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GREAT FIELDS.
SEARCHING- POE TH'0 G0K3 III
SOUTH AFRICAN MTNS3.
Immense Holes Thirteen Acres in
Extent aiul 450 Feat Deep—Pre¬
cautions Against Theft.
Writing about the diamond mines of
Kimberley, South Africa, Randolph
Churchill says in the New York Herald:
The De Beers and the Kimberley
mines are probably the two big¬
gest holes which greedy man has ever
dug into the earth, the area of the for¬
mer at the surface being thirteen acres,
with a depth of 450 feet, and the area
.and depth of the latter being even
greater.
These mines are no longer worked
irom the surface, but at shafts sunk at
some distance from the original holes,
and penetrating to the blue ground by
transverse drivings at depths varying
from live hundred to twelve hundred
feet. The blue ground when extracted
is carried in small iron trucks to the
* ‘floors.” These are made by remove
ing the bush and grass from a fairly level
piece of ground, the land is then rolled
and is made as hard and as smooth a 3
possible. These “floors” are about six
hundred acres in extent. They are cov¬
ered with blue ground to the depth of
about a foot, which for a time remains
on them without much manipulation.
The heat of the sun and moisture soon
have a wonderful'effect upon it. Large
pieces which were as hard as ordinary
sandstone when taken from the mine
soon commence to crumble. At this
stage of the work the winnowing of the
diamonds assumes more the nature of
farming than of mining the ground; the
ground is continually harrowed to assist
pulverization by exposing the larger
pieces to the action of the sun and rain.
The blue ground from Kimberley mine
becomes quite well pulverized in three
months, while that from De Beers re¬
quires double that time. The longer the
ground remains exposed tne better it is
for washing. The process of exposure
being completed the blue ground is then
carried to a very large, elaborate and
costly washing machine, in which by
means of the action of running water the
diamonds are separated from the or¬
dinary earth. It may be mentioned that
in this process one hundred loads of blue
ground are concentrated into one load
of diamond if erous stuff.
Another machine called the“pulsator”
then separates this latter stuff, which
appears to be a mass of blue and dark
colored pebbles of all shapes, into four
different size3, which then pass on to
the sorters. The sorting is done on
fables, first while wet by white men,
and then when dry by natives, The
assorters work with a kind of trowel and
their accuracy in detecting and separat¬
ing the diamonds from the eight differ¬
ent kinds of mineral formation which
reaches them is almost unerring. The
diamond occurs in all shades of color,
from deep yellow to blue white, from
deep brown to light brown, and in a
great variety of colors, green, blue,pink,
brown, yellow, orange, pure white and
opaque. The most valuable are the
pure white aud the deep orange. “The
stones vary in size from that of a pin’s
head upward, the largest diamond yet
found weighed 428 1-2 carats. It was
cut and exhibited at the Paris Exhibi¬
tion, and after cutting weighed 22S 1-2
carats.
After the assorting, the diamonds are
sent daily to the general office under an
armed escort, and delivered to the valu¬
ators in charge of the diamond depart¬
ment. The first operation is to clean the
diamonds of any extraneous matter by
boiling them in a mixture of nitric aud
sulphuric acids. When cleansed they
are carefully assorted again in respect to in
size, color and parity. The room
the De Beers offiee where they are then
displayed offers a most striking sight.
It is lighted by five large windows, un¬
derneath which runs a broad counter
covered with white sheets of paper on
which are laid out inumerable glistening
heaps of precious stones of indescrib¬
able variety. In this room is concen¬
trated some sixty thousand carats, the
daily production of the consolidated
mine being about five thousand five hun¬
dred carats. When the diamonds have
been valued they are sold (in parcels) to
local buyers, who represent the leading
diamond merchants of Europe.
The size of a parcel varies from a few
thousaud to tens of thousands of carats;
in one instance two years ago nearly a
quarter of a million of carats were sold
in one lot to one buyer.
The company sustains a considerable
loss annually, estimated now at from ten
to fifteen per cent, from diamonds being
stolen from the mines by natives and
others. To check this loss extraordi¬
nary precautions have been resorted to.
The natives are engaged fora period ol
three months, during which time they
are confined in a compound surrounded
by a high wall. On returning home from
their day’s work they have to strip off
all their clothes, which they hang on
pegs in a shed. They then proceed to
the searching room where their mouths,
their hair, their toes, and every portion
of their bodies are subjected to an elab¬
orate examination. White men would
never submit to such a process, but the
native sustains the indignity with cheer¬
ful equanimity, considering only She
high wages which he earns. After pass¬
ing through the searching room they
pass to their apartments in the com¬
pound, where they find blankets in
which .to wrap themselves for the night,
Daring the evening the clothes which
they have left behindthem are carefully
and minutely searched and are restored
to their ownors in the morning.
In addition to these arrangements a
law of exceptional rigor punishes with
great severity illicit diamond buying,
known in the slang of South Africa as
I. D. B.-ism. Under this statute tho
ordinary presumption of law in favor of
the accused disappears aud an accused
person has to prove his innocence in the
clearest manner instead of the accuser
having to prove his guilt. Sentences
are constantly passed on persons con¬
victed of this offense ranging from five
to fifteen years. It must be admitted
that this tremendous law is in thorough
conformity with South African senti¬
ment, which elevates I. I). B.-ism alomst
to the level if not above the level of
actual homicide. If a man, walking in
the streets or in the precincts of Kimber¬
ley) were to find a diamond and were
not immediately to take it to the Regis
trar to restore it to him aud to have the
fact of its restoration registered he would
be liable to a punishment of fifteen years’
penal servitude. In order to prevent
illicit traffic the quantities of diamonds
produced by the mines are reported to
the detective department both by the
producers and the exporters.
All diamonds except those which pass
through illicit channels are sent to Eng¬
land by registered post, the weekly
shipments averaging from forty thousaud
to fifty thousaud carats. The greatest
outlet for stolen diamonds is through the
Transvaal to Natal, where they are
shipped by respectable merchants who
turn a deaf ear to any information from
the diamond fields to the effect that they
are aiding the sale of stolen property.
The most ingenious ruses are resorted to
by the illicit dealers for conveying the
stolen diamonds out of Kimberley.
They are considerably assisted by the
fact thut the boundaries of the Transvaal
and of the Free State approach within
a few miles of Kimberley, and once
across the border they are comparatively
safe. Recently, so I was informed, a
notorious diamond thief was seen leav¬
ing Kimberley on horseback for the
Transvaal. Convinced of his iniquitous
designs he was seized by the police on
the border and thoroughly searched.
Nothing was found on him and he was
perforce allowed to proceed. No sooner
was he well across the border than he,
under the eyes of the detectives, delib¬
erately shot and cut open his horse, ex¬
tracting from the intestines a large par¬
cel of diamonds which previous to the
journey had been administered to the un
fortunate animal in the form of a hail.
WISE WORDS.
The idea is the fact.
Poetry is the breath and spirit of all
knowledge.
Nearly everything that a man likes to
do is bad for him.
Modesty always charms, but it does
not always capture.
Prudence in a woman should be an in¬
stinct, not a virtue.
High and excellent seriousness is one
of the grand virtues of poetry.
The love of glory can only create a
hero; the contempt of it creates a great
man.
Theologians resemble dogs that gnaw
large bones for the sake of very little
meat.
If every man would try to reform him¬
self less effort would be required in re¬
forming others.
A rich man dispise3 those who flatter
him too much, and hates those who do
not flatter him at all.
Life, to a young man, is like a new
acquaintance, of whom he grows dis¬
gusted as he advances in years.
If you wish to appear agreeable in so¬
ciety you must consent to be taught
many things which you know already.
There is no better preventive of nerv¬
ous exhaustion than regular, unhurried
muscular exercise. If we could moder¬
ate our hurry, lessen our worry and in¬
crease our outdoor exercise, a large pro¬
portion of nervous diseases would be
abolished.
The battle of life has to be fought,and
is unavoidable; but the weapons it has
to be fought with, the spirit which is to
guide iought the combatant, the object to be
for, and the kind of victory to be
won, these are all to a large extent with¬
in the discretion of every individual sol¬
dier.
The body fashions itself more or less
after the intents of the mind. Just as a
man's character gradually stamps itself
upon his face, so, literally, docs his hab¬
itual conduct impress itself upon each
organ and tissue of his body. In order
to perfect health, then, it is clear that
we must begiu in the region of the in¬
tellect.
Growth of the Finger-Nails.
The growth of the nails is more rapid
in children than in adults, aud slowest
in the aged. It goes on more rapidly in
summer than in winter, so that the same
nail that requires 132 days to renew it¬
self in winter would do the same work
in 116 days in the summer. The in¬
crease for the nails of the right hand is
more rapid than the left. It also varies
in the different fingers, the variation
being so as to correspond with the
length of the finger. Thus, it is most
rapid in the middle finger, nearly equal
in the index and the ring fingar,
slower for the little finger, but slowest
in the thumb.
HOUSEHOLD AFFAIRS.
KITCHEN TABI.es.
.
An . excellent kitchen table which
upon
to set pots and kitchen utensils is mod
erately low, made of strong wood, and
covered and bound with zinc. The same
table will be found useful to rest the
marble pastry slab on, as it is so low that
the pastry worker cau readily roll and
fold her pastry with that deftness ueces
sary to success, Sucli a table cau be
made by any cabinet maker at a reason¬
able expense, or even by any home car¬
penter. It is found in many wealthy
kitchens, where it is known as the but¬
ler’s table, but it is rarely seen in our
ordinary American homes.— New York
Tribune.
BROILED CHICKEN.
Only very young chickens are gooff
broiled. After they are dressed and
singed, split open on the back, wash
them, wipe dry, aud sprinkle a little salt
■ inside all dip piece of cloth
over, a into
soft butter aud grease the fowl well, then
dust just a little Hour or fine cracker
crumbs over it aud place on a wire broiler
(breast down) over a good coal or hard
wood fire; a hot bed of coals is best;
turn the broiler often. When nicely
| browned on both sides, which should be
in fifteen minutes, put in dripping pau
five or ten minutes in a hot oven, season
with butter and salt if it needs more aud
pepper if you wish. Remove to warm
platter and serve.— New York Observer.
GREEN CUCUMBER PICKLES.
First cut them from the vine-bearing
part of the stem, with the cucumber,
wash them clean, rubbing off all specks.
Be careful not to bruise them. Then
take your jar or keg, have it clean, but
dry, put in a thin layer of salt, then put
in your cucumbers, say one gallon at a
time. You can use more or less as suits.
Then put on them dry salt, sufficient to
make brine to cover them, put a good
weight on them; in a jar of five or six
gallons use a plate, and a heavy limestone
rock. Then tie a cloth over them, and
set them in a eool place. Repeat this
each time you pick your cucumbers,
which should be every other day. Be
careful not to put water in them, and
you will have good pickles.— New Yorl
Voice.
CLEANING COLORED WOOLENS.
Four ounces of white castile soap, four
ounces of ammonia, two ounces of alco¬
hol, two ounces of glycerine. Shave the
soap in one quart of water over the fire.
When dissolved add four quarts of rain
water, and when nearly cold the other
ingredients. Bottle and keep in a cool
place. One cup of this mixture in two
quarts of water will be sufficient for or¬
dinary use. Now lay the goods on an
old sheet, aud iron rapidly and lightly
on the wrong side, and then roll tightly
on a curtain pole or any round piece of
wood. If this is carefully done you do
away with the creases made by folding.
For black silk or cloth dissolve one table¬
spoonful of borax and one tablespoonful
of indigo in one pint of warm water.
Sponge the pieces well and lay smoothly
one above the other, and, if possible,
put in the sun to dry.— Arkansan
Traveler.
STALE BREAD.
The number of nice, tempting dishes
that may be prepared from stale bread is
manifold, says the Detroit Free Press.
They may be made very tempting and
actually devoid of the appearance of try.
ing to be economical.
Quick Pudding—Line the baking pan
with slices of bread and cover them with
fresh berries, when in season, or with
canned fruit or stoned peaches in winter;
add a second layer of bread and fruit,
and pour over it a thin sauce. Then put
into the oven to remain long enough to
heat through.
Nuggets—Cut pieces of bread into
cubes, diamonds, squares, or any shaps
your knife may happen to devise for you,
being careful to have them all small,
not more than an inch in diameter. Put
these pieces carefully in a pan (without,
breaking), and set in a moderately warm
oven. Let them remain until a light
blown, but at the same time well dried
out. Serve while hot; they may be
eaten with butter or in tea, and will be
found an-excellent substitute for crack¬
ers and far more tempting. They are
very nice for tea.
Bread Omelet—Beat well one egg and
stir it into a pint of milk; add a pinch
of salt. Break into small pieces tho
bread, but do not mash it, and drop
into the milk. Pour it into a frying pan,
in which there is a plentiful amount of
melted butter. When brown, turn ovei
as you would potatoes, until the pieces
are brown all over. This makes a nice
breakfast dish and can be prepared in a
few minutes.
Baked Dressing—Put your bread to
soak, and when soft mash well. Then
add one egg, a spoonful of butter, a lit¬
tle chopped onion and salt and pepper to
taste. Pour into a shallow pan and
smooth the top all over, then butter to
insure a nice brown. Bake for a half
hour, and you have a wholesome dinner
dish.
Buttered Toast—Butter the slices of
bread just as you would to be eaten. Then
place in a hot oven. They will
brown very quickly, and the bread
be soft instead of hard, as toast us¬
ually is.
____
An ostrich’s egg weighs about foul
pounds—equal to forty hens’ eggs.
Avoid This Girl.
She is the girl who takes you off in one
corner aud tells you things that you
wouldn’t ropeat to your mother,
She is the girl who is anxious to have
J I you secret,” join ami a party which,because which is to be p"oplo “a dead
at arc
free and easy, you are uneomfo t t >le and
wish you were at home,
l She is tho girl who tries to induce you
! “iust for fun” to smoke a cigarette or to
take a glass of wine, and you don’t know,
and possibly she doesn’t, that many of
the sinners to-day committed their first
sins “just for fun.”
She is tho girl who persuades you that
to stay at home aud care and love your
own, to help mother and to have your
pleasures at home and where the home
people can see them, is stupid and tire¬
some, and that spending the afternoon
walking up and down the street, looking
at the windows and the people, is “just
delightful.”
She is the girl who persuades you that
slang is witty, that a loud dress that at¬
tracts attention is “stylish,” and that
your own simple gowns are dowdy and
uudesirable. She doesn’t know, nor do
you, how many women have gone to de¬
struction because of their love for fine
clothes.
She is the girl who persuades you that
to be on very familiar terms with three
or four youDg men is an evidence of your
charms and fascination, instead of being,
as it is, an outward visible sign of your
perfect folly.
Tramp—“Have you change for half a
dollar?”
Gentleman—“Yes. Whero’s the half
dollar?”
Tramp—“I haven’t any, but I thort if
you had change for a half dollar, you
might have a dime or two All fer the a poor man I
wot’s seen better days. hadn’t gents
have asked fer help said they any
change.”— Street <& Smith's Good News.
J. S. PARKER, Fredonia, N. Y., says: “Shall
not call on you for the $100 reward, for I be¬
lieve Hall’s Catarrh Cure will cure any case of
catarrh. Was very bad.” Write him for
particulars. Sold by I ru ;gists. 75c.
Twelve bun dred commissions are vacant in
the English volunteer army.
FITS stopped free by Dr. Kline’s Great
Nerve Restorer. No Fits after first day’s
use. Marvelous cures. Treatise and $2 trial
bottle free. Dr. Kline, 931 Arch St„ Phila., Pa.
Jfafflicted with sore eyes use sell Dr. ntfflc Isaac Thomp¬ bottle.
son’s Eye-water.Druggists per
ONB ENJOYS
Both the method and results when
Syrup and refreshing of Figs is taken; the it is and pleasant
gently to taste, acts
Liver and yet promptly Bowels, on the Kidneys, the
cleanses sys¬
tem effectually, dispels colds, head¬
aches and fevers and cures habitual
only constipation. remedy Syrup its kind of Figs is the
or ever pro¬
duced, pleasing to the taste and ac¬
ceptable its action to and the truly stomach, beneficial prompt its in
tfi.
effects, prepared only from the most
healthy and agreeable substances, its
many excellent qualities commend it
to all aud have made it the most
popular Syrup remedy of Figs known. is for sale in 50
j
and $1 bottles by all leading drug¬
gists. Any reliable druggist who
may not have it on hand will pro¬
cure it promptly for any one who
wishes to fey it. Do not accept aaj
substitute.
CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP CO.
* SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
.
LOUISVILLE. KY. NEVH YORK. N.Y.
$50 than BURE REWARD HAVANA Cuttings ocher will to sou any In detect who To¬ per- tho
bacco
fillers of our DON’T brand of cigars. cigar
mm 10 buy can cents. a get borr 10 cent as Many good smokers a one when ,u pr9fw for now you g '
ecca to cent cigars.
W. B. JEXLIS & CO.,
WINSTON, NORTH CAROLINA.
KING COTTON
Buyer8ell your Cotton * n JONES
M 0 * 5-Ton Cotton Scale.
m, M1 NOT cheapest but best.
U9 wlk H Kj M J0NEG For OF terms BINGHAMTON, address
▼ w BINGHAMTON. N. Y.
■piSO’S REMEDY FOR CATARRH.—Best. A is Easiest certain. to use. For
-L cheapest. Relief Is immediate. cure
Cold in the Head it lias no equal.
.. V A A
It Is an Ointment, oi which a small particle is mall. applied to the is ufl
nostrils. Price, 50c. Address. Sold by driurgists K. T. IIazeltine. or sent by Warren. Pa. Ht
vm CHICHESTER’S ENGLISH, RED CROSS DIAMOND BRAND JS
5 ! THE ORIGINAL AND GENUINE. The Diamond only Safe, Brand Sure, in Red and reltable and Gold Pill metallic for sale. VfSp \y
j/tdle/f, ask Druggist for Chichester's English kind. Refuse Substitutions Imitations. v
Healed with blue ribbon. Take no ©tker and
All pills in pasteboard boxes, pink wrappers, are dangerous counterfeits. At Druggists, or send
in stamps for particulars, testimonials, and CHICHESTER “Kelief for Ladle*,” in letter, Madison by return MatL
0,000 Testimonials. Name Papon, CHEMICAL HILADEL CO., Square*
Hold by oil Local RruggUt* __P PHIA. A, ^
Es BRYANT & STRATTON O U1S Business V! L L E. College K,Y.
jfp -r *
vJ /
?
COBVfilCHT I0il
A woman who can se&
She’s the woman who gets well.
It’s the woman who won't see anil
won’t believe who has to suffer.
And it’s needless. There’s a
medicine—a legitimate medicine —
that’s made to stop woman’s suf«
fering and cure woman’s ailments.
It’s Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Prescrip¬
tion. It’s purely vegetable and
perfectly harmless well — uterine, a powerful
general, as as tonio
and nervine, imparting vigor and
strength to the whole system. For
periodical pains, weak back, bearing
down sensations, nervous prostra¬
tion, and all “ female complaints,”
it’s a positive remedy. It improves
digestion, enriches the blood, dispels
aches and pains, melancholy and
nervousness, brings refreshing sleep,
and restores health and strength.
No other medicine for women is
guaranteed, as this is. If it fails to
give satisfaction, in any case, the
money paid for it is refunded. You
pay only for the good you get. 0»
these terms it’s the cheapest.
But more than that, it’s the best.
P 1 BTT IS FREIGHT.
A Great Offer that may not delay. again
be repeated, so do not
“Strike while the Iron Is Hot.”
Write for Catalogue now', and say what
paper you saw this Advert isement in.
Remember that home—manufacturing I sell everything that
goes to furnish a
some things and buying others in the
largest possible lots, which enables me to
wipe out all competition. few' Start¬
Here are a of my
ling Bargains: full
A No. 7 Flat Top Cooking Stove,
size, 15x17 inch oven, fitted with 21 pieces
of ware, delivered at your own depot, all
freight charges paid by me, for only
Twelve Dollars. sell 5-hole Cooking
Again, i will inch you a 18x26 inch top,
fitted Range, 13x13 oven, of for Thir¬
with 21 pieces ware, the
teen Dollars, and pay freight to
vour Do depot. two prices for
not pay
your goods. Parlor
I will send you a nice plush combination Suit,
walnut frame, either in or
banded, the most railroad stylish station, colors, freight for
ail $33.50, to your
I paid. will nice Bedroom Suit,
also sell you a
consisting of Bureau with glass, Centre 1 high
head Bedstead, 1 Washstnnd, Cane 1
Table, 4 Cane Seat Chairs, $16.50, 1 Seat and
freight Back Rocker, all depot. for and pay
to your
Or 1 will send you an elegant Bedroom
Suit, $30, with and large glass, freight. full marble top,
for pay
Nice Window Shade on spring Clock.... roller 8 .40
Elegant large Walnut 8-day 4.00
Walnut Lounge............................ 7.00
Lace Curtains describe per window.............. 1.00
I cannot everything in a small
advertisement, but have an immense
S(ore with warehouses containing 22,600 ft. of buildings floor room,
aud factory in
other parts of Augusta, making in all the
largest business of this kind under one
management in the Southern States.
These stores and warehouses are crowded
with the choicest productions of the best
factories. My catalogue containing illus¬
trations of goods where will be mailed this if you
will kindly sav you saw adver¬
tisement. I Pay Freight. Address
Xj F. PADGETT,
i PROPRIETOR
Ij; Padgett’s Furniture, Stove
I- AND CARPET STORE,
S'! 1110-1113 Broad 8t., AUGUSTA, GA.
SMITH’S WORM OIL
In Undoubtedly the Best, Quickest, mid
Most Reliable Worm Medicine Sold.
l'ALMETTO, the Ga. of Sept. 24, 1890. I
I certify that on 19th September
commenced giving my child, 20 months old,
Smith’s Worm inches Oil, and long, the following expelled day from 23
worms, 4 to 6 were
it. S. W. Long.
Sn(d Everywhere. 25 Ceuta.
'4? " ■* IRB and Whiskey Hahlta
MB cured at home with
Ss! $| ar i A 19 M ft- M out ticulars pain. sent Book FREE. of par
NSlr B.M. WOOLLEY,M.D.
Atlanta. «a. Office 10434 Whitehall St.
ENSIONSj-Due all SOLDIERS! \ dis
anled. $2 Fke (or increase. A. W. Met'ORMICK 26 year, experience. <fc
White fob Laws.
SONS, Washington, D. O. £ Cincinnati, O.
SICK Weak, Nbbtocs, Wuetchkd mortals get
well and keep well. Health Helper
tells how. 50 CIS. a year. Buffalo. Sample N. Y. copy
tree. Dr. J. H. DYE. Editor.
W. T. Fftzareraldv
WdMhinjrton, 40-page book D. gm. C.
A. N. U ’91