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THE FUTURE CITIZEN.
The Future Citizen
A PAPER WITH A PURP08E.”
r
QUESTION BOX
J
Printed by The r eformatory Boya
Doing the Beet They Can.
Published Promptly as Often aa Feasible
An echo of the State’s effort to give
Answers to last week's Questions.
(i) Will you please give in
your question box the correct use
of “ will” and “shall,” with the
every boy a chance in life.
Published Every Saturday Afterneon.
GEORGIA STATE REFORMATORY
JOSEPH E. LOVVORN
Superintendent.
Entered at the Milledgevllle, Georgia,
Post Office as Mail Matter
of the Second Class.
SUBSCRIPTION: $1.00 IN ADVANCE
HERBERT Q* O’STEEN—Compositor
CECIL A. HUTTON Compositor
THETIS F. FISHER Apprentice
Saturday, June 24, 1916
WHO MADE (he MAP WHITE
Have you seen the map of the U. S. A.?
It is getting whiter every day,
And now you can travel from shore to
shore
On land where liquor is sold no more.
Who made this fight from sea to sea,
That our glorious land shall be made
free
Frem the cause that’s been our lasting
shaem?
Come,where did it all, and what’s his
name?
Was it the statesman wise or soldier
brave
Who Made this fight our sons to save?
Was it preacher, or teacher or crank
’long hair’?
Who,ve whitened the map of our land
so fair?
They have helped, of course, but who
kept up the light
That tne map of our country should be
all white?
And the youth of our land should be
kept free
From tne curse which threatens their
liberty?
It was a noble band of womanhood,
Standing for all that’s right and good,
’Twas they who drove the entering
wedge
With their little white ribbon and
temperance pledge.
Ah! Yes! when all is said and done,
And the battle fought and the victory
won
If von wish to give credit where credit
is due,
Just take off your hat to the W. C. T. U.
principle, and illustrate the use of
each.
(i) The Future Citizen had this
perplexing question some years ago
and tried to make it plain as pos
sible in a brief answer. As the
last word in the correct use of Eng*
lish we reproduce in full an author*
itative treatise on “shall” and
“will,” by Etnma M. Bolenius
in McCalls Magazine.
The correct use of shall and will
has been a puzzling matter to very
many people. It is one of the nicer
distinctions that it is well for every
one to recognize and thus prevent
the awkward circumstance of say
ing the opposite of what is intend
ed.
For instance, let us suppose that
a man hurls himself from a restrain
ing group of friends down into the
raging river, with the cry : “I will
drown ! Nobody shall save me!”
Would it have revealed to you the
same thought, if he had screamed
from the water below: “I shall
drown! Nobody will save me!”
What is the difference between
these two exclamations?
The auxiliaries shall and will are
used in what we term the future
tense, and, as is customary, they
are applied to the three persons, in
both singular and plural, that is.
to (i) I and we, (a) you, and (3)
he. she, it, and they.
The two big ideas that these
words express are what we call
futurity or expectation, „nnd what
we call volition, running through
the different grades, from desire,
willingness and wish, to determin-
ation, promise, and even threat.
The forms that express the first big
idea—futurity or expectation—are
.is follows :
I shall (laugh, sing, run—any-
thing.)
You will
He, she, it will
We shall
You will
They will
Notice how easily you can sub
stitute for the auxiliaries here
given the phruses“um going to,’*
and “is going to,” and keep that
substitution in mind as your test
of the auxiliary to be used for fut
urity. To say, then, “I don’t be-
•lieve I will reach there in time,”
is using the wrong auxiliary to
bring put the meaning of “am go
ing to,” The sentence should be “I
don't believe I shallJ[am going to)
reach there in timtt|V
The first conftuKUKjg thing in the
use of these aitiifepfl is the pro-
nouns I and We lili one auxiliary,
and the prontigbd* you, he, she, it,
and they, taki an entire different
one to express the saire thought.
Now, for volitiou in its various
phases these auxiliaries are simply
turned around, as the following
table shows:
Desire, wish, willingness, de
termination, promise, threat:
I will (laugh, run, sing, do—
anything.)
You shall
He, she, it shall
We will
You shall
They shall
In volition the speaker either
makes up his own mind ("L will
play for you”—I promise to play)
or impresses his mind or will upon
others (“He shall tie here at the
hour you mention—I’ll see to that”)
If a woman is standing on a tott
ering stepladder, which is the coi-
rect expression for her to use—“I
am afraid I will fall”, or “I am
afraid I shall fall ?” If she means,
“I am afraid I shall fall ” “l will
fall” would mean that she has de
termined to fall—an absurd ass
umption.
A young man exclaims on the
eve of his examination: “I will
probably fail, fori have not been
present at all the lectures!" Does
lie say what he really meuns? In
reality he says that he has made up
his mind to fail (“I will" express
ing volition), where** what he pro
bably meant was that there wee
a likelihood of his fa^tlf—in ether
words, that he waa going to fail.
Therefore,•* 1 thalf tecrbably fail"
is the correct version^
You will not go-#l object!” is a
blundering statement for what
should be, “You shall not go—I
object." When the speaker’s will
influences the person spoken to, we
(Continued on page 7 column 2.)
*«w If Th« Tim* For All Good Moo to Come to The Aid of The Future Citizen -A Hint., lit*