sin The best authorities on Greek
language and literature at once earn- |
forward with the statement that the
translation was not Greek poet is at a •
but prose and mere modern Greek at
that. and. further, that no fragments of
Mcaeus were extant resembling .he!
poem. The makiv of the translation
wrote to Mr. Wilde, acknowledging him
as undoubtedly the author, and express
ing his repvet at the misuse made of ins
Greek rendition of it.
Ninetv-four years have now passed
since the poem was written but it still
sparkles like a diamond newly cut Its
republication is always welcome, and it
is here subjoined:
My Life Is Like the Summer Rose.
My life is like the summer rose,
Thltt opens to the morning sky.
And ere the shades of evening close.
Is scattered on the ground to die.
Yet on that rose’s humble bed. j
The softest dews of night are shed.
As though she wept such waste to see;
But none shall drop a tear tor me
Mv life is like the autumn leaf.
Which trembles in the moon’s pale
ray;
Its hold is frail, its date is brief.
Restless, —and soon to pass away.
Yet when that leaf shall fall and fade.
The parent tree will mourn its shade,
The wind bemoan the leafless tree;
But none shall breathe a sigh for me.
My life is like the print which feet
Have left on Tampa’s desert strand;
Soon as the rising tide shall heat,
Their trace will vanish from tHe sand
Yet. as if grieving to efface.
All vestige of the human race.
Or that lone shore loud moans the sea;
But none shall thus lament for me.
Apart from their poetic beauty, the
lines are remarkat k» for what we may
call their wonderful mechanical execu
:fon. Of the IfiS words, but .“J are over
one syllable, and all but 1 - are pure
Saxon, a most remarkable Instance of
the sinewy majesty of the English lan
guage.
Richard Henry Wilde was truly a j
many-sided man. He lose instantly on |
his admission to the ha*/; served in con
gress twenty years; went from Augusta
to New Orleans, and there entering on
an entirely different legal system. XHe
civil law. the renowned code of the Ro
mans. took rank with its most noted
practitioners, the famous Sergeant S.
•Prentiss and Judah P. Benjamin.
Robert Raymond Reid also had decided !
literary ability. His tribute to his gentle!
mother, while n life, and his apostrophe J
to her memory are gems of eloquence- l
They Vire to be found in his biography
in “Bench and Bar of Georgia.” and arc
well worth looking up and perusing, lie;
could he humorous as Well as pathetic, j
as witness his account of a dinner given
him by the Florida BaV in its early days, j
Wit and wine ruled the hour, one hug
attorney who looked like Lucifer and
drank like a Bub being particularly
prominent. The grand finale is describ
ed thus- "Toasts went on. One drank
the judiciary, another ttie chief justice,
another the memory of Julius Caesnf,
another the memory of Noah, the drunk
en lawyer gave the memory of departed
friends, and moreover he sung ‘The Old
'aekdaw and the Young Jackdaw,’ and
swore he liked no courts because they
always made d d rascally decisions
against him.”
Tn the sober domains of the law the
Augusta Bar has contributed much of
Importance.
Robert Watkins, assisted by his Iroth
er George, complied “W ilkin** D'gest.”
tbe oldest and now the rarest and most
valuable of our hooks of that descrip
tion. Out of this grew a duel between
Robert Watkins and Governor .lame*
Jackson. The governor had commanded
a squadron of cavalry in the Revolution,
was a terrible mnrtinent. and would brook
no opposition from nnybodv. and Wat
kins was equally a man of blood and Iron,
always read*, to buek up his views with
Powder and hall. The cause of the dif
ficulty was the famous Yazoo Act which
sold y o State’s western domain to :t
number of'speculating land companies. A
j great hub-hub ensued, an anti-Yazoo
legislature was elected and Jackson
! made governor. Watkins had been di
i rected to compile ‘ the laws of Georgia,"
and tin* governor ordered to pay him. He
published in his volume the original Ya
zoo Act. and also the famous Expung
ing Act. which declared the original act
had never been a law of Georgia and
should l.e destroyed and forever held
null and void.
The governor contended that Watkins
had not complied with bis undertaking,
to publish “the laws.” but had inserted,
a void act and refused to pay him.
Watkins argued that tl»e> were both
acts that had been passed, and it was
none of bis business to discriminate be
tween them as to their legal existence,
that being for the courts and not a mere
compiler, and stood out for his pay.
One word brought on another, and the
two fiery spirits soon met in a duel.
The affair was conducted, according to
a contemporaneous account, in the high
est style of punctilio. While the seconds
arranged details, the principals con
versed “with great elegance and entire
politeness” on general topics, just as if
they were not about to kill one another.
Then the seconds put tLeir men to the
peg, and stated the terms of combat:
You are to stand at a distance of ten
paces; you are to fire fit. the word
‘Make ready, fire!’ a snap «s- a flash is
to be counted a shot, etc. At the first
fire both pistols went off bang! into the
ground. The second was a blank. At
the third. Watkins got better control of
his hair-trigger, and the governor went
down with an ounce ball in the Lip. He
demanded another five, but the surgeons
forbid it not being sure but that tbe ball
bad entered tbe cavity, and be was ' ar
red off the ground. Watkins assisted
in this, and polite conversation was re
sinned, the governor affably remarking.
"D n it. Watkins, 1 thought 1 comd
give vou another shot.”
William H. ( Yaw ford, in conjunction
with Horatio Mavbury. compiled, “Mar
ian y & Crawford’s Digest,” the second
of our ancient series and a work of au
tLority to this day.
William Schley compiled “Schley’s Di
gest.” a learned work, still cited occa
sionally in the courts. When the pro
vince of Georgia became a state, it was
deemed necessary to define how much
a tlu« s’atiito law of England remained,
and in 17Sl it was enacted that acts of
parliament which “were usually of force”
in the province on May 14th, 177(5 should
remain of force in the state. But what
were “usually of force” remained an
i pen question, causing difficulties, and
in IS;';’, the general assembly provided
that “William Schley be and he is here
i y appointed to arrange and digest the
English statutes that are now of force
in this state;”.and in 18-6 tiie work was
approved and published.
Mr. ScLby was also a many-sided
man. Ids profound scholarship and legal
learning going band in hand with entire
practicality. He is prominent among
the pioneers of cotton manufacturing in
Richmond count.x ; was interested in IS3O
in lielleview factory on Butler’s Greek,
said to have been the first cotton mill
In Georgia and in 18:*4 was one of the in
corporators of Richmond Factory. Mo.*e
than this lie labored long to build tbe
Atlantic & Western, or state road, and
when made goveror had the satisfaction
»f signing the act authorizing that en
terprise.
Andrew J Miller also aided materially
to establish the state road, anil was a
strong friend of the Medical College of
Augusta. He served in the general as
sembly continuously from 1836 to his
death in 1 and the legislature named
a new county and erected a monument
in his honor.
Henry If. Gumming was the father of
the Augusta Canal; studied that subject
for years and never rested till he bad es
tablished the legality of the project and
saw the water turned in.
Kncugli has been said to show the
strong turn for industrial development
•Town by tbe Bar.
It is now some fifty-five years since 1
was admitted as an attorney at law apd
solicitor in chancery, in Tennessee, the
common law and equity courts being
then distinct tribunals, and it is now
within a few days of an even half-cen
tury since T was received, on niv Tennes
see licenses, at the Augusta Bar. Hon.
Charles J. Jenkins, who had been at
college with my father, introducing me
to tbe court in the kindly fashion of that
day.
In that long tract of time I have seen
many, very many, members of that Bar
pass away.
of some let me say a word. They rise
before me fast and the magnitude of the
subject forces me to be incomplete, Vnd
brief.
Ebenezer Starnes was an eminently
sound lawyer, and for tbe four years he
held the superior court judgeship, lias
tbe record honor of tbe fewest reversals
by the supreme court, only seventeen
per cent. But, then, he was a Veal
lawyer, and was a real judge, had neither
friend nor foe when on the bench and
decided with absolute impartiality. Lack
of legal learning, while deplorable in a
judge, is not an irreparable calamity,
since the lawyers are there, one to give
him all the law on one side and the other
on the other, but an unfair, unjust, par
tial judge is death to Mvl’ized society.
The mob which, with howling and vio
lence. works its will, and the unjust oc
cupant of the bench who does by stealth
what tbe other does openly, are alike
toes to social older.
\Y. AY. Holt was a judge on the order
of Judge Starnes, and at the bar and
among the people his memory still ling*
ers in sincere respect.
William R. Me Laws could examine a
witness to perfection. If he had put
him up. he first let him tell all he knew
and then had him explain how he knew*
it. who else was there, etc. If he was
cross-examining, he reversed the process,
and great was the laughter once when
a witness who carried the case testified
that he knew what he had said was so
1 ecu use Mr. Ho-and-So, who was a
truthful man. had told him so. Bullying
witnesses was not fashionable then, and
is not legal now, it being the law that
tho\ are “to he protected from Improper
questions and from harsh or insulting
demeanor.” (See Section 5870 of the Code
of Georgia of 1910.) Any citizen whom a
bullying lawyer affronts while on the
witness stand has the right to appeal to
the court for protection, and It is the
duty of the court to give it.
Richmond county lay in the Middle
Circuit till IS7O. wh«n the Augusta Cir
cuit was created, and James S. Hook
was the last judge of the Middle Circuit
before the change, and a pleasing writer
he was an effective speaker and one of
the most amiable of men. A devoted
angler he was. also, and his exultant. ”T
got him,” when he did land a big fel
low*, rings cheerily still In my ears.
Joseph Ganahl was the Juvenal of the
Bar. His powers of satire were won
derful. ami when in full play were the
delight of his brother attorneys.
John F. and William T. Davidson..
' brothers, were a firm where John S.
was the oratorical member: he could
s ar into the blue empyrean as well as
|my man T ever knew, one excepted; but
\V. T was the lawyer, precise, well
informed. untiring Boor fellow, lie work
ed himself to death like so many bright
American*, trying to do i* all at on* e.
James K. and Char es W Harper was
anot!**en firm of brothers, fine at com
mercial law. particularly James K., and
having a large clientage.
iji Jj&t- '''%<■ -■
• '-v* V jtOl i. j nr f '' :
G:c■' -»tt .sSßjp 358 .
pPPII » V W
Mr. Salem Duteher, one of the old
est lawyers in Georgia, Is, as his name
shows, of ihe old Dutch or Holland
stock which settled New York about
1640, and is commonly called the
Knickerbocker blood. His great-great
great-grandfather, Barent Duteher,
was u large land owner on the Hudson
just above the city, and his great
grandfather, William Duteher was a
captain of cavalry in t!)e Continental
army. Mr. D.’b father, a prominent
lawyer of Albany, died while his son
was an infant and the boy came to
manhood in Tennessee, where he was
admitted to the bar and practiced un
tinl the outbreak of the war, when he
entered the Confederate army, and
is particularly mentioned for gallant
ry and efficency" in the published re
ports. At the close of the war he set
tled in Augusta and has made it his
home for fifty years. He has been
long a prominent figure at the bar
and active in legal matters. He
urged a merger of the law and equity
courts, and in ISS7 the Legislature
authorized this, much to the improve
ment of legal procedure. He has also
written much in favoF of a revision
of our penal code, having a special
knowledge of its defects from having
been solicitor general. He put forth
a learned work caled "Expressions of
Law and Facts, construed by the
courts of Georgia,” which contains
some 10,000 citations, and the idea
of which has been kept up ever since
in the reports of the Supreme Court
of Georgia, under the heading “Words
and Phrases."
in conjunction with Mr. W. K. Mil
ler, he long contended in the Bar As
sociation t lint Richmond Superior
Court should convene oftener than
semi-annually, insisting that the con
stitution did not inhibit more than two
sessions yearly. The bar generally
did not concur in this view; but it was
finally determined to test the question,
whereupon Mr. Duteher brought a test
case in which tbe Supreme Court up-
Court upheld the view entertained by
Mr. Miller and himself! The decis
ion is of far-reaching importance, and
is only now developing its full sig
nificance, shaping up to an abandon
ment of the city courts as unneces
sary and a re-organization of the Su
perior Courts so as to allow each
county to have, as often a* neces
sary one court competent to try all
11. Olay Foster was line of a large
family, all gone but a younger member I
now as the Ixir. He could pick a Jury i
with unerring skill ami was pretty cer- i
tain to have Hie verdict In his pocket)
when be sat down. It was in his office i
that Associate Justice Lamar of the su
preme court of the United States studied '
law.
Many otherfe rise before me, Shews ,
make. Snead, Oakman, Gibson, Gardner, I
Jackson, l’hinizy, Johnson, Gould, King— \
a long array.
“The Knights ave dust, their good
swords rust,
Ttieir souls aVe with the saints we
trust."
In my long acquaintance with the law
1 have scon each of the three methods
of selection of a judge used—appointment
by the governor and confirmation by the
senate: election bv the legislature: and
popular election. The first is undoubted
ly the best, and the latter the worst,
method.
As respects legislatuvs, who make
laws, and executive officers, who en
foree them, popular election accords
with the fundamental principle of rep
resentative government hut it is neither
n correct nor a sensible theory that
Judges should be so chosen.
Wo do not manage our private affairs
on tbe t rlnciple of selecting the most
popular man. but the best qualified man.
Sometimes the most skilful physician
may he brusque and austere, and yet
who but all idiot wou'd select his modi-,
i n! attendant for anything but bis medi
cal skill. The great function of a Judge
Is. as set out in his oath of office, to
“administer justice without respect to
person," and "do equal rights to tha
pool' uni the rich,” and to “faithfully
mid Impartially discharge" all his du
des. He must not fear the face of man,
nor respect money, nor flinch from his
diitv. to aid a friend'or hurt a foe. A
hand-shaking, pledge-giving, votfe-gei
ting Judge must almost of necessity come
upon the bench more or less tled-up and
tangled for and against people. It Is n
practical impossibility for him to have
the fairness and fearlessness of Sir Mat
thew Hale, a jinlße In the time of Oliver
Prom well, then master of England tin
ier the name of Lord Protector. Tak
ing up a case, he discovered that the
Protector was porsonallv Interested In it
and had commanded the sheriff to re-
Itirn a Jury which could be relied upon
,to find in IPs favor. Turning that ccg
THE AUGUSTA HERALD, AUGUSTA, GA
Hon. Salem Duteher
kinds of cases, thus saving largely in
court expenses, lessening the burden
of jury duty, and greatly simplifying
litigation. As things are now, the city
courts can only try some certain kinds
;of cases, while the Superior Courts
can try any kind of case, and the ques
| tion is why have two courts, two sets
of court officers and court expenses,
\ and double jury duty when one is am
! pie?
i Mr. Duteher is also the author of
| the dignified ceremonial now pursued
j in our courts where all present rise as
j the judge enters, in recognition of the
! majesty of the law, and remain stand
| ing till the sheriff makes proclamation
| that court is in session, when all bow
I respectfully to the bench and resume
their seats and the business of the
day opens.
In 1891 he codified the ordinances
of the city council of Augusta, reduc
ing to the brief compass of 119 pages
a bulk of municipal legislation then
extended to nearly 700, the concise
ness and orderly arrangement of this
j work making the model for subsequent
city codes.
j About the jjnie time, he was ap
i pointed by council as a board to pre
; pare a new charter for the city, and
{ delegated by the board itself to pre
pare a draft-tor it, but. owing to flie
many changes made in it, over its
, author’s protest, so much popular op-
I position manifested itself that it was
! never submitted to vote.
! Still another reform contended for
Iby Mr. D., aided by the late W. T.
| Davidson. Esq., was that the oldest
case should fee tried first, and, after
] much battliag, this just rule was
; adopted and.?how prevails, much to
j the lessen!ngTof the law’s delays,
i Mr. Duteher is still in active prac
| tiee, and a year or so since was en
j gaged in much litigation commonly
i called the “cost cases" for the county
'of Richmond. There were eleven of
i these cases nil hotly contested. The
I county w’on five arid lost five and in
ithe eleventh, the decision was In fa
j vor of the county to the extent of half
j the amount involved and against it
j for half. Where the county w r on,
i thousands of dollars aro annually sav
ed to the tax payers; where it lost, the
1 tax payers still have to pay, but only
until they see fit to demand the repeal
of the special laws which impose the
burden, but one case being beyond
their control.
i rapt jury out of doors, the brave old
judge refused io try tlio rase till a fair
jury hod been drawn according to law
“upon which the Protector was highly !
displeased with him.”
As lias been heretofore stated, it is !
! not of a vital, over-powering importance
that a Judge should be deeply learned,
j it Is highly desirable, but not altogether j
indispensable. The contending attorneys
are there, each to advance the law on ;
his side, and, thus enlightened, it is not. 1
! as a rule, difficult for the judge to de- i
termine where the right of the matter |
Is. But It is indispensable that lie i
■ should decide fairly.
] There is a wide-spread and growing
I belief in many parts of the United Slates
■ that judges generally do not hold up
■ well on this point, and the consequence
is that popular respect falls off and the I
cry of (lie Recall rises loud on the air. |
It is not well that this should be so.
, I-aw is the cement of society, and when
respect for its administrators fails, so
’ ciety suffers most seriously. And it suf
; fers, mark you, not only in moral, but
In material prosperity. Show me a land
i where human life Is cheap, and 1 will
show you one where everythig else Is
dear. Show nte a country noted for Its
strict Hdliereitce to law. and I will show
you one strong and prosperous. Look at
’ France, Germany, England. Holland. The
I citizen is safe there in life, person and
I property.
These are no new views. They are ns
old as the Institution of government and
inhere in the very nature of things
Every lawyer worthy of the name knows
them, but people generally, absorbed In
the struggle for elxstence, are apt to
be oblivious, and one duty of the bar Is
) to keep them alive and ever before them.
The famous orator. Demosthenes, was
; an advocate as well as an orator, and in
I one of his forensic addresses, delivered
some -'..T00 years ago but fortunately
preserved to us, thus treats the subject:
rvesently, when the Court rises,
every one of you sooner or later will
return home, not heeding, nor troubling
himself In the least. Whether a friend ot
fill enemy will cross his path, whether a
j small man or a mighty one a strong or
n weak. Wherefore so? Because he Is
I sure in his mind that the law Is Ms
! shelld, and under Its aegis none can hurt
j him."
But what gives ihe law Us strength?
| If any man be wronged and cry out In
be righted, will tiie laws run up and aid
j him? No; they arc but written wurd*.
and cannot do this. In what then con
sists their might? In the enforcing of
them; in tiie making of them effectual
for the benefit of those who need them.
Thus are tbe laws powerful by the peo
ple. and the people by the laws. You
should defend them, therefore, just tiie
same as you would defend yourselves
against injustice, and regard tiie wrongs
of the law, by whomsoever committed,
as matters of public concern; and there
should be no public services, no influ
ence, no contrivance, nothing whatso
ever. by which a man who has trans
gressed the laws can escape the penalty.”
Our civil laws are generally very good,
but our penal code has, for various rea
sons, become in need of revision; and I
regret to say that the judges of Georgia
seem disinclined to lend their aid to
Occupation Statistics For the 1). S.
At the 13th Census, Which Was Taken in 1910, There
Were 38,756,223 Persons 10 Years of Age and Over
Engaged in Gainful Occupations in the United States, In
cluding Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and the Military and
Naval Stations Abroad.
l . .. 1 .
New York. At the Thirteenth
Census (1910) there were 38,756,233
persons 10 years ol age and over en
gaged in gainful occupations in tha
United States, including Alaska, Ha
waii, Porto Rico, and the military and
naval staions abroad.,The gainful
workers thus iormed 41.5 per cent of
the total population (93,402,151) enu
merated at tiiat census. These fig
ures are contained in a report on oc
cupation which has just been publish
ed h.v Director William J.'Harris, of
the Bureau of the Census Department
of Commerce. The report was pre
pared under the supervision of Wil
liam C. Hunt, chief statistician for
population.
Gainful Workers in Continental U. S.
In continental United States alone
the gainful workers numbered 38,-
167,3;i6, wnich was 41.5 per cent of
the total population (91.972.2GG) and
53.3 per cent of the population 10
years of age and over (71.580,270.)
In the male population tne gainful
workers numbered 30,091,564, wb.ch
was G3.G per cent of all males and 81.3
of the males 10 years o; age and over.
In the female population, the gainful
workers numbered 8,076,772, wnich
was 18.1 per cent of all females and
23.4 per cent of the females 10 years
of age and over. Thus, in the total
population of the United States, over
two-fifths of all persons, considerably
over three-fifths of all tiie males, but
considerably less than one-lifth of ail
the femmes were engaged in gainful
occupations in 1910! and in the pop
ulation 111 years of age and over,
more than one-half of all persons,
over four-fifths of the males, but less
than one-fourth of the females, were
gainfully occupied. In other words,
of all persons 10 years of age and
over, in 1910, more than every otaer
one had a gain ul occupation; of the
males, over four out of five were
gainful workers, and of the females,
almost out out of four was a gainful
worker.
The proportion of the total popu
lation engaged in gainful occupations
increased gradually from 34.7 per
cent in 1880 to 41.5 per cent in 1910,
the increase being least rapid from
1890 to 1900 and most rapid from
1900 to 1910. Of the male population
the proportion engaged in gainful oc
cupation increased from 57.8 per cent
in 1880 to 63 3 per cent in 1910, while
of tne female population, the iropor
tion increased during the same period
fro 10.7 per cent to 18.1 per cent.
The proportion of the population
10 years of age and over engaged in
gainful occupations increased from
47.3 per cent in 1880 to 53.3 per ceni
in 1910, Ihe increase being least rapid
from 1890 to 1900 and most rapid
Ironi 1900 to 1910. In the male popu
lation 10 years of age and over the
proportion gainfully occupied increas
ed gradually from 78.7 per cent in
1880 to 81.3 per cent in 1910, while
the proportion of gainful workers in
the female populat on 10 years of age
and over increased from 14,7 to 23.4
per cent.
Mississippi Ranked First.
In the sevral states the proportion
of tne population 10 years of age and
over engaged in gainful occupations
in 1910 ranged from 46.9 per cent in
lowa to G 9 per cent in Mississippi
The states having the smallest pro
portion were lowa, 46.9 per cent;
Kansas, 47 per cent; Nebraska, 47-7
per cent; Utah, 47.9 per cent; and
Indiana, 48 per cent. The states hav
ing the largest proportions were
North Carolina, 60 per cent; Georgia,
61.5 per cent; Wyoming, 62.2 per
cent; Nevada, 64.3 per cent; Alaba
ma, 64.7 per cent; South Carolina,
67.6 per cent; and Mississippi, 68 per
cent. Except in three states-—Arizo
•. - v • • ' • ’ *s§*-•
: ;• . \ ' ' * V ;
Vm- ■ ’ 'C
a ■ ——- ■ -,i„n
this end. For over eighty years it has
been the law that they should annually
report suggestions for the emendation
of our criminal laws, but they h a ve al
lowed the statute to become a dead let
ter.
Jn 1911 I prepared a resolution which
was unanimously adopted by the general
assembly ' requesting each superior court
judge In the state to report to the gov
ernor by January Ist, till-, such de
fects, omissions, or imperfections in the
penal laws of this state as ills experi
ence may suggest, accompanying same
with any recommendation he have
for tiie improvement of said laws,” and,
bv enquiry of tbe executive office, learn
that not one single report was sent in!
All that was done was to have a sort
of mass meeting of the judges, which
shoved the affair off on a committee,
na, Montana and North Dakota—there
was an increase from 1900 to 1910 in
the proportion of the population 10
years of age and over engaged in
gainful occupations. The states
showing the largest increases were
Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Missis
sippi. Nevada, North Carolina, South
Carolina and Texas.
Agricultural Workers Lead.
Practically one-third (33.2 per cent)
of all gainful workers in the United
States in 1910 were engaged in agri
culture, forestry, and animal hus
bandry. and considerably more than
one-fourth (27.9 per cent) were en
gaged in manufacturing and mechani
cal industries. Thus over three-fifths
of all gainful workers were occupied
lr. these two general divisions of oc
cupations. The remaining two-fifths
of the workers were distributed
among the other seven large classes
o‘ occupations, namely, extraction of
minerals, transportation, trade, public
service, professional service, domes
tic and personal service, and clerical
occupations, no class furnishing em
ployment to as many as 10 per'cent
of all gainful workers. For the males
as for both sexes combined, agricul
ture, forestry, and animal husbandry
gave employment to the largest pro
portion of the gainful workers, 36.1
per cent, and manufacturing and me
chanical industries ranked second,
with 29 4 per cent. Domestic and
personal , service was the principal
field of employment for female work
ers in 1910, 31.3 per cent of them be
ing engaged in this branch of occu
pations, as compared with -22.4 per
cent in agriculture, forestry, and ani
mal husbandry, and 22.5 per cent in
manufacturing and mechanical indus
tries.
Distribution by Sex.
There were 30,091,564 males engag
ed in gainful occupations in continen
tal United States in 1910, as compar
ed with 8,075,772 females; that is, of
a total of 38,167,336 persons engaged
in all occupations in 1910, 78.8 per
cent were males and 21.2 per cent
were females. Of a total of 29,073,-
233 pei sons engaged in all occupa
tions in 1910, 81.7 ier cent were
males and 18.3 per cent were females.
In 1910 there were employed in ag
riculture. forestry, and animal hus
bandry 10.851,702 males and 1,807,501
lemales; in the extraction of min
erals, 963,730 males and 1,094 fe
males; in manufacturing and mechan
ical industries, 8,837,901 males and
1,820,980 females; in transportation,
2,531,075 males and 106,596 females;
in trade, 4,146,582 males and 468,088
females; in public service, 445,733
males and 13,558 femalesj in profes
sional service, 929.648 males and
733,885 females; In domestic and per
sonal service, 1,241,328 males and
2,530.846 females: and in clerical oc
cupations, 1,143,829 males and 593,224
females.
•These figures show that in 1910 do
mestic and personal service was the
only general division of occupation
in which the women outnumbered the
men, there being in this general di
vision more than t.wo women employ
ed to each man. In professoinal ser
vice there were four women employ
ed Tor every five men, a large propor
tion of the women being teachers.
In clerical occupations one-third of
the cersons were women; in manufac
turing and mechanical industries wo
men constituted one in six; in agri
culture, forestry, and animal hus
bandry, one in seven; and in trade
one in eight of the gainful workers.
Women constituted only 4 per cent of
the persons engaged in transporta
tion, 3 per cent of those engaged in
public service, and one-tenth of 1 per
cent of those engaged in the extrac
tion of minerals.
First Baptist Church, Augusta, Ga.
"AUGUSTA IM 19U”
which committee laid it away on th,
shelf, where I presume it still repoS
covered with dust and cob-webs. **
elf the members of the Augusta
of tiie present day I need say little Th»
a> t there to speak for themselves a 3
entirely capable of doing so. Quite !
hi mber of them are of the second an!
sc sne even of the 3rd or 4th generation a
lawyers. The younger members an
more numerous than they once were an
have as large a proportion of b’rirh'
minds as I have ever known. Their V
timate success is certain if they: Firat"
study and keep studying; and ' second!
stand like the rock of Gibraltar for theu
clients. The attorney stands in tha
place or "turn” of his client; he is the
man himself, and may do all the man
may honestly do “for the purpose ol
maintaining the cause.”
The Struggle For First ;
Place Much Closer In \
Major And Minor Leagues s
1
New York. —With the close of the pro.
fessional baseball season less than two
months away the pennant races in both
major and minor leagues are tightening 1
up in a remarkable manner when the
scores of associations are considered at
a whole. With a few exceptions here
and there the struggles for first places
are far closer than has been the rule
for several years. If the claim that this
is a poor financial season in baseball is
correct it is certain that the charge can
not be laid to one-sided flag races. In
the major leagues at least six clubs have
pennant chances, Philadelphia, Detroit
and Washington are all in the American
League race and the first four clubs in
the National organization all figure as
possible winners. The same situation
exists in the Federal and International
Leagues.
The race in the Class A. organizations
is also close. The Southern Association
pennant struggle is one of the most in
tereating in years, less than one hun
dred points separating the first six clubs.
In the Western League, Denver, St. Jos
eph, Lincoln and Sioux City are all
bundled and as season does not close
until September L’7th any one of these
clubs may prove the flag winner. Among
the Class B leagues the average is not
so close, New London has a good lead la
the Eastern Association; Dayton In the
Central League; Wilkes-Barre in the
New York State League and Davenport
in the Three I League. In the Texas
League Beaumont, Houston and Waco
are all in the race while Worcester,
Portland, Lawrence and Lynn have a
pennant chance in the New England
League.
The Class C. races are also proving
of much interest to the baseball fans ol
the respective league territories. Char
leston leads the South Atlantic race with
Albany having a fair chance if the lead
ers slow up for any r reason. The Vir
ginia contest is far closer for Norfolk,
Newport News and Richmond arc closely
grouped. Further north in the Wlscon
sin-Illlnois League five clubs are in the
flag race, there being hardly a hur.Jred
points between the first and fifth teams.
Bay City appears to have a safe lead in
the Sputli Michigan League while Winni
peg. Grand Forks and Virginia all have
a chance to win out before the season
closes o nLabor Day. The same can
be said of Fall River. New Bedford and
Pawtucket in the Colonial League while
London and Ottawa are leaders in the
Canadian League.
A Few Facts Regarding
the Different Sects
London.—ln Hampstead, the Fiatbush
of London, there are 1,606 women to ev
ery man, whereas in Chelsea, tlie atrlsts’
quarter, 46 per cent of a dominating
population of men are bachelors. On
the other hand, in Kensington, Where the
theatrical and vaudeville colony is lo
cated, 35 per cent of the women are
spinsters.
153,000 foreigners—exclusive of those
naturalized—live in this city and 63,000
of them are Russians. 27,000 of London’s
inhabitants are Welsh.
Stepney, one of the East End bor
oughs. has a foreign population of 56,000
and holds the record foe- big families,
with 4.46 persons on the average in each.
In Marylebone, which includes ultra
fashionable Mayfair, the average is only
3.11 persons in each family.
Only one-seventh of the total popula
tion of London has the parliamentary
vote, but. eliminating women and chil
dren, every other male adult—s 4 per cent
—can exercise the franchise.
There is seating accommodation in
London's theatres for 64,487 people and
In the vaudeville halls for 76,730. The
accommodation in the moving picture
houses is estimated to be In excess of
the above totals.
The busiest spot In fashionable Picca
dilly. the Broadway of London, for in
one check of twelve hours, 31,335 ve
hicles were counted and of these 21,613
were automobiles.
WASN’T POP MEAN?
She—l hear your father is very lib
eral with you.
He—Well, he gave me a liberal edu
cation and then told me to shift for my
self.