Newspaper Page Text
VOL. IV
L&sme
tn summer can be prevented
by taking
Scott’s EmuHsion
Its as benef icial in summer as
In winter. If you are weak or
run down, it will build you up.
Stud for free sample.
SCOTT & BOWNE, Chemists,
409-415 l-earl Street, New York.
50c. aud fji.oo; all druggists.
ABOUT FERTILIZATION
CONCERNING THE SOIL. AND ITS
RELATION TO ATMOSPHERIC
CONDITIONS.
REGARDING PLANT LIFE
Important Subject of Interest to All
Agriculturists Further Discussed
by Georgia State Chemist.
letter no. 2.
All living things, both plant and ani-
mal, may be traced back to two sources,
the soil and the atmosphere. In the
last analysis every particle of which
rived they are composed must have been de-
either from the air or the earth,
The food derived from the air is by fat
greater soil, but in quantity than that from the
as the elements of plant food
in the atmosphere automatically renew
themselves, there need never be any
fear that the atmosphere will be ex-
hausted of the elements of plant food
which it contains; the soil, however,
is a different proposition. The elements
of plant food contained are much less
abundant than in the air; in fact, many
of them are quite limited in quantity,
and the best efforts of the farmer ars
needed to improve the condition of his
•soil so as to render the plaut food in it
more available; to prevent such plant
food as exists from washing away,
available and to add plant food from any other
sources. The soil is any part
of the earth’s surface which is cnpabU
of cultivation and of the production of
orops.
Tne geologists tell us that when
the earth first cooled down from a mol
ten condition there was no soil any-
where, but onlv rock, great granite
boulders and rocks of other nature, but
that in the vast periods of time which
elapsed between the cooling down of
the earth’s crust and the time when
man and orner animals began to ap¬
pear on the earth, the rocks had
rotted and crumbled away and pro¬
duced what vve now know as the soil
aud subsoil. The rain falling upon the
rocks sinks into the cracks and fissures,
and, freezing therein, tears and flakes
off smail particles; these in turn, being
swept along by floods, are ground
against each other and gradually re¬
duced to powder. The oxygen of the
atmosphere also exerts a chemical effect
in converting some of the minerals into
oxideB. For instance, if yon leave a
bright, new ax out exposed to the
weather you will soon note a coating
npon it which yon call rust; that is
produced by the action of the oxygen
of the air upoii the iron of the ax, aud
is really the oxide of iron. In this way,
then, by the action of water in freezing
and thawing, in grinding and trans¬
porting the broken fragments of the
rock and by the action of the air in ox¬
idizing the minerals going on for many
thousands and thousands of years, pos¬
sibly millions of years, the rocks have
been gradually converted into what we
now know as the soil and subsoil.
The Subsoil may extend down only a
few feet, or it may extend for many feet,
bat when yon get to the bottom of it
yon will* strike the rock, usually the
same kind of rock from which the soil
was originally derived. Soils may be
divided into these general classes—
sandy, clayey, limy aud peaty, accord¬
ing to whether their principal ingre¬
dients consist of sand, clay, carbonate
of lime or vegetable matter. A soil
which contains over 70 per cent of sand
is called sandy. Such soils usually con¬
tain but little plant food. They are ill-
adapted to withstand a drought, as the
sandy particles absorb and retain but
little moisture and the crops would
soon burn up in a long dry season; but
when the rainfall is abundant ar irri¬
gation i 3 at hand these soils are desira¬
ble. because they dry out quickly, per¬
mit the easy cultivation of the crops
and respond quickly to liberal fertiliza¬
tion. They are especially adapted tt
quick-growing Clay orops.
A soil is one that oontains over
60 per cent of clay, and is exactly the
reverse of the sandy soil. Water perco
lates through them very slowly and in
a very wet season the crops on them
suffer from the excess of moisture. They
are also more difficult to cultivate.
These lands, however, are usually rich¬
er in plant food. They are well adapt¬
ed to the grains and grasses. Limy
soils, lime soils, or oaicareous soils, ara
those wnich contain over 20 per cent oi
lime. The lime exists in these 6 oils in
the form of carbonate of lime, and is a
very valuable element of plant food. Ii
is itself .absolutely! .gBsential to the plant
$ .• Tf V* & A M* 1 * H ^ m | f? f 1 * j 'a % S r •r. >• it f 6 4 U N E.
"Don’t Grivo Up tlio Slxip."
BUCHANAN, GA,. FRIDAY, JUNE 28, 1901.
ailiT it also ams m Breaking up~muleial
combinations in the soil, and so render-
ing other elements of plant food avail¬
able which would otherwise remian in-
soluble and therefore inert.
Lime also aids materially in the
decay of organic or vegetable mat-
ter in the soil; it also improves
the mechanical condition of the
soil; it is a great benefit in this way
both to sandy aud clay soils. It causes
ths very loose particles of the sandy soil
to adhere more closely together, anil so
improves its power of absorbing and
holding water; it also improves the tex-
ture of a clay soil by preventing the
particles from sticking or adhering so
closely together aud thus renders it
more porous aud iriable aud easy to
work, and also enables water to
through it more easily, in a measure
obviating the dangers of a wet season
in clay land. The limy soils are adapt-
»i to the grains and grasses and fruits,
Peaty soils consist of organic or vege-
table matter in a stare of partial decom-
position, with comparatively little min-
eral matter. Such lands are usually of
a deep black color and are very produc-
live.
The three kinds of soil just described
are the extremes of their kind, and the
soils which are generally preferred by
farmers are mixtures of these, aud are
known as loams; a soil which contains
from 10 to 20 per cent of clay is called a
sandy loam, when it contains from 20 to
30 per cent of clay it is a loam, and
when it is composed of from 30 to ,50
per cent of clay is a clay loam. An ideal
or perfect soil is hard to find in nature
containing just, the right proportion of
sand to keep it porous aud warm aud
permeable to water; just the right
amount of clay to keep it cool and to
obviate the water running quickly
through it iike a sieve or evaporating
too rapidly from its surface; just the
right amount of humus or decayed vege*
table matter to furnish nitrogen and to
hold .just the proper quantity of moist-
ure like a sponge: also just the proper
amount of lime in the soil to furnish
plant food to help liberate the potash
from the feldsp: ud mica minerals in
the soil, aud also m aid in the decompo-
suion of roots and turned under crons
like clover aud peas. Plenty of lime in
the soil will help convert these into
humus which is so highly appreciated
by farmers all over the wor.d because it
helps to retain moisture, to cou vert the
insoluble forms of nitrogen into.the more
soluble, and to give to the soil tuat black
color which is usually found in most
fertile soils, and which certainly has the
power of absorbing more of the heat
rays of the »uu and thus making the
soil warmer man the lighter colored
soils can possibly be In my next letter
I will still write you more on this mi-
portaut subject oi‘the soil,
John McCanduess,
State Gno-mist.
COTTON IN GEQBGi
FOUR PER CEN T INCREASE IN
ACREAGE AND THE CROP
RATHER LATE.
COMPARATIVE CONDITIONS
The Best Showing Made Iu the South,
•ro section of the State—Other
Staple Crops.
The Department of Agriculture has
just completed the work of making up
the average, acreage and condition of
Georgia crops, using June 1 as the basis.
The result is herewith presented:
Perhaps the most important point
shown in the report is that the increase
in the cotton acreage is only from 2 to 7
per cent iu the different sections, but
the loss in the condition of the crop, it
is believed, will more than compensate
for this gain.
The Department of Agriculture sent
out from six to ten circnlars to each of
the 137 counties in the state. These cir¬
cnlars contained 31 questions, asking as
to the comparative acreage and condi¬
tion of the various crops, and replies
were received from between 900 and
1,000 of them, or an average of seven or
eight from each county in the state.
The letter accompanying this circular
sent out by the department is as follows:
“Questions for May crop report, 1901.
Returnable June 1 , 1901.
“Department of Agriculture, Atlanta,
Ga., May 15, 1901.—Dear Sir: Please
answer the following questions on June
l or as early as possible after that date,
and mail promptly so as to reach my
office by the third.
“An average crop, or average condi¬
tion, or anything with which compari¬
son is made, is always taken as 100 .
Thus, if the corn crop at any time is 10
per ceut better than last year, or 10 per
cent better than an average, it should be
reported as 110 in each case, and if 10
per cent below these standards, it should
be reported 90. Avoid vague compari¬
sons. such as ‘some better,’ ‘hardly as
good’, ‘above an average,’ etc.
“In making up your answers let
them apply to the whole county in
which you reside, not simply to your
owu farm.
“If a orop about which questions are
asked is not grown in your county, use
character X- If von have not sufficient
data to in alee an approximate estimate,
leave the space blank.
"Very respectfully,
“O. B. Stevens,
“Commissioner of Agriculture.
jr WRIGHT, Assistant.”
, " Kor the state " '
The reports received from every couu-
ty in the state show an average increase
in the cotton acreage over last year of 4
per cent, the smallest increase being J
per cent in North Georgia and 7 per
cent in South Georgia. The Georgia
j department into of agriculture, detail aud however, the officials has
gone more
here believe it is nearer correct. The
condition and prospect of the crop com-
pared to last year are 84 per ccut and
! the crop all over the state is an average
of 17 days late. It was necessary to re-
plant an average of *6 per cent of the
crop 011 account of frost aud storms.
I ho average stand over the state as com-
pared to a good stand is 78 6 .
frait at * .... locked
cro P c lls tlma 18
upon as next almost in importance to
; tbe cotton crop, lue percentage of a
; full peach crop throughout the^ state
I escaped the frost is put at 74 per
cent, apples 57 per cent and pears 56 1
P er cent, ine grape crop throughout
the state as compared to last year is 87.7
per cent. The condition and prospects
°* tlie or °P are P er cent * aa
outlook much better than was expected
* u view" of the many setbacks with
which.the fruit has had to contend.
figures from all over the state
show the following averages tor grain
aa< ^ other crops:
Lorn Acreage compared to last year
100.5, condition anil prospects compared
to last year 89.7.
Oats—Acreage 9S. 5, condition 100, per-
ceutago or crop sown in the fall still
standing 5o 7.
Wheat Acreage 9o.o, condition 97.7.
Sugarcane Acreage 94, condition
^
Bice Acreage in . southern Georgia,
lowland 96, condition 9J.
Sorghum Acreage 96, condition 84.
Clover ami Grasses Acreage 82.8,
condition 85.
Condition of sheep as compared to
^ ast year 78.9, work stock 95.7, hogs 100.
The percentage of disease among stool-
is from 2 to 6 per cent.
The average cash price for corn May
1 all over me state was 68 cents per
bushel, credit price 83. S. The percent
age of a full supply d corn on hand is
50 per cent; of hay 48 per cent,
; j u . \ ort nei-M section,
The northern section is made nn
the counties of Banks, Bartow, Camp-
bell, Catoosa, Chattooga, CberoKee, Ka.i;’
Clarke, Cobo. Dade, Dawson, D.
Douglas, Elbert, FJunnin, iorsvih,
Franklin. Fiord. Full on, Gilmer, G.r*
don, Gwinnett, Habersham, Haii, Hari,
JacKsou, Lincoln, Lumpkin, Madison,
Milton, Murray, OcoiAe,
Paulding, Pickeus, Polk,* Rabun, Rock-
dale, Towns, Union, Walker, Walton,
White, Whitfield and Wilkei.
.srr - “° ps ““— is
Cotton—Acreage compared to last year
102, condition and prospect compared to
last year 84, 14 days later iban usual,
per cent ot crop winch had to ue
planted over 15, stand compared to a
good stand 87.
Corn makes a good showing, its aver-
age as compared to last year being 100,
and its condition and prospect 93. F>g-
ures lor the otner grain crons are as tol-
'
l ows;
Oats—Average compared to last year,
97; condition and prospect, 92; percent-
age of the crop now standing which
was sown last fail, 43.
Wheat—Acreage compared to last
year 103, condition and prospect 102.
Rice (planted onlv in Habersham and
White counties)—Upland acreage as
compared to last year 86 , condition 86 .
Sugar cane—Acreage compared to last
year 98, condition 99 .
Sorghum—Acreage 108, condition 85.
Glover and grasses—Acreage 105, cou-
dition 108.
The fruit crop in the northern section
shows considerable falling off. Of tho
peaches 77 per cent of a full cron has es-
caped frost, apples 66 per cent, pears 52,
and the grape crop compared to last year
is 92 per cent. The average condition
of the fruit crop is 75 .
The condition of sheep in the northern
section as compared to last year is 98,
working stock 9 a and hogs of all ages
97. There is only 2 per ceut of diseases
among the stock in this section.
The average cash price for corn May 1
was 70 cents per bushei, credit price 85
cents. There is 40 pe.r cent oj_a lull
Mr. W,S. Whedon, cashier of the
First National Bank of winterset,
Iowa, in a recent letter gives some ex¬
perience with a carpenter in his em¬
ploy, that will be of value to other me¬
chanics. He says: “I had a carpenter
working for me who was obliged to
stop work for several daysori account
of being troubled with diarrhoea. 1
mentioned to him that 1 had heer,sim¬
ilarly troubled and that Chamberlain’s
Colic, Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy
had cured me. Me bought a bottle of
it from the druggist here and informed
me that one dose cured him, and he is
again at his work.” For sale by Cope¬
land Bros Bremen ; S Gaulding & Co..
Waco.
supply oi corn now o.Tuaim and 3.7 per
cent of a full supply oi hay.
in i no ’lulii.e ‘morion.
The counties comprising the middlo
section are Baldwin, Buffi, burke. Car
roh, Clayton, Columbia, Cowera, Craw-
ford, Emanuel. Hurts, Fayc.tie, Gias-
cock, Greene, Hancock, Hums, Heard,
Henry, Jasper, Jefferson • loan-on.
Jones, Laurens, Marion, McDuffi . Mon¬
r oe, Morgan, Newton, Pike, i J n:uam,
Richmouu, Screven, Spalding, l’albot,
Taliaterro, Troup, Twiggs, Upson, A nr-
ren and Washington. This section is a
most important agricultural belt
The report of crops for this section is
aa follows:
Cotton—Acreage compared to last
year 103 , condition aud pro meet com-
pared Ssual, t-o la^t year 83. 17 day-, inter than ‘
per cent of crop wmch had t
Be planted over 36, stand compared to
a g 00[ i stand 64.
Tne conuition of the grain crops in
the middle section is as follows; *
Corn—Acreage compared to last year
gg condition and prospect as compared
j 0 f asc year 84.
oats—Acreage compared to last year
yg j condition and prospect 102 , per cent
01 .li 1 crop now standing planted Iasi
f a ;. t;;i.
Wheat. — Acreage compared to last
year 88 , condition and prospect 89.
Glnver and grasses—Acreage com par-
ef j ro i asc year 33, condition aud pros-
p ect 36 .
Sugar cane—Acreage 82, stand com-
pared to average 89.
Rice—Acreage in lowland compared
to last year 15, upland 17, condition and
prospect. 84.
Sorgnuin—Acreage 77, condition 71.
Tne fruit crop in the middle section is
not quite so goon as that in the north¬
ern. Only 66 per cent of a full crop has
escaped the frost; apples 60 per cent ami
pears 54 per cent. The grape crop as
compared to last year is 73 per cent.
Condition and prospects for fruit 68 per
cent.
The condition of sheep is 41, work
stock 95, hogs of all ages 90; the amount
of diseases among stock is 3 to 4 per cent,
The average cash price for corn May 1
was 63 cents a bushel; credit price 71
cents. The percentage of a full supply
of corn on hand is 48 ; of hay 49.
flip Non:hern section.
The counties comprised in the south¬
ern section are Appling, Baker, Berrien,
Brooks, Bryan, Bulloch, Calhoun, Cam¬
den, Chatham, Chattahoochee, Clay,
Clinch, Coffee, Coiquitt, Decatur, Doo-
lv. Donge, Dougnertv, Lariv, Echols,
Effingham, Giynn, Houston, Irwin, Lee,
Liberty, Lnvudes, Macon. Marion, Me-
Intosh, Merri we tiler, Miller, Mitchell,
Montgomery, Fierce, Pulaski, Quitman,
Randolph, Schley, Sumter, i’atnall,
Taylor, Telfair, Terrell, l'nomas, Ware,
Wayne, Webster, Wilcox, Wilkinson
and Worth.
Tne report of crops for this section is
follows:
Cotton-Acreage as compared to last
year 107, condition and prospect corn-
iss tz
wanted over 27, stand compared to 8
2 00( 1 stand 84.
The following are tho figures showing
the condition of grain aud otner crops:
Corn Acreage compared to last year
103.5; condition and prospect as com-
pared to last year, 43.
Oats—Acreage 102.5; condition 105;
percentage of the crop now standing
that was sown in the fall, (ii.
Wheat—Acreage 95; condition 102.
95.7. _&n^roane—Acreage * 103; condition;
Rice Acreage, lowland, ... 96 j upland,
96; com*turn and prospects, 9a. i
borghum Acreage .04, conuition Ji. ;
Clover and grasses-Acreage 110.5;
condition 111.7a.
The fruit crop makes an average show-
ing . in the southern section. Of a full
crop of peaches an average ot 1 9 per
cent escaped the frost; apples, 66 per
cent, aud pears, 64 per cent. The grape
crop compared ro last year is 98 per
cent. The condition and prospects of
fruit crop are 18.6 per cent,
lhe condition of sheep is 97 .8 pet
'*- eur > work stock 190, and hogs of ail
ages 115 per ceut. There is 3 to 5 per
cent of disease among the stock,
The average cash price for corn May
1 was cents per bushel; credit price
89.6 cents. The percentage of a full
supply of corn on hand was 02.6 per
cent aud oi hay 61 per cent.
You may as well expect to.run a
team engine without water as to find
an active energetic man with a torpid
liver and you may kn«wthat his liver
is torpid when he does not relish his
food, or feels dull and languid after I
eating, often has headache, and some¬ I
times dizziness. \ few doses of Cham I
beilain’s Stomach and LiverTahlets
will restore his liver to its normal
functions, renew his vitality, improve
his digestion and make him fee! like a
tmw man. Price 25 cents. Samples
free at Copeland Bros. Bremen; S.
Gauldin & Go. Waco,
An Acqntred Taste.
“Yes, there is something in a name.
There’s my wife, for instance.”
“What about her?”
“Why, her first name is Olive, and 1
didn’t like her at all at first.”—Cleve¬
land Plain Dealer.
NO 30
A Npraliml Ankle <|uirhljr Cured
“At one time 1 suffered from a se¬
vere sprain of the ankle,” says Geo. E.
( ary, editor of the Guide, Washington
Va. “After using several recommend-
ed medicines without success, l tried
Chamberlain's Pain Balm, and am
pleased to say that relief come as soon
a* I began its use and a complete cure
speedily followedS 14 by Copeland
Bros. Bremen; S Gnutriing & Co waco
Mantua the Choir Sins.
Many conscientious ministers have
had trouble with wavwnrd i,‘ -hoiis but
nnf n i] r
addr ^ or 1
^ a< ” een di tile ill 1 ty mth tire singers. .
and they had given out that they
should not sing on the next Sunday,
Tills was told to Dr West. “Well,
well, we will see.” he said and on Sun-
day morning gave out his hymn After
reading it he said very emphatically,
“You will begin with the second verse:
“Let those refuse to sinf?
Who never knew our God/*
Tbe hymn was sung.
A Scoop.
“What did your wife do when she
found those poker chips In your over¬
coat pocket?” asked the praetical joker.
“She took the matter very coolly.
She found out where they came from
and sent a messenger hoy to get them
cashed.”—Washington Star.
«lnl<-k and Effective.
Willie—How did you break your wife
of tbe “advanced woman” craze?
Wise— Told tier everybody thought it
meant “advanced” in years.-Kansas
City Independent.
A <4ou<l Cough Medicine.
it speaks well for Chamberlain's
Cough Remedy when druggists use it
in their own families indrefereuce to
any other. “I have sold Chamberlain’s
Cough Remedy for the past five years
with complete satisfaction to myself
and customers,” says Druggist JGold-
smith, Van Eiten. N. Y. l 4 I have al-
wa y 3 ,; 9el j R in my own family both
fl* Ule , o^ry cou * h f<»lh»wing coughs , lagrippe, foW. and and tit.d for
ii very effieack us * For sale by Cope-
bind Bros. Bremen; 8 Gaulding & Co.
Waco.
She W«*» Ahead.
Marjorie had Just returned from a
visit to the old homestead In Tennessee,
here a color ed nurse nearly 100 years
... Dllz
.
«*> *» «*>< c** ^ »* *■»*
“auntie” by ber mother and the family
but at last she accepted the fact and
did likewise Her playmates, troop-
( n g ( a , 0 welcome her home, began to
enumerate their possessions acquired
durjn „ beJ . absence .
, rn . ,, h lnek nnnv” crowed
Guarne exultantly,
I v p Kot n new baby brother, cried
Jessie
“M’m! That’s nothing; I’ve got two
of’em." retorted Fred,
Marjorie’s eves flashed. “Obi” she
cr | tJ j "Tv,, got a heap more’n that:
« ' ‘ asT"ar nnn ,| „ s otf i „„ Mefusela
and black as tar. Lehlit s weekly.
Aronard Her Cartoalty After All.
“Don’t want any.” said a North Broad¬
way housekeeper from her second story
window to a street vender whose wag¬
on was standing a few steps away and
who had just pulled the bell.
“Dou t want any what?” gruffly ask¬
ed tbe arab. who hadn't had even a
chance to tell what bis wares were.
“5Ybat have you got?” asked the
housekeeper, whose curiosity was get¬
ting the better of her anuoyance.
“Oh. never mind. You don’t want
any Git up. Bob!”
“Now, l wonder what that exasperat¬
ing man is selling, auyhow?” she ex¬
claimed as the wagon disappeared
around the corner.—Baltimore Sun.
Preparation For Confession,
A priest was engaged in instructing
and catechising a Russian boy. Pres¬
ently he said. “Now, uiy boy, tell me
what you must do by way of prepnr-
ing for confession and penace." “Sin,
your reverence," was the unexpected
answer.—London Telegraph.
The discovery of what Is true and
the practice of that which is good are
thp two most important objects of phi¬
losophy.—Junius.
Every time an argument gains you a
new friend It loses you two old ones.—
Chicago News.
Romomber all are invited to at¬
tend the nily at Buchanan on
July 4.