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'i-- - |
Officers Augusta tV. T. A Society. j
Dr. JOS. A. EVE. President.
Dr. DANIEL HOOK, J
Rev. VVM. J. HARD, > Vice Presidents
HAWKINS HUFF, Esq. )
WM. HAINES, Jr. Secretary.
L. D. LALLERSTEDT, Treasurer.
Managers:
James Harper, Rev. C. S. Dod,
John G. Dunlap, E. E. Scofield,
John Milledge, James Godby,
Preserviug Sweet Potatoes.
Select a dry place, level the earth, and
lay a bed of dry straw so as to torm about
six feet in diameter. On this straw pile
tip the potatoes until they form a cone
four or five feet high, over which spread
a little dry' grass. Then cover the entire
cone with corn-stalks set endwise, with j
the buts resting on the ground, and the
tops reaching over the apex, of a sufii- j
cient thickness to conceal all ot the pota
toes. Then cover the whole pile with
earth at a depth of at least a foot, without
leaving any air-hole at the top, as is fre
quently done. A small shelter should
then be made so as to prevent the rains
from washing off the earth. This may
be done by inserting in the ground, about
the pile, four forked stakes, on which
rails may be placed to support the cover
ing, which may consist of boards, bark,
thatch or other substances. Potatoes
can be preserved in this manner until
June, nearly as fresh as when first put up.
Lucerne.
In no former period (says a correspon
dent of the Mark-Lane Express) have I
experienced the value of lucerne, as du
ring the present protracted drought. I
have now nearly finished my first crop,
which I have been cutting green for hor
ses and cows much of which measures in
height 36 inches, and very thick. My
second crop is now from 24 to 26 inches
high, and as thick as the first. lam now
about cutting this for hay. It does not
appear to be in the least affected by the
severe drought, which I attribute to the
very great depth the roots run down. I
would again urge all farmers to try to
grow lucerne ; for of all summer food for
horses, this is the very best. lam in
clined to say, likewise, nothing can be
better food for cows, for mv own have j
lived entirely upon it the last three weeks,
my feeding pasture being quite burned
up for want of rain, and have produced a
full quantity of butter.
Simple and effectual remedy for Hove
in Cattle. —Try the remedy of an egg
shell full of tar, before you attempt the
barbarous practice of sticking. If two
men hold the animal’s head straight, a
third, by moving the tongue to the right
side, can easily put down its throat egg
shell and tar, and in ten minutes relief
will usually take place; but a second
dose has never failed. Cattle to be kept
at a brisk walking pace through the yard
until relieved.
Pickles.
Musk Mellons should be pickled for
mangoes when green and hard. They
should be cut open after they have been
in salt water ten days, the inside scraped
out clean, and filled with mustard seed,
allspice, horse-radish, small unions, &c.,
and sewed together. Scalded vinegar
should then be poured upon them.
Walnuts. —When these are so ripe
that a pin will go into them easily, they
are ready for pickling. They should be
soaked twelve days in a very cold and
strong water, which has been boiled and
skimmed. A quantity of vinegar enough
to cover them well, should be boiled with
whole pepper, mustard seed, small onions
or garlic, cloves, ginger, and horse-rad
ish ; this should not be poured upon them
until it is cold. They should lie in pickle !
a few months before they are eaten. —
To be kept ciose covered, for the air
softens them. The liquor is an excel*
lent catsup to be eaten on fish.
Peppers. —Put peppers into strong
salt and water, and let them remain there
till they become yellow ; then turn them
green by keeping them in warm salt and
water, shifting them every two days.— i
Then strain them, and pour scalding vin- i
egar over them. A bag of mustard seed i
put in the jar is an improvement. If i
there is mother in the vinegar, scald and 1
strain it. j
Cucumbers. —Cucumbers should lie in i
weak brine three or four days after they
are pickled ; then they should be put in ]
a tin or wooden pail of clean water, and
kept slightly warm in the kitchen cor- i
AU6BSTA WASHINGTONIAN.
A WEEKLY PAPER: DEVOTED TO TEMPERANCE, AGRICULTURE, & MISCELLANEOUS READINGS.
Vol. III.]
| ner for two of three days; then take as
I much vinegar as you think your pickle
jar will hoid; scald it, with pepper, all
spice. mustard seed, flag.root, horse-rad
ish, &c., if you happen to have them;
half of them will spice the pickles very
well. Throw in a piece of alum as big
as a walnut; this serves to harden the
pickles. Skim the vinegar clean, and
pour it scalding hot over the cucumbers.
Brass vessels are not healthy for prepar
ing any thing acid.
Red Cabbages need no other pickling
than scalding, spiced vinegar poured over
them, and suffered to remain eight or ten
days before you eat them. Some think it
improves them to keep them in salt and
water 24 hours before they are pickled.
If you find vour pickles soft and insip
id, it is owing to the weakness of the
vinegar. Throw away the vinegar, (or
keep it to clean your brass kettles) tiien
j cover your pickles with strong, scald
ing vinegar, into which a little allspice,
: ginger, horse-radish, and alum have been
thrown. By no means omit a pretty
large piece of alum. Pickles treated in
this way, will keep for years, and be bet
ter and better every vear.
Some people prefer pickled nasturtion
slfced to capers. They should be kept
stveral days after they are gathered, and
t|en covered up with boiling vinegar,
bottled when cold. They are not fit
tij be eaten for some months.
iMartinocs are prepared in nearly the
sdme way as other pickles. The salt
a|d water in which they are put, two or
twee days previous to pickling, should
bt changed every day ; because martin
oi i are very apt to become soft. No
sp ce should be used but allspice, cloves
am cinnamon. Scald themartinoes and
spice in the vinegar, instead of pouring
it |uer them.— Western Cultivator
Corn Bread.
k correspondent of the Western Cul
tivator, writing over the signature of
‘ Coi»in Polly, gives the following recipe
for/naking “good corn bread.”
‘ Well, as I was going to tell your fe
ma ereaders how I make good corn bread,
as think, wfyen well made, it is the best
bre d eaten, and the healthiest, and the
molt generally liked. Besides, cousin
(exi Use me for this familiarity, for I wrote
!it d|wn before I thought, and although
this! relationship does in fact exist, yet
we pever had the pleasure of a personal
acquaintance) you know some seasons,
that when the wheat crops fail, we poor
folks| are obliged to use a great deal of
this trticle.
“ Veil, to the subject. Take as much
corn meal as you wish to cook, scald it
well bv pouring boiling water over it and
stirri ig it thoroughly; then mix it to the ;
consistency of batter, with milk—if it is;
prett' rich it won’t hurt it; but mind the
mixii g part, that it is thoroughly done,
the r ore the better. Put in one egg, a
tea-sfoonful of salaeratus, and a table-1
spoon ul or more of lard. Mix the whole !
thoroi ghly together, till the ingredients i
are c itirely incorporated through the j
whole—mind I say the mixing, the more j
the better. It is now to be baked as j
usual, about three quarters of an hour, |
and you will have the finest corn bread j
vou evter ate.”
” Wll 8© £LL££) 13§ a
- -f- - -
A Burning Forest.
The following account of a burning !
forest was given to Audubon, the Ameri- i
can ornithologist, by a hunter in the
back woods, at whose cabin he passed
the night.
It is a difficult thing, sir, to describe ; 1
but I will do my best to make your time
pass pleasantly. We were sound asleep,
one night, in a cabin about a hundred
miles ftom this, when about two hours
' before day, the snorting of the horses,
and the lowing of the cattle which I had
ranged in the woods, suddenly awakened
us. I took niy rifle and went to the
door to see what beast had caused the i
hubbub, when I was struck by the glare |
of light reflected on all the trees before
me, as far as I could see through the
woods. My horses were leaping about, 1
snorting loudly, and the cattle ran among
them, with their tails raised straight over ,
their backs. On going to the back of life
house I plainly heard the crackling made 1
by the burning brushwood, and saw the <
flames coming toward us in a far extend- '
ed line. I ran to the house, told my !
wife to dress herself and child as quick- i
ly as possible, and take the little money *
we had, while I managed to catch and
saddle the two best horses. All this was I
AUGUSTA, GA. SEPTEMBER 28, 1844.
done in a very short time, for I guessed j
that every moment was precious to us.
We then mounted and made off from
the fire. My wife, who is an excellent j
rider, stuck close to me; mv daughter,
who was then a small child, I took in one |
arm. When making oft', as I said, I
looked back and saw the frightful blaze
was close upon us, and had already laid
bold of the house. By good luck there
was a horn attached to my hunting
clothes, and I blew it, to bring after us if
possible, the remainder of my live stock,
as weil as the dogs. The cattle follow
ed for a while, but before an hour had c
lapsed, they all ran as if mad through the
woods—and that, sir, was the last of them.
My dogs too, though at all other times
extremely tractable, ran after the deer
that in droves sprang up before us, as if
fully aware of the death that was so
rapidly approaching.
We heard blasts from the horns of our j
neighbors as we proceeded, and knew that!
they were in the same predicament.—
Intent on striving to the utmost to save
our lives, I thought of a large lake, some
miles ofl', which might possibly check !
the flames ; and urging my wife to whip
up her horse, we set ofl - at full speed,
making the best way we could over ma
ny obstacles placed there on purpose to
keep up the terific fire that advanced with
a broad front upon us.
By this time we could feel the heat
and avc were afraid that our horses would
drop every instant. A singular kind of
breeze was passing over our heads, and
the glaro of the atmosphere shone over
the daylight. I was sensible of a slight
faintness, and my wife looked pale.—
The heat had produced such a flush in
the child’s face, that when she turned to
ward either of us our grief and perplex
ity were greatly increased. Ten miles,
you know, are soon gone over oil swift
horses ; but notwithstanding this, when
we reached the borders of the lakes, cov
ered with sweat, and qiiite exhausted,
jour hearts failed us, the heat of the
| smoko was insufferable, the sheets of
blazing fire flew over us in a manner be
iyond belief. We reached the shores,
however, coasled the lake for awhile, and
got round on the lee side. There we
gave up our horses, which we never saw
again. Down among the rushes we
plunged by the side of the water, and
laid ourselves flat, to wait the chance of
escaping from being burned or devoured.
The water refreshed us, and we enjoyed
the coolness.
On went the fire, rushing and crushing
! through the woods. Such a sight may
|we never see! The heavens themselves
11 thought were frightened, for nil abovo
us was a red glare mixed with clouds of
| smoke, rolling and sweeping away. Our
' bodies were cold enough but our heads
were seoreliing, and the child, who now
seemed to understand the matter, cried
j so as nearly to break our hearts.
The day passed on, and we became
j hungry. Many wild beasts came plung
i ing into the water beside us, and others
j swarn across to our side anti stood still.
| Although faint and weary, I managed to
j shoot a porcupine, and we all tasted its
flesh. The night passed I cannot tell
{you how. Smouldering fires covered
j the ground, and the trees stood like pil
! tars of fire or fell across each other.—
The stifling and sickening smoko still
j rushed over us and the burnt cinders and
j ashes fell thick around us. Hovr we got
i through that night I really cannot tell,
for about some of it I remember nothing.
Toward morning, although the heat did
not abate, the smoke became less, and
i the blasts of fresh air sometimes made
their way to us.
When morning came all was calm,
but a dismal smoke still filled the air,
and the smell seemed worse than ever.
We were now cool enough, and shiver
ing as if in an ague fit; so we removed
from the water and went up to a burn
ing log where we warmed ourselves.—
What was to become of us, I did rio
know. My wife hugged the children to t
her breast and wept bitterly; but God
had preserved us throughout the worst
of the danger and the flames had gone
past, so I thought it would be both un
grateful to Him and unmanly to despair
now. Hunger once more pressed upon
us, but this was easily remedied. Sev
eral deer were still standing in the wa
ter up to the head, and I shot one of them.
Some of its flesh was soon roosted ; and,
after eating it, we felt wonderfully
strengthened.
By this time the blaze of the fire was
bd%nd our sight, although the ground
I "'as still burning in many places, and it!
was dangerous to go among the burnt |
trees. After resting awhile and trim—
ming ourselves, we prepared to com- i
mence. Taking up the child, I led the !
way over the hot ground and rocks; and
after two weary days and nights, during ■
which we shifted in the best manner we ;
could, we at last reached the “hard
woods” which had been free of the fire.
Soon after we came to a house where we
were kindly treated for a while. Since
then, sir, 1 have worked hard and con
stantly as a lumberer; but thanks be to
God, here we are, safe, sound and hap
py.—American Ornithology.
Antiquity of Church Hells.
The precise date of the invention of
bells cannot be traced. The ancients,
it appears from Martial, Juvenal, Sueto
; nius, and others, had an article named
tintinnabula, (usually translated bell) by
which the Romans were summoned to
their baths and public places. It seems
most probable, that the description of
i bolls now used in churches were invented
j about the year four hundred, and gener
j ally adopted before the commencement
iof the 7th century. Previous to their
invention, however, sounding brass, and
sometimes basins, were used; and to the
present day the Greek church have boards
or iron plates, full of holes, which they
strike with a hammer or mallet, to sum
mon the priests and others to divine ser
• I vice. We may also remark that in our
own country, it was the custom in mon
asteries to visit every persons cell early
in the morning, and knock on the door
with a similar instrument, called the
waking mallet—doubtless no very pleas
ing intrusion on the slumbers of the
Monks.
But the use of bells, having been estab
lished, it was thought that devils were
terrified at the sound, and slunk in haste
away ; in consequence of which it was
found necessary to baptize them in a so
lemn manner, which appears to have
• been first done by Pope John XIII., A. D.
968. A record of the practice still ex
ists in the Tom of Lincoln, and the great
Tom at Oxford, &c.
Having thus laid down (he foundation
of superstitious veneration in the hearts
of common people, it cannot be a matter
of surprise that they were soon used at
• rejoicings, and high festivals in the
church, (for the purpose of driving away
any evil spirit which might be in the
neighborhood) as well as on the arrival
of any great personage, on which occasion
the usual fee was one penny.
One other custom remains to be ex
plained, viz: tolling bell on the occasion
of any person’s death, a custom which, in
the manner now practiced, is totally dif
ferent from its original institution. It
appears to have been used as early as the
7th century.* when bells wore first gen
erally used, and to have been demonstra
ted the soul bell, (as it signified the de
parting of the soul) and also the passing
bell. Thus Wheally tells us, “ Our
Church, in imitation of the Saints of for
mer ages, calls in the minister and others
who are at hand, to assist their brother
in his last extremity; in order to this,
she directs a bell should be tolled when
any one is passing out of this life.” Du
rand also says—“ When any one is dying,
bells must be tolled, that the people may
put up their prayers for him ; let this be
done twice for a woman, and thrice for a
man. If for a clergyman, as many times
as he had orders; and at the conclusion,
a peal of all the bells, to distinguish the
quality of the person for whom the peo
ple are to put up their prayers.” From
these passages it appears evident that
the bell was to be tolled before a person’s
decease, rather than after, as at the pre
sent day; and that the object was to ob
tain the prayers of all who hear it, for the
repose of the soul of their departing neigh
bor. At first, when the tolling took
place after the person’s decease, it was
deemed superstitious, and was partially
disused ; which was found materially to
j affect the revenue of the church. The
| priesthood having removed the objection,
I bells were again tolled, upon payment of
the customary fees.— Eng. paper.
♦Many, however, consider it of much later
adoption.
The Clock of Strasbourg.
A correspondent of the New York
American, writing from Cologne, gives <
the following account of this great clock: i
“ The Cathedral of Strasbourg is well :
known to every one as the highest build
ing in Europe, and only surpassed in
WASHIXGTONIAW
TOTAL ABSTINENCE PLEDGE.
We, whose names are hereunto an
nexed, desirous of forming a Society for
our mutual benefit, and to guard against
a pernicious practice, which is injurious
to our health, standing and tamilies, do
pledge ourselves as Gentlemen, not to
drink any Spirituous or Malt Liquors,
I Vine or Cider.
[No. 11.
| height by the pyramid of Chiops., As,
however, there are six hundred and fifty
five Steps to ascend, as the ascent can
| only be made by special permission, and,
last but not least, one must ascend a great
part of the way upon the outside of the
, spire, I contented myself with looking
at the top. The view from it is said to
be fine, but the surrounding country is so
level that I am inclined to suppose it ra
ther extensive than beautiful. The so
much talked of clock is in the cathedral,
; and occupies a space of 40 feet high and
20 wide. This clock was for a long time
out of order, and no one could be found
capable of repairing it. At last an artist
appeared, who, after long and minute
study of the machinery, agreed to put the
clock in motion again for the small sum
of three hundred thousand francs. As
he was the only person who would un
dertake it at any price, the sum was pro
mised to him. He immediately went U
work, and after more than three yeu. s
labor, and the reconstruction of the r
cipal part of the machinery, the wl:
now in perfect order.
At noon all the autometa are in mo
tion, and there is always a crowd assem
bled to witness the performance. Time
strikes the hour, the angel turns his hour
glass, the disciples pass in procession be
fore their Master, and the cock flaps his
wings, erects his crest and crows.
Anecdotes of French Infidelity.
The following anecdotes are related
by Madame la Contesse de Genlis, in a
work entitled “ The dinner Parties of the
Baron d’Holbach
“ Morvcl, an actor, sat in the pulpit of
tho cathedral of Nolre-Dame, at Paris,
during the French Revolution, as High
Priest of Reason; and, eight years af
terwards, lie died in the most dreadful
state of raving madness.
“ Mademoiselle Aubry, an actress of
the opera, nearly naked, and represent
ing the Goddess of Reason, was seated
upon the high aitar of the church of
Notre-Dame, to receive the solemn hom
age of the people. This same woman,
seven years afterward, playing Minerva,
in an opera, and being placed in a sort of
enr, fell from the top of the theatre, all
the cords of the machine breaking at
once. The fall knocked out her teeth,
broke her shoulder and one of her legs,
and disfigured her fuce in a most fright
ful manner. Two children, who were to
have been placed at the foot of the god
dess, representing the Genii of Arts,
were detained by an accident in the Rue
des Lombards; they were taken into a
shop, where they remained a quarter of
an hour. Mdllo. Aubry wished to wait
for them, before she mounted the car;
the audience, however, would not suffer
this; and even when a few minutes’
longer delay was solicited, they refused
it. Tiie children arrived just at the mo
ment of the fall!
“Here we observe the ‘ high priest of
reason ’ dying deslracted; the goddess
receiving her punishment in the very
same character in which her crime had
been committed; and inuocence spared
in the person of the children. What
food for reflection!”
Widows.
\oung widows are always blithe.—
They ever meet one with a smile and
flattoring word. Can any one tell why?
Young widows pay very scrupulous at
tention to dress. None know so well as
they what colors, black or otherwise, are
best suited to their complexion, nor what
tricks of millinery best serve to heighten
the beauty of their form. Their knowl
edge of this subject they will put in prac
tice. Does any one know why ? Young
widows, if at first pleasant, gay, and
agreeable through aflectedness, presently
become really so, through a habit. It is
said that she who is married a second
time is a better wife to her second than
she was to her first husband. Who can
give a reason, if I have not given it?—
Young widows are better pleased with
old bachelors than with widowers. What
can be the reason ? Young widows are
the most charming part of creation—the
envy of one sex and the beloved of the
other —and why ?
A Cure for Ague. —Take one spoon
ful of burdock root tea, one spoonful of
coperas, one spoonful of steel dust, one
spoonful of sulpher, mix them altogether
and make them into pills about the size
of'common summer grapes; take one
every morning till the shaking leaves.