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1 WMIUTiTOIIM.
§ E firsi U &wssi®6mim, fJitrtatatml snmW jiEs«P®mfw
j Vol. II No. 16.]
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I A©%3<gHl)lLTm)[%iE.
The Apple Tree Borer.
The apple tree borer is the larvae of a
* beetle, called Saperda Vicittata, which is
| from more than a half to three quarters of
I ;tn inch in length ; the color brown and
1 white striped on the back, the under side
* white. It comes forth from the tree in a
! perfect state in June ; and in the latter
part of June and July it lays its eggs on
I • the bark near the root of the tree. They
f * hatch out in a short time. The grubs
are whitish, and nearly of a cylinder form.
The head is small and of a brown color.
They have no legs. With strong jaws
Is they eat through the k.rk and bore up
| wards through the wood, inclining to the
I heart of the tree. This is their general
course. The larvae state continues two
or three years, during which the borer
will have gone upwards of nine or ten
inches. It approaches (lie bark at the
end of its passage, by which it is covered
until it is changed into a beetle, when it
comes out, and in due time lays its eggs.
They may be easily destroyed by cut
| ting out or running a wire into the hole
soon after they have commenced their
j operations. They now have just buried
themselves in the bark and by examina
tion in season may tie discovered. Some
j have laid wood ashes around trees with
good effect; others say that it is effectu
| al in all cases. A few weeks since we
saw on the farm of Mr. Barak Leland, in
Sherburne, two orchards that have been
v completely protected, bv putting a small
I shovelful of good unleached ashes around
| each tree, while another orchard between
these two, and unprotected in this way,
was considerably injured by borets. Col
Daniel Leland, of the same town, said
that he found ashes to be an effectual
remedy.
It is best to have ashes from sound
hard wood, that they may be strong, and
1 as they are a good manure and a remedy
against other insects, it would be well to
apply them early in the spring, and again
in June or July. Wet the tree before
applying the ashes, unless it be so at the
time, and throw the ashes against the wet
tree 10 or 15 inches from the ground.
In addition to the ashes put a piece of
hard soap, about the size of a chesnut, into
the branches of the tree, in such a place
that as it dissolves in the rains it will
spread and run down over the whole
trunk. This, says a gentleman who prac
ticed it, destroys insects, makes the bark
smooth and healthy, and it is considered
a remedy against borers, and they have
not attacked any thus protected. It is
worthy of trial. It should be applied
early in the spring, and again in July or
August. This borer also attacks the
quince, mountain ash, and some kinds of
thorn.— Boston Cultivator .
it* m
[lt is said, that when a tree is infested
with catterpillars, if a hole is bored into
the body of the tree and a small quantity
of th e flower of sulphur be poured in and
the hole then plugged, the catterpillars
will speedily desert the tree. We have
also heard of the peach tree worm being
expelled by boring a gimblet hole in the
body of the tree and inserting a small
quantity of calomel, in the spring, taking
care to close the hole. Might not the
insertion of a small quantity of calomel or
sulphur into the apple tree expel the bor
er ? The experiment is easily made and
is worth trying. M.]
AUGUSTA, GA. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 23. 1843.
’ The Art of Priming Trees.
To understand the art of Pruning, we
r should be well acquainted with the philo
sophical principles of vegetation and the
organic structure of trees. A correct
r knowledge of vegetable physiology is as
1 necessary to the art of pruning, as the
’ science of anatomy is to the art of surge
e ry. As the veins and arteries aredirect
- ly connected with the heart, and are the
" channels of circulation extending to eve
ry part of the human system so in vege
- table organism, there is a series of arte
- rics, or vessels, extending from the roots
1 to every leaf, to convey the sap or lift'
y blood of the tree. When it gets to the
- extremities of the branches, it is there
expanded by the thin and delicate text
ure of the leaf, where it undergoes an
■ important chemical change, chiefly by the
operation of the solar light, which pre
pares it for the growth of the tree. This
preparation is then sent back, and in its
return, forms the bark, woody fibre, flow
ers and fruit. Each leaf, therefore, con
tributes to the preparation of the sap for
the growth of the little branch to which it
is attached, and also for the main trunk,
- and root of the tree. Thus we find, that
trees which have wide-spreading branch
r es, from near the ground to their tops,
have more tapering bodies, than those
J which have small tops : for the multitude
of branches and leaves which contribute
r to the growth of the body all the way
I down, will of course cause it to increase
in a conical form.
[( If you wish to prune a tree for a timber
r lgr<iwth, cut off all the lower branches,
1 and the growth of the trunk will depend
on those which are left, and will conse
s quentlygrow straight, and nearly of the
same size, as high as it was pruned. But
if you would prune a fruit tree to make it
productive, cut ofTthe centre shoot, when
high enough to form a top, and you thus
check the wood growth; and as a low
I and expanded top is most fruitful, pre
r, serve and shape the lower branches for
r | that purpose. A top of this form is best
calculated to resist winds, and to produce
fruit buds. The whole art consists in a
j strict observance of these principles in
j trees, vines, and every kind of vegetable,
to all which light and air are highly im
[ portant, particularly in the shape given
5 to fruit trees.— [Conn. Farm. Gaz.
r Grading.
M. Schroer recommends using a branch
• of the common willow, an inch or two in
£ diameter, in the following manner, as a
1 matrix for receiving the grafts of such
• varieties of apple, pear or quince trees, as
e it is desirable to multiply. Make iotlgi
-1 tudinal cuts or slits through the branch,
1 at equal distances of 15 or 18 inches.
* Take grafts, having two perfect buds,
give the lower end the usual wedge-shape,
1 using a keen knife, and insert them in
» the slits of the willow, making the lower
end sit close to the slit. Then bury the
' branch in a trench formed in good garden
1 soil, of such depth as would permit the
upper buds to protrude just above the
J surface of (he ground, when the trench is
* again filled. The ground must be wa
’ tered occasionally, if the season be dry,
3 and the weeds must be carefully extirpa
-1 ted whenever they appear. In the spring
3 of the following year, the branch may be
3 taken up and cut in pieces, leaving a
* small portion to each of the growing
grafts—which are to be replanted in a
f nursery. The willow does not form a
’ permanent union with the grafts, but
3 merely supplies nutriment till the proper
I fibrous roots are produced from the low-.
3 er bud.
To destroy Worms in Cabbage,
j lam not aware that the following easy
> and simple method of destroying worms
3 on cabbage has ever appeared in print.
] I belieYc it was discovered by an unlearn-!
r ed person, and I hope will not be less effi-j
; cacious on that account. As the worms
f are already commencing their depreda-j
tions, it will be well to publish it soon.
At night, (about sun down,) strip off
one of the lower leaves and lay it on the
1 top of the cabbage, back side down. In
3 the morning very early take it off, and the
7 whole, or a large portion of the worms of
1 that cabbage will be on it, and can be
5 disposed of as any sees fit. Two or three
3 trials will effectually free the cabbage
7 from all worms. I believe it never fails
‘ except when the nights are quite cool.
Respectfully, W. Chandler.
s A Fine Cohn Field.—Gen’l. Shelby,
• of Kentucky, has a hundred acre field,
■ which will average 100 bushels to the
1 acre. It is planted 4 feet each way, with
4 stalks to the hill.— [Ex. paper.
MB®EUL&N(|©!y>®.
[ln a debate in the Massachusetts Leg
islature, on an amendment to the Con
stitution, proposing to reduce the number
of the members of the House of Repre
sentatives, a Mr. Hobart, of Leicester,
undertook to ridicule the population of
Boston, calling them a set of “printers,
book-binders, barbers, cobblers, tailors
and tinkers, moving here and there with- '
' out any permanent places of abode.” 1
’ Mr. Bavlies, of Taunton, replied in the
| following happy manner.]
. I have had some exp rier.ec in legis
.jlation, having held a seat in different leg
. islative bodies for ten years. 1 have lis
, tened to many legislative debates, and I
. have listened to many extraordinary
. speeches, but I must confess the most ex
s traordinary was the one which was made
<by the gentleman from Leicester. Is
. that gentleman aware of the character
.of his proposition! In adjusting the
r terms of an amendment to the constitu-
I tion, he advocates the establishment of a
, principle which would tolerate a real bona
j fide aristocracy. He has gravely urged
. upon this assembly the proprietyjofgiving;
to one class of our citizens greater civil |
, privileges than are allowed to tjie other
o classes. If this proposition prevails, one
P class must be favored at (ho expense of
, the others, and those thus favored become
e virtually an aristocracy, tor it is hot titles
which makes up an aristocracy, hut priv
r ileges. Ho would deny an equality of
S) rights and privileges to the printdrs, book
[l binders, clock-makers, or in other words,
. the mechanics of our state, on whom he
e has lavished his sneers, and whom lie en.
t deavors to cover with contempt. 11c
t speaks of them as “birds of passage,”
a “moving planets,” as devoid both of pa
js triotism and of local attachment, as men
■ f without a home, who hang on society as
. incumbrances, and he has placed them in
r humilliating contrast with the cultivutorsj
I of the soil, to which class he complacently!
b tells us he belongs.
a Sir, there are none who cherish a more
i sincere respect for the yeomanry—than
myself. I know their worth—l know
. their virtues—l would give them their
a full share of civil and political privileges,
but I would give them no more, and if I
understand their feelings! they would ask
no more. I am not Certain that they
1 would ever contend sos more than an
1 equality of privileges, and 1 believe them
1 to be the last who would undertake to
1 wrest from their neighbor one title of their
s right.
The gentleman from Leicester has
> called up his revolutionary reminiscences,
• and has told us of his personal knowledge
> of the patriots and heroes who composed
> the glorious band of revolutionary chiefs,
1 the men who were engaged in the most
r noble enterprise of modern times. But,
; sir, I can tell that gentleman that it is not
1 amongst the green hills of the county of
; Worcester that he can look for those dar
: ing spirits who gave the first impulse
5 which resulted in that mighty event. In
■ two little rooms in this city were assembled
i the men who devised the project ofeman
■ cipating a nation—the pioneers of the
■ American revolution were the Mechanics
; of Boston. In their meetings they delib
derated on the highest objects of human
concernment, a nation’s rights; and hav
ing ascertained the strength of the foun
-1 dation, they had no dread of the issue,
1 iand courted the conflict. I can transport
the gentleman to another place—the
■ Carpenters’ Hall, in the city of Philadel
i phia. In that place, on a day memorable
in our annals, the Fourth day of July,
. 1776, a deed was done which Ims no par
. allel. On that day, in that place, was as
sembled the most august political body
that ever.deliberated on a nation’s des
. tiny. Five men had been selected as the
j elite of that assembly—the greatest
. amongst the great —to prepare the man
ifesto of a nation’s wrongs. Amongst
■ them was a man by the name of Benja
. min Franklin, (the gentleman from Lei
cester in his multifarious reading, may ;
.have read of him;) a man mightly amongst
■ the sons of men, who by common consent ;
stood at the head of philosophers of Amer-j]
, ica and Europe, whose deep investigations i
into the secrets of nature, had given him i
the knowledge of her subtlest, most mys- I
terious, most tremendous, most destruc- i
tive agent, which he disarmed of its pow- I
er. Yes, sir, he played with the forked I
lightning as with a tamed snake, and yet t
the elements of that marvellous wisdom ;
which enlightened and astonished the 1
world, were gathered in a printers office, \
land this great man was a Printer . <
There was another not the inferior
ofFranklin in sagacity, but his superior
in a sound practical knowledge of politics.
A man whose opinion was the essence :
of strong common sense, the results of
the united action of a clear head and an
honest heart. The name of this man ;
was Roger Sherman, (the gentleman
from Leicester has head of him.) This
Roger Sherman wrought at the trade of a
Shoemaker, many years after ho had
readied the age of maturity.
There was another, not a mechanic
himself, but the son of a mechanic; I will
take the gentleman from the room where
the statesmen of America assembled, to
that in which the philosophers of America ,
assembled. In the chair of the last he <
once would have seen David Rittenhome,
a Watch-maker, one of the greatest as
tronomers and mathematicians of the age.
I will take the gentleman a little fur
ther, even into the state of South Caro
lina; and as he lived in revolutionary
times, he might once have heard of a gen
eral who was one of the first of military
men, a genius who could appropriate the
benefits of his enemy’s victories to his
own use, and triumph in defeat, and
iwhose victories were conquests. His
name was Nathaniel Green a Blacksmith ,
like my worthy friend from Hinsdale
; (Mr. Emmons.) He went forth from his
anvil to lead armies and to win glory as a
1 hero and a patriot.
1 will now take the gentleman to Ger-,
many ; and as he has disclosed to us that
he is a reader of the scriptures by plenti
■ ful quotations and allusions, I will shew
i him the man, without whose aid he might
' possibly have never seen a Bible. 1
mean, sir, John Faustus, a printer, and
| the inventor of the art of Printing.
I will now take the gentleman to Eng
land, to introduce him to a person of the
name of Brindley, the constructor of those
; magnificent canals, which, in the course
of *2O years, tripled the wealth of England.
I This man was a Mill-wright. There
was another, who, by giving the steam
engine its highest capacity, swelled the
; British wealth in a yet greater ratio ; his
i name was James Watt, a maker of
r mathematical instruments.
The gentleman has told he sometimes
, condescended to enter a Barber’s shop—
not to hold any converse with its humble
occupants, but only to receive a touch
of his art, and then to depart, and, as if in
disdain of the man who could pursue an
employment so humble. But I can tell
i the gentleman that this trade, humble as
it is, was once practised by a mightv
genius, who invented an improvement in
the machinery of spinning cotton, which
has not only laid the foundation of some
of the most magnificent fortunes of Amer
ica—which has not only filled our coun
try with wealth, but which, like the touch
of the enchanter’s wand, lias concentra
ted the treasures of the world in the
Island of Great Britain. 1 mean Richard
Arkwright, by the courtesy of England,
Sir Richard—a man who by the force
of genius translated himself from a bar
ber’s shop to the British Parliament, and
to a place amongst the proud knights
of the proudest aristocracy in the world.
The genius of these three mechanics
Brindley, Watt and Arkwright upheld the
sinking fortunes of England, and placed
her on that high eminence from which
she overlooks the world.
Although I may weary the gentleman
from Leicester, 1 must take him to anoth
er place—a little town in the centre
of England called Stratford-on-Avon.—
There dwelt in ancient times a man,
whose name was William Shakspeare—l
dare say the gentleman has heard of him,
for he was a mighty spirit, whose influ
ence, like that of heavenly bodies, is even
now calling upon the tides of human feel
ing. He was a man who has thrown the
charm of genius on the lowest walks of
life—surrounded the throne of mirth
with new delights varied into countless ’
varieties the shades and the shapes of his j
humor—given a new and graceful dignity :
to the humblest of the virtues—imparted '
a blander spirit to social life—pervaded ’
the very depth of the soul with strange
and wondrous powers of pathos, and im- (
j pressed upon sublimity itself a sterner j
and loftier character. Yes, sir he was a
mighty enchanter, who would call forth j
from the invisible world a new variety j
of scenes and beings, and could give to
these “airy nothings” “a local habita- '
tion and a name”—the fancies of poetry,
and the breathings of prophecy. And 1
yet this gifted man, whose works are
familiar to Americans and Englishmen—
whose magic influences is felt wheresoev- <
er the language of England is read and,(
[One Dollar a Year.
spoken—in the far places of the world—
even its extremities in the east and in the
west; for though we could strike the
sceptre of King George from this hand
when he waved it over our regions, the
throne of Shakspeare is yet amongst us
as immoveable as the Alleganies. This
wondrous man, whose empire is universal
who has
‘ ruled like a wiz/.ard the world of the heart,
And called up its sunshine and brought down i s show
ers,”
was a wool comber!
I have in my way endeavored to fur
nish the gentleman from Leicester with
my historical reminiscences, from which
I hope he will learn that these humble
mechanics, whom he derides, have exer
cised a most powerful, direct and decided
influence upon the comforts, the happi
ness, the morals, (lie wealth and the power
ot man. That they have brought to the
common stock ot'human knowledge their
full proportion of useful science, invention
and genius—that from their ranks have
sprung warriors and statesmen, poets and
philosophers.
I could swell the catalogue with many
more illustrious names, but I have furnish
ed the gentleman with enough at present,
lie may give heed to my facts if he
pleases. He may call my statements
“tinkling stiitf,” if it suits him; but I
hope he will not again undertake to
deride a class of men, who to say the least,
are as respectable as any other.
1 lam sensible, Mr. Speaker, that I have
been too discursive, and that much of my
matter is foreign to the question ; but as
the gentleman from Leicester entered up
on a wide field, I thought it would be no
great violation of parliamentary rule to
I follow him.
Rules of Conjugal & Domestic Happiness.
. Be careful that custom and habit do
, not lessen your attention to each other,
, or the pleasing satisfaction with which
they were at first, both shown and re
, ceived.
Whenever you perceive a languor in
, your affections, always make it a rule to
s suspect yourself. The object which once
■ inspired regard, may, perhaps, be still the
same, and the blame only attaches to you.
s Be sure to avoid unkind and irritating
.language. Always conciliate. Ibis your
. interest and your duty. Recollect, every
i day, what God has borne with you.
i Study your partner’s character and
disposition. Many little nice adjustments
are requisite for happiness. You must
i both accommodate, or you must both be
unhappy.
Do not expect too much. You are not
always the same : no more is your part
ner. Sensibility must be watched over,
or it will soon become its own tormentor.
When you discover failings which you
did not suspect, and this you may be as
sured will be the case, think on the oppo
site excellence, and make it your prayer
that your regard may not be diminished.
If you are heirs of the grace of life, your
tailings will shortly be over; you will
hereafter be perfect in the divine image.
Esteem and love each other now, as you
certainly will then. Forbearance is the
trial ofthis life only.
The Old l<'ish and the Young Ones.
Temptation ; or being led into danger.
A fisherman having thrown a nice bait
into the water, which was fastened to a
hook at the end of his line, drew it along
so cunningly, that many young fish were
deceived by it, and were eagerly hasten
ing to get a nibble. “Stop, stop,” said
an old fish, that saw them moving on so
fast; “ whichever bites that worm, will
be caught by the sly fisherman whom I
see near the bank of the river, or, if he
escape, he will be severely wounded, or
perhaps he doomed all his days to wear a
hook in his mouth.” “I see no fisher
man,” said one of the young ones; come
on, comrades, follow me. If you arc
afraid, I will bite first, and shall have a
good nibble before you. y So saying, he
seized the hook, and instantly disappear
ed from the river, and just lived long
enough to repent of his folly.
The >oung should always listen to the
old, when they warn them against dan
ger, as the old have more knowledge than
the young. For want of so doing, many
are burnt by going too near the fire,
drowned by going into the water, and
hurt still worse by joining the society of
wicked children. They should, then,
mind the advice which says, “My son,
if sinners entice thee, consent thou not.”
[ Western S. S. Magazine.
In Mexico there are about six million
of females, only two thousand of whom
can write their own names!