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THE
aimer - 'Ipcfisengcr.
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PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY
-BY
A. rEXJGIrAJF*. NTI3C.
“For a small nation,” exclaims the
Chicago News, “Chili can have more
fights and keep them going longer than
any country living.”
Mayor Matthews, of Boston, says
that in fifty years the majority of the
people of New England will bo of
Irish and French descent.
Four members of the new Senate,
and only four, were born beyond ibo
limits of the United Stutos. Senator
McMillan of Michigan, was born in
Hamilton, Ontario, and Senator Gal
linger of New Hampshire first saw
the light of day at Cornwell, in the
same province of Canada. Senator
Jones of Nevada was born in Here¬
fordshire, England, and Senator Pasco
»f Florida was born in London.
Now that Bancroft lias gone it is
tbe opinion of Edward W. Bok, of 11 e
New York Commercial Advertiser, (hat
Francis Parkrnan becomes the greatest
American historical writer, and the
announcement that the sixth part of
Mr. Parkinan’s great historical series
is nearly ready, possesses a degree of
unusual interest. This part will cover
the period from 1700 to 1748, and the
historian has collected a great mass of
unpublished material for it.
Humboldt, Kan., i3 a musical town
and posesses a young women’s mili¬
tary band that would be a credit to a
large city. The members are all wo¬
men except Prof. Hagee, the director,
and the oldest is only 20 years of age.
It is said they have attained a great
deal of proficiency, and play remark¬
ably well in time. It is not often that
women play the drum and tuba. But
women play those pieces in this band.
They are prettily uniformed, wear¬
ing helmets and blue dresses trimmed
with gold.
______
Statistics prepared '' by a Lotion
physician ■ . . show > • that in the ,, 1 cabody ,
buildings in that city the death rale is
lower than for London generally. On
the other hand, diphtheria, measles,
whooping cough and 6carlet fever
were more fatal in the building than
elsewhere over London—a fact ac¬
counted for by the facilities for per¬
sonal contact. No matter how excel
lent may be the sanitary arrangements
in dwellings, isolation, concludes the
New York World, can alone be relied
apon to check the spread of contagious
diseases.
According to figures furnished by
the United States Internal Revenue
Bureau, the amount of beer produced
in the United States during the year
1890 was enough to furnish every
man, woman and child with about half
a barrel each. The total amount in
barrels was 29,328,536, or 3,117,216
more than during the previous year.
New York leads with the largest pro¬
duction, viz., 8,910,674 barrels, with
Pennsylvania second, 3,016,557 bar¬
rels, and Illinois third, 2,504,807 bar¬
rels! The largest increase in any one
State was in Missouri, which produced
882,833 barrels more than in 1889.
Pennsylvania exceeded her previous
record by 482,695 barrels.
The “Wilna Catechism,” an official
text-book in Russian schools, contains
this passage: “Question—What do
we owe tbe Czar? Answer—Divine
reverence, obedience, payment of
taxes, military service, love, prayer;
long suffering, perfect and unlimited
obedience in every iespect, and the
most careful execution, without ques¬
tion or examination, of all his com¬
mands. Question—By whoso ex¬
amples are these teachings enforced?
Answer—By the example of Jesus
Christ, who lived and died as subjeet
of the Roman emperor, and submitted
respectfully to the ukase that con¬
demned him to death. We have also
the examples of the Apostles, who
loved the magistrates, bore patiently
imprisonment according to the Em¬
peror’s will, and did not rebel like
evildoers and traitors. Wc must fol¬
low tbeir example and endure all in
silence. ”
ALLIANCE TALKS.
NEWS OF THE ORDER FROM
ALL SECTIONS.
Items of Interest to Alliance
men Everywhere.
PRESIDENT POLK INTERVIEWED.
President Polk, of the National Far¬
mers’ Alliance, was interviewed by the
Atlanta Constitution a few days ago and
talked freely of the Alliance, its pro¬
gress, aims, hopes and achieved results.
On being questioned as to the progress
of the movement in those states which
he had just organized, President Polk
said: “The state organizations, which
we have effected in Iowa, Ohio and New
York, have been made up of the very
best material, and as an indicat on of the
spirit which actuates those people, the
State Alliance of Iowa, before it ad¬
journed, commissioned and equipped be¬
tween forty and fifty men, and started
them out from the city of Preston into
the field. In New York I.found the
same spirit. first-class That and organization enthusi¬ was
made up of very
astic material. I find among them the
very same complaint that I find all which over
the country—the scarcity of money,
gives them do price for tbeir products.
The theory of diversifying crops in those
localities that are tiibutary to large mar¬
kets and easy of access, with an idea to
making it profitable, is exploded, as is
proven by the abandoned farms of Massa¬
chusetts and other portions of New Eng¬
land, and the mortgaged farms of New
York. New Jersey eught to be the
richest state in America to-day, and yet
land all over that state in has depreciated
from 30 to 50 per cent, the last few r
years. In Ohio, when I was there not
long since, Governor Campbell depreciated said that
the lands of Ohio had in
value $8,000,000 in the past ten years.”
“How will the alliance affect the pol¬
itical relations of .the agricultural
classes?”
“In my judgment this movement ought
to eclipse all others with the farmers. I
think that if the farmer is true to him¬
self, to his country and to his family, he
ought to subordinate all other political
questions to this movement.
“What will be the effect of a failure
to agree to the farmers’ demands?”
“That will be the great propelling
power which will drive the farmer into
the third party. If their just claims
and just demands for simply nothing
more than their just rights be earth ignored
by other parties, no power on third can
keep is the farmer judgment. out of They a have party. reach¬
That my
ed a point where they must have relief,
aad I think that they have determined
that they will have it. I think that it
was unfortunate that the present parties
dld not pay more attention to the ap
peals of the American farmers in the
fifty-first congress. We are hoping for
something from the fifty-second.
“What is the most pressing question
before the people?”
“We want the next congress to devise
some system, and to so change the present
financial system of the government as to
furnish the country with an abundance
of currency to supply the legitimate de¬
mands of the business of the country,
which we cannot get so long as the cur¬
rency of the countiy is controlled by a
few men. I think that this is the para¬
mount question. in
“Silver legislation would be do a step be¬
the right direction, but unlimited we not coinage
lieve that free and
would give us all that is needed. We
want it, however, and are going to de¬
mand it. We are solid for that, and I do
not believe that there is a man belonging
to the industrial classes of the country
who will support any ticket that does not
stand solidly on the platform of unlimited
free silver coinage.”
On the presidential question President
Polk is of the opinion that the Alliance
will not , be , controlled - „ , by , either . , the , dem- ,
ocratic “What or republican third parties.
about the party conven
tl0 ^l n Cincinnati?”
? a ^ 18 ™ 1S: ^ is called
avowed,y , for the , purpose of considering
a third party movement. Of course, the
order, as an organization, can have noth
ing to do with it. Ihere will be, doubt
less, sufficient alhancemen number at m least, that.convention—a if they commit
any errors to have the enemies of the
alliance attribute it to the order. I am,
therefore, in favor of good, conservative present
men belonging to the order being
in that convention, with a view to keep
ing them from comm.tting any rash act
or doing anything premature. If it
does anything at all, in my judgment, it
should simply, refer the whole situation
to the people in theirprimary and sov
ereign capamty In other words, I do
not think that the conference would be
justified in sustaining or formulating and
anything except a conservative pa
tnot.c address to the people.
^ extends J0U n ° W
“Our jurisdiction -L, to thirty-six
££ , , iSz 'rrajScTS California . . have
fifty counties of organ¬
ized, with a membership of 30,000. They
are organizing very rapidly in the states have
of Washington and Oregon. We
no state organization in Delaware or New
Jersey, and some of the younger states
that have lately been admitted into the
union are without state the organizations.” idea
“What progress is subtreasury
making?” that subject is discussed,
“The more
the more the people think about it, the
more it grows upon them. We have
been anxious from the beginning to have
it discussed, and have challenged discus¬
sion. But no one has yet come forward
1 1 answer our arguments. I have seen it
stated that a m ijority of the people parsed in
sonjre of the southern states are op
to it. My own opinion is that in no
southern state is there a majority of the
people opposed to it. When 1 say the
people. I do not mean the alliaucemen
aloue, but the people. I have heard that
in Mississippi Senator George has been
forced to take the stump against it, and
what the result will be the election only
can tell. We hope to do away with a
great deal of unjust and discriminating
legislation. We want to restore agri¬
culture to its true position of dignity.
We want to bring to the front a purer
statesmanship than has "been seen for the
last quarter of a century, and to give to
all classes and all men an equal chance in
the race of progress.”
***
SUBJECTS FOR DISCUSSION.
The following list of subjects for dis¬
cussion for the use of Alliances and oth¬
er industrial organizations in of the coun¬
try, widely has been prepared desire that response to a
expressed some more
system uic study oi iuu gii at question. might
reform that now agitate ti e people
be arranged for and a looted:
1— What is money? Wnut arc the uses
of money?
2— Is money a commodity? In what
essentials does money differ from othei
commodities?
3— Who furnishes the money for this
country? Who ought to furnish it?
4— How should money he furnished
to the people? Ought money to he taxed?
5— Ought interest he paid for the use
of money? If so, how high a rate?
6— Could the business of this country
be transacted without money?
7— What is meant by the “Right of
Way?” Is it one of the natural rights
of the people? What are the highways?
8— What are public highways? What
are the privileges of the public in regard
to them ?
9— Are railways public highways?
Ought they to be?
10— -Who secures the rights of the
people in regard to public highways?
Who ought to secure the rights of the
people in regard to railroads?
11— Who controls the use of the high¬
ways, owns the bridges and improve¬
ments thereon? Who ought to own the
improvements on thefrailroads?
12— Should the railroads be owned by
the government? How much should the
people pay for their use?
13— -Who ought to own and control the
land of a country? What portion of the
land of this country belongs to the gov¬
ernment?
14— What part of the remainder be¬
longs to those who occupy it as homes?
Would it be better that the government
owned all the land?
15— Ought all the taxes be raised from
land? What land ought to be exempt?
16— Ought all taxes to be raised from
personal property? What personal prop¬
erty ought to be exempt?
17— Who ought to pay the taxes?
How should they<be levied? Who ought
to be exempt.
18— Ought the government to protect
its citizens? Which ought to be best
protected, the rights of persons or of
property? How should the
19— the revenues of
government be raised?
20— Who ought to vote?
21— What is the best system of voting?
22— What ought to be the principal
object of industrial organizations?
23— How can the meetings conducted? of the in¬
dustrial organization be best
24— How may the political power of
the jieople be best exerted?
* *
*
The following is an extract from Con¬
gressman Watson’s speech at an Alliance
rally held a few days ago at Thompson,
Ga .: “Of ihe Ocala platform there has
been much discussion. But let us see
what its plan contains. First an income
tax. An income tax paid us $73,000,000 million¬
annually. Sixteen years ago the
aires squealed so loud, however, that it
was repealed. These fellows ride about
in private cars and sail aiound tbe world
in private yachts. An income tax now
WO uld pay four times as much as then,
Then added to this would be $10,000,
ooOfrom whiskey and tobacco; $12,000,
000 to $15,000,000 from the express
companies, and $10,000,000 to $15,000
000 lrom the insurance companies,
That would give us more tban $ 400 ,000,
000 of reve nne, without taxing the
f arm ers a dollar. 2. To make tbe neces
saries of life free „f duty . 3 . To abol
jsh national banks. 4. To control or
own ra ii road8 . We should also control
or own tbe telegraph ^ and express com
Ip ies Tbere re our p riQC ipi £ e g
he man who ant
comtnunism is mistaken ’ and we
are not after a i one las8 ainst
another Again, £ we want $50 per capita
in circulatio That will make p We r i C es go
* and m J easier to get . is
- a other thing £ I waut to tell you. In
1873 our nat nal debfc was $ 4 ,000,000,
000 Wc have £ id over $3 ’ 000,000,000 4 ’
of it ’ but nn aci unt of the hri ng e 0 f
labo it will now take more to pay the
ba l ance than it would have taken origi
nally to have paid it all. The general
increase - D wealth has been about 4* per
cent. Capitalists get 8 per cent, but ** you
- *•»™»* getting all «■ of the
men of large means of are losing all.”
money, those small means
*
* *
TIIE REFORM FRESS.
The recent meeting held in Waco,
Texas, marks the introduction of a new
system in the educatioi«al work of the
Farmers’ Alliance. The regular annual
sessions of the different State Alliances
are business meetings. The reports of
all officers and committees must be re¬
ceived,. considered and acted upon.
Amendments and changes in the organic
and statutory laws must at each annual
session be carefully con-idered, fully dis
cu-sed and enacted. Officers are elected
an l State a large amount or work,pertaining and regulation to
the organization the
of county and district organizations dis
posed of. Perhaps no meeting ever hold
in the 8ti»te of Texas ever has been pro
ductive of as much good as this one will
be. Each delegate was encouraged by
the reports from all Other sections, and
all dissensions and discussion personalities and consider¬ was sub¬
ordinated to the
ation of economic depressed questions that condition promised
relief to the of
agriculture.
*
S'.
The Pacific Union Alliance (San Fran¬
cisco, Cul.,) says: S >me people do not
seem to be able to comprehend that the
law gives to money its measure of value
power; that full legal tender silver or
paper dollars will pay as many debts,
taxes, or duties, buy as many gold dol¬
lars us full legal tender gold dollars; or
that the intrinsic value is not the mcas
ure of value of a legal tender value. Full
legal tender coined silver money reduces
correspondingly which demand fot gold bank
money, of money changers or
money monopolists complain, of course
The statement that coinage of silver
would drive monev out of the country is
absurd, as United' States silver money
certificates of deposit, made a full legal
tender, command the same money value
as gold, for the reason they will buy as
much property, pay as much taxes as
gold money. Legal tender money, paper
or coin, gold or silver, redeems itself, for
the reason that a full legal tender silver
or paper dollar will buy a gold legal
tender dollar, for the reason that it is
possessed of the same legal measure of
value.
***
The Philadelphia Ledger says: “Any
consideration given to the question of
presidential probabilities in 1892 would
be valueless which did not take into seri¬
ous account the Farmers’ Alliance move¬
ment. From a mere sneck upon the
western political horizon it has, with
wonderful rapidity, grown to be a great
cloud, which the astute political leaders
of both parties arc watching with anxi¬
ety, noi wnouy uumixcu witu alarm.
Through the West and through the South
the movement has advanced with remark -
able celerity, gaining enormous numerical
force day bv day. Latterly it has found
supporters in both the middle and eastern
states, and legislation bearing the Alli¬
ance trade mark has been introduced not
only in congress, but in almost every legis¬
lature, including that of Pennsylvania.’
ail
Kentucky Farm (Shepherdsville, Ky.)
saj’s: “Iu 1850 the agriculturists of
America owned over 70 per cent of the
wealth; to-day they own 24J per cent
and pay 80^ per cent of every dollar that
is collected in taxes. No wonder they
are organizing and bonding together for
the purpose of securing the life of the
republic and the liberties of the people.
The closing years of this century will
witness the mightiest economic and in¬
dustrial revolution that history will prob¬
ably ever be called upon to record, a rev¬
olution that will attest the virtue,
manhood, patriotism and love of liberty
of every laborer of this country.”
*** Associa
The Farmer’s Mutual Benefit
tion Assemblies throughout Illinois have
been holding meetings recently, and are
bent on receiving more money for the
wheat crop of 1891. They are calling
on associations throughout the country
to pass resolutions similar to theirs as
follows: ‘‘Resolved. T-hat we combine
and demand no less than $1.25 a bushel
oi our wheat crop of 1891.”
ihey expect, to have frequent and nu
rnerous meetings, and firmly declare they
wi 1 have this price for the wheat cr it
\u never move.
***
Free Speech (Hamburg, Iowa) says:
“With the farmers of the country united
to purify government, from rely president it
down to county, we may upon be¬
ing done. They will make some mis¬
takes, but that is to be expected; every¬
body that does anything makes mistakes,
but they are the ones that get there.
They are already making the cold chills
run up the backs of the boodlers, and
the work is only begun.”
***
Tbe Chickasaw Messenger, (Okolona,
Miss.) is greatly encouraged by the evi¬
dences he saw of the harmony, zeal and
determination pervading Alliance ranks.
The divisions among Alliance men, so
often heard in the partisian press, are not in
patent to even a careful observer
Southwest Mississippi.
***
The Alliance Farmer, Atlanta, Ga.,
says: “There is no denying the fact
that a majority of the residents of our
cities and towns are arrayed against the
Alliance, and so long as this state of
affairs exists the farmers will be arrayed
against the towns.
The Cook county Signal (Gainesville,
Texas) says: “The Alliance'is sweeping
the whole state of Texas, not only in the
country, but in the cities, towns and
villages.”
*** meeting
A call has been issued for a of
the National Reform Press Association, to
be held at Cincinnati May 18th.
*
* *
No man can serve two masters. Who¬
ever is not for us is against us. Remem¬
ber your vows.
He Confessed.
A Toledo, O., di-patch says: William
H. Cook, clerk of the police court, was
arrested Saturday night, on a warrant
■worn out by Mayor Emmich, charging
him with embezzling $10,000 and Cook
has been one of the most popular republi¬
cans iu Toledo. He broke down and
confessed to the mayor that he was short
in his accounts aud could not say how
much; it might be $20,000 or $25,000.
THE COTTON OIL INDUSTRY,
Gigantic Strides of the Business
Since 1880
The Manufacturers' Record of last
week, publidies a list of every cotton
seed oil mill in the South, giving the
name, location and capicity of each.
This report shows that there are now 11)4
mills with n capital of over $20,000,000,
against forty mills with a capital of $3,-
500,000 in 1880. Forty of these mills
have established fertilizer factories in.
cannoction with their oil, using the cot¬
ton seed meal as a basis for manufactur¬
ing fertilizers. Reviewing this industry,
The Manufacturers' Itecord says; “It was
but a few years ago when the
cotton seed was an incumbrance
and when the farmers had to
. tbera 'wherever , they . hail , waste
!* m P R f that, to little
P‘ ace - 19 rue some ex
t( ! nt ’ thelr value as a fertilizer was recog
mzed J and here and thero a few wero
’
U9G d for that purpose; but they counted
uothln S adding to the wealth of tho
or to the prosperity of the southern
farmer - The increase in the mills has
been & reater hi the size and quality thau
ln number. Many of the oil mills that
were badI y constructed and fitted with
antiquated machinery have been aban
doned > and business has been concen
trated in newer and more thoroughly
equipped mills. The cotton oil trust has
pursued this policy and has ceased to
operate a number of mills that it pureh
BUSINESS REVIEW.
Dim & Co.’S Report for the Past
Week.
R. G. Dnn & Co. report some weak¬
ness in the stock market, caused by the
continued drain of gold to Europe—the threat
drain being caused by the Russian
to withdraw the deposit of gold of that
country from England, France and Ger¬
many, and the demand for gold by the
German bankers. But they say that thi3
drain comes at a time when
the New York market can
spare gold with less inconveience
than at other times, as the continuous is¬
sue of silver notes make the withdrawal
from circulation less felt. Thero has
been a great decline in wheat, amounting
to 15 cents per bushel in as many days,
while corn has declined 3J- cents. Iron
is a shade higher, with an improved de¬
mand for pig. Wool is scarce, and
manufacturers not inclined aclively until
the new clip comes forward freely. At
Philadelphia fine wool is2 cents lower and
trade in liquors, tobacco, oil and cigars is
quiet, in drugs good, and in chemicals
and jewelry fair with an improvement in
paints. On the whole, while the present
trade is not quite as active as usual, the
outlook would be highly encouraging
but for the foreign monetary uncer¬
tainties.
The failures of the week number 212.
For the corresponding week of last year
the figures were 185.
COTTON CULTURE.
OI thG Condition OI tnG
Plant fOP May.
The May cotton report of the depart
of agriculture at AVashingtou, is
ed Saturday, relates to the progress of
breadth The proportion of the the pro
already planted on 1st
f May was 75.5 per cent, which is less
than the average of a series of years,
Many correspondents report planting one
two weeks late, especially late in North
Carolina and Tennessee. Fully one-third
ot - tbe area y £t to be seeded north of the
gulf states, from Georgia west to Texas,
the state averages vary only 2 or 3 per
cent. The figures are as follows:' Vir¬
ginia, 55 per cent; North Carolina, 63;
South Carolina, 78; Georgia, 80;
Florida, 92; Alabama, 80; Mississippi,
77; Louisiana, 78; Texas, 79; Arkansas,
76; Tennessee, 71. The delay is due, in
all sections of the cotton belt, to exces¬
sive rainfall in February and March,
which made early plr/ghing impractica¬
ble, and to a very general deficiency in
April, rendering the soil dry and cloddy,
and hindering germination. The seed
bed, as a rule, has been imperfectly pre¬
faced, and is in a relatively poor condi¬
tion. This may depend somewhat on
the opportunity for completing the area
during this month, and the prospective
pr fits of a large breadth of cotton.
WILL REORGANIZE.
Westing-house Electric Compa¬
ny Under New Manag-ers.
A Pittsburg, Pa , dispatch of Suaday
organization says: Negotiations looking to the re¬
of the Westinghouse Electric
Company will now be brought to issue,
providing the carried stockholders agree. Tfie
plan is to be out by a syndicate,
composed of August Belmont, the New
York banker, Charles Fairchild, of Lee,
IIig.:inson & Co., and Brayton Ives,
president of the Western National Bank,
of New York, who with Henry D. Hyde, Insur¬
pre-ident of the Equitable Life
ance ley, Company; Marcellus Hart
of Hartley & Graham, of
New York, and Charles Fracis
Adams, of Boston, have agreed
to become members of the board
of directors upon completion of the or¬
ganization. The syndicate above referred
t >, with certain creditors of the company,
hi ts agreed to take $3,0t)0,000 of 7 per
cent, preferred stock, upon the assent @f
the stockholders to the plan, which com¬
prises the following propositions: The
present authorized capital, $10,000,000, out¬
is Rot to be increased; holders of
$7,000,000, standing stock, amounting to about
all of which is common stock,
are to surrender 40 per cent, of their
holdings into the treasury.