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Constitutionalist mb Kcpublic
BY- JAMES GARDNER, JR.
(Correspondence of the N. Y. Jour, of Commerce.)
By a Lady.
Four months have now elapsed since I reach
ed San Francisco. It has occurred to jne that
you might like to have an account of the state of
society here.
You are no doubt aware of the fearful visita
tion with which it has pleased the Almighty to
afflict this godless city, the dreadful fire on the
4th of May, and the still more appalling one
which took place between ten and eleven in the
morning on Sunday the 22d of June. Isay
more appalling; not that the loss of life and pro
perty were greater than on the 4th of May, but
because the dispair and misery resulting from
this sad conflagration were more immediately
made apparent. Husbands seeking their wives,
who in terror had fled their burning homes, were
all but frantic; wives in a state of mental agony
which baffles description, sought in vain for their
husbands; then again the tender mother, bend
ing under the weight of her young children, left
them in the care of strangers, and was then over
whelmed with increased anxiety, unable to re
member where they could again be found: home
less parents vainly asking where to find refuge
for their families, and how to afford them the
common necessaries of life; and all this misery
occurring in broad daylight, was overwhelming.
—There seemed no hope for the morrow. As
night came on, dispair necessarily increased,
when strange to say, on Sunday evening the
gamblers were again at their desperate work,
forgetful alike of the avenging hand of God, and
the wretchedness of so many of their fellow
creatures. In this strung? and most extraordinary
country, it may justly be said here is no respect
for religion, morals, or intellect, by the great
majority religion is scoffed at.morals unobserved,
intellect unappreciated. In too many instances,
men of known respectability in the States, valua
ble members of society, good husbands, affec
tionate fathers, appear in public with women of
abandoned character, and promise to “reform
when they return home.”
There are few English women in this country;
they may be immediately known by the sim
plicity of their attire. American ladies clear
away the dirt and dust with their costly robes
and magnificent shawls, on the plank roads of
San Francisco, as on Broadway in New York.
Europeans would scarcely credit the extrava
gance, recklessness and disorder, prevailing in
San Francisco. One kind of property alone
seems to have value, viz., GOLD. Clothing of
all descriptions is thrown into the streets. A
button is wanting on a coa‘, the owner casts the
coat on the road, and buys another, yet the pas
sers by of lower order do not stoop to pick it up.
On Sunday morning the streets are literally
strewed with dirty linen. The fact is, washing
continues expensive, (four dollais per dozen;)
and as notwithstanding the fires the market is
overstocked, it is decidly cheaper to buy some
articles than to employ a washerwoman, and
what is of greater import, the trouble is less!!
What would our great grandmothers have
thought? they who valued themselves so highly
on darning stockings and mending towels !!!
The disadvantages resulting from this line of life,
and desecration of property, are great. Disorder
ly habits engender disorderly teelings; hence the
general state of mind in California.
But if there is much to condemn,there is much
to admire in the America-, character. The per
severance and energ • shown under such disas
trous circumstances, is beyond all praise. In
England, men would have undoubtedly given
way to despair; many suicides would have been
recorded, in other parts of Europe, wild despair
would have led to riot and licentiousness, while
the American who in a few hours is bereft of all,
seems to take courage from misofrtune. and finds
new energies. He is not crushed by misfortune,
but rather elevated. The greater the difficulty,
the stornger his determination to conquer, and
his efforts are very generally crowned with suc
cess.
Before the 4th oi May San Francisco was
very pretty. The shops were well supplied with
beautiful articles of all descriptions, from all
countries; the prices were sometimes exorbitant;
at others; goods sold under cost. The excite
ment is always great, far beyond that of Paris
and London. The cause is yet unexplained. •
Some attribute it to drinking, others to gambling,
others to profligacy, others to disappointment
and despair.
Since the late conflagration, the town has
been rebuilt with extraordinary rapidty. La
borers have reaped a rich harvest. All hard
working men can find employment of some kind.
Masons and carpenters are in great demand, and
are handsomely paid. The educated might
starve. A French nobleman and his interesting
wife, who lost their fortune in the revolution of
1848. hurried to El Dorado. He is a man of ele
vatea mind, and fine talent. His present re
source is, to drive a water cart. His lady takes
in washing, a most lucrative employment here.
After a day’s hard labor she sometimes comes to
me and plays on the piano forte.
An Italian Count of distinguished mind and
manners, cleans shoes on the Plaza; his hand is
beautifully white, his demeanor aristocratic.
The wife of one of the richest bankers here,
on being asked how she liked San Francisco, re
plied, “very much, if I could keep a servant.—
We are seven in family. I so much dislike to
wash fish and clean saucepans.” Yet this dis
agreeable employment, so little suited to the
tastes and feelings of a lady, is often imperative.
Servants can scarcely be obtained at any price.
One hundred dollars a month, are considered low
wages. Milliners, mantuamakers, washer-w*-
men, have fine chances, and are in constant em
ploy. Instruction is little valued, and what is
termed in Europe education of a high order, is
quite unknown here. A lew comrnon schools
are now being formed and have greatprospects,
as the number of children lately arrived is very
great and very cheering! 11
The all-important and most interesting sub
ject here, is the arrival of the ladies; and it
certainly deserves mature consideration. The
journey is long, perilous and expensive. Even
when safely accomplished new difficulties arise;
house rent is high, servants not easily obtained,
and many men cannot afford to maintain their
wives here. On this account, many ladies have
returned home. Then again women are placed
under the cruel necessity of choosing between
husbands and children, the latter being left in
the States, either for education or economy; and
thus are deprived of Heaven’s choicest blessing,
parental care! Home influence is unknown in
San Francisco, and it is a question whether the
Almighty in His peat wisdom did not cause the
discovery of gold here rather as a curse than a
blessing. How great the amount of misery it
has entailed on many 1
A residence in Sun Francisco is fraught with
discomfort. Even the very simple pleasure of
a *u- 8 termed taking a walk is in a sense denied.
The high winds, and constant dust, together with
the broken planks, render walking, if not danger
ous, exceedingly disagreeable. In the houses,
flies swarm to such an extent that it is almost
impossible to read with any degree of attention.
Rats of an enormous size infest the place. Fleas
I are so numerous as to be an intolerable nuisance.
I , People flock here from all parts of the globe;
| they expect on landing to find gold in the streets;
| there is something almost ridiculous in the oa-
I nous modes of expressing disappointment. There
I is no doubt that |>erseverance and industry find
S ‘heir reward; while idleness engenders miserv
|- and disease.
The great influx of Chinese lately arrived, give
a strange appearance to the city. They are la
borious, quiet and inoffensive. They horde to
gether, carry on a commerce, and may be con
sidered an acquisition. They wash and iron ex
tremely well.
Mexicans are numerous, and Mexican ladies
are extremely graceful and obliging. Their cos
tume is exceedingly pretty and becoming. Many
females come here to establish boarding houses.
French women have the greatest success, but
house rent and servants’ wages necessarily cause
the prices to be high. The markets are well
stocked. Good beef and veal sell at eighteen
cents per pound; mutton and pork, half a dollar
per lb; butter half a dollar. Potatoes 12 cents
per lb; carrots and turnips 12 cents a bunch;
bread, 12 cents per lb; fowls four dollars a couple.
Eggs, three dollars a dozen. The climate is un
favorable to meat. Butchers throw away large
quantities every morning, but they will not un
dersell.
Bricks, mortar, slates of good quality, are in
great demand, —the ruling passion now being, to
have brick buildings, and there are many very
pretty dwellings now erected. Lumber is plen
tiful: window and plate glass are much wanted,
and fetch high prices. Bonnet shapes, threads,
tapes, buttons, black ribbons, materials for black
lace bonnets, are scarce, and sell extremely well;
but what is more wanted here, is well educated
young ladies. I have followed the California
fashions in writing thus hastily, and with re
newed assurances of esteem.
I beg to remain, yours obediently,
M. B. R.
(From the N. O. Della. 10th ms?.)
A Letter from 001. W. Scott Haynes, one of the
Cuban Patriots.
The follewing letter from Col. W. Scott Haynes
to a friend in this city, has been kindly placed
in our hands. Col. Haynes went in the expe
dition of Gen. Lopez, with the rank of Colonel,
served through the eventful struggle, surrendered
as a prisoner, was released as a favor to the
American Consul, and wrote the following letter
on board an American ship in the port of Hava
na:
Havana, Sept. 5, 1851.
Dear : After undergoing hardships en
ough to kill a Kentucky mule, escaping the balls
of the enemy, untouched and unharmed, after
having been taken a prisoner, worn Spanish
chains in a Spanish prison, and encountered all
the contumely which they could heap upon me
and my unfortunate companions, I have now the
happiness to inform you that I am again a free
man, on an American ship, with the American
flag floating over me, —and ready to leave for
New York on Sunday next—day after to-mor
row.
To what oircumßtance I owe mv release, I
cannot divine, unles it be that my Regimental
Order Book fell into the hands of the Spaniards,
and served to get me of Scott free.
After the regiments fell into my hands, I would
not permit the boys to take even a chicken with
out {laying for it, and if they had done so, I would
have arrested and severely punished them. I
also placed guards over all the stores, groceries
and shops in the little towns, through which we
passed and in which we stopped, with orders to
shoot down any man who attempted to enter
them without first obtaining the consent of the
proprietors. This course, and my bearing on the
battle-field, made me friends with the country
people and a very large number of the Spanish
officers.
. Col. Downman was killed at Las Pozas, in
twenty minutes after the battle commenced, as
was algo poor Captain Brigham. They both fell
gallantly charging the enemy, Brigham from a
musket shot, and Downman from nine bayonet
wounds through the body and three musket balls.
Although in the very thickest of the fight, hand
to hand with the enemy, and in two hot engage
ments besides those at Las Pozas, in which we
were victorious, I have escaped without even
having been touched by ball, sword or bayonet.
An allwise Providence, in whose hands I was,
could alone have preserved me, and softened the
hearts of my enemies to my release.
Truly your friend,
WM. SCOTT HAYNES.
From the foregoing letter, and from that of
Major. Kelly, published in the Delta several days
ago, it is quite evident that the release of these
two gentlemen was accomplished without any
concessions on their part, and without even a
knowledge by them of the means through which
it was effected. We believe, however, that the
statement of Mr. Summers affords the correct ex
planation of this fact. The Captain General ten
dered to our Consul, as a compliment or favor,
the right to select two of the men to be released.
He chose Colonel Haynes and Major Kelley, be
cause they were men of family and the oldest in
the party.
Colonel Haynes gives the Spaniards much more
credit than they deserve, in imagining that he
was released on account of his scrupulously hon
orable and magnanimous bearing. All such mani
festations were thrown away upon a dastard
race, which would shoot wounded prisoners.
The statement in the above letter confirms
previous accounts of the honest and honorable
course of the Patriots, during their brief campaign,
in relation to prisoners and property. Even in
Las Pozas, they bought everything which they
needed, at high prices.
The gallant Colonel Downman was engaged
in an investigation into an alleged charge of de
predation against one of the men, when he was
interrupted by the attack of the enemy, in resis
ting which he lost his life. We have also the
further fact, that the wounded Spaniards were
attended by the Patriots with the same care
which they extended to their own men. Dr.
Fourniquett, who was shot in Havana, with
Crittenden’s party, had been sedulously engaged
in that service, before he was captured.
And yet, these were the men who were de
nounced by Mr. Fillmore and his satellites, by
the National Intelligencer, and other monarchi
cal organs, as pirates, plunderers, marauders, out
laws! And the barbarous, brutal, dastard race,
which perpetrated such enormities on these pa
triotic men, is held up as deserving of the sym
pathy and protection of our Republic!
(Correspondence of the N. Y. Journal Commerce.)
London, Sept. 29.
Os all the “ substances used for food,” that
which artracted most attention for its novelty
and its adaptation to numerous important practi
cal use is the “Meat Biscuit” of Mr. Gail Bor
den, Jr., of Texas. Its great value was so ob
vious, provided it were found to possess the quali
ties claimed for it, that it was submitted to
very careful and repeated tr als by the jury on
“Substances use for Food,” who had coocked for
themselves. Not content with this, they h‘ad
analyses of it made in the Laboratory of Dr.
Lyon Playfair, the distinguished Comissioner in
! charge of the Department of Juries, for the pur
| pose of testing its nutritive and preservative quali
i ties. These analyses were made, of course, with
-1 out the intervention in any way of the proprie
! tor, Mr. Borden; I have obtained for him a certi
; fled copy of-the letter of Dr. Playfair, cqmmuni
i eating the same to the Jury. From this it ap
pears that the preservative qualities of the Meat
Biscuit are |ierfect, the fecula or farinaceous mat
ter being also subject to careful microscopic ex
amination, —its high nutritive properties are
evinced, as the analyses show 32 per cent, of
nitrogenous and flesh-forming materials. The
Jury marked their sense of its value by award
i 'ing the highest evidence of their approbation to
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1851.
its inventor. A small canister of it was sent to
Sir John Herschel, who unsolicited wrote to Mr.
B. a letter testifying to its excellence. Count de
Kergolay has deemed it of such merit as to present
it to the Agricultural Society of France, who
highly appreciated it, and appointed one of its
scientific Committees to investigate its qualities
more thoroughly than could be done in general
seance. Among the various preparations of food
presented in the Exhibition, no one was deemed
worthy ctf the same high approbation as the
Meat Biscuit. This was the only contribution,
I believe, from Texas.
I From the New York Journal of Commerce ]
The Nicaragua Bouts.
The leading article in the London Times of
Sept. 2d, copied yesterday into this paper, again
directs the attention of the British public to the
manner in which, while they were “doubting
and grudging,’! they have allowed American en
terprise to make available the Nicaragua route
to the Pacific, and to secure the advantages that
it offers. The Times of the same date publishes
the following letter from a gentleman who cross
ed the Isthmus by that route on the occasion of
its being opened, and reached England from San
Francisco in the unprecedented passage of forty
days. His description and calculations are not
only more concise than any yet published in the
papers of this city, but from the continued activi
ty of the Company in constructing additional
steamers, preparing for a plank road, &c., &c., it
is probable that all Mr. Welton’s predictions will
be fulfilled within the next three months:
To the Editor of the Times: —Sir: Being the
only British subject who crossed from the Pa
cific by the Nicaragua route, alluded to in the
leading article of The Times of yesterday, your
readers may probably be interested in some fur
ther account of this new and interesting line of
communication with the far West.
On the 14th of July, we sailed from San Fran
cisco with 400 passengers, in the steamer Pacific,
a fast and beautiful boat, nearly, if not quite,
equal in most respects to her namesake on the
Atlantic waters. Coaling at Acapulco on the
23d, we reached San J uan del Sud on the 29th;
on the 30th, about 180 of the passengers landed,
the remainder proceeding on to Panama. We
made the overland journey on mules, 22 miles,
to Ruivoes, a large and thickly populated Indian
city, about two miles from Lake Nicaragua.
Here we had to wait for the baggage-mules and
treasure, and could not start until the evening of
the Ist inst., when we got under weigh in a
small steamer, the Director; crossed Lake Ni
caragua, about eighty miles, reaching the en
trance to the San Juan river on the morning of
the 2d, which we steamed down for about twen
ty miles, fetching up at the Tauros rapids.
'l'hence we were conveyed in “bungoes” (ca
noes,) thirteen miles, to the Castillo Falls, where
a small steamer, the Sir Henry L. Bulwer, was
waiting for us. On the following morning, the
3d, we started, and, after grounding three times
during the passage, .(170 miles Horn the Castillo
Falls to the sea,) reached San Juan del Nicara
gua, about nightfall of the same day. Here we
met the splendid ocean steamer Prometheus, and
alter a most agreeable and raoid passage, reached
New York at 8 A. M., on Wednesday, the 13th
inst. At noon, the same day, I sailed for Eng
land in the British and North American Royal
Mail Steam-packet Niagara, landing at Liver
pool on the 24th, having made the voyage from
California to England in the unprecedented time
of forty days. But short as this is, it will soon
be much shorter, thus: —
Present Time.
From San Francisco to
San Juan del Sud, 15 days.
Crossing the Isthmus
through Nicaragua, 6days.
To Now York from San
Juan del Nicaragua, 9 days.
New York to Liverpool,
days.
Present time, - - - - 40 days.
Deduct for imperfect arrangements, 0 ••
Future time, with perfected arrange
ments. ----- 81 days.
Adding to this great saving of time, I have to
bear my willing testimony to the extreme salu
brity of this route; for, during the whole of the
passage, notwithstanding great and unnecessary
exposure to the weather, and this during the
lainy season, there did not occur one case of dis
ease of a climateric or malarious character.
I am, sir, your obedient servant,
C. WETTON,
Late Deputy Consul, San Francisco.
Cheetsey. Aug. 30.
(From the N. 0. Delta.)
The Expedition.
In giving the statement of Mr. Summers, in
our yesterday’s edition, we confined ourselves to
the main facts in the history of the expedition,
without intermingling therewith the views and
feelings of the narrator and inferences and vague
charges against individuals, in which we appre
hended Mr. Summers might be mistaken. Mr.
Summers’s mind had evidently received a bias,
which a fuller examination will no doubt correct.
There was an obvious dissatisfaction on board of
the Pampero from the starting, as was natural
among so crowded and mixed an assemblage.
The Americans distrusted the Creoles and Hun
garians, and the latter were jealous of the former.
Not speaking their language, General Lopez was
necessarily thrown more upon the Creoles and
foreigners, with which the Americans, constitu
ting the laTger portion, were not pleased.
On their arrival a Key West, we infer that
this dissatisfaction had taken a decided character,
that the Americans desired to go to St. Johns to
organize, drill and receive reinforcements; but
that General Lopez, having received such en
couraging accounts from the island, was deter
mined to go, and announced that fact to the
Americans, stating that those who did not wish
to accompany him might then leave. They all
then agreed to go with him, but the feeling
which had been kindled, remained throughout
the events that followed. The party being
misled by their guides, the Americans suspected
Lopez of not dealing fairly by them, and his as
surances of support at certain places, so con
fidently and self sacrificingly relied on by him,
were not deemed sincere, and thus the whole
command became relaxed, only co-operating
harmoniously during the fighting.
We state these facts, as due to truth and his
tory. Suspicions, errors and jealousies will very
naturally possess the minds of all who were en
gaged in an unsuccessful enterprise. Somebody
must be blamed, and the chiefs and leaders gener
ally have to bear the burden of defeat, as they
would enjoy the greater part of the glory of suc
cess.
There is one statement of Mr. Summers,
which the most intimate friends of Gen. Lopez
all concur in saying must be a grave mistake,
or misconception. It is the imputation of in
ebriety agains: General Lopez and staff, resulting
from a carousal at Key West with certain Cre
oles, who had met them at that place. It is well
known to every one who had the slightest ac
quaintance with the General, that he was re
l markable for his temperance and abstemiousness,
j —nay his strong and bitter prejudice against the
use of liquors. Persons who have known him
intimately for years, have declared to us that
they never saw him take a glass of liquor in
their lives. The same remark is true of Gen.
Future time, with improv
ed arrangement*.
Deduct 2k days for going
into Acapulco and bad coal
—I2J day*.
Deduct, on account of
delay* from want of suffi
cient mules, 3j days—
days.
Deduct going out of our
route to make Havana, 2
day*—7 day*.
Deduct 1 day on account
of slow' boat—lo days.
Pragay, the chief of the staff. It is also well
known that the Creoles are proverbial for their
sobriety.
There are other statements of Mr. Summers
which we know are misconceptions, but we do
not deem it necessary to refer particularly to but
one, in which we think he was misled. We re
fer to the statements alluding to “certain specu
lators” in New Orleans being blamed for the
failure of the expedition. An impression of that
' sort had been made upon the minds of the prison
ers in Havana. We apprehend that an inquiry,
which will no doubt be courted in this matter,
will show that the late expedition was got up by
men, who, if they were speculators, are certainly,
so far as their interests are concerned, the most
reckless of that class, for they embarked their
whole means in this enterprsse without any se
curity whatever. As far as we are acquainted
with the matter, and we profess not to be inti
mately so, the whole means for this expedition
were contributed by gentlemen devoted to the
enterprise, who confided in General Lopez and
in the sincerity of the professions of the Creoles,
so that they did not even require any pledges or
securities for the return of their investiments.
They believed sufficiently in the cause to hazard
their whole property on the venture, and to taunt
them now with the failure and disasters by which
they suffered so much, is both cruel and unjust.
AUGUSTA, GA.
THURSDAY MORNING, SEPT. 25.
Election Tickets.
Vfe are prepared to print election Tickets for
any county in the Slate, with neatness aud des
patch. Price 50 cents per 100—$4 per 1000.
The cash must accompany the order.
Mr. Oohb and the Central Bank.
The following letter appears in the Chronicle
Sf Sentinel of yesterday:
Canton, Sept. 19th, 1851.
Dear Sir :— I have this moment received your
letter, informing me that Mr. Brown was circu
lating a report, that I was indebted to the Cen
tral Bank, to the amount of ten thousand dollars,
or some other large amount. The report it utter
ly falte. lam the security of Major Jackson, on
a Central Bank debt of some four or five hun
dred dollars, which I thought was paid, until I
received a letter from Mr. Campbell, during the
fist summer, informing me that it was unpaid.
agreed to pay it by the Ist of December next,
if Major Jackson did not settle it belore. Which
arrangement seemed to be satisfactory to Mr.
Campbell, as he has not since written to me on
the subject.
Youiji, &c., HOWELL COBB.
Whether it be true that any such report has
been put in circulation as that attributed to Mr.
Jno. T. Brown, we are unable to say. We had
not beard it.
We cheerfully and promptly publish Mr.
Cobb's letter; but we fully expect that it will
turn out that the letter does not put the public
in possession of the whole tristh. If we recollect
the statement correctly, made to us some months
since, it will prove that the allusion by the
Federal Union to the Central Bank liaving lost
money by Mr. Cobb, had no reference to this se
curity debt of Maj. Jackson’s, but to money bor
rowed by Mr. Cobb himself, and for which the
Bank eventually realized only about fifty cents
in the dollar.
At the time we heard the subject mentioned,
we expressed the hope that the pecuniary trans
actions of Mr. Cobb would not be brought into
the canvass, as it would be no triumph ot our
political principles to beat him on side issues like
this. But when it was falsely charged that Gov.
McDonald had squandered the money of the
Central Bank, with a view to injure his election,
the Federal Union thought it but retributive jus
tice to refer to Mr. Cobb as having contributed
his mite in creating the many losses that insti
tution sustained by its debtors.
P. S.—Since the above was written, we find
the following in the last Federal Union:
Mr. Oobb and the Central Bank.
The Savanah Republican says, that ourasser
tion is the onlyproof of Mr. Cobb’s indebtedness
to the Bank. The editor of the Republican can
very easily get all the information he wishes,
and more too, if he will apply to the officers of
the Bank. We challenge him to make the
application.— Federal Union , 23tf. intt.
Thomasville, Sept. 17th, 1851.
Messrs. Editors:
In the Federal Union of the 12th, a a state
ment appeared to the effect that Mr. Cobb is a
defaulter to the Central Bank. Please, if it is
in your power, transmit by return mail a full and
detailed account of the circumstances of his in
debtedness. Also, inform me whether an execu
tion still exists against him on which a return of
“no property” has been made.
Several communications similiar to the above,
have recently been addressed to us from various
parts of the State. In answer to them, we will
state, that upon application to the Bank, we have
ascertained the following to be the fact?. That
there is now a debt due the Bank, upon which a
judgment has been rendered against Mr. Cobb
and the fi fa. issued thereupon now in the Bank,
has been returned by the Sheriff “no property.”
We will further state, that another fi fa. against
Mr. Cobb, for money borrowed by him from the
Bank, was, during the administration of Gov.
Crawford placed in the hands of an attorney
under an agreement that the attorney should
receive for his fee, in the even of collec
tion, one half he could recover—that this case
was subsequently compromised—and that the
Bank did not obtain in the settlement one half
of its claims.
These are facts, well known in this place, and
can be proved by any who doubt them, by re
ference to the record of the Court and the books
of the Central Bank.— lb.
Judge Berrien. —We make (says the Macon
Telegraph) the following extract from a letter
to the editor of tfcis paper, written by an intel
ligent and esteemed friend in Burke county, who
is also a relative of Judge Berrien. The intel
ligence which it contains, relative to the posi
tion of that able an uncompromising friend of
Southern Rights and Southern equality will be
as gratifying to our Southern Rights readers as
to ourselves.
“ Having heard that it was rumored in Macon
and the surrounding counties, as well as in
Burke, that Judge Berrien would support Mr.
Cobb, I think it proper to drop you a line in or
der that a contradiction of a rumor so unfounded
may be circulated as widely as possible before
the election. I have a letter from Judge Berrien,
in which he says, that, he is at a loss to know
how such a report could have originated as it 1b
wholly unauthorized by any thing he has said !
or done. He will not vote for Mr. Cobb, and
will be out in a few days in a full explanation of
, his position.”
Departure of the Franklin. —The U. S.
steamer Franklin, Capt. Watson, left New York
on Saturday last for Southampton and Havre.
She takes out sixty-three passengers and 5692,834
in specie.
From Riode Janeiro. —By this arrival at N.
York, on Friday morning, of the barque Oriole,
Capt. Stump, from Rio de Janeiro, which port
she left on the 6th ult., we learn that the United
States steam frigate Susquehanna was at that
port in a disabled condition, having sprung both
fore and mainmasts, and broken some parts of her
machinery. She would probably be obliged to
return to the States under sail, as the proper re
pairs could not be made at that y.uce. It was
with the greatest difficulty that the two masts
were taken out, requiring, as it did, all the pur
chases that could be found in the wjiole port.
On the 28th of July, four days prior to the de
parture of the Oriole, an altercation arose on board
of a schooner (name not knotvnj 'p Baltimore,
bound to Oregon, between two Glared seamen,
named Douglass and Freeing w £; c “ resulted
in the death of the latter. U O J„\ as 3 had written
a letter or letters to a female t BaU imore , known
also to the man Freeman, V ho a ft eiWar ds : from
a feeling of rivalry or jealou ‘ pUTloinf , them
from his chest, and persisted ’ retalnin ; them.
Douglass then went to tv barque C riole i ex
plained the difficulty, and t „ s intention
to shoot Freeman, if he wou' u , nr surrender the
papers; at the same time sho' -vlr g a loaded pistol
to all hands. £
In about an hour he retur. 3d to his own ves
sel, descended into the forecastle, where Freeman
was lying in his berth, and shot him instantly.
He was immediately arrested and taken on board
of the frigate Congress, and was afterwards de
livered over’to the Brazilian authorities for final
disposition.
Douglass was a native of one of the West India
islands. Freeman was a Gay Head Indian.
The drops.
The following is from the Louisiana Republi
can of the 13th inst., published in Carroll par
ish.
We learn from one of our planters that the
boll worm is destroying the crops tn the upper
part of the parish, and that in some places the
caterpillars have made their appearance in great
numbers. This with the unusual quantity of
dry weather we have had this Bummer, will, we
are afraid, cause our cotton crop to turn out but
poorly. Picking still progresses rapidly, and no
season could be better adapted tor that purpose
than this has been.
The CarrollJWatchman, of the 11th inst.,pub
lished at Lake Providence, says:
The cotton crop of this parish is an average
one, and on some places on the river is larger
than it has been for many years. We under
stand that the cotton crop on the highlands west
of this point will be very short. The corn crop
through this region will be a very meagre one,
on account of the absence of rain in season.
The Camden (Ala.,) Republican of- the 13th
inst. states that the planters in that vicinity
seem disposed to hold back the little cotton they
have ready for market,'under the impression that
the crop is a short one, and that prices will be
better. We copy the folowing from the Greens
boro, (Ala.,) Beacon of the 6th inst:
During the last two weeks we have taken es
pecial pains to ascertain the condition and pros
pects of the cotton crop, compared with the
crop of last year; and, after making due allow
ance for the disposition natural to most men, to
make misfortunes of every character a little
worse than they really are, we are of the opin
ion that in this section the crop will fall short of
that of last year. Os course the extent of the
crop will depend a good deal on the weather we
have from this until frost, as also upon the late
ness of the frost; but if the accounts we receive,
and from the most reliable sources, as to the very
small size and general unpromising appearance of
the plant on most of the sandy land, and portions
of the black land, be correct, the yield on these
lands must be light, let the fall be ever so favora
ble. As evidence on this point, we will give a
few facts derived from reliable sources. Several
planters, residing some ten or twelve miles
northwest of this, in a neighborhood which
usually makes six or seven hundred pounds of
cotton to the acre, assured us a week or ten days
ago that the neighborhood would net average
this year over two hundred pounds to the acre.
Another, residing in a continguous neighbor
hood, informed us that one hundred and fifty
pounds to the acre was as much as he expected;
and he, we may remark, is one of the largest
and best planters in his immediate neighborhood.
We have also heard of a field of six hundred
acres which is not expected to yield more than
fifty bales; and another, of one hundred acres,
lying some ten or twelve miles north of this,
the yield of which is estimated at two bales’
The last is doubtless an extreme case, and will
hardly turn out as bad as is at present expected.
A large and very successful planter, residing in
the very heart of the canebrake region, where
the lands stand the drought probably better than
any other lands in the country, stated to us a
few days ago that his neighborhood would not
make as much cotton as it did last year. It is
proper, however, that we should remark, that
very good crops were made in that neighbor
hood last year.
Whilst we have heard of numerous neighbor
hoods where they do not expect to make this
year anything like as much as they did last year,
we have heard of but one where they expect to
make more, and that of very limited extent,
embracing some four or five plantations a few
miles south of this.
I he Cotton Crof.— The papers are specula
ting as to the prospects of the present cotton
crop, and as usual they make it out a very short
one. The truth hno reliance can be placed in
the opinions of the “best farmers.” To hear
the newspapers talk, every crop will be the
shortest ever known. Such was their predic
tions last year, when an extraordinary crop was
made, and almost every paper we open is com
plaining of the shortness of the cotton crop,
when we believe a full crop will be made- such
at least will be the result in this county.’ We
understand the prospect for a large crop in th,s
county is indeed very flattering.— Florence Ga
zette, 20 th inst. -^T
The Baltimore county Jacksonian has the fol
lowing paragraph.
■We were glad to learn, as we are going t» 1
press, that the negro Noah, who goes by the
name of Jim Scott, and who belonged to Mr.
Edward Gorsuch, was caught on Thursday some j
sixty miles above Lancaster.
- 1-=-- — — ■■ -
NEW SERIES VOL. VI. NO. 115
stj ffiugtiffir Cilegrapjr.
Reported /or the Constitutionalist tc Republic.
LATENT FROM EUROPE.
ARRIVAL ~~
<H steamer
AFRICA.
New-York, Sept. 24.
The steamship Africa has arrived, bringing
144 passengers.
Liverpool Cotton Market.— Cotton was
active, and had advanced on*-~gWtii pence du
ring tL»-weeß. The sales were 50,600 bales, of
which Speculators took 16,400 and Exporters
8,800 bales.
Flour is in better demand, and prices unchang
ed. Corn is lower; Provisions generally un
changed. Sugar is in less demand, but firm, Cu
ba 30s to 32s 6d. Coffee is in small request,
and a decline looked for. Molasses is in fair de
mand at firm rates. Rice in moderate requert.
A severe gale had prevailed on the English
Coast, and many vessels had been wrecked.
The trade in Manchester is good.
Consols 96 to 96i for money.
New York, Sept. 23.
Cotton.— The market is quiet. Sales 800
bales. Middling Uplands 9f cents.
The steamers Brother Jonathan and Florida
have arrived.
Benjamin R. Curtis, of Boston, has been ap
pointed Judge of the Supreme Court, vice Wood
bury, deceased.
Charleston, Sept. 24, P. M.
Cotton.—The market is firm at yesterday’s
prices. The sales to-day reach 880 bales at 7to
91 cents.
Cotton Crops. —We conversed yesterday
with several ofthe most respectable and ener
getic Planters, who operate in the adjoining
counties of Tennessee ami Mississippi. Most of
them represent the cotton crop as very short,
ranging from 230 to 400 lbs. the acre. A very
few, more fortunate in their locations, have very
fair crops—but the average will not exceed a
half crop in this section of country, if our infor
mation be correct. From all we can learn, the
receipts here during the season just commencing
will be much less than those of the last, allow
ing amply for new avenues of trade since opened.
The cotton has not been mule, and consequent
ly will not come to market. The well establish
ed deficiency in the production ofthe staple may
possibly advance the price.— Memphis Enquirer,
nth inti. ’
Judge Berrien—his Position.
A personal friend of this gentleman residing
in Milledgeville. requseted us to say, that the re
port that Judge Berrien 1 ad expressed his deter
mination to vote for Mr. Cobb for governor, is an
unauthorized statement.
We placed no confidence whatever in the ru
mor which was circulated by the Cobb papers,
that Judge Berrien was supporting Mr. Cobb for
Governor. We knew the riosition assumed by
Judge Berrien in the last Congress was entirely
at variance with the consolidation doctrines
preached bv Howell Cobb. And we knew fur
ther, that the doctrines which Judge Berrien had
ever advocated in favor of the Sovereignty ofthe
States, were still his political chart and compass.
What becomes of the ruse of the coalition, to
injure the distinguished gentleman whose name
heads the article, and to prejudice the cause of
State Rights in Georgia.
These shallow tricks place their authors in the
position ol wilful calumniators. We were favor
ed with a perusal of the letter of Judge Berrien
to the gentleman above alluded to, and we are
happy to make this correction .—Federal Union.
23d inst.
The Odd Fellows. —Grand Lodge of the
United States. —This body adjourned in this city
on Saturday. Below we publish an interesting
exhibit giving some idea of the personnel of the
Order, and its finances. The Order now claims
189,000 members in this country, and 2,000
lodges. During the past year there were 30,000
initiations. Receipts for the year about $1,225,-
000.
Annual Report of Grand and Subordinate Lodges
of the R. W. Grand lodge of the United States
for the year ending June 30, 1851.
Revenue of Contri- Total
bodges. No. of Subordinate buting amount of
Lodges. Lodges. Members. Relief.
Maryland, TO $82,425 63 10,787 $53,560 78
Massachusetts, 123 48,541 32 9,701 28,847 65
S. New York, 198 147,145 00 19.877 73,189 06
Pennsylvania, 445 221,595 73 42,394 102,769 29
Pis. ofColum. 13 20,930 03 1,195 31810 83
Ohio, 185 86,005 46 12,644 27,314 98
Louisiana, 30 34,595 02 2,435 10.222 29
New Jersey, 103 48,386 68 7,808 19,690 80
Kentucky, 80 34,482 85 3,862 9,464 60
Virginia, 100 35,905 16 6,280 13,978 28
Indiana, 94 53.602 84 4,397 12,978 59
Mississippi, 44 17.660 80 1.634 2,364 86
Missouri, 45 20,132 39 2.278 9J166 95
Illinois, 94 29,409 38 4,035 4.030 64
t H
NVfffwYork, 406
Tttere were no returns^^^Jel^^^j.yexas,
Steamships FLORitHßuum, Bnother Jon.i
the Brother JonatSii alt’R the Flori
da at 3P. M. The Alabama passed the Brother
Jonathan at 3 A. on Monday, five miles
South of Cape Hattefas, and passed the Florida
one hour after, 15 miles South of Hatteras. The
Florida having made the run seven hours quicker
than the Brother Jonathan. — Savannah Republi
can, 24 th inst.
Arrival or the Alabama.— This fine steam
er arrival here yesterday from New York, bring
ing 155 cabin and 108 steerage passengers; and a
full freight. — lb.
[Telegraphedfor the Charleston Conner^
terday’s prices, and closed firm. On J hundred
and nineteen bales were sold at from 61 to 9fc.
Crops in Ohio.— A letter from Dayton says:
The small grain crops are all harvested—and
such crops! Such wheat, rye, oats and flax!
The storehouses and granarie, full. How we
could put a famine to rest with our overflowing
abundance.