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BY JAMES GARDNER, JR.
’THE con: STITITIONALI ST.
OFFICE IN McINTOSIi-STREET,
Third door from the -\orlh-\\ est corner oj l>road-st.
Sales of LAND by Administrators, Executors, or
• luardians, are required, by law, to be held on the
first Tuesday in the mouth, between the hours of
ten in the forenoon and three in the afternoon, at
the Court House in which the property is situate.
Notice of these sales must be given in a public
Gazette sixty days previous to the day of sale.
Sales of NEGROES must be at public auction, on
the first Tuesday of the month, between the usual
hours of sale, at the place of public sales in the
county where the Letters Testamentary, or Ad
ministration. or Guardianship, may have been
granted, first giving sixty days' notice thereof, ;
in one of the public < Gazettes of this State, and at
the door of the Court House where such sales are.
. to be held. j
Notice for the sale of Persona! Property must be
given in like-manner fokty days previous to day
of sale.
Notice tn the Debtors and Creditors of an Estate,
must be published for forty days.
Nptice that application will be made to the Court of
Ordinary for leave to sell LAND, must be pub- ■
V listed for FOUR MONTHS.
Notice for leave to sell NEGROES, must be pub
r lished four months before any order absolute
K‘eati be given by the Court. * ■ j
..'JI!.'" -a-- C
TUESDAY MORNING, JUNE 10, 1845. f
_ CONSTITUTIONALIST OFFICE, ) e
June 10, 1845. ( -j
From the 19th June, 1832, to this day, the ; [
'columns of this paper have been under my ■ i
control. This is the last number that will be : 1
issued under my name. On Thursday the i
new editor and proprietor, James Gardner,' t
Jun. assumes that control which ceases with ' s
ine. As the causes that hat e led to this >
change in the publication of the paper can (
interest but few of its readers, it is superflu- : f
ous to allude to them. It will be sufficient j *
for me to observe, that I firmly' believe the j £
subscribers will not lose by the change, as ; 1
my successor is eminently qualified for the !
task he has undertaken. Young as he is,'
ardent in temperament, and zealous in the j 1
pursuit of knowledge, he will not fail to im- '
part to the columns of his paper, that spirit 5
which animates him. Besides, his political ‘
information and literary acquirements, are '
extensive, which, matured by some experience '
in a laborious profession, and by a deep and i
lively interest in the politics of the country ! 5
and of his own state, will enable him at once I 1
to give a direct and decided tone to the prin | ‘
ciples of his paper. I have every assurance ,
that those principles will accord with those j 1
that the Constitutionalist has so steadily I
maintained, in prosperous and adverse times, ■
while under my control. Being thus confi- 1
dent, I recommend my successor to the sub-;
scribers of the paper, and beg of them to ex-| I
lend to him that confidence and that support, *
which a large portion of them have so libe- *
rally extended to me, for these thirteen years, c
and for which I will entertain grateful feel- c
ings during the remainder ot my life. My 1
successor is determined to perform his part . c
of the contract between him and the public, i ;l
with all the good faith and energy he posses- I a
e> =- * 1
. ITL‘ ZIU-5 ioC <•■-■ -• ’ ' •:»,<! fh«‘ •>•»?»♦»• trt fljC
charge his duty and obligations as an editor ;
and proprietor; I beg therefore the friends of
the paper, throughout the stale, and the
members of the democratic party, to pe.ioim
their part of tiie contract, by an efficient sup- .
port, not so much for the benefit of the edi-|
tor, as it will be for the benefit of the parly, I
by extending the circulation of the paper and.
therefore, the diffusion oi whoiesome piinci
ples.
Before I conclude this farewell address, my
heart prompts me to allude to the community
in which I have lived lor so many years. In
all the political fluctuations that have taken ■.
place, during that time, 1 have been kindly
treated, though opposed to a majority of that,
community by principles which my con
science told me to advocate. I have found
personal friends, where 1 had political oppo
nents, and I have invariably received, indul- :
gence, where 1 expected disapprobation. I ;
mav say that the excitement of parties, and
tiie animosity of party warfare, have but sel
dom had any influence in changing the good
feeling which was personally entertained to
wards me. In conclusion, I can affirm, and
I appeal to God to be my witness for the truth
of mv declaration, that, though I have labored
with zeal for my party ami its principles, I
had constantly in view the best interests of
Georgia, and especially the prosperity of the
City of Augusta, and the happiness of its
citizens. P. C. GCIELJ.
3 Tin’ publishing our weekly statement of
‘•Cotton Movements,” to be found in this day’s
paper, we will observe, that the opiniop pre
vailed in Liverpool, when the Great W estern
sailed, that the cotton crop of this country
would greatly exceed the crop of 1843, at
least by two or three hundred thousand bales.
It is certain that erroneous statements have
been forwarded to Europe, in regard to the
crop now going forward. To enable our
readers to make an estimate themselves, we j
have taken the trouble to prepare the follow
ing table, which shows the receipt of cotton
every week at the United States southern
ports, from February 1, 1845, to this day, ac- ;
.cording to our table, which we believe to be ■
accurate. The receipt at all the ports, made ,
up from the latest dates received at our office,
for the week ending this day is only 22,819
bags, which cannot fail to decrease material
ly before the closing of the cotton year, Sep- [
ternber 30, 1845. According to our table,
there were received, tor the week ending: *
February 1, 1845, 65,492
« 8, “ 100,285
“ 15, “ 102,118
« 22, “ 123,694
March 1, “ 110,623
« 8, “ f. 112,852
u 22, “ 90,608
u 29, “ 70,516
April 5,’ “ 76,156
i. jy « 70,034
u 26 41 69.306
May 3,’ “ 46,286
.< 10 « ' 41,320
J7 ’ » 24,968
“ 24: “ : 31,721
u 31 « 24,584
June 7’, “ 22,819
Qj"We have sufficient returns before us .
which enable us to announce that the demo
cratic party in Florida have achieved a com
plete victory. The democratic candidates for
Governor and member of Congress, are elect-
dwrgici tLoiistititfioiwlifit.
■ ed by large majorities, considering the small
number of votes polled, and the same party
will have a commanding majority in each
branch of the legislature, which will enable
the same party to elect two United States
Senators. The Florida Sentinel of the 3d
instant, a whig paper, announces the result
of the election in the following language:
“The result of the recent election is a defeat to
! the \\ liigs, as perfectly overwhelming as it was
unexjtecied. East of Tullahassee, it is reported
(and we have good reason to believe the report)
that not one solitary Whig is elected to the Gener
al Assembly, and the average majority of Moseley
and Levy, East of the Suwannee, is said lobe about
eleven hundred. Should this report prove correct,
the vviiigswill have a strength only, of fifteen, or,
■ (.if Messrs. Pent and Patterson are elected in the
South.) of seventeen on joint ballot, in the Assem
bly. This will give the Locos 21 majority on joint
ballot.” _
3.7" The foreign news by the Great. Britain,
if not important, is interesting, considered in
a political and commercial point of view.
The British prints do notappear so belligerent,
in regard to the Oregon question, as they ap- '
peared to be in April last; and we have no '
doubt that their tone will Ldcome still more
pacific when they find that their blusteriugs
are taken very coolly by the Yankees, as they
are sometimes pleased to call the American
people But this belligerent tone ofthe Brit- I
ish press, together with the speeches of Sii |
Robert Lords Russell and Palmerston, I
in the House of Commons, will have lighten- |
ed the pockets of such ofthe patriotic British |
subjects, who are always ready to swallow I
whatever their rulers declare in Parliament '
or elsewhere. The belligerent tone then as- ;
sutned, had the effect of producing a decline |
in the stocks, by capitalists retiring from the i
stock market, and of producing an advance j
in the cotton market, by capitalists becoming '
speculators in the article. By the Great!
Western we are informed that the more paci- !
tic language assumed by the press and the
ministry, has produced an advance in the j
stocks, and a decline in the cotton market of !
fully one farthing. Thus those speculators |
who sold stock when at a decline, and those!
who purchased cotton when at an advance, !
will have suffered by the imprudent and uu- j
guarded language of tiie British press, and j
by the schemes ofthe ministry, who covered \
their policy in regard to the pacification of J
Ireland with the Oregon question, and the !
declaration of President I’oik.
Pile general trade ol Europe continued in ;
a prosperous condition, and peace and harmo- i
ny prevailed among the European powers, i
But there is arising a spirit of rivalry in the
productions of manufactures, which may at j
no very distant day create hostile feelings. !
Every nation of Europe will endeavour, by i
commercial regulations, and by treaties with :
certain nations, to acquire advantages that I
may be injurious to the trade and commerce j
of other people. The commercial power and
aggrandizement of the United States have
attracted, and continue to attract, tliegener.il j
attention of Europe; and we are sorry tofiud <
that tins power uegms io De fuok(|U .>.... ; ’
jealousy by Great Britain and even by France, i 1
But as no foreign nation can check our com-1 1
mercial power, and the increase of it, as well ■ 1
as of our population, we will become so strong 1 !
in a few years, and so formidable in resources j
and means of defence, that we wiil defy -all ■
Europe combined in any act of hostility they .
may attempt, to impede, our march to uu- j
bounded power and prosperity.
ILFSince writingthe above, and after it was j
in type, we received the New York papers by
last evening’s mail, which contained three j
I day’s later news from Liverpool, brought by i
! the Cambria, at Boston. We copy from the j
i New Journal of Commerce what fol
! lows:
IARR IV A L O F TII E CA M BR I A .
j THREE DAYS LATER FROM BONDOX.
: The steamship Cambria, Capt. Judkins, ar
j rived at Boston on Sunday evening, a liitle
I past 9 o’clock. She left Liverpool at 25
minutes past 5 o’clock on the 20th ult., and
was telegraphed | past 7 June Ist, evening,
having made her passage in 12 days and two
hours. The Cambria brought 59 passengers
j from Liverpool, and 18 from Halifax.
Tiie discussion on the 3d reading of the
bill making a grant to Maynooth (Roman
Catholic) College, Ireland, commenced on
tiie 19th, and occupied most of the sitting. It
. was then adjourned till tiie following day.—
There was no doubt of its passage. The op-.
' position to it appeared to have diminished. i
Tiie cotton market remained as before.
There was a long discussion on the loth in
l the House of Commons, in regard to maiming
I the Navy. Admiral Cockburn, Capt. Berkely
and others represented the number of men on
board the first class ships to be too small. I
Admiral C. said they were 100 less than em- i
ployed on board the same class of ships either J
in France or America,
The funds were buoyant, partly in conse- ■
quence of tiie pacific intelligence from Aine- :
: rica. A regular caterwaul appears to have
j been expected.
Douglas Jerrold is the writer of Mrs.
■ ! Caudle’s famed “Curtain Lectures” in Punch.
LIVERPOOL, May 19.—Since Friday the cot
ton market has been quiet, but prices have remain
ed steady. The sales on Saturday were 4500 bags;
to-day they amount to 4000; rite sales are almost
entirely of American cotton, and to the trade for
immediate consumption.
QjAVe found in the National Intelligencer
I a very interesting table, showing the export
of leading articles, of domestic produce, for
i year ending the 30th of June, 1844. Accord
| ing to the table, the amount exported of each
I article, was as follows:
Cotton, §54,063,501
| Tobacco, 8,397,282
Rice, 2,182,468
i Bread stuffs, 9,056,960
I Beef, Pork, &c. 6,149,379
Products of the Sea, 3,350,501
Products of the forest, 5,808,712
Manufactures of cotton, 2,898,780
Other manufactures, 5,080,854
All other articles, 2,726,760
Total amount of exports was §99,715,179
and the articles of cotton and rice amounted
! to §56,255,76911
IjyWe have to acknowledge from Mr.
Holmes, ol the Literary Depot, the following
; interesting works:
Harpers Illuminated and Pictorial Bible,
No. 27.
■* Wyoming, a Tale, said to be written by a
lady, in the style of Cooper’s.
One of the best of the works wc have re
ceived, is another elementary book by Charles
Anthon, entitled “A system of Latin Versifi-
I cation,” &c. in one volume.
[communicated.]
THE OREGON CONTROVERSY.
It cannot be disguised that this great con-
I troversy engages much of the attention and
• occupies a prominent place in the thoughts of
' the citizens of this country and England.
; The claims of each disputant have been ani
matedly canvassed in the public journals;
they are likewise adverted to in the Inaugural
Address of President Polk, and have more
recently still been discussed by the British
1 Premier. The event cannot be clearly fore
: seen nor certainly predicted.
The question of our rights to the Oregon
territory is undeniably a grave question, and
if ever there was a period in our history since
the organization of the federal government
when we needed patriotic statesmanship to
guide and direct our councils, it is at the
present critical juncture. I fear that same!
ofthe presses this side the* Atlantic are too '
completely under the control of party spirit, ;
too obedient to party dictation, and instead of |
regarding this important question as one in
volving our national rights and future pros
perity, are viewing it only as it may affect the
distribution of the loaves and fishes of office
as it may ultimately tend to uphold or -destroy
the administration party. All are not obnox
ious to this reproach; numbers are guiltless;
but to tiiose who are let me apply the admo
nition qf Horace, List mrdus in rebus. Par
tisan feeling, when it is so potent, as to in- ;
duce us to forgetour fealty to the nation, is ;
but a hair’s breadth off’from treason.
1 believe that in approaching this momen- I
tons subject, I am wholly uninfluenced by
these unworthy feelings.
It is essential to the utility and complete
ness of the inquiry, that it should be primarily
ascertained in which parly the right ol this
territory is vested, and secondly, if our title
is perfect the question will then arise wheth- j
er it is expedient to maintain this right if as
sailed by a resort to arms, and an appeal to
the God ol Battles.
in reference to the first branch of our in
quiry", I apprehend that it is obvious to every
unbiassed person, who has attentively exam- '
ined the multitudinous publications upon this '
mysterious topic, that notwithstanding the
confident tone of Mr. Polk, and the anequivo- ;
cal declarations of Sir Robert Peel and his
confederates, that the statements and circum- j
stances from which we must deduce our con
clusions are few and ill-authenticated. The j
country is remote, separated from the more !
eastern portion of North' America by an al
most impassable chain of mountains, thinly I
inhabited, and its scanty population but little j
connected with the affairs, or interested in
the transactions, of either Great Britain or
the United States, vast tracts of it according
to the statements of travellers, not fitted for
tillage and totally unoccupied by the Indian
t rsE-.es,haviiifcbcen abandoned to large herds
ol the Butlaio, auuuiv.V T’UkTf T! 1 Ts a ’
boundaries are not defined, the parties dis
putant are incapable of designating by suita
ble means the territory for the possession of j
which they are earnestly struggling. Each
party may by their demands be encroaching
upon the rightful property of either the Rus
sians or Mexicans. The simple unsophisti
cated truth is, that these Oregon settlements
would have forever been esteemed insignifi- '
cant trading stations, the residence of dealers
in Peltry, if China had not been forced by the
unlawful policy o England to open her Ports,
it is now ti ought to be an eligible point, from
whence to ship supplies to the Chinese mar
kets, although it is manifest, many years must
Intervene before this can become an available
plan.
Constant reference is made to treaties and |
conventions that have no legitimate bearing i
upon the issun I humbly conceive, with the !
most respectful deference to others who may |
disagree with me in this position, that the I
treaties of Utrecht and Paris have nothing to |
do with the question; the former very evi- i
dently has not, and the latter merely transfers '
the Canadas to Great Britain, which had been
wrested from France by Gen. Wolfe and his <
compatriots upon the memorable plains of I
Abraham. It it be affirmed that this transfer (
is extended by implication to the distant Ore
gon, I reply that this interpretation is unwar
ranted by’ any sound canon ot construction. :
And furthermore,that France could not have 1
conveyed this territory, never having claimed I
it, nor exercised over it any act of sovereign- ,
tv or ownership. This excludes tiie treaty ot !
of 1803, by which we acquired the Louisiana ,
territory, for France had no better title to
Oregon when she concluded that treaty with
us than when she surrendered the Canadas to ;
England.
The question is now narrowed down to
that of -prior discovery and occupation, and
these two things (for they are only effectual
when they are conjoint) are the best founda
tions of title. Conceding, for it cannot be
gainsaid, that this territory was discovered .
by English navigators previously to the re
cognition of our national independence, what
I right did this confer? Certainly none, unless
1 they did some act that signified her inten
' tion to claim the discovered territory. There
' are certain ceremonies which according to
I the usages of nations are requisite to adver-
I tise to the rest of the world of these inten
' tions, such as erecting a standard or doing
i some other overtact, that serves that purpose
I equally well. And it must be remembered
i that these forms are as obligatory as any other
1 articles of the code. 1 ask then for the re
| cord.* But let it be granted that the Law of
1 Nations was complied with: how much of this
1 unexplored country did she become entitled
! to? Did the bare discovery and transient oc
-1 < upation of a solitary promontory vest in her
j the right to thousands of square miles of
1 territory ? Such an opinion I deem highly
i absurd; moreover it is incontestably estab-
I lished that the Columbia river, which irrigates
i this extensive region, was first actually as
s cended by an American vessel, (from which
; the stream derives its name) having on board
> an American crew; and that the first perma
nent settlement upon that desolate coast was
! made by American citizens.
’ From tins brief and hasty view of the rights
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, THURSDAY-. JUNE 12, 1845.
of the two countries, they appear to be nearly
upon an equipoise. A contrariety ol opinions
uiav exist apart from the operation oi preju
dice, and tins 1 think virtually admitted by
the joint occupancy agreement. I um in- .
i Mined conscientiously to believe in the justice j
of our claim. One tact that confitms ibis,
belief is that, at the conclusion of our 1i st war
with Groat Britain, the military post situated :
At the mouth of the Columbia river was di-j
rected by the British Minister to be restored ,
j in conformity to an article of the treaty- of j
Ghent, stipulating for the restoration ol all the (.
ports that hid been captured luring the war. j t
This savorsofa tacit admission of the super!- - <
ority of our right. lam aware that Mr. Ad- . ‘
ams predicate our claim upon a different *
ground; but I cannot perceive the strength or : ,
loMc ofhis reasoning. But enough on ifie i
first division of our subject. i i
The next division might be properly subui- ! c
vided, for there are two things to be consider- j ‘‘
ed : the rio 'nt of the nation to make war and ! ?
the expediency of exercising that righj- c
A nation is not justifiable iu hitzaffhirr a s
war which may pro >ab!y prove dsstruetive to 1
the common weal in order to procure repa-I .
ration for a fancied insult or trivial invasion I i
of her rights. She must compute the ohances ' (
of the conflict, and unless some substantial < 1
benefit is likely to be gained, it had belter ' '
not be undertaken. We willingly allow that , t
therearesoine injuries that should beavenged, . •:
because it they were disregarded they would ''
be repeated, and for others for which the on- : j
ly compensation is a moderate chastisement :
ol the offender. In alicient times when the I
sovereign dreaded a conspiracy or combina- i <
lion against his authoait\\ at home, it w:, ISCUS-1.1
tomary tor him to w \V®War against a neigh- 1
boring Prince upon' frivolous pre- '
texts, and thus, divert ofhis en- t
raged subjects from i\ v . Abuses arid tyranny i
of his own governing , vA'But now if such '
paltry motives operat the cabinets of
kings they are never avowed.
It is a just cause of war that a nation has t
good reasons to apprehend that an" particu- i
lar power, by getting possession of an adja- ‘
cent territory, would become formidable to its ‘
safety and continuance as an independent i ‘
state. To make this a valid excuse for an j i
offensive war the peri! must be immediate, H
not distant, or exceedingly dubious. It need ! ‘
not be remarked that ail strictly defensive! 5
wars are justifiable upon established princi- t
pies of right reason. The right of self-de- I <.
fence appertains lo nations in no less a de- \ 1
gree than to individuals. With these data ;
fora starting point, we proceed to inquire
the rights of this country would authorize a | s
declaration of war against England if she ■ 1
should interpose any obstacles for the full 1
consummation of these rights. 1 am deci- | '
dedly of the opinion that our government ' 1
would be amply justified in pursuing this ! t
policy if milder measures were abortive. I i
It is Fionseuse to say that these rules are i
two kwse, and might induce a
of Ctis-ps- of the y> . or , d . The answer t’o t
this specious reaso.w.-.-g. at hand. Every-i s
thing may be perverted from its original use ■ ■
and destination, and if a nation has a right to '
repel actual violence, she as clearly possess
es the right of making suitable provisions ■ ;
against a threatened attack. For this rea- I
son, if there were none stronger, we should ! ■
not yield our claims upon the Oregon territo- J
ry. Great Britain is not only interested in \
repressing our growth in all that relates to I
power and opulence, because we are qualified \
to excel her in these respects, not only in j
checking the diffusion of those republican
principles, which are so proudlv exemplified
in our form of government; but it is her con- ;
stant study to invent schemes for the de- ’
struction of that institution peculiar to the j
Southern States. To the latter conduct it is
apparent that she is impelled by no feelings .
of humanity, by no sympathy or compassion
for the slave, but by self-interest. It is
j against the competition of slave labor that
j she clamors, and not against oppression. To
, effect this change, so beneficial to herself,
! but ruinous to us, she despatches her fanati
i cal emissaries and vile agents, who, while j
■ depicting in thrilling language with tristful !
I visages the horrors of the middle passage
and the misery of servitude, are pondering ;
, the effect of these passionate appeals upon j
I the commercial interests of the “mistress of
I the ocean.” These designs against the wel
j fare and integrity of the union must be de
i seated at the risk of war. And when this is
! made the issue 1 am satisfied all parties,
■ however they may have disagreed hitherto
I upon matters of governmental policy, will be .
j found rallying around a common standard, j
I and that the concord of our hearts and hands !
j in defence of our rights will equal that ofour
j forefathers in those times that “tried men’s j
j souls.” While I give utterance to these sen- j
: timents, I am convinced that it is the duty of ,
. our government to make every reasonable
> exertion to preserve our present amicable re-
I lations with Great Britain. War is a severe '
■ calamity, and what would be its consequences
if engendered between our own country and
England, no human prescience can discover.
We may be assured they would be sufficient
ly deplorable. But should it be necessary’, as
the signs of the times indicate, let us meet
it with undaunted fronts, and courageous
spirits, cry “ Courage! to the field! and "let,
slip the dogs of war. '
HAMPDEN.
May 29th, 1845.
—
DEMOURATIC MEETING.
At a meeting of the Democratic Associa
tion of Columbia county, held at Appling o n !
Tuesday, -3d instant, agreeable to previous
notice, for the purpose of selecting delegates
to the Gubernatorial Convention to meet in
Milledgeville on the third Monday in June in
stant.
Ou motion, the President proceeded to ap
point the following named gentlemen dele
gates tosaid Convention, to wit:—Col. Thus.
E. Beall, Maj. John Harris, James Suther
land, Peyton R. Martin, and Benjamin Wi
ley, Esqs.
Resolred, That our delegates to said Con
vention be wholly untrammelled by party in- !
i structumsor pledges twete fur any particu-
Hr candidate .as the nominee of the demo- :
cratic. party, but that tliey be left free to act!
according to judgment, having only in view j
the harmony of the party and united action of ;
( the Democracy of the State.
Cn motion,the meeting adjourned.
NATHANIEL BAILEY, Preset. ■
Stephen Drane, Sec’y.
[F om the Ncv> York Morning Xcuts.]
ARRIVAL OF THE GREAT WESTERN !
THIRTEEN DAYS FROM EUROPE,
'i'iie Great Western, which left Liverpool
atthree o'clock, P. M. on the 171.fi u’l.. arriv
ed off Sandy Hook at half-past nine yester
day morning, making her passage in 14 days i
and 22 hours from dock to dock. The Weath- I
er generally on the passage was moderate.— ;
She brought 05 passengers, among whom
was W. ?d. Richards, bearer of despatches. !
'i’iie news by tills arrival is important and
interesting, and the commercial accounts gen
erally more favorable than could have been I
anticipated.
Taking their tone from the parliamentary
speeches of Sir Robert Peel and Lord Aber-;
deen on the Oregon question, her Alajesty’s
subjects appear Lo have given themselves up
t<itnen'Miefthat war would inevitably ensue,
and the capitalists aiKTspecufutors set them- j
selves to work in earnest in improving the i
imagined opportunity to turn the approaching I
calamity to profitable account. Such was >
the state of affairs on the departure of the Bri
tannia, at which time a small advance had I
lakeii place in cotton; and so it continued for
the tir.rt. succeeding week. The arrival of the :
Great Western, however, with intelligence i
of a very pacific feeling on this side, on the
important mutter upon which “noble lords” ;
had spoken so warmly in Parliament, had the
effect to partially coo! the speculative rage;—
and those pacifia indications being not only!
confirmed, but greatly increased by the cool j
manner in which the American public receiv
ed the diplomatic essays of the Premier and !
his colleague in the other House, and of!
which intelligence was received by the Cale- !
donia, the cotton market at once became in- !
active, without any immediate prospect of re- !
vivai.
Upon the funds, however, the American ;
news hud exercised a contrary effect. The !
supposed threatened rupture had rendered
them very unsettled, but they improved on the
arrival ol' the news by tiie “Great Western,” .
and maintained their steadiness until the ar-;
rival of tiie “Caledonia,” when a further im- !
provement took place.
Wilmer Smith’s European Tinies, from
which we gleam most ofour facts, says : “If
the public securities are to be taken us a test, 1
the probability of the Oregon question being :
settled otherwise than friendly seems very !
remote. Notwithstanding tins confidence, ' ■
the subject is alluded to, in private circles, us
one that is very ticklish, and that a trilling !
matter may fun into u flame.”
'i’iie same paper adds :
“In tne manufacturing districts, trade, '
which was somewhat languid a short time ■
since, has improved. Tiie Manchester mar- ;
ket exhibits unmistakable symptoms of im
provement; and the same, though in a some- j
what modified sense, may be said ofthe wool-1
len districts of Yorkshire.
“In the Sugar uiarket and the Produce!
markets ot the West Indies generally, there |
is an improvement. At the sailing of the i
last.'leu m-.-r, Sugar was moving somewhat |
111.1111 H,.u m.Ti'used. Purctiasers .
evince a partiality for the oetter qualities, and
steady prices are obtained. It appears, after
some inquiries which have been instituted in i
certain parts of the metropolis, that the con |
-umption of Sugar amongst the more wealthy
class has increased of late to the extent of i
from ten to twenty per cent., while, amongst i
tiie poor, the increase, has been much higher ;
—from thirty to forty per cent. I 'l’iie state
ment appears to be very extraordinary, and !
its general application may be questioned; j
but it is put forth authoritatively in the circu- j
lar of a great and respectable house for the ;
information of their friends.”
Just as the Times was going to press, it !
was reported, at the Custom House, on what
was deemed good authority, "that an order
had been received from the Board of Customs,
refusing admission to Louisiana Sugar at the .
low duties.”
It is stated that the draught ofthe conven- ■
tion respecting the right of search, agreed !
upon by the Commissioners (the Huke de Bro-
I giie and Dr. Lushingtoii) which had been]
transmitted for approval Irom London to Paris, ;
had been returned with an objection to one of:
its provisions. The [ireci.se terms ofthe pro
posed convention were not of course known,
! but it was understood that they contemplated '
treaties with the native chiefs to prevent the ,
! sale and embarcation of slaves.
The editors ofthe Tinies indulge, at great ’
length, their speculative propensities, on the i
; subject ol the probability of a rupture between
j the United Statesand England, in regard to :
Oregon; but as they write apparently under ;
j the same influence which operated so exten- I
; sively upon the cotton market for a few j
weeks, and consequently with little point to
the American feeling on the subject, their lu-
■ cubrations might amuse, but would little in
terest tiit* American readers. We cannot,
however, deny our readers the perusal of one
of their highly intelligent paragraphs on this
important and interesting topic. They say :
“Hasty men are generally obstinate men.
! The President has committed himself—will !
the Republic sustain him? He has so p’eci- i
pitirted matters that the question-j
settled, lie has thrown dow n the gauntlet,
I and it has been taken up; be has jeopardised I
; the American claim, and flung to the winds !
i the “wise and masterly inactivity” which Mr. I
I Calhoun, with a far-seeing sagacity, recom-1
mended as the best policy for the United i
States to pursue. Back out he cannot,with- j
out personal compromise, for he lias shown '
his cards to his opponent, who will work the j
game accordingly. It is well understood on j
this side of the water—it is still better kn ( ovvn !
■ at Washington, that the British Cabinet have
come to the conclusion that the present is the i
time for bringing this matter to an issue. To
let it slip would prove them as arrant bun-
! glers as their antagonists. Diplomacy, like
the chess-board, consists in a series ot suc-
! cessful moves, and a skilful player can hardly.
'be blamed for check-mating his rival. The
affair might have remained in abeyance an- i
) other quarter of a century, as it has done dur
ino-the last half century, and every year
i would have increased the means, on the part
! of America, of a successful retistance—de
’ creasedj in the same ratio, the jiovver of Bri-
I tain to sustain, or take forcible possession of.
! t,] ie Oregon. The tide of emigration., which
! is daily flowing to the West, would have peo
pled it in a few years with the Anglo-Ameri
can race, who would have held their own
against all intruders. These advantages
have been east to the winds; and nothing ap
pears to remain but mutual concession, or
the seitlement of the question by the strongest
arm. Here, again, the evil genius of the
I President confronts him. The temple of
! Janus is closed—we are at peace with the
' world. Our Indian empire is consolidated—
our colonies in China are progressing. The
1 British Exchequer is full to repletion—its
’ navv h in admirable trim. Our r-teameis
: sweep every sea. our means of transporting'
troops, whether from Europe or from Asia', ;
: were never <nore complete—more perfect.— ;
’-There never was a jieri :d in the history of
! ibis country when it was better prepared for ■
j war—n;*ver did a question exist, not on its j
abstract merits, but because of i’s euncom-|
; itant swagger, on which less ' diversity of !
j opinion prevails, and with heart and soul ;
i 'Would the dernier resort be entered upon and I
! pursued.”
I Three new Colleges of a general character
•ire to be established in Ireland.
A war between England and Brazil is look- 1
ed for.
'I hey coiitiiiue to talk of the Queen’s visit !
' to Ireland*.
' The British Government have selected;
; Bantry, near Cork, as an American Steam '
’ Packet station.
A short time since, at Brinsley, an engine’|
ol six horse power was twice stopped and !
much damaged also, by an eel, which was !
found in the bucket ol the cold water pump,
its head through one lid and its tai! through '
the other. “ I
Trane.:.— The exciting topic of the Jesuits;
has accupied tiie attention of the Chamber of I
Deputies. It originated with M. Thiers, who i
j described the vicissitudes the order of Jesuits .
had experienced since its foundation; the con- i
; demnatiou in France io t.he 18th ceiitury,and
those which had induced the Pope to pro
. nomice the dissolution of a community that l
l Frederick the Great alone, in all Europg.did !
i not consider dangerous.'
; M. 'j’hiers, in concluding, called on the;
j Cabinet to execute the laws, and dissolve a j
; religious congregation which was the sole I
I cause of the divisions that had lately manifes- '
, led themselves in the Catholic community. I
Italy.— The United States frigate Cumber- '
land, Commodore J. Smith, arrived at Genoa !
i on the 30th April.
The publication of tiie Italian translation j
: of Bancrott’s History of the United States has !
| been formally refused, notwithstanding the
efforts of the American Minister, by both the !
civil, and ecclesiastical censure of Turin.
iSu-itzerland.— By the 2d instant, Lucerne i
had suffered all the prisoners made by its j
troops to depart, under tiie stipulations of |
ransom.
The accounts from Switzerland to the 2d!
instant state, that all the prisoners who are na-;
tives oi Lucerne had been released, and the >
only captives remaining, 584 in number, be- !
longed to the canton, 'i’iie Government of!
Berne had sent a delegate to Lucerne to j
make a last attem;4 to induce that canton to
abandon its intention to recall the Jesuits.— ;
The Bernese Envoy was said to be the bear- i
er ot a pressing recommendation to that, es- |
feet from several influential members of the ! ,
corps diplomatique.
India and (Jiiinu.— The overland mail of;
the Ist o! April arrived m London on the 6lh !
ult.
In the Punjaub there is sad confusion, and :
two or three dynasties. The boy-King Dhu- !
leep-Singh rules at Lanore. In the tnoun-1
lam fortress of Janroo, Ghoolaub Singh ;
maintains his supremacy, and the notorious !
Aiibali Khan, of Uabul, is preparing to seize •
Peshawur. Ghoolaub Singh had formed a |
i sort of alliance with the Affgiian leaders, and 1
had entrapped a number of soldiers belonging ;
;to the rigniful sovereign and carried away !
the treasure of which they were the guardi- !
ans. The British government were preparing j
to acsist.iiie troops oi the A ouiig Kmg Dhu-j
; led into the territuriesof the Jakranees, Doorn- i
j kies, and Boogties, lying in the mountainous !
i tracts to the westward of Poodajee, has been j
i successful. He had reduced and brought;
! them to terms. The country is to be given I
! over to the honest tribe of the Murrees, who |
| are disposed strictly to adhere to the British !
■ alliance. Some of the tribes are to be remo
ved to the districts bordering on tiie Indus,
; where they will have lands granted to them
for cultivation.
The affairs of Sawnut Warree have assu
j med a complex aspect, in consequence of the
; Portuguese settlement of Goa becoming
; mixed up with tiie rebellion of the disaffected
in those districts. The revolted chiefs fled
over tiie Goa frontiers. Several applications
were made to the Governor either to surren
der them, or at least to arrest them; but he,
| either from inability or from reliance upon
I the treaties which protect European states in
j their neutrality, declined interfering. A re
ference has been made to Europe on the sub
' ject of the rights of a neutral flag to protect
4.rebels, whom it does not restrain from contin
! uing their hostility by active measures, and it
is expected that the courts of Lisbon and
London will soon send out their ultimalurnou
j the subject.
In the interiorof India tranquillity prevails,
i The Governor-General. Sir Henry ilardinge,
I remains at Calcutta, engaged in forwarding
measures for the improvement ofthe country.
{ The news from China extends to the 10th
; of February, but business was in a state of
i stagnation in consequence oi the Chinese ho
; lidays.
[From the A. O. Jeffersonian Republican.]
MEXICO.
Private letters received here from Mexico
by the British frigate “Eurydice,” state it as a
matter almost of certainty, that before long:
the Mexican government will declare war
against the United States. We have seen j
some of these letters, and they all go to con- <
firm the statements to this effect made in our !
! paper of yesterday. So hostile to this conn-!
I try and to Texas is the tone of public senti- I
-Lh-— MfKierr; —t+rrrt~rt ts —gm crafty' fie- I
I lieved the government must either go to war. j
ior suffer an overthrow by a new revolution.— !
iln this posture of affairs, it wiil prqjiably !
j adopt the alternative involving least peril to !
! its members, trusting to the chances which
! the future may afford to save the republic !
I from the consequences of a conflict with this |
I country. From one of the letters referred;
j to, dated Vera Cruz, May 22, we have been j
; kindly permitted to make the following ex-1
; tract:
I “Captain Elliott and a Commissioner of Tex-;
; as are at this place, waiting for the arrival of :
letters from Mexico, which it is said, will ar- i
rive to-day. They will sail direct for Gal- |
veston in the French brig “La Perouse.”—-;
The “Eurydice” will sail for your port with !
. despatches for the British government. In
addition to the pro ositions made by England
I to both Texas and Mexico, to settle the rela
tions of these countries to each other and to
the United States, in a manner agreeable to
her policy, I am assured there are induce
ments offered of rather a tempting nature. —
They are as follows : —England compromises .
herself with Mexico to pay len millions of;
her national debt, and with Texas she agrees !
to pay the whole of hers, which is computed j
at eight millions. This, if true—and I have j
got it from very good authority—proves that i
England has some very deep laid project with
regard to Texas; one much more important to
her than the advantages she might derive
from the simple determination of Texas to
: remain independent, confirmed by the consent
I'l of Mexico.
i ! *■ L’hose English whospeakofthecontrover-
• ! sy between Mexico and the United States
- ; about Texas, never fail to introduce the
i j question of slavery,and regaid its abolition
i 1 in the little rejmbfic as a consequence which
VO!.. XXII.—NEW SERIESNO. 52.
will speedily tollow the determination on her
part to remain independent. But from what
* can learn, I cannot think that any proposi
lion which England may make, however,
tempting it may be, can now defeat the an
. nexation.
Governor Shannon arrived here yesterday.
i t' 1 will go in the "Anahuac” to New York,
: unless Com. Connor oilers him a man-of-war.
; Coder ordinary circumstances, this would ba
i done; but it is said the Commodore is unwiil
, ing at this tune to weaken the force of his
i command. Mr. Shannon was robbed both
going and coming front Mexico.”
[Fro/n the New Orleans Picayune. June l.j
LATE FROM TEXAS.
By the arrival of the steam ship McKim,
Capt. Phillips, we have Galveston dates to
the 28th and Houston to the 27th May, in
clusive. We give the more important intel
ligence.
The U. S. Squadron has sailed from Gal
veston. The new sloop r>f war St. 'Marys,
reported to be one of the fastest sailers in the
American navy, was despatched on the even
ing ot the 24th May, for Vera Cruz, by Com.
Stockton. The other vessels comprising the
, squadron—the Princeton. Saratoga, and brig
Porpoise—sailed on a cruize down the Gulf
: on the 27th, three days alter, and we believe
it is Coin. Stockton’s intention to look in at
( orpus Christi, Li Santiago,and perhaps
I other points on the coast. The Hon. C. A.
Wickliffe, late U. S. Postmaster General,
■ sailed on board the Princeton, and the fleet
i was expected to return to Galveston in the
I course of ten days. The officers expressed
j themselves in the warmest terms of the treat
ment shown them by the citizens of Galves-
i ton, and especially with the grand ball given
them on the evening of the 21st of May. On
the return of the fleet it was said to be Com.
Stockton s intention to give a magnificent ball
on board the Princeton in return for the com
pliment paid himself and officers. No one
who has not visited Galveston, could he be
suddenly transported to such a scene as that
presented at the recent entertainment, would
believe himself in that Texas lie has heard
so much vilified; for there was an elegance
and refinement about it belonging to older
and more favored cities, a grace shown by
the many beautiful women present, not only
as regards dress, but all the accomplishments
which most adorn the sex, that would con
trast favorably with the saloons of Washing
ton or any of our Atlantic towns.
Among the passengers by the McKim were
the gentlemen comprising the party which
left this city for the buffalo grounds two
mouths since, one of the editors of this paper
being of the number. They found buffalo,
deer and antelope in great numbers on the
small streams between the San Gabriel and
Little River, and were highly successful in
their different hunts, especially in chasing
the former animal. Previous to leaving the
range, the buffalo, in countless throngs, were
seen moving south and towards them, con
vincing the older and more experienced fron
tiersmen who accompanied the party that a
numerous body of Indians were hunting the
huge denizens of the prairies; but it was not
until they reached the settlements that they
learned they hud been in the immediate vici
nity of the immense encampment of Caman
ches who have recently pitched their lodges -
on the northern side of Little River. Not
withstanding- these Indians profess the warm
est friendship, and say that they wish to leave
tTiPir ftifn av. wrmc
i they go on their contemplated expedition
; against the Mexicans, the frontier settlers,
! knowing and fearing their treachery,are very
i mistrustful of them, at least in the neighbor
ly hood of Austin. Hays and Coleman, how
i ever, with the well-mounted and daring bor
der rangers under their command, will keep
i a bright look out for the savages.
The McKim brought over despatches from
' Com. Stockton to the Secretary of ;he Navy,
i which will be forwarded to Washington this
i morning.
i The recommendation of President Jones,
■ for electing members of the Convention, meets
I with general favor, save perhaps in the West,
' and it is thought that in that section the peo
! pie will give way and make choice of dele
: gales. The feeling in favor of annexation to"
i the United States grows stronger and strong
' er, and the little opposition that has been man-
I ifested is rapidly dying away.
i The following extract we copy from the
• Houston Star of the 25th May. The editor,
after mentioning a previous rumor that Mex
ican troops were concentrating at San Luis
i Potosi, goes on to say :
■•Within a few days we have received intelli-
I genre from a respectable source that these troops
, have, approached the Rio Grande, and that it.is
I now currently reported in Mexico that they are to
he s ationed east of lh.it river. It is said that the
I Mexican government is determined to take posses
i sion of the country west of the Nueces, and when
the measure of annexation is consummated, she
I will appeal to the, world and declare that as the
! territory west of the Mueces is in possession of her
| troops the claim of Texas to it is void, informa
j tion has recently been received at Corpus Christi
that indicates that Mexico is playing a deep scheme
jof treachery. We are happy to state here that ai
i rangemems have been made to obtain accurate in
' formation of the movements of the Mexican forces,
i ami it is believed that our Government will be pre
pare.! to repel any incursion of Mexican troops into
the disputed territory.”
It may be that Com. Stockton’s visit to
Corpus Christi and that vicinity has some
thing to do with this business. It would bo
I a good joke indeed were the Mexicans to
• throw bodies of troops at different points on
j the Nueces, and so on through New Mexico,
I and when boundaries finally come to be talked
I of to say that she has and holds all the terri
tory as far east as the Nueces. Possession
; is a good deal in an argument, and it might
! be weli for the Texans to send out men t'o
' wards the Rio Grande to look into this busi
ness and dislodge, ali intruders. The thing
I can be easy enough done, and may save much
’ trouble.
The lateness of the hour prevents Our giv
. ing further intelligence. In our next we
! shall lay before our readers additional items
! of general news.
I From, the Columbus Enquirer, June 4.]
IMPORTANT DECISION.
It has been decided by Judge Sturgis during
. the present session of our Court, that when
■ the Charter of a Bank provides that “the bills
■ obligatory and of credit, notes and utlief con
tracts whatsoever on behalf of the said Cor
poration shall be binding and obligatory upon
the said Company : Provided, the same be
signed by the President and counter-signed
by the Cashier of the said Corporation, and
the funds of said Corporation shall in no case
i be held liable for any contract or engage
| ment whatever unless the same be so signed
I and countersigned as aforesaid”—a bill of
| exchanged signed by the President only, does
j not create a contract upon which the Bank
j can be sued—
That such an instrument creating no con
tract and the charter being a public law, the
law implies notice to every taker of the in
j strument, and that, an endorser is liable only
in an action fur the consideration received tor
I the instrument,and not in an action upon it.
i These we understood to be the points decided.
Sturgis will, however, we understand,
i write out hisdecision, and we will publish it
lin full- The decision was made in the ra.«
; of the'Central Bank i ' McDougald