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Officers Augusta IF. T. A Society.
Dr. JOS. A. EVE, President.
Dr. DANIEL HOOK, J
Rev. WM. J. HARD, !- Vice Presidents
HAWKINS HUFF, Esq. )
WM. HAINES, Jr. Secretary.
L. D LALLERSTEDT, Treasurer.
MANAGERS :
James Harper, E. E. Scofield,
Rev. C. S. Dod, James Godby,
John Milledge,
Improving Land by Green Manures.
—lt is believed by some that the best
kind of vegetable growth for turning in,
in the form of green manure, is Indian
corn sown broadcast. If it be intended
to apply lime to the land, it would be well
to do so the fall before. Then, as early
as t circumstances will permit, sow corn
broadcast, say 3 or 4 bushels to the
acre, and as soon as it has grown as high
as it can conveniently be turned under,
with a deep-working plough, turn it un
der, and immediately sow another crop
the same way, turning that under as be
fore but with a medium plough run cross
ways of the previous furrow. In the
Middle and Southern States three crops
can thus be turned under in one season.
It is believed that no system of manuring
or renovation except the heaviest appli
cation of stable manure, can compare
with this plan in its results. If the land
be very poor the first crop will be very
light, but light as it may be, it will add a
very considerable portion of the elements
of vegetable nutriment to the soil; and
thus the second crop will be greatly im
proved, and the third will be all that can
be desired. It is believed that in this
four times as much improvement will be
effected in one season as can by means
of clover in three or four years. For
this purpose farmers in the North should
use the tall kinds of Southern corn, as
being of moro rapid growth, and furnish
ing vastly more matter for the soil.—
Cultivator.
Orchards. —ls your trees have moss
on them, or their bark is rough, scrape
them in the spring; but whether they are
so or not, take a mixture of equal parts
of soft soap and sulpher, and paint the
trunks from the roots as far upwards as
you can well reach. This will destroy
the insect embryo, and preserve your
trees from the girdling of mice and rats.
And to destroy the worms or eva which
may be in the ground, dig the earth from
around the roots of the trees, for a few
feet, and to the depth of a few inches,
and submit the earth thus up, to the ope
ration of fire: when cool, mix with it a
gallon of lime to each tree, and replace
it. If you doubt the efficacy of this
treatment, try it on a few tree? this fall,
and we wiil bet you a peck of “ Ladies’
Blushes” that you’ll subject every fruit
tree on your farm to the same operation
next fall.— American Farmer.
Planting and Manufacturing.
Having, in these terrible times and
worse prospects, like many other planters,
given some reflection to the situation of
the cotton grower, I have come to two
conclusions.
That even if every one raise his own
meat and bread, horses and mules, it will
not enhance the price of cotton sufficient
to afford us visible and sensible relief.
Those things must be attended to, and
without delay : but they fall short of the
mark. We must look for permanent re
lief from the inducements held out to
the culture of the sugar cane and hemp.
The duty on sugar and molasses must be j
maintained, and the interest of the cot- j
ton planter would be promoted, if the
duty were greater. It is to the interest
of the cotton grower that every foot of
land suitable for the culture of the cane,
should be so employed, and thereby out
of the cotton business. It is the same
with hemp. The hemp business now
employs many hands that would other
wise be brought into the cotton region.
And if the price of cotton continue de
pressed, many planters on the river, a
bove Vicksburg, w ould abandon its cul
ture and go to raising hemp, especially
if the duty on the latter were fully ade
quate to the protective system.
As regards manufacturing, the mass of
our citizens don’t understand the subject.
They have never had the benefits of ob
servation or experience of its advanta
ges. Speculation and theorizing w’on’t
enlighten their minds. You may write
and publish and speak from year’s end
to year's end, and you will find yourself
just where you.started from. You may
AUGUSTA WASHINGTONIAN.
jA WEEKLY PAPER: DEVOTED TO TEMPERANCE, AGRICULTURE, & MISCELLANEOUS READINGS. J
Vol. 111.]
tell an intelligent planter that a large
wollen factory established in Hinds would
be a market for all the wool that could
be raised in the county, and for all that
would be raised in several adjoining, and
he will reply, “ perhaps so.” and pass on
without bestowing another thought to the
subject. But, establish the factory, and
in two years that same planter would be
looking out for a flock of sheep, for the
purpose of raising wool to sell at the fac
tory.
You may tell another that the hundreds
of hands employed in and about a large
factory, must have food, and that sup
plying them with pork, beef, mutton,
corn, potatoes, peas, vegetables, fowls,
butter, eggs, &c., would be the best of
markets, and he will turn from you with
an incredulous smile. But, establish the
factory, and the same man will inform
you with exultation and amazement,
“ why, sir, I make more money by sell
ing the surplus of my plantation to fac
tory people than I do from the whole of
my cotton crop.”
We want occular demonstrations.—
We must see a factory in operation, be
fore we will do justice to the business.
And Hinds had better follow the example
of the enlightened planters of Warren.
Offer a premium of so many bales of cot
ton, annually for five years, to thoso who
will establish a factory in our county.
Madison will come next, if she does not
get ahead of all. PIIILO-HINDS.
Wool-growing in North Carolina. —
We are pleased to learn that a lodgment
is about to be made, which will soon test
the peculiar suitableness claimed for the
western part of North Carolina, for the
business of wool-growing. A gentleman
of much experience, after having trav
elled over the Western States, in search
of a good locality for rearing sheep, had
his attention drawn to our western coun
ties, by the correspondence which had
then recently passed between our talent
ed Representative, Mr. Clingman, and
Mr. Skinner, of the Post Office Depart
ment at Washington, long known for
his ardent devotion to the Agricultural
interests of the whole country. After
personal reconoissance, this gentleman
decided to remove, with his family, and
settle himself for the present, in Bun
combe county, in the persuasion that
health, climate, cheapness of land, and
all other considerations taken into view,
that county possessed superior advanta
ges ; and accordingly his flock of sheep,
purchased chiefly in Western Pennsylva
nia, is now on its way to Asheville, as al
so his regular bred Scotch shepherd, and
shepherd’s dogs, thoroughly trained to
the business of driving and guarding
flocks.— Raleigh Register.
Wool Growing and Colton Manufactu
ring in Mississippi. —The following is
from the Natchez Courier of the 11th ult:
“We were yesterday shown by our
valued friend Samuel T. McAllister,
Esq., a couple of samples of Wool sent
to him by Mr. James Brown of Yazoo
county. The Wool was of the finest,
softest texture, far surpassing any we
have ever seen. We were surprised
when told than such an article had been
raised in Mississippi, where until the few
years past, but little attention had been
given to such products, the cultivation of
Cotton having occupied the entire time
of our farmers. Mr. Brown sends Mr.
McAllister a bale of Wool weighing 400
lbs., of excellent quality, which he de
sires to exchange for Cotton Goods of
Mr. M.’s manufacture, and writes that he
will be able in a few months to send him
; another bale of Wool of superior quality.
“ft is certainly pleasing to see" that
our planters are beginning to take an in
terest in Mr. McAllister’s enterprise of
manufacturing, and to see what advan
tage patronizing him will be to them.—
Mr. M. is progressing finely with his flic-1
tory, having as much employment as his
force can despatch, and making various
articles of a quality inferior to none in
the Union.”
“ Line upon Line and Precept upon Pre
cept.”
We adopt the above maxim, as illustra
tive of our determination in regard to
our urgency on the Southern people,
promptly and energetically to take up
that line of policy which is alone neces
sary to make them the most prosperous
people on earth. We shall not cease our
urgency on this topic, till that urgency
becomes unnecessary from the thorough
attention of our people to their own in
terests.
AUGUSTA, GA. FEBRUARY 8, 1845.
And in strict connection with the gen
eral article above, we would inquire,
why may not the raising of Wool be
brought with incalculable advantage in
to the Southern system of diversified la
bor? It is useless to tell us that our cli
mate, or any other cause, in any sort j
precludes the effort. It is not so. We [
have now before us, an account of most j
successful wool raising in Mississippi,
which states that the wool under review
“ was of the finest and softest texture
they had ever seen.” And in Mississip
pi fine wool can be raised, can it not be
more easily done in Georgia? There is
no finer wool growing country in the j
world, than in the upper and middle por- i
tions of our State, and she will find it so
whenever she will make the experiment. i
Already, entire States at the North, base i
a most cheering and substantial prosperi-1
ty on the raising of this article, almost i
exclusively; why may not Georgia and i
the South realize from it, as only one of
their many thrifty and profitable sources
of labor ? We shall recur to this again.
—Milledgeville Recorder.
Peach Trees. —Plant tansey around
i the roots of peach trees. The peach
| worm will not trouble them afterwards.
I Muse elilWe@ls7”
From the N. O. Picayune
American Education.
It is satisfactory to observe that there
is a growing feeling throughout the land
in favor of educating the rising genera
tion in the principles of a republican
creed—or, more properly speaking, of
giving our youth educations in contradis
tinctions to European ones. The task
of breaking the thraldom of foreign lit
erature has proved more difficult than
that of severing the chains of political
bondage. The power and courage of
our forefathers redeemed the United
States from the servitude of colonies,
but the influence of tin. English bellos
letters have survived, too long, the strug
gle thnt terminated English political su
premacy on the continent. Our schools
—particularly our colleges—have con
tributed in a great measure to imbue in
to the American mind with notions in
compatible with public life. The best
English writers—those whose works take
the rank of British classics—executed
their compositions under the blazonry of
a court, and the spirit of an established
aristocracy breathes through the best of
them.
Not only is the influence of foreign
literature felt in the tone it impresses
upon the American thought, but it has
in a fearful manner, superseded the ac
quisition of a knowledge of our own
country—its laws, geography, civil, po
litical and past history. It has been a
common occurrence to see young men
leaving our universities thoroughly edu
cated in the history of Greece and Rome,
their rise progress and fall—and suffi
ciently acquainted with the institutions,
social, civil and religious, of Great Bri
tain, and yet wonderfully deficient in
knowledge of their own country. The
exploits of Caesar, and the virtues of
Alfred, occupy their thoughts to the ex
clusion of those brighter examples of
fortitude and patriotism which the annals
of the revolution furnish. Though a
knowledge of the ancient Republics, and
a familiarity with the history of conti
nental and insullary Europe, are accom
plishments that become the scholar,
statesman, or man of the world, We con
tend that these should be held subordi
nate to a thorough acquaintance with J
the fundamental doctrines of American j
liberty, and the circumstances and men ,
who achieved it.
The great error in this system of edu
cation consists in crowding the memory,
when it is fresh and apt, with legends
and chronicles of nations whose institu
tions are dissimilar or hostile to those of
our own country. The mind is preoccu
pied with foreign lore before it is brought
in contact with American history. It
frequently happens, too, that our young j
men, soon after leaving school, enter \
upon business pursuits that extinguish j
within them all literary ambition. Such |
persons go to their graves without be- j
coming familiar with events that should j
claim the first place in their memories.
Their learning is all foreign to the du
ties of citizenship, and instead of deri
ving comfort and pleasure from literary
reminisence, they are often annoyed and
fretted because the energies of a free
people transcends the straighted conduct
prescribed for minions of a royal retinue.
1 hey cannot many of them distinguish
between the manners formed upon the
| principles of equal rights and rudeness.
They have read so much of the knightly
; coutesy of the Presence Chamber, that
j the sleek and soft demeanor of a cour*
I tier, bending beneath the weight of a
i royal smile, is more becoming than the
manly deportment of a people who should
be taught Irom infancy, that there are no
distinctions in society worthy of respect
other than those that spring out of supe
rior merit and noble actions.
It is a fatal mistake to commence the
education of our youth by teaching them
| foreign history. The period when the
i mind is malleable and tenacious of im
j pressions should be improved to stamp
i upon it a purely American character.
| The opposite system estranges the heart
trom American institutions by directing
the admiration towards the achievements
of other times and other people than our
own. When our young men, for the
most part, begin to read American histo
ry, the claims of Washington, and Han
cock, and Adams upon their veneration
and regard, have to struggle for admiss
ion into bosoms already stuffed with for
eign idols. Instead of grafting the ac
complishments of learning upon an Amer
ican root, republicanism is treated as an
exotic amid foreign plants pressed into
the luxuriance of an ingenious growth.
Our system of education on this account,
Itaving given anti-republicanism the ad
vantage by allowing them the first access
to the unformed mind.
It is an augury of better things that
those who have the instruction of Amer
ican youth are awakening to the impor
tance of so directing their studies that
they will grow up American men. The
first object of the teacher should be to
store the mind with such knowledge of
the great men and great actions of the
country as will take the heart captive;
to impress upon the pupil some idea of
the vast destinies that await this nation
and the influence it will exert upon the
happiness and freedom of the world ; to
imbue with a noble anxiety to contribute
to the renown and glory of his own coun
try ; and awaken in him a sense of the
deep and solemn obligation he incurs of
transmitting its liberties unimpaired to
those who come after him. When this
is done, all the Greek, Latin, and British
classics, foreign histories, and court cir
culars that were ever written will fail to
corrupt his imagination or extinguish his
love of freedom. He will form his tastes
before consulting Westminster manmil
liners, and express his opinions without
dreading that fiat of Quarterly Reviews.
A good wholesome native literature will
be one of the fruits of the reformed sys
tem of education. Poems and Roman
ces commemorative of American his
tory will supplant the thrice sifted chaff
of the London press. Foreigners who
visit our shores will be treated, too, with
a measure of respect meted out accor
ding to their claims to consideration and
hospitality. We would never more wit
ness the humiliating spectacle of grown
men, free in the fullness of years, bring
ing shame upon themselves and their
country by prostrating themselves in ad
oration of every foreign fidler, dancing
woman, scribbler or fuzzylipped adven
turer, who may chance to cross the ocean
in search of dimes and dinners.
A Party of Arab Women.
As I returned to our tent, we met a
party of women, who were going to a
feast, shouting and screaming. The
j Arab women are never so shy as the
| Moors of the towns; and much less so
| w hen in the presence of aNazarine than
!in the presence of a man of their own
race. So the ladies halted to have a
good stare at me ; and lon my part, was
quite prepared to bear the brunt of their
jests and raillery. There were amongst
them many fine girls, with large, black,
pretty eyes, long eyelashes, and slender
figures with little feet and ankles. Some i
of them were dressed in caftans of red |
j cloth, embroibered in gold or silver, over j
which was a clear muslin dress; the i
| neck was covered with large strings of ;
j pearl or rude bits of un wrought coral; and :
| they were encumbered with massive sil-1
jver anklets and bracelets, little different i
in form and weight from the mannacles
of our criminals. Silk kerchiefs, of Fas
manufacture of glaring color interwoven
with golden thread, were placed one
above another, in pyrimidical form, upon
their heads, and a rich sash of silk cn-
| . WASHINGTONIAN
TOTAL ABSTINENCE PLEDGE
j ~
1 v*e, whose fiaifips are hereunto an
nexed, desirous of forming a Society iof
our mutual benefit, and to'guard against
a pernicious practice, which is irijuriou#
to our health, standing and families, do
pledge ourselves as Gentlemen, net to
drink any Spirituous or Malt Liquors.
Wine or Cider.
[N T o. 30.
j circled the waist above the hips. The
! poorer class were decently attired in a
! simple white frock reaching to their
j knees, and girt with a small green band,
the sleeves being large and open. Their
; hni f was in loose curls, hanging down
j their back, hut spangled with curious
silver ornaments, all had their cheeks
highly rouged, or rather painted rose col
| or; and their chins tattooed in line and
dot work. One dame I oberved to have
a patch of red leather on her cheeks.--»
Their dark eyes were rendered yet dark
er by alcohol, (a preparation made up
chiefly of the sulpher of antimony,) and
the tips of their fingers and toes were
dyed with henna. I put them in a good
humor by declaring my unbounded°sat
isfaction with them all, and the compli
ment was fully returned by one of the
party.— Hay's Barbary.
Rich Auciei.ts.
i ithias, tiie Lydian, when Xerxes en«
tered Gieece, says Herodotus, possessed
two thousand talents in silver, and four
millions daries in gold amounting to five
million and a half of English pounds.
Marcus Grassus, the Roman, after
consecrating the tenth of all he had to
Hercules, feasted all the people of Rome
at ten thousand fables, made a donation
to each citizen of as much corn as would
last him three months, and had 7,100 tal
ents, or more than $1,500,000.
Ihe which overlaid one room of
Solomons lemple, the “sanctum sanc
torum,” 30 feet square, and 30 feet high,
amounted to 600 talents, or nearly $21,-
000,000.
Lucullus, a Roman senator, when he
supped in one of his halls, which he call
ed Apollo—and there he supped often—
never sat down to a supper which cost
him less than 50,000 denarii, or SB,OOO.
Plutarch, speaking of one of his sup
pers, at which only one guest was pres
ent, says the supper cost Lucullus five
myriads, by which it is supposed he
means 50,000 denarii.
Pride and Poverty.
Some editor very truly remarks that
; there are hundreds of families in the
j country that have no small income, and
j yet arc poor —and will remain so for life,
unless they turn over a new leaf and live
as they ought. The members of such
families are proud and extravagant, and
expend a large amount to keep up appear
ances, and continue in the ranks of fash
ion. We can point to many such peo
ple, who might now be in independent
circumstances, were it not for their pride.
The children in such families are fur
nished with every thing to gratify their
folly, as if the outward appearance were
a guarantee to their respectability and
f uture success. If there is any thing we
despise it is the union of pride and pover
ty —the keeping up of appearances to
the sacrifice of comfort and health.—
The money that has been expended by
such persons for the last two or three
years if taken proper care of, would now
place them in comfortable circumstances,
if not sufficient to purchase dwellings to
shelter them in the decline of life.
T riend, if you are poor, don’t be proud.
Never scant your belly to cover your
back, and make a fine appearance.—
Your wise neighbors but laugh at your
| folly, while those you strive to imitate,
j look upon you with contempt. Dont la
j bor to conceal your poverty. It is far
I preferable to wear a four penny calico to
! meeting and having it paid for, with
| plenty to eat, than dash about in silk,
I which have been credited to you, while
you have scarce a decent meal in your
house.
Pride will ruin you sooner or later, so
be wise and divest yourself of folly and
dress according to your means. No one
whose opinion is worth a straw —for your
plain dress and hard hands, which tell
plainly that honest labor is no stranger
to you will think the less of you ; indeed
such an appearance, if tidy, in nine ca
ses out of ten, is the best recommenda
tion.
Sleep is death’s youngest brother, and
so much like him that I never trust him
without my prayers.— Sir T. Browne.
Contentment. —The fountain of con
tent must spring up in the mind ; and he
who has so little knowledge of human
nature as to seek happiness in changing
anything but his own disposition, will
waste his life in fruitless efforts, and
multiply the griefs which he proposes to
remove.