Newspaper Page Text
vEmistitutionalist K ll tpublir.
JAMES GARDNER, JR., 1
and J Editors.
JAMES M. SMYTHE, )
Internal Improvements and Manufactories.
Mr. Wattf.rson :—As this seems to he the
age of progress , ami as the South and West parti
cularly, seem at last jmrtuUly to have waked up
to a true sense of their interest with respect to
the subjects embraced in the caption of this ar
ticle. I pro)Rise through the medium of your
columns to add my mite to the many views that
have lately been given to the public in relation
thereto. I even do this under the firm convic
tion. however vim h / may be mistaken , that if the
views which I shall here suggest, or anythingof
a similar nature and of the same tendency, should
ever be carried out by a concert, of action on the
(•art ol the South and South-west, that the bone
ticial results would Ire startling in their character:
that it would effect a complete and peaceable re
volution in the way of trade in this country; that
it would eventually incline the balance of popu
lation. and of course of power from where it now
lies in the North to the South; in short, that it
Would finally and more effectually than any con
viction ever yet thought of or acted upon by the
South, place her ujßin an eminence of safety with
regard to aggression u|h>ii her rights. The beauty
of my system also consists still further in the fact,
that ail this would be effected in a peaceable
manner, and without even looking towards a dis
ruption of those bonds of amity and concord,
which should always bind together the different
parts of this greatest fabric of a free government
the sun ever yet shone U|ion. The race which I
would propose to put on loot between the North
and South, would be one purely of energy and
enterprise, in which,and I say it boldly, the South
has every advantage; that she has both whipand
reins in her own hands, and ifshedont reach the
goal of success, she will owe it only to her own
blimlnrss am! fatuity. Indeed, it is a matter of
surprise to any one that will look calmly at the
subject, that the South, with all her natural ad
i outages, has thus far let the North so greatly
outstrip her in wealth, population and progress
generally. The causes which have led to this
i csult. I shall not at present attempt to decypher;
but will, instead, devote my attention exclusively
in this article to remedies for the future.
Ily way of reducing my arguments to some
thing like order, 1 will observe that the above
description only exhibits, in my opinion, the
grand result of the right system of policy on the
part of t^South; and that it becomes now ne
cessary “state what ran be done by her as a
mrans, so as to effect this purpose; and that 1 will
afterward* attempt to jHiiut out, in my poor way,
at least one nut hod by which a concert of action
might be brought about, and all of these desirablu
results obtained.
The South, then, ran if she chooses, for several
years to come, convert one-third ol her population
into builders of railroads and manufactories, with
iiot being one tlullnr out of jun ket while so doing.
She can do this, even sup|iosing, byway of making
the jmsiliun stronger, that their railroads and
manufactories should bo swept away by a torna
do as soon as made, leaving no vestige of them
even to mark the spot ii|k>ii which they had been
limit. I mean by this that she would be as rich
hi III' aggregate , I loth in means and money, as be
lore all Ibis had hap|iened; but it is for the States,
as parents and guardians of the interests of their
people, to equalize the benefits and burthens of
-iicli a system, should it ever be established.
Again, after these roads are built and manufac
tories established, the South ran compete success
fully Infill with the North and Europe in the
maiil'actiire of cotton goods. She can do this lor i
several good and sufficient reasons, among which i
I will mention as most prominent—lst, that she !
h is (he raw material at hand without expense of
li.msjMirfation : 2d, that labor is cheaper here '
I ban at the North, the price of a day laborer 1
there being generally S2O per month, while at |
the Soufli it is on an average not more than $10;
I allude of course, in this estimate to men, (as to j
white girls, they have no suitable occupation at J
•my yrinoLy to ttvilrp thoir living. Kiccopt
their needle, in this section of country;) and last, I
hut by no means ol least importance, with the
facilities ol railroads and the Tehuantepec route j
opened, we will lie the nearest part of the civiliz- j
ed world to the great mart of China—that mart j
which is destined in a very few years to effect a !
great revolution in the way of commercial ex- !
ports, and the difference in distance and facility 1
of reaching which will be sensibly and beneficially '
Iclt by the South, provided she improves her op- j
p'lilumfy of laying down railroads, and establish- i
ing manufactoiies for heavy cotton goods.
Now all •('these premises being true,ns above
hud down, and that they are so, can be demon- I
strated with as gie.it a mathematical certainty as i
any problem in Euclid, will not, and ought not 1
the South to be considered’'as mad in the ex- 1 ;
in me, and demented with the folly of her own ;
dignity, r if she dont seize hold of circumstances i
as theypassand improve them to her advantage!- i
The secret of this whole matter lies in a nut-shell
and it is this, the South has a monopoly of rollon. 1 i
Now is it a supposable case, that any imliviilual
of ordinaiy capacity could have a monopoly in j
uiy leading article of trade without getting enor- I
n.uusly rich! I think that this will be granted
to he scarcely possible. Then if this principle
holds true with an individual, it will also hold
true with regard to States, provided they will act
in conceit and as one man.—This being therefore
a s If-crident maxim. 1 will devote no more at
tention to it; but will endeavor to prove instead,
that the principle upon which it is based,namely, 1
that the South has a monopoly of cotton, is cor- j
iect. It is a well known fact, that England has j
l*i en trying for several years past to raise up |
a rival to the United States in the matter of
pm. luciiig cotton. Shelias tried India, Africa'
u:i ! I know not what other countries and colo- j
hies besides, for this purpose,but all in vain; and j
finding that this could not be done successfully,
ii has even been tried in that country latterly I
to substitute the manufacture of flax for cotton.
As 1 see no mention of this, however, for the
la-t few months.l presume that it also is a failure.
Hut what does it all prove? It is not evident by
this that England sees and feels that we have
this monopoly! That the supply of her manu
factories depends altogether upon the fluctuation
of produce in this country, and as a necessary
consequence, if that produce should be small,
t rom war or any other cause, that she would
have to pay enormously for the amount of cotton
to supply her wants, if it could be obtained at
oil! Evidently this is so. Then if she sees it
and is trying to avoid the effects of it, why can't
we also see it, and appropriate its advantages?
(.Vrtainly. it is the duty and privilege of every
country, to seize the benefit of every circum
stance of soil and locality to advance its own
interest.
Within the last 20 years,the increase of supply
of cotton irom this country has been enormous,
so also has the increase of demand. But. un
fortunately for us. the increase of supply has
slightly exceeded that of the demand, which has
fended to reduce prices. Nowit is a generally
admitted principle, that the price of an article
depends upon the supply ami demand; it is also
equally as true, though not as generally well
known or admitted, that the value of most ar
ticles, and particularly of articles in the raw
s'ate, (as cotton) the manufactories for which
must he supplied, is enhanced greatly more than
in the proportion of thefailling off in quantity.
A- an illustration of this 1 have only to adduce
liie operations of the cotton market for the last
few years, which is in the knowledge and re
membrance of all. Thus—previous to the year
J S IS the increase of supply of cotton, was slight-
Jy greater than the increase of demand, and the
result was as might have been anticipated; it
fell off gradually in price until that year, when
the unprecedentdely large crop o 12.500.000 bales
having been made in this country, it yielded the
planter the unheard of low price of from 4 to 5
cents per pound. The next year, either from
flie Jow price of tiie previous year or from some
other cause, there was not as much cotton made
by some 500.000 bales, and what was the result
ol that? Why that the 2,000,000 bales of the
year 1849, brought fully twice as much money
in the country, as the 2.500,000 ot the year be
fore. And the same effect will ever be. produc ed
from the same cause! Whereas, the diminution
in quantity was only 20 per cent, the enhaced
value was Iron) 120 to 100 per cent. But to
: pursue the theme further. In 1800 the amount
of the crop was alxmt 2,300,000 bales. 300.000
more than in 1849, but which 300,000 it nearly
but not quite required to supply the vacuum
created by the deficit of the preceding year.
Ihe result was that prices remained about the
same in 1849 until the closeofthc season, when
it being ascertained that the crop was a little
larger than anticipated,they somewhat declined.
For the present year, various estimates have
been made, but from the most reliable informa
tion it is believed that the crop will be a large
one, and the value has in consequence greatly
diminished.
Now all of this goes to prove that the price of
cotton depends almost altogether upon the supply
■ from this country—therefore that it is a mono
poly. And while this is the case and we can
eonlrarl the supply by a concert of action, it is ut
: terly inqiossilile for the demand to be contracted:
■ and this because the demand coines from various
' quarters of the world, forbidding unity of action ;
and liecau.se moreover, from habit, cotton goods
have now become to be a necessity, to the grea
ter part of the world. But it may be said that
there is no power in this free government, simi
lar to that of the Autocrat of Russia, which can
forbid the people from cultivating cotton, as
much as they please. That is true. But we
can use a two edged sword. We can conveit
the labor of one third of our population, by giv
ing the proper stimulus and assistance from the
States in their sovereign capacity, into the ma
king of railroads and manufactures; which while
it will improve our country in an eminent de
gree, will also bring in a much greater
of money from abroad, as the produce of cotton;
it will raise the price of corn and provisions of
every kind, to supply the wants of these laborers
upon internal improvements, &<■.; in fine it will
raise the price of tabor itself, anil induce many
laboring men from the North to emigrate South,
and consequently give us a rapid growth in popu
lation, while it will greatly enhance the
value of our slaves. It is a great mistake
which supposes the reason of the North increas
ing in population so much faster than the South,
to be oil account of slavery. It is because by the
system of tilings at the North, labor yields more
to the band and consequently brings more in the
market. Let us reverse this order of things, and
the result will be a change of emigration and
tide of population in the same ratio; the.still fur
ther result will be, that before a great many years
the bii/anre of power itself will lie transferred from
the North, where it now lays, to the South,
where it should belong; to preserve the constitu
tion inviolate upon the subject of slavery.
Having now stated as nearly and clearly as 1
a.vi able to do it, what I believe the South can do
as a means, and the general results which will
flow from such a course of policy; it only remains
j that, according to promise and my poor capacity.
| 1 should give my views as to one method at least
jby which this all might lie accomplished. As
I before stated, concert of action on the pait ot the
cotton growing States is absolutely necessary. —
j Now, can this lie effected, by the Legislature of
someone of those States taking it upon itself to
invite the co-operation of the Legislatures of the
other States; each State appointing a committee
of a few men to meet those of the other States in
a Southern jieairuble Congress to consult upon the
best course of action: the decision of which Con
gress would no doubt be moralhj binding upon
I the Legislature of every State. This ol course
jis only a suggestion of my own. There are no
t doubt many other ways which would be infinite
ly better. But so the purpose is effected, jj, will
■ he immaterial as to tiie means by which it is
. done.
I In conclusion lot me observe, that lam not
vain enough to suppose that what has been here
: written by an obscure individual will receive
! from the public more than a passing notice,
j They nrc my him convictions nevertheless, aild
although it may do no good to have published
them, lam satisfied it will do no injury. What
is imperatively called tor upon the part of the
South in these premises, is action, action, action.
j We have talked and written about it long
enough; and I have no doubt that it is the opinion
of every informed man that some such a course
of policy, as here suggested, should lie pursued;
but nothing has yet been done in a regular, sys
tematic manner. While it is absolutely impos
sible for any thingfo be done in this behalf by indi
viduals, only in a lame and impotent manner, it
is the easiest thing imaginable lor the States to
effect great things by acting in concert and as
one mini. If we would only devote one-hall the
time and talents to this subject that haie been
given to disunion ami secession conventions,
great results would unquestionably be obtained;
and in short, if the advice of an humble individ
ual is followed. instead of cutting the gordian
knot of our difficulties with the North, with the
sword, like the'great Alexander of ancient days, as j
seems to have been contemplated, we will on ;
tiie contrary remodel and wreathe it into a "bow i
of promise" to last for many generations, and so !
be as a sign and light lor other nations wishing
to tread the same path of liberty, fraternity and ,
equality.
J. H.W.
_
Michael Kelly. —Two commedians'haviug !
laid a wager as to which of them sang best, they j
agreed to refer it to Kelly, who undertook to Ik* I
arbitrator on this occasion. A day was accor- j
dingly agreed on, and both the parties executed
jto the best of their abilities before him. As
soon as they had finished, he proceeded to give
! judgment in the following manner: "As lor you,
| sir," addressing himself to the first.‘’you are the
worst singer 1 ever heard in my life." “Ah."
said the other exultingly, ”1 knew 1 should win
my wager." ‘‘Stop sir," said the arbitrator, “1
have a word to say to you before you go, which
is this, that as for you, you cannot sing at all!"
We find, on a scrap in our ‘'drawer,” this pas
sage from a learned lecture by a Herman adven
turer in London, one “Baron Nondullbrainz.'’—
He is illustrating the great glory of Mechanics,
as a science. "Do ting dat is made is more su
perior dan de maker. 1 shall show you how in
some tings. Suppose 1 make de round wheel of
de coach? Ver well; dat wheel roll five hundred
mile!—and 1 cannot roll one, myself! Suppose
! 1 a.ii de cooper, what you call, and 1 make de
big tub to bold de wine? lie hold tuns and
gallons; and I cannot hold more as Jive bottle.'.'
So you see dat de ting dat is made is more supe
rior dan de maker!”
Borax.— This very useful article is extensive
ly manufactured in Tuscany: no less than 7.500
lbs. of boracic are produced every day. The re
venue amounts to 10,000,000 francs per annum.
Borax is a sub-carbonate of soda, and is much
used for welding purposes, also as a wash for the
hair, and as a gargle for diseased throats.
Died.—William Thompson, xvho was stabbed
on Sunday night last, while walking in Bryan
street, died at the Hospital on Monday morning,
form the effect of his wounds. He received three
severe wounds, all of which were of a serious
nature. —Savannah Ifeivs, 3d inst.
Drowned. —As the Charleston steamer was
leaving her wharf yesterday morning at 4 o'clock,
a man, whose name we did not learn, accidently
fell into the river from the wharf and was
drowned. Those present made every effort to
save him, but it was unavailing. His body was
recovered and taken charge of by the Coroner.—
lb.
Died Suddenly.— Mr. M. L. Morrell, about
25 years of age, and a native of Maine, died from
an apoplectic fit yesterday. He was one of the j
Custom House Boat hands, and we are told was
a worthy and good citizen.— lb.
AUGUSTA, GA
FRIDAY MOANING, DECEMBER 6.
The Mormons in Utah.
Most of our readers are aware that the popu
lation of the territory of Utah, consists mostly of
Mormons. These singular people excited so
much ill-feeling against themselves at Kauvoo,
in Illinois, that they were forced to leave the
i State. They retired far into the wilderness and
settled at Salt Lake, and now inhabit what is
called the territory of Utah.
We find in a Xew-Orleans paper a letter from
a Judicial officer of the government, dated Sept.
20th, 1851, which represents the Mormons as
being almost in a state ot insurrection against the
government. The writer states that officers of
the general government were treated with cold
ness and disrespect, and that the government,
itself was denounced on all occasions with great
bitterness.
The Governor is Brigham Young, the leader
and head man among the Mormons. He was
appointed Governor by Mr. Fillmore, doubtless
from the consideration that it was due to the
Mormons that the Governor should be one of
them, and also, from the belief that Mr. Young
would have a controlling influence over his peo
ple.
1 he appointment was evidently a bad one ac
cording to the account of this letter-writer.
The Mormons arrived at the valley of the Sait
Lake on the 21th of July, and, on the occasion of
celebrating that event, the Orator denounced the
United States bitterly, and Governor Young,
said " Zachary Taylor is dead and gone to hell
and I am glad of it.” Rising in his place, he
further said :
“I prophecy, in the name of Jesus Christ, by
the power of the priesthood that is upon me, that
any other President of the United States who
shall lift his finger against this people will die an
untimely drath and go to hell!”
Mr. Fillmore will have to be careful afte
that. It is stated, that in consequence of Gover
nor Young s perverseness and belligerent feelings
the President intends shortly to remove him.
That will put Mr. Young's prophecy to the test.
The officer, who is represented as the author
of the letter referred to, addressed the people and
I undertook to show them the unreasonableness < t
the Governor’s and their hatred to the govern
ment. Young arose and abused him in the most
unmeasured terms, observing, “ some jieople
might get their hair pulled, or their throats cut on
that occasion.”
I his officer and others feared the consequences
of remaining there, and intended to leave in Oc
tober following the aforementioned time.
This certainly looks bad for the “ Latter Day
Saints,” and if the representations are correct,
they are not better than the Gentiles, as they
term all who will not unite in their peculiar
faith. It was said, in Illinois, that they were
there, more sinned against than sinful. It may
be so now, but we incline to the opinion that they
are a fanatical, stubborn, impracticable set of
people. From all accounts, they have some re
deeming traits, ami a new Governor, with the
presence of a lew more of our citizens, may
teach them better their duty as citizens of this
great republic.
These Mormons are said to be polygamists.—
That is enough to account for no small degree
of bad temper. There's a sensible proverb to
this effect :
■ I’wo cats and a mouse, two wives in one
house, two dogs and a bone never agree in
one.”
l’oo much domestic confusion among the Mor
mons may spoil their equanimity. We never
shall have much hope of them as long as they
are permitted to have more wives than one-
Perhaps the best thing that can be done’
would be lor Mr. Fillmore to send a diplomat to
the Salt Lake Valley, to report the true state
of affairs, that an enlightened policy may be pur
sued towards these singular people.
Our Book Table.
Messrs. Geo. A. Oates & Co., have favored us
for the publishers, with a neat and handsomely
bound octavo volume, entitled, “ Glances at Eu
rope in a series of letters from Great Britain,
France, Italy, Switzerland, £cc., during the sum
mer of 1851. Including notices of the Great Ex
hibition or Worlds Fair. By Horace Greely.’*
We have had leasure to glance at only a few
pages ot this work, but we doubt not it will
piove interesting to American readers. Mr
(freely is an able writer, and, outside of his ismsi
is eminenly practical His Glances at Europe we
think, will, therefore, convey much useful and
practical information in reference to arts, educa
tion, science, society, political economy, &c. Mr.
Greely’s style ot writing is vigorous and pleas
ing.
We have also received, from Messrs.'Oates &
Co., the " Life of General Lopez, and history of
the late attempted revolution in Cuba. By a
Filibuster. One may’ employ a few hours with
much interest in perusing these exciting, and, in
a great degree, melancholy pages. Also, “ The
Wedding Dress, by Alexander Dumas.” This is
described to be different in character from most
of the works of Dumas, as it is a detail of the af
fections, impulses and aspirations of a fond mo
ther and daughter. Ot course, it has its plot, inci
dents, &c.,-usual to fiction. If as is said, it is
Dumas last and best, it will be read with eager
ness. Also, “ Matilda Montgomerie, or the Pro
phecy Fulfilled. By Major Richardson, an hor
ol hcarte, Hardscrabble, See. A sequal to ’’ Wa
cousta, or the Prophecy.”
Those who have read the thrilling Indian
Romance ’* W acousta will desire to read the
" Sequel. 1 hat is doubtless equal in interest to
the former.
Accounts received at Cincinnati on the 29th
tilt., from Independence, confirm the account of
the loss ot one hundred and seventy-five mules
belonging tothe government train, while en route
to the States. Sixty miles beyond Council
Grove, one man was frosen to death. The cause
ot the sad disaster was an immense fall of sleet
and rain.
\\ e would call attention to the extensive j
sale of choice old Wines and Liquors, advertised
by Messrs. Hutchinson & Thomas, to take place;
on Saturday next, at the Eagle & Phoenix Hotel. I
The lovers of the “ puie and unadulterated ,” j
should not lose this opportunity of increasing or
keeping up their supplies. Hard indeed to please. 1
must be that taste which can find nothing in
their varied catalogue, exactly suited to its
“own particular nicety.”
Southern Improvement—Manufacturing, Sec.
Some days ago we prepared a hasty article, on
the subject of manufacturing at the South, and
! other improvements, and promised to continue
the subject in a few days more at length, and in
detail as to statistical facts, &c. In a day or two
after that, we came across an article, in the
Nashville Union, so well put forth, and combin
ing so many useful hints and facts, upon the very
subject which we intended to enlarge upon, that
we concluded to substitute that for our owu.
It affords us pleasure to call attention to a corn
munication of so interesting a character as that
of “ A. H. W.”
It is plainly and forcibly written, and com
mends itself to the judgment of the reader.
At a time like the present,when “winter’s wind
is blowing cold,” and many a poor child of misfor
tune is sutlering from the ills so beautifully de
picted by the little Scotch song we publish be
low, we think its publication not inappropriate.
It was composed by one who was a weaver and
himself had suffered from the chill of “ poortith
cauld” in his childhood, and the poetry in the
Scotch Idiom will he understood by most of our
readers. It has a beauty and pathos about it we
think rearly equalled. We are approaching a
season of festively devotion to childhood, and in
a few weeks will arrive a day set apart by com
mon consent as the day on which the “ holy child"'
was horn, and who by his holy ami lovely ex
ample taught us to love little children. Surely
the beautiful description below of the “ mother
less child” will tend to call out our charity for
those to whom Christmas is no holiday, and whose
“wee hackit heelies” were perhaps never covered
by that indispensable part of our apparal into
which the patron saint of children is want to de
posit his annual remembrances.
When a' ither bairnics arc hushed to their hame,
By aunty, or cousin, or freeky grand-dame.
Who stands last and lonely, and sairly forfairn ’
Tis the puir dowie laddie—the mithcrlcss bairn'.
The mitherlesa baimie creeps to his lone bed.
None covers his cauld back, or haps his bare bead ;
1 His wee hackit heelies aro hard as the airn,
An’ litlilcss tho lair of the mithcrlcss bairn.
Ancath his cauld brow, siccan dreams hover there,
0’ hands that wont kindly to kaim his dark hair'
But morning brings clutches, a' reekless and stern,
That lo’o not tho locks of tho mithcrlcss bairn!
The sister who sung o’er his softly-rocked bed,
Now rests in tho dust where their mother is laid '
While tho father toils sore his woo bannock to earn,
Ami knows not tho wrengs of his mithcrlcss hnirn.
Her spirit that passed at the hour of his birth
Still watches his lono lorn wanderings on earth,
Recording in heaven tho blossings they earn,
Who eouthilie real in the raitherless baiin !
Oh' Speak him not harshly—he trembles tho while,
Ho bends to your bidding, and blesses your smile ;
In tho dark hour of anguish tho heartless shall learn
That (lod deals tho blow for tho mithcrlcss bairn.
Southern Medical Sc Surgical Journal.
The December No. which completes the
seventh volume of this valuable Medical Monthly
is on our table. The editor, Dr. L. A. Dugas, is
again at his jiost, and to judge by the table of
contents, this number must be one interns to
the profession. The Original Communications
are—
Contributions to the history of Typhoid Fever.
By H. R. Casey, M. D., of Appling, Georgia.
Vital Statisticsof Houston County. By George
F. Cooper, M. D., of Perry, Georgia
A notice of Dysentery as it prevailed in Gor
don and Cass counties. By J. S. VVeatherby, M.
D., of Palmetto, Georgia.
A case ot Double Lithotomy. By Win. J.
Johnson, M. D., of Foit Gaines, Georgia.
Choice Fruit Trees.
As the season is approaching lor setting out
Fruit Trees, we would call attention to an ad- .
vertisement ol Mr. James L. Coleman, in this
day’s paper. Mr. C. has been at much expense
and labor in procuring the best varieties, and from
the samples sent us last Summer from his orchard
we can say, knowingly, that the fruit is choice.
His orchard now covers over one hundred acres.
The low price at which he offers his trees should
be an inducement to purchasers.
The London Quarterly Review, for October,
has an article entitled Revolutionary Literature,
in which it bitterly assails Lord John Russell's
New Reform Bill, and states its belief that any
extension of the suffrage, “will be a fatal and ir
retrievable move down, what Monsieur |Guizot
has justly characterized, as the incline of demo
cracy—or in other words towards the experi- j
ment of a British Republic.”
An ingenious application of the steam engine j
has lately been made in the imloading ot coal
vessels in the Thames, by which two hundred
tons can be delivered per day at the rate of twen
ty tons per hour, and at a very considerable re
duction of expense. These engines can be used
on board of vessels for doing all sorts of heavy
work, such as pumping, weighing anchor, warp
ing. &c.
Ihe London Times states that during the
twenty-four months from January sth, 1549, to
January sth, 1851, there was found in the let
ters returned to the dead letter office, no less than
one million and a quarter sterling 1 Os this im
mense sum X 1,226,252 ISs. Id. was in the shape
ot bill®, checks, notes of hand, and money orders;
and in hard cash or bank notes, X 15,870 10s. Id.
more.
The trial of Hanaway, one of the Christiana
rioters, continues to excite much interest in
Philadelphia. Five witnesses were examined
Saturday; their testimony went to show that the
prisoners aided and abetted the negroes in their
attack upon Mr. Gorsuch and his friends.
The new Capitol of Tennessee will be one of
the most magnificent buildings of the kind in the
United States. It is built ot polished limestone
rock, upon a hill, giving a most extensive view
of the surrounding country. It can be got ready
for the next session of the Legislature in 1853.
To do so, however, an appropriation of 5200.00
is asked for from the present Legislature.
The force employed on it is 240 men. In its
construction $243,352 have been already expen
ded.
Advices [from Oregon state that the emi
grants, with the exception of about 50 wagons,
were all in. They were unusually healthy and in
excellent spirits. The miners were reaping a
fair reward, though in the Chasta Diggings noth- <
ing had been done since the water gave out last i
spring. i
North Carolina will soon have a very large 1
and fine building at the capital of the State for
the reception of the Insane. It has been liberal
ly endowed by the State, the Legislature having j
been incited to the good work chiefly by the ju
dicious and persevering efforts of Miss Dix.
Legislative Proceedings.
Milledgeville, Dec. 2, 18-31.
Mr. Bartow, from the Committee on Internal
! Improvements, introduced a bill for the govern
! ment and management of the Western & At*
i lantic Railroad. As there is but little doubt of
j its passage, perhaps with numerous amendments
I and modifications, I send you a synopsis of its
principal provisions in its present original shape.
It empowers the Governor to appoint the
principal officer, styled the Superintendant, who
is to hold his office for two years, or until his
successor is appointed and qualified—he is sub-
I ject to removal, by the Governor, for any dis
| qualifications—may be re-appointed, from term
to term—will be required to give bond, with ap
proved sureties, to the amount of $20,000. Some
of bis duties are, to conduct the operations of the
I Road, in relation to its construction, equipment
! and general management—to appoint his sub
. j ordinate officers, with the consent and approval
of the Governor—he shall establish rates for the
| transportation of merchandise, and for the con
veyance of passengers—he shall make all neees
: sary arrangements with other Railroads—all
contracts which he may enter into, over S ,
shall be subject to the approval or rejection of
the Governor—he may sue and be sued, in his
official character—he may impose penalties for
1 neglect of duty—he shall have as prompt settle
’ ments as possible—he will be required to make
’ quarterly reports of his transactions to the Gov
ernor, who shall have them published in the
newspapers of Milledgeville—his salary shall be
$3,000 per annum—before he shall enter upon
the performance o! his duties, he shall take and
subscribe an oath, faithfully and impartially, to
discharge all the duties appertaining to his office
—that he will not make, nor permit to be made,
any discrimination, lor or against other Rail
roads, &c.
The Governor is further authorised to ap]K>int
a Treasurer, whose salary shall be $2,000 per an
num. There shall also be an Auditor, to exam
ine all accounts, with a salary of $1,500 per
annum. No Agent will be permitted to allow
credit for freights, nor shall any goods be re
! moved from the custody of such Agents, till the
. freight shall have been paid, except in cases
j where the freights have been collected by other
; Railroads. Every Conductor will be required
I to settle at the end of every trip—passengers
neglecting to purchase tickets at the several sta
tions, from the Agents, shall be charged an extra
price.
Such are some of the leading provisions of
this very important bill. It is ordered to be
printed, but as it is uncertain when that will lie
j done, I preferred supplying you with the fore
going meagre abstract, in anticipation.
THE IIorSE.
The House resumed the consideration of the
unfinished special order of last Wednesday—the
bill for the pardon of G. D. Cornet.
Mr. Thurmond opened the debate. He main
tained that the present, is a clearer case of man*
. slaughter, than that of Bishop, whom this Legis
lature pardoned—that no malice can be es
tablished from the testimony—did not deny that
i it is a very aggravated case of manslaughter, and
would rejoice if the Constitution permitted him
to vote for a commutation of the sentence, to
confinement in the penitentiary. He spoke ol
the excitement prevailing in Madison, during
the trial, and thought it quite improbable, that a
j people could, at such a time, award impartial
justice to a fellow creature. He said there was
. no malice or deliberation in the act, inasmuch as
the stabbing was immediately consequent upon
a blow received from the deceased. He defined
violence to be any assault upon the person, such
as a slap, a pulling of the nose—the latter ho de
nominated a great assault; and yet, gentlemen
assert, he said, that there was no assault or bat
tery in this case. Having examined the testi
mony, he came to the conclusion, that the pres
ent is not a case of murder, because Cornet did
not go to that place with any malice or inten
tion to commit any offence, but was provoked to
it. by the insults and assaults of the deceased. :
Mr. Russell followed, on the same side, in a
long and ingenious argument, and an impassioned
appeal to the mercy and sympathy of the mem
j bers.
Mr. Mobley succeeded, taking the same views
| of the circumstances of the case, as the preceding
' speakers. He was followed by Mr. Floyd, who,
as his speech indicated, strived to prove, from the ;
law, and the facts of the case, that the crime
charged upon the accused, cannot be less than
murder.
Mr. F. having concluded, Mr. Milledge moved !
for an adjournment to this afternoon. He is,
i therelore, entitled to the floor, in the continua- I
tion of the investigation.
SENATE.
The Senate employed the entire forenoon in
discussing the merits of the “ Woman's Bill," as
it is popularly called here. The following Sena- |
tors advocated its passage, in speeches of much ■
ability: Messrs. Bethune, Calhoun, McCune.
and Simmons. The following Senators, some of
them at great length, and with much fervor of
eloquence and sarcastic wit, opposed it: Messrs. '
Jno. L. Byrd, Harman, Mosely, Moore, and !
Slaughter.
As this bill has excited a good deal of interest !
in the public mind, I send you the yeas and nays '
on it. The vote is so close, that there can be
little doubt of its re-consideration. What its
ultimate fate will be. we shall see :
Yeas.—Messrs. Anderson. Bethune, Connelly. ;
Calhoun. Day, Dickinson, Flournoy, Flewellen,
Hicks, Hardeman, McCune, Reed, Stroud. Sim- j
mons, Tumlin, Wolfe, Wellborn, Watters—lS.
Nats.—Messrs. Bryan. Butler, Beavers, J. L. I
Byrd, P. M. Byrd, Cone, Coffee, Chappell, Farris.
Harris, Hannan, Knight, Little, Mosely, Moore, :
Ross, Slaughter. Walt hour, Wright—l 9.
Three o'clock, P. M. |
house. j ,
Mr. Milledge took the floor, this afternoon, in i 1
favor of Cornet, and in a speech of an hour and I '
a quarter, reviewed the testimony critically, j ]
taking the ground, that Cornet is guilty of no j
higher oflence than manslaughter. He placed i
much stress upon the fact, that the prisoners j
trial, taking place so soon after the commission i
ol the oflence, (within sixteen or seventeen *
days,) the community were too highly exaspe- '
rated and incensed by the freshness of the cir-
! cumstances attending the crime, to do impartial
justice to the prisoner. In support of the remark
he alluded to a petition, signed by one hundre <
and fifty citizens of Moigan, to Gov. Towns *
: withhold his respite. At the conclusion of hi!
argument, the question was called, and the fleik
proceeded to the calling of yeas and nav,
during which a solemn silence prevailed. (),.
the passage of the bill, the yeas were 63 na\ s
38. : ’
Concert Hall— Theatre.
This is the last night but one of Messrs. Jef
ferson & Ellsler's Company in our city, and by
particular request, the tragedy of Hamlet will be
repeated.
Philadelphia, Dec. l.
The testimony given before the Court tl is
afternoon in the case of Hanaway. was to the
effect that a meeting had been held in the nei-di*
borhood of Christiana by the Anti-Slavery ‘vxV
ty last Spring, at which the Fugitive Slave Law
was discussed, but the witnesses could not tell
whether Hanaway was there or not John
, Roberts, a negro boy. testified to seeing Jos. Scar
, let, one of the white prisoners, come to his father's
house about sunrise on the morning ol the mur
' der. on horseback. Scarlet told him there were
• Kidnappers at Parker's house, and requested him
[ to inform the colored people. Witness got a <mn
, had it loaded and went to the scene of action” ’
Sam'l Hanson, a negro boy, testified to seen
' Hanaway on the battle ground (as he termed im’
■ among the negroes. Witness was informed bv
l Geo. Powal, a white man, that Kidnappers were
at Parker's house. He went up there but did
’ not arrive till the fight was over. He he:.: ‘
‘ much firing as lie approached and saw the ne.
i groes armed, saw old Mr. Gorsuch lying on the
r ground, but could not say whether lie was dead
or not.
Jacob Woods, negro, testified to seeing Ha:.a.
? way in the lane leading to Parker's house, t .
■ patently talking to officer Kline. Was told i‘y
, one of the white persons named Lewis that Km'.
. nappers were at Parker's house—saw and heard
the firing, became frightened and ran away !,>
1 the barm The clothing of old Mr. Gorsuch.the
1 vests of Dickerson Gorsuch and Dr. Pearce w. r
j brought into Court during the evidence and \y
5 all much i>erforated as though by bullets.!.,!
knives. T
’ The testimony for the U. States here cIiLl
Theodore Cuyler will open to-rrorrow morn,
ing for the defence.
Pleasing Deception.—A late French paper
‘ states, among its anecdotes, that a well, preset.
- ved widow in Paris recently married a youthful
r poet. After the wedding, she took him aside,
and, in a penitential tone, begged his forgiveness
for having deceived him in declaring that her in
’ come amounted to two thousand dollars a \eai
; “And you havn’t it?" askpd the poet—addin'
. aftei a momemt, “well it's of no consequence—
don’t trouble your head about such a trifle!"
1 ; But you misunderstand hip." said the bride.' 1
• only misstated the amount—it is twenty thoiis.
i and!” The account states that the poet paiJon
. ed her, the other way, with eqval facility.
1 | {Telegraphed for the Charleston sVnrurj.j
New-Orleans, Dec. ;
f j The sales of cotton to-day reached SSOO hales,
, !at easier prices, without quotable change, Nli.f.
I tiling Fair, 7j. Bacon has declined : Sides, 9
! I Whisky, 19J a 20. which is a decline. Rice, t
• 3|.
Columbia, Dec. 3.
In the Senate, thebill calling the Convention
on the Ith Monday in April, was taken up,
: and on the question of ordering it to a sc
: i cond reading it was decided in the affirmative
j —ayes .32, noes 9. The noes were Messrs. Can
. I non, Dudley. Gaus, Manning, Moses, Skipper,
; Townsend, Ware. Wotherspoon. Messrs. Bttlon.
: Irby and John Wilson were absent.
■ j In the House, the Joint Stock Bank bill was
. ! discussed.
I ! MARRIED,
In Dt-Kalb county, Ga., on tin* 2Gth inst., bv John
i Stewart. K.-m- Mr. JAMES M. IIUEY, to Miss HANNAH
( ARNOLD, all of D.-Kalb.
| On the evening of the 27th of Nov . 1851. at tie* r**sl-
I deuce of Edward Broughton, by the Rev. C. I) Malloiy,
Mr. JOHN B. LONG, of Troup countv. to Miss FRAN
. CES E. BROUGHTON.
(Cdnunrrfifll.
Augusta Market, Dec. 4, P. M.
I COTTON.—There has been a fair demand to-day. an i
: the market was firmer. The .steamer*.-, news is anxion
ly looked for.
MACON. CJa.. Dec. 3.
Receipts of Cotton into Warehouses in No
vember. 1850 bales... 23.254
Receipts for do., 1851 •• .. 11.962
Decrease of receipts 4 * . 11.® *2
! Stock of Cotton 1 t Dec.. 1850,. .bales... *21.200
Decrease *• .. 3.831
Total receipts to Ist December. 1350.. .hales,. .50.22.
w “ - 1851. .. - . .25.378
Decrease •• . .24,385
! Total receipts by Macon and Western Rail Road in
November, 5.825 bales, of which 5.008 were sent to Cun
• t ra l Railroad, and 817 to Warehouses. Shipped by Ceu
tral Railroad to Savaunah during the month. (including
, through shipments.) 7.437 bales.
I Sales in this market, for a few days past, have be**n
generally from 6 to 7 j cents. The quotations of the
New Orleans market on the 20th are. for strictlv mid
dlmg 7jfa7}. Charleston, same date and quality. 7;
Highest quotation. 7 *».
Nov. 4.— Cotton —There was very lit** '■*
enquiry for Cotton yesterday. The transactions wer*
i limited to 242 bales at prices ranging from 6* to S c^nt=.
A small lot of choice brought 8| cents. Prices very ir
} regular, and in favor of buyers.
SAY AN NAH E X PORTS. DEC. 3.
For Boston, brig Frances Jane—99.443 feet Tim V-r
| and 4.000 feet Lumber.
JutfUtgfltff.
ARRIVALS FROM CHARLBSTOX.
: Ship Fortitude. Lord. Mobile.
CLEARED FOR CHARLESTON*.
; Schr. Aurora S. Caruthers. at Baltimore.
; Schr. Naiad. Watts, at Baltimore. v
SAILED FOR CHARLESTOX. /
Schr. F. Copeland 4c Co.. Bennett, from Richmond, ''•»
CHARLESTON. Dec. 4 Arr. C. L. bark Carolina,
j Sherwood, from New York—3^days: Schr. Isabel’-
j Gaze. Matanzas—s days: Schr. Ann Hambleton. Lin
den. Baltimore; Schr. K. B. Hackburn.Thompson, Wil
I mington (N. C.)
I Cld. Br. ship Triton. Smith. Liverpool: ship Napoleon,
! Hunt. Boston : R. L. schr. Monterey. Curtis. Philadei'*■
j Went to Sea, steamship Osprey. Power. Philadelphia :
' ship J P Harvard. Andros. New Orleans: bark Cornelia
: L Be van. Noble. Genoa: brig Palo Alto. Spencer. West
j Indies: brig Gulnare, Phillips. We-t Indies: Br schr
Tweed. Petty. Harbor Island. (Bah); schr Elizabeth.
I Lee. New York: schr E Weaver. Brock. Philadelphia;
I schr Truth. Baker. Baltimore: schr G M Robertson.
Booze. Baltimore: schr Gasabeas. . a Northern
port; schr J M Baylies. Baylies. Savannah.
SAV ANNAH. Dec. 3.—Arrived Br. ship Samuel. Mor
| ris. Liverpool, via New York.
Cleared, brig Frances Jane. Alexander. Boston.
M ent to Sea. brig Annandale, Sherman. Cardenas.
FINE PERFUMERY.
THE Ladies and Gentlemen of Augusta are in
vited to call and examine a choice lot of Se
lected FERFUMERY, lately received direct from
the Manufacturers. Among which are some fine
varieties of Cologne, and other Toilet Waters, fan
cy Soaps, Hair Oils, Cosmetics, Ac., Ac., all of su-
Scrior quality, and for sale low for cash, at the City
•rug Store, by dec 4 WM. HAINES.
THE LITERARY PROGRESS OF GEORGIA.
AN ADDRESS delivered in the College Chapel
at Athens, before the Society of Alumni, and
at their request, on Thursday. August 7, 3851, be
ing the semi-Ceutennial Anniversary of Franklin
College; by Hon. Geo. R. Gilmer. Just publish* d
and for sale at GEO. A. OATES A CO. S
Piano, Book and Music Depot. Broad-st.
dec 4