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Vol. I.]
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Illchmo.id County Washington Total Ab
stinence Society.
OFFICERS.
Dr. Joseph A. Eve, President.
Col. John Millkdue, '|
Hawkins Huff,
Dr. F. .Vt. R ibkrtsun. y Vice Presidents.
Dr. 1. P. Gaiivin,
J. W. .YIeRKDI I'H, I
Wm. Haines, Jr. Secretary if- Treasurer.
MANAGERS.
James Harper, Wm. F. P-mberton,
John G Dunlap, Wm O Eve,
Jesse Wai.ton, A. Phillips,
E. E. Scofield, Dr. Benjamin Douglass,
James Goody, J. L. Mimms.
PHRENOLOGY VerSUS INTEMPERANCE.
A LECTUREOV TEMPER A NICE,
Considered Physiologically ami Phrcnologically
or the Laws oj Life and the principles of the
human constitution , as developed by the
sciences of Phrenology and Phy
siology, if-c. i)-c.
BY O. S. FOWLER, A. 11.,
PRACTICAL PUHKNOI.no ST.
[Continued.]
Do one’s perceptive powers, which give the
various Kinds of memory and the ability to col
lect and retain knowledge, g eatiy predominate
over his reflectives, thougn he may be very apt as
a scholar and talker, he will be superficial, lack
thought, judgement and contrivances, and be in
capable of ascending from facts to first piinciples. j
and on t mother band, are the perccpiivcs small
but reflectives predominant, lie wi I have a
wretched memory, be unable to command his
knowledge, or bring his talents to bear U|Mjn '
practical matters lie given to merely speculative, j
scholastic, abstract theretbre-and-w.ierelbre, m-'t-1
aphysical theorizing, w.iich is valueless, and :
though he may know how to reason, his knowl
edge of facts will be too limited to furnish data;
sutficicnt to firm correct inductions. But where j
both arc equally balanced, the former collect a
bundan' materials which the latter work up int..
correct arguments and sound conclusions. Both
equally developed give a general talent, consti
tute a well balanced and truly philosophical mind,
give the true Baconian, inductive method of
studying nature by ascending from facts up to
first princip.es, the only possible means of arri
ving at the truth. This developeinent not only
is perfectly adapted to the laws of nature and
harmonizes witn t ie constitution of the human
mind, but dlso gives what is called sound com
mon sense, correct judgement, and enlarged
views of subjects, whilst its absence causes the
intellectual lameness, the warped views, and the
fallacious and diversified opinions existing
among mankind. I'his principle applies gener
ally to all the faculties.
.Again: the want of action in any of theorg ins !
is unfavorable to virtue. Thus, is Amativeness j
wanting, connubial love is absent, and this in
centive to virtue dead. Is Combativeness small,
the husband cannot defend his family, nor the,
truth, nor any good cause, but quails before the;
approach of every obstacle. Is Aliraentiveness
denc.ent, our higher mental powers would be
come enfeebled, and if Acquisitiveness is small, j
as is often the case with the sons of rich pirents,;
prodigality ensues, thus opening the door to j
many vices which larger Acquisitiveness would I
shutout. Inative Conscientiousness, or Ben-j
evolenco, or Veneration, or reasoning power,
each leaves a great mental hiatus, their exercise j
being indispensab.e to virtue.
We are thus prepared for the important infer
ence that whatever tends to weaken or unduly
excite either of these classes of faculties, espe
cially the animal propensities, is thereby calcula
ted to unhinge and derange the mini!, thus caus
ing vice and misery.
PTOPOS fION V. Alcohol powerfully
stimulates and irritates the brain and nervous
system. Apply it loan open wound, or bring it I
in contact with an exposed nerve, and it burn- j
like fire. Let it be applied ten million times to
as many fresh wounds or exposed nerves, and
TOTAL ABSTINENCE ADVOCATE.
every application will bring painful rviderice ol
t!ie truth of this proposition Let those win
doubt it, try the esfieiiuieui. It burns the mouth,
and hence the practice of taking water with grog
anil water after g'og, tuquench the Arc it always
kindles. 1 here is something in the very natures
ol alcohol anil the nerves, liy which the Ihrmcr
invauahly irritates tin* latter. No law of naturi
is more clear or nniversa than that by which
alcohol excites tile brain and nerves. As soon
may one deny toe effects of gravity, • r question
tile pheiumn na of optics oi chemistry, as uttenq t
to controvert lois proposition As soon can hi
“ carry coals ot lire in his bosom ami not lie
burned,” as bring alcohol in contact with the
brain or nerves without powerfully exciting them.
Indeed, it is taken mostly on account ol its »tmiu
lat ng qualit.es.
PR .IPOSI I ION VI. —77ie excitin rpr per
ties of alcohol a . e retained utter it is taken into
the system. 1. I’his is abundantly evinced by
toe stimulus or in ■ reused action which ii imparts
to the mus ics, and ind ed to the wit Ic an mal
econo ny. ’2. it passes uncliiiigcd into the lilooil,
having the same irritating effect in the system
that it has when applied externally. It has been
extract'd fro.n the blood try chemical analys s,
and fpund in tile watery secretions oi the brain
of drunkards alter death, and that in such ahnn
d nice as to send forth the alcoholic flame and
smell. E C. Uelavan put the question, “Is alco
hol digestible 1’ to tuny-of our eminent physi
cians, and every r (My contained a full, un< quivo
cal negative. Cases of spontaneous co.nbi stum,
in wliie.r the bodies ol topers, in spite oftheir in
combu tibil.ty, actually ignite and burn to death,
inconlestililyestablish this point
Again: this blood,'bus surcharged wi'li this
powerful stimulant, this deadly p. ison. Is b,ought
into direct contact with every part and particle ol
the entire system, « ith every shred ol'every nerve,
anil with every fibre ol'every muscle, the ramifica
tions ot its vessels being inconceivably minute
and numerous. “ I'lie blood thereof is” indeed
“ the life thereof.” As is the state of the Mood,
so is that oflhe system in general, and of the
brain and mind in part.cu ar. The same is sub
stantially true of the stomach. Its condition
powerfully ass. cts that of the or eat sympatheti •
nerve, which in its turn influences the entire
system, especially the base of the brain.
PUd >POS>| I'lON Vll.— About one seventh
part of the blood is sent t the he'ad , which is sev
eral hundred pen cent, more in proportion to its
size, than it carried to any other portiun of the
system. Tins is the universal testimony of all
physiologists The reason is obvious, By a law
of our nature, every action of every nerve and
muscle, every exercise of brain and mind, causes
a proiKirtioiiate expenditure of vital energy. The
nlood being the great medium for re supplying
this exhausted vital energy, is most abundant
where the greatest rc supply is demanded. Hence,
since the brain is the organ of the mind, since the
irritating effect of alcohol is most powerful, almost
as much so as fire or arsenic, since its exiting
property is retained after it is taken into the Wood,
and since s > much greater a proportion ol blood is
sent to the head than to any other part of the sys
tem, the e ects of alcohol upon the mind of man
must he most powerful and tremendous, either
for good or for evil.
Still farther: however extraordinary man is as
a merely physical being, it is his intellectual and
moral <|uahties which constitute the chief ends of
Ins existence. Ile was never made merely to eat
and sleep, to breathe an l labor and die. He was
created mainly to think and fed. to adore God
and to study bis works. It is not his coat, nor
yet his body, but it is bis intellectual and moral
nature wtticlt constitutes the manhood of man.
All else is not worth counting This is the man.
This constitutes his identity anil personality.
Could y m cut from him limb after limb, and
one portion of his body after another, until the
whole were cut away, ho would be the same man
soil, provided his min l were left the same; hut
let insanity derange til it mind, or let death sepa
rate it from the body, and lie is not the same per
son. We feel that his lifbl.-ss body is ..ot him set/.
It is our minds, our moralcapabitties, our powers
ofthought and feeling, which constitute our very
essence substa..ce our personal! y and identity,
flesh and blood being our dwelling only. Hence
the exercise of mind is more fatiguing, inorepam
ful, more pleasurable than that of the h dy.
“ Voluptas Aniini major esl quam corporis.”
If, therefore, the effect of alcohol is good at all,
it must he very good, if bad, bad in the very high
est jiossible degree, and had upon the very essence
and soul, and centre ofthe man, because it storms
the very citidcl of our nature.
In two ways, therefore, first by the great a
mount of blood sent to the head, and secondly bv
its effects upon ne vous system in general, and
the brain in particular, and especially upon the
internal nerv.ms tract, do alcoholic liquors irritate
and stimulate the brain, and thereby the mental
AUGUSTA, G.\. SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1843
OR,
faculties, for, as already shown to excite either is
t.' excite the ol her.
PROPOSITION VIII.— 7 his extraordinary
condensation of stimulus as concentrated upon
the b.ise of the brain, power/ully stimulating the
merely >niMal propensities, whilst it weakens the
moral and intellectual J'aculties. According to
Phrenology, tne organs ol the animal propensi
ties are local t d in the boss of the brain, close to
t ic body which they serve, and whose wants
they supply, so that the intercommunicated he
iween the two is great.y facilitated bv their jux>
lapositiim, the conditions of each ixerting a re
■iprucal influence upon the states of the other.
But toe mo, al organs, the higher, religious and
God-.ike sentiments, have their location in the
upper portion in the head, as far removed as pos
sible from loose influences which disturb the
body, (a wise provision this,) whilst intelleitis
located in the forehead.
Again: the organs ofthc perceptive faculties,
which acquire and retain knowledge, give the
various kinds of memory, and bring man in con
tai t with inaUc r and its physical properties, arc In
rated around tho iyc, c.oseto tlie body again,
woilst Lite organs of reason, the noblest gill ol
i God to man, occupy the highest portion of the
lorchead, being also far removed from the body, j
Mark well the inference. Not only, ns already
. shown, is there several hundred per cent, more
' of the exinlerution produced hv alcohol Carried to
the head than to any other portion of tbe system,
S hut this s.i.nulus hs concentrated upon the base of
the brain, or upon the organs of the animal pro
| pensilies, thereby goading to the highest degree
, of inflamed and morbid action, the in rely animal
nature of man, hut leaving his moral and reason
| ing powers far in the rear
Not only therefore, is this effect produced by
J the juxtaposition of the animal organs and body,
but so intimate are the nature anil relations ofj
1 each 1 1 the other, that to excite eitln r is to excite i
the other— to inflame or stimulate the body is to
; stimulate those mental faculties which serve that
body, i) imply, the animal passions.
Again, hy n law of our nature, toover-tnx any
organ draws the strength from the other portions,
ami concentrates it upon the laboring part. Thus
ati overloaded stomach draws the strength from
the muscles, from the b ain, from every other part,
to remove the load, rend, ring us drowsy, dull and
averse to both mental and physical action. Close
mental application, powerful thinking and in
tense emotion impair the appetite, returd digestion,
and induce dyspepsia, because they draw off the
energies of tne system to the head. Now if this
well established physiological principle applies to
the several portions of the hrain, this p.odigious
excitement oi tile animal passions actually weak
ens the intellectual and moral organs, and that at
the very time when, in order to keep pace with
the over-stimulated animal propensities, thus
lashed up to the highest pitch of action, they re
quire to he clothed with almost unearthly vigor.
In case alcoholic liquors excited each of the
faculties alike, why do they not render the pious
man a hundred fold more pious, and the literary
man ten times more literary ] Why not deepen
and widen the channels of thought] Why not
render ordinary men Wehsters and Franklins,
Broughams and Herschels, and these intellectual
giants actual Galniels in intellect] Or why
should they not excite the moral faculties instead
of the animal feelings] Why not make an infi
del an Enoch; a deist, a WesUcy; or a sceptic a
Payson ] Why are not all spirit drinkers pat
terns of piety and good morals, and also stars in
the firmament of intellectual greatne s? Let
this proposition answer. Not only does it not\
augment the talents of talented men, nor the lit
erature ot the literary, nor make the profane
pious, hut it actually reverses this state of things.
I 1 prostrates talent, beclouds the intellect, dark
enscouncil, renders the ideas muddy, and befoie
its approach, literary attainments, intellectual
greatness, and moral purity, one and all, vanish
like the dew before the rising sun. It sometimes,
though very rarely increases a certain kind of!
eloquence, as we shall sec hereafter, whilst it is
universally a sworn enemy to good morals, and to
all liteiary and intellectual attainments.
Again: the fact is no less lamentable than true
that nineteen twentieths, if not ninety nine hun
dreths, of the tune, desires and pleasures, the
pursuits, anxieties, &c., of mankind, are. onsunt
eu upon the gratification of bis animal nature, in
serambl tig after property, in seeking what he
should eat, and drink, and wear, and live in, and
show off with, in gratifying his love of power or
hi-grasping ambition, in politics, in friendship
and family cares, in combating and contending 1
in backbiting and licentiousness. A small por
tion is expended upon religion, hut even [his re
ligion is warped hy his animal feelings. This ■
assertion is sweeping, hut too true, innumerable j
illustrations ol whico might he given. Accor
ding to Phrenology, hy far the largest part of the !
brain is occupied by the animal and sefish organs.
Does not every reader find the subjugation ofhi*
animal passions extremely difficult 1 Nowifthi*
is the tact without the use ot'alcohol, how much
more is its use calculated to inflame this already
predominant poition ui'his nature, and also to re
tard his advancement in virtue, intelligence and
re igionl
i tius far, there is but a single vulnerable point,
but one lame proposition, hut one possible eva
sion ot these inferences, namely, ‘‘We do not
believe in your Phrenology." 1 shall not here
outer upon even a brief defence of its truth, n.>r
exhibit ut'its facts, hut refer the reader to works
on the science, fctill this lasi proposition, which
forms the key stone of this estav, its one leading
though.t, nan.ely, that the state of the body is as
the stale of the animal organs, that, therefore,
whatever irritates or stimulated the former, there
by proportionally inflames the latter, is a general
tact, a constitutional law o our nature so palpa
ble and so universal that “the way-fairing man
though a fool,” cannot but see and admit its truth.
I he following daises of well known facts are
only a few u the tens of thousands which might
be adduced to prove and illustrate it.
A cold or a slight lever does not increase Ben
evolence or Conscientiousness, but actually
weakens ihcm, whilst .t greatly augments the
combative and destructive and selfish feelings.
Let your child be a little unwell, that is, let his
body he in a feverish and irritated state, and he
will l*c peevish, cross and petulent, and fret at
every little thing, and that without cause, Caus
ality and Conscientiousness being inactive.
Nothing pleases but every thing irritates him.
The same is true of dyspepsia or indigestion, and
of persons generally in poor health, They find
fault with every tiling, are ungrateful, and un
reasonable in tlieir anger, because of the irritated
state ot tlieir animal, and the weakened state of
the nior.d and intellectual, organs. Wby do not
disease increase our kindness , our devotion , our
conscience, our *-casomng powers, &c.’l Because
bodily disease is lirst imparted to the animal or
gans in the basu ot ti.e brain. But let the child
oraduit become so very sick that his physical
powers arc prostrated, and it is these animal pas
sions and desires that arc prostrated first and
most, whilst the moral and reasoning powers are
less impa red And the first sign oftus returning
health is his increasid hunger, (Alimrnlivencss,)
bis irritability and fault-finding disposition, &c.’
The phenomena of death accord with this
principle. The extremities are prostrated first,
sensation and nervous action rapidly decrease
the animal passions follow next, connubibial and
parental love, appetite, anger, hard feelings, and
love of the world all yield before the moral or in
tellectual faculties feel its deadening influence.—
Vitativeness, also an animal organ, situated in
the lowest part of the base of the brain, lets go its
hold on life, leaving the dying man willing to de
part. Dying persons often attempt to speak but
cannot, their organs of language and memory, sit
uated in the lower |iortions of the forehead near
the body, being too tar gone to give utterance to
the st.ll operating organs of reason, located high
er up. the pious Christian, “Dei gratia," dies
in the triumphs of faith, that is, in the vigorous
exercise ol the moral faculties after the death of
his animal, whilst others often die in the reversed
or painful action of these organs.
1 tie proverb “ old men for counsel, young men
for action," embodies this same principle. “Ac
tion” and force of character are given hy the vig
orous exercise of the animal propensities, which
are stronger in young persons than in old, only
because tlieir bodies are more vigorous.
But “counsel” depends upon the reasoning
organs, which, being located in the upper portion
ot the forehead, retain all their pristine vigor long
alter both the physical energies, and With them
the animal passions, are weakened by age. The
principle explains the fact that the passions, the
appetite the Amativeness, the ehuhtions of anger
in young men, are otten ungovernable, while in
after life, these very men become ornaments of
society and eminent for talents; that the wildest
boys generally make the smartest men; that soli
tary confinement and hard labor, by reducing the
tone of the body, subdues the pride, obstinacy,
maliciousness, and other vicious inclinations of
convicts, and that the talents often increases af
ter the body begins to fail, after ambition wanes,
and long cherished animosities begin to weaken.
So also the memories of children and youth
are astonishingly retentive and vigorous, whilst
those of aged persons are enfeebled, but the judge
mentof the latter is strong, whilst that of the lor
mer is weak, because the organs of memory,
being in the base of the forehead, are vigorous
when the body is vigorous, and become enfbebled
by age, but those of judgement are in the upper
portion of the forehead, and therefore partake
| less of the weakened state of the body, A severe
fit of sickness, when it leaves the body in an en
feebled state, is sure to weaken most kinds of
1 memory, whilst it seldom impairs the judgement.
[No. 19.