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Yol. II No. 15.]
Cfic S&’aslitngtomnu
WILL BE PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY
MORNING, BY
JAMES McCAFFERTY,
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Yearly advertisers 10 per ct. discount.
Ruta lia<u*
Quality oFLaNd, Manner of Sow
ing, Cultivation, &c.—As a fine rich
garden mould, of a great depth, and hav
ing a porous stratum under it, is best for
every thing that vegetates, except plants
that live best in water, so it is best for the
rutabaga. But Gohbett, on the culture
of this root, says, “ There is no soil in
which it mav not be cultivated with great
facility, except a pure sand or very stiff
clay.” A few days previously to sowing,
the ground must be ploughed up to a good
depth into ridges, having two furrows on
each side of the ridge, so that every ridge
consists of four furrows, or turnings of the
plough, making the tops of the ridges
nearly or quite three feet from each other.
, ploughing should he deep, it will
-of course have a deep gutter between
every two ridges. If the ground be not
strong, rotten stubble 1 manure may he
placed under the middle of each ridge, be
neath where the seed is sown. The
ground being prepared, lay open r trench
in each ridge or row, and sow the seed
very thinly, so that they may not.touch
each other, and cover them one inch deep,
observing to press the ground well that
the seed may vegetate quickly before the
■earth gets too dry. This is always a good
thing to be done even with any kind
of seed that is sowed lightly, especially
in dry weather and under a hot sun.
Seeds are very small things. When we
see them covered over with the earth we
conclude that all is safe, but if they do not
vegetate and come up, they are then pro
nounced had seed; we should however
remember that a very small cavity is suf
ficient to keep them untouched nearly all
around, in which case, under a hot sun,
and near the surface, without they are
well pressed after sown, they are sure to
perish. As soon as the plants arc well up
they may he thinned out so as to give
them two or three inches’ space; and
when the plants will admit, they may he
thinned out again, giving them fifteen
inches space to stand. Those plants that
are drawn out may be transplanted. As
soon as the grass begins to make its ap
pearance, the tops of the ridges around
the plants may be wed six inches in width.
Then with a single-horse plough take a
furrow from the side ofone ridge going up
the field, a furrow from the other side
coming down, then another furrow from
the same side of the first ridge going up, 1
and another from the same side of the
other ridge coming down, observing to 1
plough within three or four inches of the
plant. This turns a ridge over the origi- |
nal gutter. Then observe to turn those >
furrows back again to the turnips. In i
this manner the weeds are nearly or all ’
quite destroyed. When the weeds again I
make their appearance it will be neces- I
sary to repeat the same operation with
the hoe and plough as before, which may 1
suffice, unless the ground has been un- 1
commonly grassy. Should it be neces- :
sary to work it the third time, the appli- ’
cation of the hoe may answer. From the i
above mode of cultivation, the plants or <
leaves will be so productive as nearly to i
touch each other in the middle between 1
the ridges. Cobbett states that from the t
above mode of cultivation he has raised 1
upward of a thousand bushels from one c
acre of ground on Long Island, New- r
\ ork, the turnips on an average weighing t
upward of seven pounds each. Trans
planting is a mode said to be preferable, I
the ground ploughed up and made into e
AUGUSTA, GA. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 16. 1843.
! ridges as above. The plants may be ob
tained either from those which are thin
ned out by the first mode of planting, or
from seeds previously sown in small beds
of rich light soil, drilled in rows twelve
. inches apart. They should be thinned
out as soon as they are well up, to stand
two or three inches apart, in order that
the plants may be the more thrifty and
regular in size. As soon as the plants
are large enough, they may he transplant
ed, giving them the space above mention
ed. A moderate season of rain is prefer
able to too much wet. The mode of
planting is as follows: First the hole is
made sufficiently deep, deeper than the
I length of the root really requires; but the
root should not be bent at the point, if it
jean be avoided; then, while one hand
holds the plant with its root in the hole,
the other hand applies the setting stick to
| the earth on one side of the hole, the stick
being held in such away as to form a
sharp angle with the plant; then pushing
the stick down so that its point goes a lit
tle deeper than the point of the root, and
giving it a little twist, it presses the earth
against the point or bottom of the root,
and thus all is safe, and the plant is sure
to grow. The general and almost uni
versal fault is, that the planter, when he
■ has put the root into the hole, draws the
i earth up against the upper part of the
• root or stem ; andifhe presses pretty well
r there, he thinks that the planting is well
5 done; but it is the point of the root
: against which the earth ought to be press
* ed : for there the fibres are, and if they
I I do not touch the earth closely the plant
l will not thrive. The above mode will ap
f ply to cabbage and all other plants that
. are removed. If the ground was plough
-1 ed or prepared in the fall before for the
i turnips, so much the better, which should
1 be done, as before observed, only the
: ploughing should be very deep, and the
> ridges well laid up. In this situation it
. would, by the succession of frosts, be
1 shaken and broken fine as powdered by
i March or April. It should then he turned
[ back, always ploughing deep ; then, pre
’ vious tr> sowing, the manure may be put
■jin the ridges, and ploughed and sowed as
■ | first described. As the winters at the
i i north are two severe for the rutabaga,
1 they are harvested or taken up the lpst
i of November, and either put in cellars or
, hills prepared in sueh a manner as to
t keep out the frost. In this climate they
‘ would keep in the ground during the win-
I ter without injury. The tops as well as
I the roots are excellent food for cattle,
hogs, or sheep. By cutting up the roots,
jund boiling or steaming them, with a little
' meal added, they are excellent food for
■ sows and pigs.— Southern Gardner.
Cornstalk Molasses.
Mr. FI. J. Thompson, a thorough go
ing, enterprising planter of this county,
called at our office a few days since to
exhibit us a specimen of molasses, made
by himself from the common cornstalk.
, We have given the article a fair test,
and do not hesitate to pronounce it equal,
if not superior, to the best sugar-house
molasses.” It is equally as transparent,
and in flavor resembles very much the
“Florida Syrup,” an article which is man
ufactured from the juice of the cane, and
which, where it is known, is esteemed
superior to any other for table use. Mr.
Thompson informs us that he was in
duced to make the experiment from read
ing an article in our paper last spring. ,
It was then too late to plant for the pur
pose, and he resolved to set aside a small
patch which had been planted in the or
dinary wav, for the purpose. From this j
he removed the ears as they put forth, and j
allowed it to stand until the fodder was
ripe. Having constructed a mill for the i
purpose, he expressed the juice from the ,
stalks and boiled it in a common kettle, |
reducing about seven gallons to two, i
which produced the fine specimen of mo- ,
lasses which he has exhibited to us. Not j
having planted his corn for the purpose, |
Mr. T. is unable to come at anything!]
like a very nice estimate of the amount j
which any given quantity of land would ■
yield—but he assures us that the test ,
which he has given the matter, in the j
manufacture of the twenty-five or thirty J
gallons which he has made this year, lias ’
not only satisfied him that the best of mo
lasses can be made from cornstalks, but
that he can obtain a better return for his
labor from its cultivation than from any p
other crop. A specimen of the molasses v
made by Mr. Thompson may he seen at v
this office. b
We have been informed by Col. Jno. fi
B. Walker that he is now making some i
experiments in the corn sugar and molass- p
es. The Colonel is desirois of ascer
taining the yield, and with tlis view has
carefully measured the groipd planted
tor this purpose. We hope t) be able to
give our planters the result oflCol. Walk
er’s experiments in, a few dafs. — South
ern Miscellany.
Cornstalk Molasses.
We acknowledge the receijjt of a bottle,
of what we should have ptotfemced, had
we not been informed to tfe contrary,
first quality Sugar House Molasses , it
having the appearance df hat article.
It was manufactured from Cbm Stalks,
by James S. Pope, Esq., qn enterpri
zing Planter and Farmer of this District,
who has spared neither painsnor expense
in bringing to perfection an/experiment,
which has so often been ried, but we
( have never heard of its paying been
brought to so successful anlssue, in this
District. We wish him iuccess in his
. fTiture experiments. The following ex
planatory note accompani d the bottle
I of molasses :— Edgefield advertiser.
Mr. W. F. Durisoe.
Dear Sir —l take the liberty of re
! questing you to publish foijthe informa
tion of the public, an expemnent which 1
. have lately made in extketing Syrup
from Corn Stalk. I allotti 1 about seven
, ty hills square for my exp riinent, from
I which I made about twen r.five gallons
lof Syrup. I present you with a speci-
I men, which will enable yo to judge of its
quality. I deterred too lo gin stripping
, the shoot from the stalk. think if the
t shoot had been stripped in ime, the yield
. would have been increase!. lam in
[ dined to think, that an ace, if in a high
. state of improvement, and veil cultivated,
, can be made to yield, at least, seventy-
I five gallons. The Corn siould be drill
. ed, and the drills about th 3a feet apart.
, Planting in this manner, 3 ill prevent the
{ Corn from shooting, (so t is said,) and
, will enable the stalk to reiin the juice.
• It is evident that the shoo should not be
| permitted to remain on th stalk until the
grain begins to lorm.
t Yours, respjetfully,
5 JAMES S. POPE.
! JMOB©ELILAIiM©I!D§7~
- The Empress Josepine.
1 In his lecture on Tues|ay evening,
Col. Lehmamouski paid an eloquent and
. touching tribute to the memory of the
1 Empress Josephine—the bes Prime Min
, ister, as he happily remarkid, that ever
, Napoleon had—a tribute tha; come warm
: and gushing from a gratefd and over
• flowing heart. Col. L. first met this ac
complished woman—as beievolent and
humane as she was gifted ami fascinating
—in 1790, at the house of general La
fayette, when she was Countess of Beau
harnois, and when he was bit 17 years
of age. Her friendly advice to him, in
regard to the line of cdnduct vhich he—
a youth and a great stranger in the great
city of Paris—would do well to persue,
made a deep and lasting impassion on
his mind. He saw her first husband guil
lotined by order of tbe tyrant Robespi
erre, and saw her in prison, where she
was incarcerated by order of the same ty
rant (and from which she was not libera
ted until Robespierre, in his turn, lost his
own head.) He afterwards saw when
she was a poor widow in Paris—when she
was the wife of the Firfet Consul—when
she was the wife of the Emperor-v-when
she was the Ex-Empress—and was at
her bedside when her spirit returned to
God who gave it! The heart of Jose
phine was all love—she loved evon her
enemies—and the many institutions
which she founded in Palis for the com
fbrtand relief of the poor rnd needy of her
own sex, still remain as monuments of
her goodness and benevolence. She was
the idol of the French people, and her
memory is cherished by them with heart
felt affection. She was ;nd is styled by
them, the “Mother of France.” “Goto
Paris,” said Col. L., “anil ask a French
man where is the tomb tjf the Empress
Josephine? and he will pot understand
you ; but ask him where is the tomb of the
Mother of France, and he will immediate
ly direct you to Josephine.— Boston
Transcript.
Maternal Intlmnce.
When our land is fiilet| with pious and
patriotic mothers, then tvill it be filled 1
with virtuous and patriotic men. The
world’s redeeming influence, under the
blessing of the Holy Spirit, must come
from a Mother’s lips. Sl)e who was first
in the trausgression, must be yet the 1
principal earthly instrument in the restor-
• ation. Other causes may greatly aid.—
i Other influences must be ready to receive
the mind as it comes from the mother’s
1 hand, and carry it onward in its improve
ment. But the mothers of our race must
he the chief instruments in its redemp
tion. This sentiment will bear examin
ing ; and the more it is examined, the
more manifestly true will it appear. It is
alike the dictate of philosophy and expe
rience. The mother who is neglecting
personal effort, and relying upon other
influences for the formation of virtuous
character in her children, will find, when
it is too late, that she has fatally erred.—
The patriot, who hopes that schools, and
j lyceums, and the general diffusion of
knowledge, will promote the good order
; and happiness of the community, while
j family government is neglected, will find
1 that he is attempting to purify the streams
' which are flowing from a corrupt foun
-5 tain. It is maternal influence, after all,
’ "hich must he the great agent, in the
hands of God, in bringing back our guilty
race to duty and happiness. O that mo
thers could feel this responsibility as they
’ ought! Then would the world assume a
| different aspect. Then should we less
frequently behold unhappy families and
1 broken-hearted parents. A new race of
’ men would enter upon the busy scene of
• ‘‘fo, and cruelty and crime would pass
5 away.
5 Educate the People.
1 Lord Brougham says :If the people
2 arc unenlightened, they are the prey of
- every quack, imposter, every brawler
■ about liberty, and every agitator who
) may practice the trade in the country.
> If they do not qualify themselves to form
- opinions, other men will form opinions
• for them, not according to the truth and
• interest of the people, hut according to
their own individual and selfish interests,
i which will probably be contrary to that
•of the people. The best security is found
- in correct information on political sub
-5 jects and in good morals.
Men die, but knowledge ever lives;
and it behooves parents to see what the
children learn. We have so few writers
- in this country, that a great mass of
knowledge perishes with men when they
; cease to live. It should be the duty of
parents amt teachers, to form habits
, of thinking, acting, speaking, and writing
1 well, in the young. Few professional
j men can be found to write a readable
- letter, and not one in the thousand ever
r commit their pen to paper to benefit
i mankind. Flow much less the number
-of farmers, mechanics and business men.
- No wonder that quacks, impostors, and
1 political brawlers mislead the public mind.
’ Experience—-A Severe School-Master.
The following, from the Florida Senti
" nel, contains a wholesome lecture, which
' might find application in other parts of
1 the country as well as in Florida.
[ If after the first failure old Time would
but consent to a second trial under the
j same circumstances, few would be un
successful. But, alas! his car rolls on,
driving us before it, carrying us upon it,
, dismally pulling us after it, or at once,
for a finishing stroke, fatally running
over us. His lessons are of use only in
, future life. When (as often) he takes
, upon himself to give us a punch in the
, ribs or a knock over the cranium, instead
! of twisting, writhing, or groaning with
, the pain, it is our proper business to take
t care that we get out of his way as far as
I possible the next time Experience is a
hard old school-master —one that about
. as frequently kills his incautious pupils as
. contents himself with a mild and fatherly
_ correction. For the last two years or
. more he has taken the people of Middle
• Florida fairly in hand, and, as the veri
. table Slick says, he is lamming it into us
! like blazes!” At every stroke of his
cudgel—hear the old villain, how he
. taunts us in our misery. “There, take
, that!—run in debt again will you—
(wfoack;) spend money, be extravagant,
, prodigal, ride in carriages, cavort about,
(whack whack,) care nothing about econ
omy and frugality, (those homely vir
tures,)buy fine furniture for cabins, drive
a coach and four out of a rotten log stable,
give parties and balls, keep race nags,
drink wine and frolic, (whack, whack, -
whack :) send to Virginia for negroes, to
Kentucky for mules, to New' Orleans for
bacon, flour, rice, sugar, corn, and molas
ses, to New York for fine silks, laces,
jew'elry, and gew' gaws; depend on oth
ers ; raise nothing to cat, drink, or wear <
yourself; borrow money from Holland; (
charter large banks, get money from i
them, endorse, mortgage and mortgage (
' ~ ~ 1 i*.: 1 1 ..... ..',f—
[One Dollar a Year.
again; speculate, neglect business, mor
als education, will you? (Whack.) Oh,
yes! I’M teach you a thing or two that’s
worth knowing. 11l never lay by my
cudgel till you strip off your coats, go to
work, and earn your porridge, (whack.)
Off with them I sav; toil, dig, learn to
take care of yourselves, earn money and
save it, raise what you eat, pay for what
you buy; give no long credits, take
none; be sober, prudent, circumspect;
attend to your business, and don’t specu
late ; work, work, and let your bovs and
girls do likewise!” says the terible old
school-master.
Beautiful when Finished.
A poor Irish woman, with the simpli
city and the intelligence that character
izes her country, upon witnessing some
; of the many wonderful improvements
. of the present age, exclaimed, “ Ah, then,
, what a beautiful world it will be when it
,is finished!” The idea led to a train
. of thought not altogether uninteresting,
. the result of which was, to represent eve
. ry thing that hitherto seemed to .be per
l feet, in a most imperfect state ! from the
i contemplation of mau, down to the infe
] rior objects! Will he be finished in this
I - state ot existence? No! the resurrection
f day must dawn ere his perfection will be
s accomplished !—and, surely when we
turn to the page of history, and trace the
improvements that have taken place only
a few centuries back, down to our time,
- oiay we not re-echo the poor Irish wo
f man’s exclamation of “ Ah, then, what a
r beautiful world it will be when it is fin
) ished!”
, To Compositors,
s Poisonous effects of Type. —The Co
-1 lumbia (S. C.) Chronicle, says, a case
j has been reported through a London
, Medical journal, by Dr. Joslin, of New
t York, in which a compositor was attack
-1 ed with paralysis of the face in conse
. quence of holding type in his mouth,
while correcting proof, or otherwise.—
. The following is an extract from the re
j port:—“ A young man, W. H. L„ bad
5 been for the last four days unable to shut
• his mouth, except by means of his fingers,
, or by the impulse of the air against then
’ during a forced respiration. This war
3 the defect which appeared to give him
, most concern, as it affected hissp -c ch
j Os course, he could articulate no v rfis
; containing lobial letters. From th cir
r cumstance, and the expression—or rather
t total want of expression—of his sac , i
'f immediately perceived that there was
paralysis of all the muscles of the sac
] which were supplied by the pertio dursn
, Those supplied exclusively by other
nerves, were wholly unaffected. He had
perfect control of the tongue and of the
■ marsoter, temporal and other muscles
• specially appropriated to mastication.—
Still one difficulty existed in this opera
tion, viz: an inability to keep the food
i properly between the teeth. This was
1 to be anticipated, inasmuch as the bucin
■ ator, employed in this office, is also con
, nected with the function of respiration.
, The patient was wholly incapable of
, smiling or frowning, or closing the eye
; lids, from paralysis of the zygomatici,
i corrugator supercilli, orbicularis palpebra
' rum, &c. When I requested him to close
■ his eyes, the lower lid did not rise at all,
I but the eye-ball rolled extensively up
i ward under the upper lid, which descend
; ed a little, when I requested him to direct
> the eyes steadily towards me. While at
l tempting to shut them, he found it impos
: sible to cover the corner.”
Progress of Astronomy.
The Foreign Quarterly states that Sir
' John Herschel has observed in the Sou
■ thorn Hemisphere, about 2500 nebulae ,
s and 2000 double stars. Ho has detected
> among them, ample evidence of that
1 change and revolution which his father
: sugOested. It is understood, that the sole
• object of Sir John’s labors, is to com
i plete those of his father; which, should
he live to do, his work will become one
of the most remarkable monuments of
modern science.
Cobbett on Duelling.
Cobbett, when challenged to fight, re
commended the challenger to draw a
Cobbett in chalk upon a door, and if he
succeeded in hitting it to send him instant
word, in order that he might have an op
portunity of acknowledging that had the
rue Cobbett been there, he, in all prob
ability would have been hit too. But hit
or no hit, the bullets could have no effect
whatever;' he maintained, on the original
cause of the quarrel. jt