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THE CONSTiTtTTI ON A LIST.
~JAMES GARDNER, JR.
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HIGHLY” IMPORTANT FROM EUROPE.
TEN DAYS LATER.
Arrival of the Steamer Sarah Sands.
The Northern mail due on Sunday eve
ning failed to come to hand—disappointing
our merchants—who were all anxiously look
ing for the steamer Sarah Sands’ advices.
°
The arrival of the fine steamer Southerner, j
at Charleston, however, and the attention ct |
a passenger by her,put us in possess'on of a ■
New York Herald of Thursday last, which
contains her advices in full.
[From the A r . Y. Herald , 10th itM/.]
The splendid new iron steamship Sarali
Sands. Capt Thompson, arrived yesterday
from Liverpool, whence she sailed on the
120th uit
The intelligence brought by her is of the
highest interest and importance.
The Sarah Sands is of 1300 tons burthen,
and has the auxiliary aid of tiie screw pro
peller. She encountered strong head winds,
and very boisterous weather, and she has
proved herself an excellent vessel. She left
Liverpool on the 20th ulf., and brings us tlie
London papers of that date, for which we are
indebted to Messrs. \V. 11. Smith &. Son of
London, who run a special engine to Liver- j
pcoL, to convey the papers on board the ;
steamer.
In these papers wejlnd the Queen’s speech
on the opening of Parliament, the new gov
ernment measures, and the whole of the de
bates on the opening night. The awful con
dition of Ireland—the Cracow question, and
the Montpensier marriage, were the only
topics discussed.
Tire new measures proposed bv the gov
ernment are of ihe utmost importance. The
ports are probably to be immediately opened
for the free admission of foreign corn of every
kind, by which the duty of four shillings ster
ling will be abolished. The navigation laws
are to be suspended, by which corn will be
admitted in vessels of every nation; and su
* gar is to be allowed in distilleries. These
measures will be carried, as the protection
ists have promised to give them their sup
port. They have been forced from the gov
ernmei t by the awful condition of the peo
ple of Ireland.
The appalling accounts of the misery
among the Irish will he read with the most,
painful interest. A private subscription was
recently opened in London for tiie Irish, and
fifty thousand pounds were subscribed in ten
days.
Tiie advices from Scotland arc of a similar
character to the reports from other parts of
the kingdom. Not only wheat, but all spe
cies of corn, is rapidly rising there; and it is j
certain that no supplies of oats (the staple i
article of shipment to the south) can he ex- ;
pecteu, that aiticle being worth quite as
much, if not more, at Edinburgh, than in the
London market.
Food of every kind is scarce and dear in
England, Ireland, and France, notwithstand
ing the immense quantities shipped from the
United Slates.
The corn and provision markets in Ireland
and England are exceedingly animated, and j
prices are still Kept up at tiie extreme rates I
quoted hv previous arrivals.
The European Times says, however, that
“The whole of the available British navy
will be occupied in bringing food from every
quarter of tlie world where it can be had, to
arrest the starvation of which Ireland is the
feene. The promptitude with which the I
government is determined to act in this mat- |
ter, is already making itself felt on the food
markets. The price of grain has already
experienced a slight check,and it is believed
bv many practical men that all the provision
markets, from this time forward, will assume
a downward tendency. In fact, it is known
that several experienced merchants have j
agreed to furnish, in a month or two from
the present time, large quantities of corn at 1
sixteen, and even eighteen shillings per
quarter under tiie current rates, Tiie far- j
mers are already taking the alarm, and so
far from keeping back, are now engaged in
forcing their produce on the markets.”
The cotton market was rather dull before
the Cambria.** arrival, but afterwards it be
came active.
The Bank of England has raised its rate of |
discount to per cent. Bullion is rapidly
going out of the country, and a monetary j
panic was anticipated.
The Bank of-F ranee has raised its rate of
discount to 5 per cent, and has borrowed I
20,030,000 of francs from the Bank of Eng- j
land. A very serious monetary crisis had
commenced at the Paris Bourse.
Tiie steamer Cambria arrived at Liverpool
on the 13th n't. Her news had no effect on
the corn markets, but the cotton market im
mediately became firmer.
In consequence of the high price of malt,
the London brewers have raised ihe price of
malt liquors; and gin, rum. and whiskey have
also advanced considerably. Broad has also
advanced—l Id being charged for (he 4'b loaf.
An office has been opened in London To '
grant letters of marque and reprisal, accord
ing to decrees of the Mexican government
•gainst the Lniled Stales. Three privateers i
have, it is said, already been despatched. The
rates of insurance by American vessels have,
in consequence, been increased.
"The Sirius steamer was lost on the Irish
<soa*r, on the 6th u!t. Twelve of the crew
and passengers were drowned in attempting
to get on shore.
H. M. steamship Sphynx, of 1,056 tons,
and 500 horse power, was totally lost on the
15lh nil., on a reef of rocks near the Isle of
Wight.
Trade in the manufacturing districts of
England remain in a very dull states. Most
of the mills were working short time, on ac- i
count of the very high price of cotton.
George Byng, Esq. M. P., died on tiie 10th i
«lt. He was cailed the father of the House of
Commons, having sat as a member fifty-six <
years.
On the 4th ultimo, Joseph Gurne}% the
well known banker of London, died.
Malt has moved upwards in value, quite as
rapidly as barley, and 90s per quarter has
been insisted on far fine qualities. i
The accounts from Ireland become, from
day to day, more distressing; and the tern- <
porary decline which a large arrival of Indian l
corn caused iaet week had again been recov* i
! ered, the supply having proved inadequate Ip
; the demand. With the people starving in
! many parts of the island, shipments of prov
! isioiis ilienee to England are ot course, out of
the question.
Verv thm foreign barley has realised 465.; ■
good grinding qualities, 505.; and lor superior
English mailing qualities very close upon
70s. per quarter has been p ud. Such prices
are well calculated to draw supplies; but the
Baltic ports are frozen up, with 1 title prospect
of becoming freee till March.
The metal circulars for the month notice a i
bri-k business in iron, w ith an advance of 3s.
j to 6s. per ton. A considerable decrease lias
taken place in the stock of Scotch pig at Glas
gow, and a good demand is expected from
the continent as well as America. Swedish
iron lias been in (air request at firm prices,
owing to the high quotations now paid for
I English common bars. No great alteration
i has taken place in copper. English tin con
tinues to support, good rates, tiie demand hav
ing lately exceeded the supply. Banca has
principally been purchased for the United
! Slates.
The civil war in Portugal is turning in fa
vor of tiie Queen.
Very large purchases of maize, or Indian
corn, the produce of the Danube, having
been made at Malta, by the deputy commis
sary general to the forces, tiie same is being
converted info meal at the naval mills, for
shipment to Ireland. The commissary lias
also bought, but in smaller quantities, beans
ami barley, likewise fur shipment to Ireland.
Mr. Ilotfinguer die eminent Paris banker,
has arrived in the French capital, from Lon
don, where he had successully treated with
the Bank of England for a supply of bullion
for the Bank of France.
Another Rise in Bread. —This morning
the bakers a] the west end of the metropo
lis made a farther rise in the price of the
four pound ioaf. The Lest vvhealen bread is
i now selling at 10jjd, and and •household” at
. 9V!. the quartern. In Seven-gials and the
■ locality of St. Gi'es’ and Bloomsbury, the
I best wheaten bread has advanced from BLI
to 9J., and seconds from 7' to B.U. The
i price of the best flour is K)J per quartern,
but an inferior article ran be purchased as
' low as B^d. —London (rlobe, Jan. 7.
The (Scarcity of Food in- France. —A
letter is in town from Mr. Cobden, M. P.
dated Marseilles, Dec. 29. 1846, from which
we are enabled to give the following inter
; esting extract: —‘ I find an immense move
| tnent in corn here. The port is crowded with
i ships. Upwards of 1 200,000 quarters of
I wheat have been imported, and nearly all of
it is gone into the interior, chiefly in the di
rection of Lyons, by carts. The roads are so
cut up by the traffic, that they resemble riv
ets of mud; The French government has
suspended the navigation laws, and corn is
brought in free of duty, by ships of all na
tions, from any ports; a large portion of it is
imported here from the Black Sea, in Greek
i ships. I hear there is still a vast supply in
Southern Russia—that the Russian harvest
is most abundant. —Manchester Express.
OpriitiiS of Pavli imrnl- Tim Qhpdi’s
Speech——The (Jomliliaa of Great Bri
tain,
The British Parliament was opened on the
I9ih uit., by the Queen in person, with the
following speech:
THE QUEEN’S SPEECH.
“ My Lords and Gentlemen.
“ It is with the deepest concern, that upon
your again assembling, I have to call your
attention to the dearth of provisions which
prevails in Ireland, and in parts of Scotland.
“In Ireland, especially, the loss of the
;ti ua! food of tlie people has been the cause
( of severe sufferings of disease, and of greatly
| increased mortaility among the poorer classes.
Outrages have become more frequent, chiefly
I directed against property; and the transit of
J provisions has been rendered unsafe in some
parts of the count ry,
“ With a view to mil igate these evils, very
large numbers of men have been employed
and have received wages in pursuance of an
act passed in the last session of Parliament.
Some deviations from that act, which have
been authorised by the Lord Lieutenant of
Boland, in order to promote more useful em
ployment will, I trust receive your sanction.
Means have been taken to lessen the pres
sure of want in districts which are most re
mote from tiie ordinary sources of supply.—
Outrages have been repressed, as far as it
was possible, bv the military and police.
“ It is satisfactory to me to observe, that in
many of tiie most distressed districts, tiie pa- j
ticnce and resignation of the people have i
been most exemplary.
“The deficiency of the harvest in France
and Germany, and other parts of Europe, has j
added to the difficulty of obtaining adequate j
supplies of provisions.
“It will be your duty to consider what j
further measures are required to alleviate the ;
existing distress. I recommend to you to
take into your serious consideration, whether
by increasing, for a limited period the facili
ties for importing corn from foreign countries,
and by the admission of sugar more freely
into breweries and distilleries, the supply of j
food may he beneficially augmented.
“I have likewise to direct your earnest 1
consideration to tiie permanent condition of
Ireland. You will perceive, in the absence of
political excitement, an opportunity for taking
ii df;nassinnate survey of the social evils
whichaiffiict that part of the United Kingdom.
Various measures will be laid before you, |
which, if adopted by Parliament, may tend to 1
raise the great mass of the people in comfort, j
to promote agriculture, and to lessen tiie |
pressure of that competition for the occupa- !
tion of land which jias been lha fruitful source
of crime and misery.
“ The marriage of the Infan ta. Luisa Fer
nanda of Spain to tiie Duke ol MoiPpensier,
has given rise to a correspondence between
my Government and those of Fiance and
Spain.
“ The extinction of the Free State of Cra
cow has appeared to be so manifest a viola
tion of the Treaty of Vienna, that I have com
manded that a protest against that act should
be delivered to the Courts of Vienna, Peters
burg!), and Berlin, which were parties to it.
Copies of these several papers will be laid be
fore you.
“ I entertain confident hopes that the hos
tilities in the River Plate, which have so long
interrupted commerce, may soo be terminated;
and my efforts, in conjunction with those of
the King of ihe French, will be earnestly di
rected to that end.
“ My relations generally with foreign pow
ers inspire me with the fullest confidence in
the maintenance of peace.
Gentlemen of the house of commons! —
“I have directed the estimates to be pre
pared, with a view to provide for the efficiency
of the public service, with a due regard for
economy.
“My Lords and Gentlemen —I .have or
dered every requisite preparation to be made
for putting into operation the act of the last
session ol Parliament, for the establishment
of the Local Courts for the Recovery of-
Small Debts. It is my hope that the enforce
ment of civil rights in all pans of the coun
try to which the act relates may, by this
measure, be materially facilitated. *
‘1 recommend to your attention, measures
which will be laid before vmi for improving
the health of towns, an object the importance
of which you will not fail to appreciate.
‘‘Deeply sensible of the blessings which
after a season of calamity have been so often
vouchsafed to lies nation by a superintending
j Providence, I confide these important mat
-1 ters to your care, in a full conviction that
you discussions will be guided bv an impar
tial spirit; and in the hope that the present
sufferings of my people rnav be lightened,
and that their future condition may be im
proved by your deliberative wisdom.”
In the House of Lords,after the Lord Chan
| col or had read Her Majesty’s speech, Lord
I Hathorton rose to move the address, and be
! gan by describing the pitiabie condition of
the people of Ireland owing to the failure of
the potato crop, and the ill-success of the
measures which had been resorted to for
the purpose of allev iting that calamity. The
Libor Rate Act of last session had been al
most universally pul in operation; and though
in his opinion no blame was to be attributed
to those who introduced it for its failure, yet
| it had signally failt-d. The question then
arose whether Parliament should be conven
ed, or whether the government should invest
the Lord L'entenant with tho power to act
at his discretion, according to the nature of
the case. The latter course was adopted; |
i the useless works of the labor rate act were
1 abandoned, and the application of the public
money extended to private and reproductive
works. But even the exertion of this discre
tionary power had been found inadequate to
: the emergency of the case, and all we re now
j eager for a heifer adaptation of the law.—
Other measures were therefore necessary;
| what those measures should be, it was not
I for him to dictate, when there were so many i
j in that House better 11 ted than he to decide, i
| He only declared his own sentiments, and
I wished to involve no one else in any respon
sibility which might attach to them, lathe
called on the people of England to make the
case of Ireland /heir own, and to consider the
difference, between England —rich in her land
ed proprietary, in her vast monied interest, in
he manufacturers and merchants, and in her
admirable parochial organization —and Ire
land, where rich proprietors were exceptions,
where absenteeism abounded, and where
there was no organization, except for politi
i cal purposes.
Lord Stanley was happy to express his be
liefthat, as the government had abstained
from introducing info Her Majesty’s speech,
any expression which must necessarily lead
to discussion, so there was no wish on the
part of those who bad not reposed their con
fidence in that government, to embarrass
them bv premature opposition. Having as-
I tained power by no factious proceedings of
their own, but by a combination of circum
stances, Her Majesty’s advisers bad peculiar
claims to the forbearance of the House, and
they might rest assured that, so long as they
walked in the path of the constitution, and
avoided rash and dangerous innovations, they
would be met, not only by no factious oppo
sition on that side of the House, but also by
a ready and disinterested support. In this
spirit and temper ho won! I proceed in make I
I a few observations, premising that, from the
significant omission of any allusion to the fi
nancial condition of fi.e country in tiiespeech, .
j it might be argued that that, condition was 1
I not so satisfactory as it, appeared on the face
j of the hist quarterly returns; in fact, he was
i afraid lest in the course rs the next six months j
j there should be. such an increase if imports over \
I exports as seriously to inconvenience the coun- j
\ try by reducing the quantity of bullion. In
I passing then to the topics contained in the
i speech, lie was sure all must rejoice in the
: prospect of continued peace, though his con
■ fidence in that prospect was based rather on
I {j 1P genera! conviction throughout Europe of
! the folly of war, than on the state of our fnr
i eign relations. He could not look with saf
. isfaction on those relations so long as we
I were not on forms, not merely of amity, but
iof cordial co-operation, with France, ft was
I impossible not to see that the good nnder
■ standing lately existing between the two
I countries had been very much altered for the
| wore during the last few months; and though
he should abstain from an opinion as to the
I comparative merits of the statements on eith
| Pr side respecting the Spanish mm-iage, un
til the whole correspondence was before the
House, yet he thought the country had re
ceived a slight in I lie manner in which that
marriage was brought about, which would not
have been passed on it bad Lord Aberdeen
I been at the head of Foreign Affairs. 'This
I unfortunate coolness had been followed by
1 another event, with which he could not help
think ng it was nearly connected—the an
nexation of Cracow; and, though on this
point, too. he must reserve liis judgment until
the necessary papers were produced, he re
garded the steps taken by the three powers
in violation of a treaty entered into under the
auspices of England, as a discourtesy which
could not have happened if England and
France had preserved their former cordial un
derstanding. With regard to Ireland, there
could he no question that an awful visitation
had fallen on that island, and he was con
vinced that I lie country would make every
sacrifice for its relief. He was not disposed
to make captious observations on the'course
hitherto pursued for that end, but it was ad
mitted on all hands that great errors had been
committed; that the Labor Late Act was a
blunder, and that the plan for its extension
was so clogged and fe'tered as to become a
dev id letter. In Ins opinion, however, a great \
error of the government had been a ton strict
adherence In the abstract doctrines of political
economy when they revolved not to compete with
vrivate speculation in the supply of food in Ire
‘land. Those doctrines must give way to great
emergencies; and though he did not, mean to as- |
sett that the government should have under
taken to supply 'he whole Irish people with
food, they might have done much by establish
ing depots of provisions, and selling tnein
fair market value, so as to keep down
famine prices. With respect to the proposed
measures of relief, lie did not anticipate any
serious opposition to (he measure for increas
ing the tonnage applicable to the importation
of”corn; but believing as he did, that, the
scarcity of corn, both at home and abroad,
was very exaggerated, it might to be a question
whether*the. 'temporary suspension rs the As.
duly would answer the humane expectations
rs 'the government, and whether it would hot
pul money into the pockets of foreigners at the
expense of the- revenue.
After alluding to the justice of allowing
the use of sugar in brewing and distilling
while tiie malt-tax was retained, the noble
Lord promised the government support in
their Irish measures, provided they did not
yeild to exorbitant demand*; and after depict
ing the {tampered position of the Irish land
lords, who he thought had been undeserved
ly abused, implored the government not to
take any ra<li steps with regard to them, and
to set two work at the social improvement, ol
that country in the confident assurance that,
if they honestly labored for that end, no party
considerations should defeat their endeavors.
sf: %
After some observations from EirlFitz
widiam, the Marquisof Westmeath, the Earl
of Roden, the Earl of Hardwicke, and ibe
Earl of Auckland,
The Marquis of Lunsdowne, in reply to
Lord Stanley, stated tiiat lie would, on Mon
day, lay before the House the measures
which the Government intended to pursue
with regard to Ireland.
The question was then put, and agreed to
nem. cm. and their lordships adjourned till
Thursday.
In the HonspNif Commons, the Speaker
took the chair for the discharge of public bu
siness til a quarter before 4 o’clock. Several
new members were then sworn, and Various
notices ol'importance werejgiven by different
members of her Majesty’s Government, and
also by several independent members.
Mr. C. Howard, in moving Ihe address jn
reply to Her Majesty’s speech enlarged upon
most of Ihe topics contained in h. After
dwelling for some time on the famine, dis
ease, and mortality now unhappily prevailing
in Ire'and, and on the patience with which
those terrible calamities had been endured by
its suffering population. he pressed upon the
; House the necessity of discarding all party
disputes, and of devoting itself energetically
hut dispassionately to the consideration of all
measures lending to-the improvement of that
country, lie expressed his satisfaction that
the government, with a view of alleviating
the existing distress and of augmenting the
supply of food, had determined to relax the
navigation laws for a limated period, to take
| off the duties impending the introduc
! lion of foreign corn and to admit sugar into
i our breweries and distilleries. Such meu
! sures, however, could only be of a tempora
ry nature, and tiie permanent condition of
the country, more especially of Ireland,
con'd not be improved by such palliatives.—
He, therefore, imped that government wou'd
adopt such measures as would prevent a tern
porary from becoming a permanent evil.
$ ?|c $ -)! 4
Lord G. Bentick observed, (hat neither he
nor his friends had any intention to make
Ireland the battlefield of party. They deeply
sympathised with the miseries of Ireland, and
with her Majesty’s concern for them; and
they would give their best and calmest at
tention to any remedies brought forward for
their relief. They must, however, deal frankly
with ministers. —Though they did not censure
ministers for not calling Parliament together
1 three months ago instead of superseding by
their own authority the Legislature itself,
' they could not say that the acts of Ministers
were such as they could agree to. They
could not look at the operation of the Poor
, Employment Act ami say that it had worked
; well; for its effect had been to obstruct the
j public conveyances, and to leave the fields
j of Ireland unfilled. Neither could they agree
in the wisdom of the ministerial measures
for the supply of food to the people; for gov
ernment ought to have broken through the
| rules of political economy and to have provid
' ed the people of Ireland with a supply of food.
Looking at what had occurred in the barony
r f Ekibhereen, where the population had been
1 decima’ed in the last few weeks by famine,
! could it he said that the government had done
its dutv? There were three or foul* hundred
thousand quarters of wheat now in the three
j ports of London, Liverpool, and Glasgow.
: What was there to prevent, the government
i from sending it at once to Ireland to feed the
population starving there? Alluding to the
proposition to remove the 4s duty on corn, lie
repudiated the idea tiiat it had been imposed
in consequence of any compact between the
Parliament and the agricultural interest. He
■and his friends were anxious to relieve the
government from ike supposition that they
were bound to retain that duly in consequence
of a compart made with the agricultural
in'erest, and he theteTore ih'ormed his noble
friend that it was not their intention to throw
any obstacles in the way of the repeal of t fiat
dutv. P would he a loss to the Chancellor
of the Exchequer, and no benefit to the con
sumer; 'or it would go info the pockets of the
merchants and forestalled, of whom the people
of Ireland had already too much reason to
complain. He did not expect much benefit to
accrue from the relaxation of the navigation
!wcs; for i> was 100 late now lo be sending the
ships if all nations to America, fir to America
they must go, if they wished to procure corn.
He advised Ministers lo relax their rigid
principles of political economy, and In send the
eight ships of the line ivhich they had now ready
for sea at once to Amerca for corn. They
might make sere vyages to and from that con
tinent before the next harvest, and in that time,
they would bring back 300.000 quarters —uo
mean supply towards feeding the. people of
Ireland.
* ♦ * * * * *
Lord John Russell was not surprised that
Mr. !8. O’Brien had condemned the govern
ment; for it was opposed to that which he
bad recommended himself, and which Lord
G. Benfinck liad supported. The lion, mem
ber had been of opinion that the government
ought to have ransacked the world to pro
cure corn, and that it ought to have attempt
ed to feed tiie people of Ireland with the pro
duce so procured. But if the government
had adopted any such project, it would have
put an end to private enterprise and to the
application of private capital, and would have
led lo oilier consequences still more prejudi
cial. It would have enhanced the price of
corn in England and Scotland, and would
.have induced the laboring classes in both
countries to have become applicants for gov
ernment relief. I laving pointed out how un
wise and impracticable such a scheme must
have turned out, he proceeded to defend the
mode of relief adopted by the government by
establishing depots in various remote dis
tricts of Ireland without any disturbance to |
the general markets. He defended the prin
ciple of tiie Poor Employment Act as sound
and justifiable, and pointed nut the obstacles ;
which liad prevented it from working sue- j
cessfuily in Ireland. The employment of
470,000 persons, representing a population t
of 2.000,000 soul--, with a payment of j
£158,000, in one week, wa = not a circum
stance indifferent in itself, hut was a preg
nant proof that government was anxious by
the resources of tiie empire, to keep the peo
ple from that destitution which would other
wise befall them. He admitted to Mr. S.
O’Brien that (ho calamity was a national ca
lamity, to be met by the national resources.
Ha had endeavored so to meet it, and for any
measure which the government had suggest
ed, he begged leave lo say that the govern
ment, and the government alone, was respon
sible. Allusion had been made to Mr. Tre*
velyan. That gentleman had acted with
great judgment and discretion; but with
respect to the orders which he had issued
and carried into effect, the censure ought to
fall upon the government and not upon him.
He then defended himself from the attack
of Mr. S. O’Brien for not having called Par
liament together three months ago. and proved
; that it would have been very injurious to have
1 called at that time, the Irish members from
i their estates, lo attend in Parliament. He
then adverted to Mr. Roebuck's strictures on
j the MontpenMer marriage, and observed that
from the criticisms which that gentleman
: had passed upon the diplomatic papers, ho
I must have read them in a translation from the
! French documents, which gave a very irn
perfect account of the British argument. He
I could not agree with Mr. Roebuck’s doctrine
that a question of this kind was unworthy
the attention of I lie British public. Outlie
contrarv, he maintained that tiie recent trans
act ion was one of serious importance; and so
it was considered by Lord Aberdeen abd the
| bile government. He thought that the ex
pectations of tiie French government would
in all probability' be disappointed; but the at- |
| tempts of Louis XIV. and of Napoleon to
! obtain supremacy in Spain might be repealed
! again, and the union of France and Spain in
I one policy would be more likely lo lead to
j hostility in Europe than if they continued j
I separate and independent kingdoms. He then ,
took a hasty view of the diplomatic papers
• recently published,and informed the ilosue
that the British government liad never enter
i tained for a moment the intention of support- :
ing Prince Leopold, of Saxe Coburg, as a
candidate for the hand of the Queen of Spam.
There was so little difference of opinion in
tiiat House and in Europe on the extinction
of Cracow, that lie would nn’y say that that
; fatal taint which belonged to the first pirt it ion
i of Poland, attached also to the annili lalion
of this its last remnant, and had induced Lite
three powers to forget their relations, not
! only with other powers, but with justice
! itself. On the topics of the speech, he would
not say another word. He should tiring
forward his different measures in a few days.
On Monday next, I e would give an outline
of them. They would be embodied in dif
ferent bills, and would be submitted in that
shape to tiie Iliuse. If bis noble friend, j
Lord G. Bentinck, had a better plan, let him
i state it. and let us all endeavor to perfect i
those measures which will unite Ireland to
England, and which will give her that help
in her necessity which she is entitled to
| demand. He believed that much injury had
been done to the feelings of Englishmen by
j the language used in Ireland of late years,
1 and that that language had indisposed many
Englishmen lo exertion at present. He
j believ ed, however, that the majority of our
i population was anxious lo do all that was
necessary for the improvement of Ireland.
** * * * *
Sir R. Peel did not rise to disturb the
unanimity of tiie House upon llie address, but
; to remark that there was scarcely one topic
in it. which might not be debated with great
;er advantage when t ho measures relating to j
it were regularly before the House. Vv itli
j respect to the correspondence on the Mons-
I pensier marriage, which had appeared in the
j French papers, lie supposed that it was only
j a part of what had taken place. He hoped
that the noble lord would publish the rest of
it, and would give all of it which related to
the conduct of tiie late government. Wait
ing for that correspondence, lie would abstain
from saving anything further upon it than
this—that while Lite late government was in
power, it had made no efforts to promote any
alliance between the Queen of Spain and t lie ;
House of Coburg. lie liad always been of !
opinion tiiat it would neither be for the inter-
I cst of Spain nor for tiiat of England that such
an alliance should take place. He expressed
his deep regret that the extinction of (La
cow had taken place. It was not only an
act impolitic in itself, but it was also a vir
i tua 1 departure from the engagements into
which the three Powers had entered, lie
; regretted that there was no reference to tiie
| state of the revenue in the address, as it
would have been of advantage to the country
; to know at once what its prospects were.—
With respect to Ireland, lie was disposed to
! make every allowance for the measures
j adopted by Her Majesty’s Government. He
| did not blame them for not having railed the
Parliament together at an earlier period, for
nothing could be done in Ireland without un
remitting exertions on the part of the land
| lords. He thought that if the 4'- duty had been
removed earlier it would have been productive
j of greater advantage; at present it would , in
his opinion, produce but little. \v o ought not,
however to try the* Government by the infor- !
ovation which we have at this moment, but
by the information which it possesed at the j
time. After the statement of the noble lord, 1
as to the number of staff officers and other
workmen employed by the Board of Works,
bethought that one of the first objects of the
Ilon-c ought to be the restoration of the na
j rural relations of labor between Ihe employ
ers and the employed. He then expressed
his concurrence in the measure which would
give admission to sugar in our breweries and
distilleries, but said that here too, he must
observe, that it would have been of greater
advantage liad it been earlier. In conclusion,
he stated tiiat he did not intend In object lo
any of the temporary measures which were
dcem r d necessary by those who directed tiie
affairs of the country, and who were respon
. silde for its security against starvation.
Lord Palmerston replied to the argument ;
i of Mr. D’lsrceli, on the construct ion of the j
treaties of Utrecht and Vienna. He showrd
that Mr. D’lsraeM was completely mistaken ns
to the bearing of the treaty of Vienna on the
free city of Cracow, and contended, at some
length, that the renunciations required by
the treat y of Utrecht prevented the succession
of any descendant of the Duke of Orleans to
tiie throne of Spain.
The address was then agreed to nemine
dissenlien/e.
The House then adjourned.
IRELAND.
The accounts from nearly every part of
Ireland differ but little in describing the real
situation of the people. V* e select a few as
a specimen of (he whole:—
The Cork Examiner sunn up the state of
things in the neighborhood of iskibbereen—
i ‘‘ln the parish of Kilmoe, 14 died on Sun
j day; 3of those were buried in coffins, 11
were buried without oilier covering than the
' rags ihev wore when alive. One gentle
men, a good and charitable man. speaking of
this case, says:—‘The di-tress is so appall
ing, that we must throw away all feelings of
delicacy;’ and another says—‘l would rather
give Is. to a starving man than 4s 6d. for a I
coffin.’ ‘T4O died in Skibhereen workhouse
in one month; 8 have died in one da\! And
Mr. M’Carthy Downing slates, that ‘they
came into the house merely and solely for
the purpose of getting a coffin.’
The accounts from Mayo, given in the
Freeman’s Journal, fire very painful, in the
parish of Cong, 27 deaths occurred within’
h week; in a neighboring parish, a like num
ber in three weeks. The Rev. Patrick Fitz-
S gerakl, Homan Catholic car..ie of Kiigeever,
thus illustrates tho intensity of the famine:—
‘■l Mini! never forget the impression mad©
on my mind a few days ago by a most heart
i rending case of starvation, I have witnessed
the poor mother of five in family sending her
1 little children, almost lifeless from hunger,
( to bed; and, despairing pf ever again seeing
them alive, si.e look her loive of them. In
the morning, her first act was to touch their
lips whli her hand, to see if the breath of
life still remained; but the poor mother’s fears
were not groundless, for nut a breath coul I
; she feel from some of her dear little children;
tiiat night buried them in the night of cter
i niiy.”
The increase of robberies and depredations
I close ts) the public works lias elicited a cii
cnlar from the Board of Works, announcing
that “in all cases where such might have
been prevented by the men employed on the
work', or tiie offenders seized by them, and
where they do not assist to bring the guilty
: parties to justice, the works will be forthwith
suspended.”
We here notice the formation of the“ Bri
tish Association lor the relief of extreme dis
tress in the remote parishes of Ireland and
I Scotland.” The committee, at the head of
which is the Lord Mayor of London, has pub
! lisfted a list of contributions, amounting to
I fifty thousand pounds; the Queen giving £2,-
: 000, Prince Albert £SUO, the Duchess of
Gloucester, £200; the Duke of Devonshire,
£1,000; several city firm-, £I,OOO each;
Lord John Russell has given £300; Sir
Robert Peel, and several other gentlemen,
£2OO each. The object of the subscription is
to buy food, and to send it, forthwith by spe
cial steamers to the most destitute localities.
A terrible disea-e, almost amounting to a
j plague, lias broken out in some of the poor
houses in Ireland. The deaths in the work*
I house of idcarilT' County Clare, from this
cause average from four to twelve daily.
The English press, it is said, are studious
ly concealing the condition of the people.
The landlords of Cavan recently held a
meeting to devise measures for relieving the
furnishing people of that county.
Outrages on the public works are rife.—
The public works have been suspended in
the parish of Kuan, County Clare, in conse
quence of an attac k having been made upon
Sir. Harrington, the principal overseer in
that parish, because he was a stranger in th*
district. Mr. Harrington was severely beaten,
but we are glad to hear that the medical at
tendant has pronounced his life out of dan
ger.
The statements made with respect to the
purchase of fire-arms are quite unfounded;
the only trader who is engaged in the sale of
these articles in the Skibbereen Union, com
prising a population of nearly 100,000 per
sons, has of late sold but fifteen guns and two
1 pistols, which were disposed of to men in the
i highest ranks.
The condition of the country around Cork
is most appalling, starvation being universal,
deaths from want of food frequent, and fear
ful iy on the increase, whilst despair has seized
■ upon the public mind from the apparent in
disposition of the government to exert itself
for the preservation of the people.
FRANCE.
SPEECH OF TIIE KING OF THE FRENCH.
In summoning you to resume the labor of
the session, my first wish is that you should
| afford my Government all yon co-operation,
( in order to relieve tho sufferings which this
vear press upon a portion of our population.
I have hastened to order the measure? cal
culated to aMain that end. I hope tiiat by
1 the fi .n maintenance of order, by the liberty
and security of (ornmercial transactions, by
an nmp’e and judicious application of tiie
i public fortune, efficiently aiding the zea I of
: private charity,we shall mitigate those trials
with which Providence sometimes visits the
most.
Mr relations with all the Foreign Power*
afford tiie firm confidence that the peace of
the world canlinucs secured.
The marriage of my beloved son, the Duke
de Mnntpensier, to my beloved niece, the
Infanta of Spain, Louisa Fernanda, has
’ completed the satisfaction and consolations
I which Providence has voneh.-afed me in
my family. This union will prove a fresh
pledge of those friendly and intimate relations
; that have so long existed between France
ami Spain, and the maintenance of which is
as de.-irable for the prosperity as the mutual
I security o'; both nations.
I have reason t<» hope that the affairs r.f
tiie Rver Plate will, before long, be adjusted
| comfortably to the views adopted by my
Government with that of tiie Queen of Great
Hritian, for the re establishment of the secu
rity of our commercial relations in that coun
t ry •
I have cone-tided with the Emperor of
Russia a treaty of navigation, which guaran
tees to us, by a just reciprocity in onr mari-
I time relations with that empire, advantages
which it was important to ns to preserve.
An unexpected event has impaired the
state of things founded in Europe bv the
late treaty of Vienna. The Republic of
Cracow, an indepent and neutral slate, has
been incorporated with the Empire of Austria.
I have protested against that infraction of
the treaties.
At home, the constant progress of the
public revenue, despite the causes that might
| have checked, it, demonstrates that the
activity and sources of the country continue
to increase. Laws of finance, and various
others relative Jo important improvements in
the legislation and administration of the king
dom, will be submitted to your deliberation,
i The great public works which we have
undertaken shall he completed, with the
1 persevarence which the interests of the coun
try command, and with the prudence indis
; pensable to the maintenance of public credit. *
You will also have to direct your attention
to measures calculated to second in our
African (Algerine,) possession the progress
j of colonization, and of its internal prosperity,
i Tranquillity so happily restored to Algeria
1 by the valor and devotedness of our army
enables us to examine maturely that important
j question, respecting what a special bill will
be presented to you.
Messieurs, a common feeling animates us.
You are all, like me and mine, devoted to
• tiie happiness and grandeur of our country,
and already long experience lias enlightened
us as to the policy best suited to her moral
and meterial interests, and which must secure
present prosperity and the pacific and regu
lar development of her future destinies. I
await with confidence, from your patriotism
and wisdom, the co-operation necessary to
the accomplishment of this great task. Let
us assist each other in supporting the bur
den, and France will reap the fruit of our ef
forts.