Newspaper Page Text
N, S. MORSE.
ic
SELECT UO(JU >ll. V FOJi «Hi ICE.
As the pople of Georgia will be called
upon in the course o! a couple of months to
elect delegates to th ; State Conventi in, and
after that body adjourns to eject State L t ;i ! >
tors and other officers', we caul' u them tube
on their guard as to the manner in > fah ’ they
pprfOrm this most important and sacred duly.
Our internal peace and local' pro purity will
depend, here ter as here .ofore. raain’y. upon
ourselves ; and to liavo good an l wholp orao
laws we must have pure, patriotic men to make
those laws; and to have dv laws well adminis
tcred, we must liaye good men in office. H <ny
mportant changes will bo : .cessary fur tho
safety of society, and upon tho nr oner in
which the members of the State Convention
discharge their duty, will depend, to a :rreat
extent, our futu r e fer weal or wo' 2 . Itupmt.u t
questions will come befo. .; <’• i.s body which
must be promptly met and acted upon, ques
tions that will require tho wi.-<lom ar.:l ro.re rch
of tho best men we h ive And it in of the first
importance that gentlemen wuo-o views re in
entire accordance with the policy of the admin,
iatration should corripo-e tho body; tor any at
tempt to revive dead 1 - u(v. will b t productive
ol great mischief, and will undoubtedly have
the effect of keeping Georgia out of lire Un
ion, an under military rule for a long lime to
come.
Let the people .'elect men to represent them
in tho convention, legislature and elsewhere,
not for thoir much fpeakiug, or tilentfo rhe
torical or bombastic display, Veit for tbeir plain:
common sonsc and everyday business capa
city. Asa general rule a man who attends well
to his owo business, will be safe to trust in re
sponsible positions; but the visionary sky
rocket who consumes without pr- hieing, will
wreck, the happiness cl any people upon earth,
if allowed free sway.
Many disaffected and even disloyal persons
will aspire to seats in the Convention and
Legislature, but the real loyal men of tie
State must see to it that tb«y are kept out.
And remember above all things that it is not
talking bu 1 working met that we shall need
in tbe public councils. Them is many a mer
chant and hard fisted mechanic who will bet
ter fill such places than those who put on
more pretentions,
Let our coming Convention and Legislature
be composed of sober, honest, loyal men, and
have as few professional politicians in them as
possible Many dangerous agitator*) will try
to creep into these bodies; hut we trust they
are sufficiently well known to tho loyal voters
to prevent success iu a single instance. Asa
goneral thing, plain, well-informed men make
the best legislators in ths world, and we hope
to see a large number of the class iu both
Mi
of tho bodies above spoken of.
———«»«so.—
To bk Regretted. —We notice that sorao of |
the leaders wno took prominent part in the
late struggle, are already evincing their strong
passion after political power; and at this early
day are endeavoring to so shape matters that
they will again have control of the public
affairs. Some of them have become -so bold
as to even write letters in which they advocate
the “imperative necessity” of being allowed to
resume their former stains, in tho political
arena.
This condition of aflaTs is truly to bi ve
gretled. It shows that some of the prominent
men of the South are either determined to
have their own way in settling matters, or they
will still continue to cause the National Gov
ernment trouble. Such acts speak plainer
than words ;interpreted they mean just this—
“ Permit us to mouopolian oflices, and to get our
fill at the public crib as we did in days of
yore, and we will be good citizens ; otherwise
wo will be good or not, just as wo feel in
clined.”
Now thero is one thing we all should remem
ber. The United States Government has been
victorious in the late struggle. And all histo
ry provos that victors, however, lenient they
may feel, are never disposed to put men in
place who have opposed them, until such have
proved their friendship by deeds. Something
more than words has always been demanded
Judging from tho course of the Washington
authorities, something more than words will he
deraandod now.
To those who have heretofore occupied no
prominent position in public atfuirs, and who arc
con tout now to pursue the even tenor of their
way, we say—follow not those who would
again lead you estray from the paths of duty ;
'■—MBS -«Wa—
q-n Shenandoah . — It appears that this craft
ts still o,* oatilJ S havoc and devastation among
American >ippiug ou ‘he high saa-u Too
latest accounts "-’present < hlt *»w k destroying
our whaler*. In Gonsequenoe of this, insurance
policies o& finch aid difficult to bo
.obtained, even at a high rate of premium.
We learn also, that tho Captain of tho Shen
andoah, when told of the termination of the
war, “affected'’not to believe it, and still
persisted in his unlawful course. The state
ment of an Englishman, whote services wore
attempted to be secured on board the &heuan
doah, presents a very unfavorable pltcuro ol
British neutrality. The way the ship was
transferred, after being built, from one hand
to another, the suspicious manner of her de
parture from Euglish ports, and tho course
pursued afterwards to fit her with I# r aim a
ment all clearly prove, if not the diioet com
plicity of the British Government in the trans
action, at least a tacit acquiescence iu it. Our
Trans Atlantic friends are shrewd at diplomacy,
*ud at making “the case appear tho better
reason,” but they will GuJ it and ilicult to recon
cile their conduct iu the affair of the Shenan
doah with strict propriety and the rules of in
ternational comity.
And then, how long a time must elapse be
fore the commander of tiro Shenandoah can
be brought to believe that the %var has really
ended in this country ? Probably he will con
tinue his disbelief a? long as he cm make it
as profitable as he is now doing ; or. until he
is forcibly and disagreeably reminded of the
fact by a few telling allots from some of our
naval cruisers. This latter style of finish to
her career will most likely bs the real one,
as some of the United States men of war ave
now engaged looking after the temporal iater
pst of the craft aad her crew,
mktrnn ftl & '
Whovo DtciDEULT. —We notice some of the
anti administration press in this Stale are c-ith« r
continually grumbling and faft’t finding Be
cause Gov. Johw.cn '.'ill not do thin?* wb •>
will tend to bring the civil into cov.fi. :l wuh
the military power ; or are endeavoring
to create dissatisfaction in the minds of the
people of Georgia, by fa >rping about tho acts
of other Provisional Governors —acts wa.cfa 5,1
the end wi'd injure the Slates over which said
Governor preside.
We believe that most of the Provisional Gov
ernors have taken too much responiibnifv
upon themselves, and have exe'Ct-ed too much
power. The military is supreme in eveiy fcouth
ern Sfesle, and will remain supreme until iLe
Slates adjust their internal afftirs accepia
bTa to Congress Then, and net till then will
the military be removed. „Ar.y deed of a Pro
visional Governor which encourages the people
to como into collision with the supreme power
is wrong.
The unti-administration press arc trying to
piejiidin.- the peopie’against Gov. Johnson, bo
causo he will not do something to keep up an
unhealthy and injudicious excitement in tbe
community. We trust the Governor will not
allow himself to be deceived into committing
any act that will create a disturbance between
tho civil and tho military. The crusty grum
blers haveno influence outside of their disor
ganiging cliques. One reason why they desire
things to go wrong, is because they think they
can by tome hock or creek regain their waning
power. The people are losing confidence in
ilum and their doctrines, and unless something
out of the ordinary course occurs, by-and-ly
“Othello’s occupation will be gone.’ 7 Peace
is death to thorn and their nef-cious calling
Hence their great efforts in an underhanded
way to keep up opposition to the government
and go vein men t (tfi lals.
Let the psop’e pay no heed to their covert
incendiary appeals and demagoguical teachings.
Both, i. followed, can result in nothing but
harm.
liro Statu of Affairs in Noutu East Geor
gia—We regret to learn from our excharges
that (herd is a very bad-state of affairs
existing In North Erst Geotgia. If all
reports arc (rue, the condition of things, is a lit
tle worse than anarchy itself.
The Editor of the Athens Banner slates that
a gentleman recently returned from a visit to
Habersham county informs him that while
there he learned, from creditable persons, that
a bad stale of affairs prevails particularly
in Union and counties. lUhbery,
bushwhacking, etc., seem to he the order of
the day. It is veil known that, during the
late struiglo the population in that section
were divided in sentiment, and formed them
selves into clans, somewhat after the (Sottish
style. The feelings engendered during the
war did not subside with it, and their perni
cious effects are now being felt.
fho 11.*.ti1,. I' ii.fo'n,;:rjt leamtff that there
are some sort of military companies each in
Union and Towns counties. A prominent Colo
nel in tho late Confederate army visi
ted his home in Union county ahd‘returned to
Athene, without molestation. White theie,
however, he was advised that it would be dan
gerous for him to remain. Tbo Towns county
company censured ihe Union county men for
not killing or arresting him, and threatened Io
arrest and punish them for their neglect. The
Union men replied that theyvwouid be at acer- f
tain placo on a certain day, when tho Towns
men would have an opportunity of arresting
them. It was generally believed that a pitch
ed battle would be fougtit that dsy. No in
telligence of the result has been received.
We also learn that several citizens have re
moved their families lower down in conse
quence of the existing lawlessness.
Tits Savannah & Gulf Railroad. —This mail
is about tvo hundred miles in length, running
from Savannah to Thomasville. The damage
done it by the operations of troops under the
-command of Gen. Sherman, ia more extensive
perhaps, than the public have been led to
suppose. The work of destruction was com
menced at the Little Ogeechee river, and was
thoroughly executed to the Alt vuriha river—n
distance of thirty six miles, including ail the
bridges and tvesUework. The rails are eo
twisted and belli that but few of (hem can be
used iti re-laying the road. A Rirge force is
now employed in rebuilding the road, and it
ia expected that it win be completed and in
running order in ninety days.
Running, us it does, through one of tho
finest cotton regions in the South, and much of
this article awaiting traffimortation iu ail the
large and pcpulous. counties through which it
passes, its early completion is look ad for with
anxiety and impatience.
At.oxo tub Link of Georgia Railroad.—The
eid or of the Atlanta Era has been making a trip
along ilie line of tho Georgia Railroad. He
finds the corn corps locking very prptrisirg.
The earlier corn, however, was too much
scorched prior to the recent rain to admit of
first rate crops, but tho late corn b;i3 been
greatly benefited by the rains and now prom
ise finely.
The wheat crop was almost a fairer e. Many
farmers did not. realize as much as they sowed
The fruit crop was never better, peaches ore
abundant and very fine, while the water
melons are a dragoon the hands of rais
ers.
New York University asrkcal college .
The winier session of 1365-06 of this excellent
institution opens ou Monday, October lti, and
will be continued till the Ist of March. This
old and well established Medical College pre •
scuts great inducements to young men design
ing to enter upon a course in the study of med
icine. Drs. Paine, Draper, Pest, Van Baren
and other distinguished professional men are
among the faculty. Letters of inquiry may be
addressed to Professor Draper. President of
Faculty, at 107 East Fourteenth street, N. Y.
City.
A Motemxt. — We learn that the
Baptists of this State arc moving in the matter
s os building a Female College in the city of
Atlanta, which po'r.t they have selected on
! account of its centrality aud salubrity. The
i Presidency of the college will doubtless be
tendered to Rev. W. T. Brassily, D, D. whose
eminent abilities and fervent piety amply
qualify him to adorn that position.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING. AUGUST 2 4, 1865.
The Cevtual Railroad.—’ The Savannah
lit raid publishes a very interesting sketch of
i original projection and building of the
centra! Railroad. It also gives and account of
the present condition and affairs cf the road,
j Here it is :
I Tbe Central Road, with its branches, was in
i complete running order and cpeiation on the
Kta of November, 1664. It was on the 20 h
ot the same month that Gen. Sherman, with
h : formidable a.'iny,_ initiated that brilliant
out terrible campaign, so pregnant with
navoc o the roads of Georgia and South Cato-
The worn. of destruction commenced
•near Macon, and extended to within a few
miles of this city, where he arrived on the 5.h
of D *cembt r. Os the main line between Savan
na ii and Macon, a distance of one hundred and
ninety miles.one hundred and ihirty miles of
the tiack, and all tbe bridges of importance
were tffectually destroyed. The rails were
heated, bent and twicted, rendering the major
portion cf tin m useless. A lout seven miles of
the branch Item Gordon to Eatonton, thirty—
eight miles in length, was destroyed in like
manner Ten miles of the branch from Mil
ica to Augusta shared a similar fate, including
the dost action of one’ important bridge. Ail
tho station houses on the main line and
branches oyer which Gen. Sherman passed,
with three exceptions, pnJ all the water stations
' were destroyed.
The woik of repair was begun at Macon,
and on the Augusta branch immediately after
I he Bsappcaranca of the army, and the road
to Milled"/die, thirty-eight miles, was iu
successful operation about, toe loth of January
hist.; the work thence to Eatonton was prose
cuted, with great vigor to completion in July
The work ot re pans on the Augusta branch
bad progress.d to a point about forty-six miles
from Augusta early m February, when by au
thority otan order from the Rebel Govern
mint the work was suspend ad, and the rails,
chairs, spikes, etc., were removed by said au
thcrity to and used for relaying the Georgia
Rail rend between Augusta and Atlanta and
on tire Washington branch of aaid road.
The estimated value of the road in its pres
ent condition, wth its buildings, machinery,
&s., is $8,500,000, and the good assetts $1,800,-
000 which can be made available for rebuild
ing the read. The amount necessary for that
purpose is estimated at about SI,OOO 000. •
We Lave been informed by the acting Presi
dent, that forty miles of the road will be com
Dieted in three or lour weeks; aud that tho
entire- road will be placed in complete naming
order from Savannah to Augusta, by the mid
die of November next. 'lhe President aud,
Board of Directors, who appreciate the impor
tance of th'-’, road ret only as connected with
t ho great c< minerpial interests of this State, but
of the whole country, are leaving po stone un
turned to effect its curliest completion.
The Herald st-tles that the road wiH be fin
ished to a point forty-five miles from that city
this week. It also cays a line of stages will be
placed on'the route from tbe forty-five mile
point to Wuynestrbro, to connect with the rail
road leading to this city, This arrangement
for the transportation of travelers and freight
will continue, until the full completion of the
road, which, as before stated, will be in the
mouth of September next.
ALEETEiI FBOM GKNiSR4L SIIKH'HAIV TO
GsiKSitAt, jja vsmv.
The Richmond R public coo'-Jua lUu fol
lowing tetter never nerore published :
Headq’kb, Military 'Division of the 1
Mississippi, in the Filld, J-
Raleigh, N. C , Apiil 27, 1865 )
General Jonliston, Commanding Confederate
Arm fcs' die., Greemborough:
General : i herewith enclose you copies
of lov Pi eld Orders, No. (15, which give Gea.
Scofield lull and ample powers to carry into
effect our convention, and I hope, at your per
snnal interview with G -n. Schofield you eat
isfi. and your mind of bin ability and kind dispo
sition‘toward tho inhabitants of North Caro
lina.
l,i addition to the points made at our in
terview of yesterday, 1 have instructed Gen.
Schofield—to facilitate what you and I and all
good men desire, the return to their homes
of ih<> officers and men composing the army
—to let you have of his stores ten days’ ra
iions l'.n 25.000 men. We have abundance of
provisions at More head city, and if you send
trains hero they may go down with our trains
and iv.tutu to Gieem-borough with the rations
specified. Col. Wright did intend to send his
con si mci ion train up .to-day, but did not get
up his carpenters in Pine.
The train, with square timbers aud carpen
ters, will go up in ihe morning, and I think
by tho morning, of the 29th your trains could
iuu down < n the road and fail iu with ours of
the 30:b. I tan hardly estimate how many
animals, fit for farm purposes, will b “loaned”
to the farmers, but enough, 1 hope, to insure
a crop.
1 can hardly commit myself as to how far
commerce will be free, but I think the cotton
still in the country, and (he crude turpentine,
will make money with which to procure sup
plies. Gen. Schofield, in a few days, will be
able to arrange -all such matters.
I v/L-h you would send the inclosed parcel
to Gen. Wilson, as it contains the Orders (15
and 66, to id instructions to icleaso all tho
prisoners on the conditions of our conven
tion.
Now that the war is over, I am as willing to
disk ray person and reputation, as heretofore,
to heal too wound.j made by tho past war, and
I think my feeling is shared by the whole
army. 1 also think a smiiiar feeling actuates
ihe mass of your army; but’there are some
uuiliinking young men who have no use of e*-
pen-mice, that, unless controlled, may embroil
we ir neighbors. If we are ordered to deal
with them it must be wi ; ,h severity ; but I
ho;.e they will be managed by the people of
tho South. . %
1 am, with respect,
j, Your obedient servant,
William T. Sherman.
Official: Kilmcch Falconer, A. A. G.
Tits Cas'iis—Curious Stasi-:tic3 about New
York • —The population of New lork. in 1(156,
was 1000. Iu 175(1,. o- e hundred years later,
it was 10,381, and in 1856 it was (129.810, a
growth of *wo hundred’ years. In 18(15 the
population is 1 003,25. In 1859 the most cmi
irrants landed in New Yo-k for the period from
IS 17 to 1854, namely 390 000 ; the least land
ed m 18(11, only G 0,529. In 1864, 182.916
landed. The down town wards are declining
in population, beinir given no to business.
The third ward bad 11,900 in 1845 ; now only
0.000 The “bio -dy sixth” still increases. The
city is entitled to 7 state senators, 29 assembly
men, 29 aldermen, 42 ..cauaciifliea. ihe real
es>ate and personal valuation of the city is
5iG05,784:355. Thoraxes laid for 1864 are
$17,246,5uit. The debt of the city is $34,142,-
52G.50. The Central Park is valued at $5,0(10,-
Oi.i). i e coat of maintaining it in 1854 was
87 10 707. The probable real value of all the
city parks is fifty millions dollars. Tue ex
peaduarea of the board of education for 1865
were $2,298 503.08 ; the cost of the police was
$2,124,047 50
Gov Johnson, of Ga —We need not ask the
it'en iou of our readers to the admirable
speech of Gov. Johnson, of Georgia, given on
the first page, admirable in tone, and wise in
Us leadings. President Johnson ia to be con
gratulated upon his fortunate appointment.
With such provisional governors we might
hope something from even a faul y plan of re
construction. And a bad governor wopld
render useless any plan Hartford, Ci . Press,
VISIT TO .'THE U HIS’PLS FILE WORKS.
Location of the Works—English Prophesy vs.
Yankee Ingenuity— The Process of Manufac
ture -Crucibles — Steel—Files— Lkknt of the
Business—Success of th- Enterprise.
[Correspondence of the Advertiser and
Tribune.]
B fic-jf, July 15, 1865.
About 20 miles from For.ton, on the line of
the Boston and Maine Railroad, and a few
miles this side of Lawn nee, in Baliardvale,
which is a part ot the : >wn of uiidover, is
situated a cluster oi industrial bnildings, iu
which is carried on the manufacture of files
under tbe celeb atei Whipple patent. Soffit
y its ago, an American merchant, traveling in.
England, while -.visiting U.r file manufactories
of Sheffield, was told by evt- of the workmen,
that whatever might be dr fin by the wonders
of steam-power, cuttb g ffi-a cou and never be
executed by luacMaeiy. Hi bad not calcula
ied the extent of Yankca ingenuity. The eu
terprisa of cutting yU-s la; machinery is here
carried on to an immense extent, although the
beginning was rather small. A portion of the
buildings now used by the file works, former
ly constituted the BHf&rdvaie Locomotive
Woiks, but the disasters of the year 1850 fell
upon them, the business was topped, and but
little was 'done upon the file until some half a
iiopen jtais ago, when ii>- cuffing was coin
mencect tht.re upon ftiipuijed.scale. This was
not successful, when tp* business was taken
possession of by energetic hands, with enlarged
and ample capital, and the result is a manu
facture of fiies upon a most extensive scale,
and also cf steel, the material of wcikman
slup and other articles connected with the
economy of the establisLitieut.
To commence with the beginning, the first
woik is a I*, tfery, for ihe manufacture of cru
cibks from lumbago and tiny—a new adjunct
of the works, for melting steel and brass. The
crucibles are manufactured for use and sale,
and the demand for them is .constantly in
creasing. There fcayo ah« been recently add
ed a puddling furnace —lor making iion, the
business ot which wiil ba extended—and also
a furnace fer converting iron into blister steel.
The steel works for the manufacture of steel
for flies, and also for sale and so order for
tools and machinery, are quite extensive of
themselves. Among other specimens which
they were turning out, wfum we were present,
was a heavy roller for a draw-bridge, and
such woijiis poneisntjy called for. Steel is
bo'h rolled and hammered. The number of
melting furnaces is 32, each holding lour pois
of steel, weighing 50 tc- 60 pounds to the pot,
and averaging about i< nr tons a day in the
xnanulactuie The ingots are rolled or ham
mered as the service requires, that for files
being rolled fd suit tho sy.e of every brdSelr
aud variety of the manufacture, 'iho bars are
cut by large shears into the required size lor
forgiug. The forging is done in various ways
—part by trip hammer, part by iuuu and some
by rolling mill. Tne eteffi i.: then ready for
annealing, which is done by packing several
hundred dozen info large furnaces, heating
them gradually, keeping ihe air from them ;
after which they are allowed to cool off with
out exposure, iho blank h straightened, and
then ground by unproved machinery, to pre
pare ic for the cutting machine;). These ma
chines are of an infinite variety, cutting every
loroi and description of file in use, from super
fine goad smooth, smooth second cut, bastard
cur, to rough cut, etc forms,
rouiij, tnuao, halt rcacu, na’.r rquave, three
square, flat, mm, Kfiitc, cant, slouing, horse
rasps, aud &R other sorts iu use. The process
of cutting by the multitude of machines for
the various sizes and sorts—to see the plain
piece of steel gradually converted into a rasp
of the finest dr coarsest character—is very
cuiious and interesting. The larg&room, 200
feet long, is fifed with the cutting machines,
each intended for its particular cla33 a aad varie
ty. The steel blank, of ihe size aud shape of
the file which »sto be cut, is placed vertically
in a groove, arid a sharp pointed tool affixed to
a steel hammer, strikes each niche of the. file
separately, with the ‘precision of cloc.kwoik,
the blank changing its position as required,
very slightly of course, turning or lowering in
the groove, at each blow of the hammer. The
nicety and precision of the machinery are
amongst its wonders. The tender baa little
else to do but to w itch the blank, aa it gradu
ally becomes a file, from the comcneuccment to
the conclusion of the work. *
From the cutting factory the files are taken
to a sorting room, examined, and all liable to
defect of any kind thrown out; and the others
are taken to the hardening shop,, where they
are hardened by a peculiar process. They are
first covered with paste, to prevent them from
coming to the air, or being in the least in con
tact with. Ihe lead in the “lead bath” to which
they are subjected. After being cleaned, the
tangs, or handles, are immeised in hot lead to
temper or finish them.
Tht; packing room comes next, where all the
passed files arc taken aud closely examined by
sound, each being handled by an expert, whose
experience enables him to detect any delect or
flaw of steel or manufacture, it such exists
The next test is by drawing a piece of steel
over the face of every file, which is the final
trial of quality. They are then brushed out,
and neatly packed; cased, and labeled, ready
for the ma kefc.
The number of files manufactured at the
Whipple Works at present is about 500 dozen a
day, though the capacity of the works is suffi
cient to turn out 1,000, or oven more, daily.—
Etch day’s work is made up every night, and a
report of ovet v department is sent to the Presi
dent’s office in Boston, at the close of every
day. There are now about GOO persons on the
pay roll of the whole works, some Toys being
employed. Female labor has been introduced
within a few months for the packing depart
ment, and to run small cutting machines. The
amount paid out to Ihe hand3 weekly, is
$5,000.
Each department or remove through which
tho file passes, from the casting of ihe steel
to the final finish for the trade, is separate
and distinct, and ia this has been found much
of the success of the enterprise, as compared
with other similar attempls. There aro many
processes, thus: Manufacture of Ihe steel,
steel- cutting, taugir.g, pointing, annealing,
straightening, grinding, cutting, sorting and
stamping, hardening, testing and packing.
The works hove grown immensely from the
beginning made in the buildings of the Loco
motive Works half a 'dram years ago, and
they now constitute a large-and valuable
series of buildings, almost entirely of brick
and stope, several of them being iron roofed
aud completely fire-proof. There are some
twenty five in all, from the main machine
building, which is three stories high, and is
200 by 40 dimensions ; the main sleet
buiiding, fiai-hed last year, which is 2GO by 77
feet, the engine room in which are three en
gines of 300 horse power, etc.,' etc. There
are besides, long ranges o: coal sheds, and the
company own quite a number of tenement
buildings and boarding houses in the village
for the use of their employes.
At the- commencement of the business of
cutting files by machinery the objection against
the aitiffie appeared to be so determined
among those front whom it was desirable to
have a fair trial of them, that it might be im
possible to surmount it. Like the Shefflsd
artizaD, mentioned at the beginning es this
letter, many people came to the conclusion,
devovo ,— “lt can’t be done.” That is all over
now. The machine cut files have won their
way, and recommened themselves wherever
they have been known, aud their superiority
is acknowledge and. The effect of ttiis is seen in
the vast increase of the Company’s work and
ihe extent of its business They have been
constantly improving upon their patents and
making new inventions connected with them.
Among their files in process of manufacture,
VOL. LXXIV.-—NEW SERIES VOL. XXIV N0?36.
are some ordeiel by Government, ll it, round
and half round, 21 inches long, of a saperb
woikmaaship and finish, which it would be
impossible to obtain by hand manipulation.
The business aitd trade of lie Company is
spread over iho entire country. They have
branches or agencies in New York, Philalel
phia, Brooklyn, Chicago, St. Louis, and other
cities. Their agents in Detroit are Messrs.
James & Son. the well know Iftrdware dealers
of Woodward .avenue. F.
During a late debate in the British Parlia
ment a member suited that in England and
Wales alone there were a million of paupers,
and five hundred thousand mi re on tho verge
o? pauperism. The heavy national debt, and
the h : gh taxes necessary to meet the interest
upon it were assigned as the cause.
The first attempt to colonise tho Western
coast ot Australia is reported io have turned
out a failure, ihe settlement at Camden
Harbcr is to be abandoned as early as possi
ble on account cf the want of fresh waiter and
of tbe coarseness of the pasturage. -
Merle d’ Anbigno, the well known author
of the History of the Reformation, wrote to our
Minister in bwilzeiland a very earnest and
sympathetic loiter concerning the death of Mr
Liu coin.
Four English tourists were dashed to pieces
on tho while attempting to ascend Mount
Cevis^wUzirlund, July 15.
Anew French hue of steamers is to be put
pn between New York and Brest. The voyage
is to be performed iu less than ten days.
There.are 0.. e thousand laborers employed
on the Spaui“h frontier in cutting the tunnel
for tire railway through the Pyrenees.
Vesuvius continues to emit fire from its
principal month. Iu the opinion of competent
persons, however, there appears to be no rea
son to apprehend an imminent complete erup
tion. &
Anew and valuable deposits of guano bus
just been uEcovtic-d on one of the West Ind a
Islands. '
The new oeean steam lino fron Baltimore to
Liverpool will ba ready for operation in Sep
tember. A line is also about to be established
iroßi Baltimore to Havana. .
_ Anew English dictionary, of most exten
sive and comprehensive character, is in course
of preparation under the auspices of the British
Philological Society.
The fouiid'iiiou etono of an institution for
the'“safe accomodation and reformation of
females in a respectable position iu society
addicted to habits of drunkeness,’’ was lftid
at Edinburg, on the 17th, by the Lord Provost.
A fine piece ol carpeting, measuring four
teen feA by twenty, the first of the kmd
manufactured in Austria, ha* just been placed
in the museum cf Vienna. Represents a map
of the railways af central Europe, and wfcs
produced at Prague.
As showing the value of land in tho city of
London, it is noted that a piece ot land, oc
cupying a site of 2500 feet, in Cannon street,
»t the, corner of Swithia’a Lane, was lately
sold for £30,600.
At an usi ize court, in Franc ), a few days
since,* a girl thirteen aud a half years of age
was convicted of arson an€ of an attempt to
poison her master and one of his laborers.
She was ordered to ba confined in the House
of Correction till the completion of her 18th
year.
Count de Beaujeu, who died recently in
the largest' landholder in ihe
provinrfP* He owned eighteen miles of terri
tory aloDg the river near Montreal, and six
teen muon tn-cit into the country.
Anew Arctic expedition is proposed by em
inent BriiLh navigators.
Laird, who built the Alabama, has been re
turned to the 8.-itish Parliament. *
A wealthy old fnan just deceased in Paris,
left 100,000 francs to a young man who* poliie
iy gave up his seat to him one night at the
crowded opera.
The Fee;: dm bn’s Bureau in Mississippi. —The
Tribune’s Washingtonspecial t savs : Avery sat
isfactory statement of the operations of tho
Freedmen's Bureau has been received from
Colonel Thomas, Assistant -Commissioner for
Mississippi The State is divided first, into throe
districts. These districts are sub-divided by
counties, each county being under the charge of
a sub-committee, each of whom is provided with
a complete set of orders, circulars and instruc
tions for his work. The commanders of troops
co-operate-heartily, and contracts have been
registered and sinned by more than 50,000
freedmeu. Men are being arrested daily for
abusing negroes throughout the State. Offi
cers, with small escorts, are constantly trav
eling about, making contracts and settling
difficulties, and scattering general information.
There are colonies of freedmeu at Davis’ Bead,
Davis’ Plantation, Camp Hawley, and De
Soto Landing, near Vicksburg, and the village
of Washington, ru j nr Natchez.
Wood-yards are established on several
islands on the Mississippi, and all those enter
prises furnish profitable employment for the
additional ton thousand colored people con
ducting them. Their crops took well, and the
people are represented as-industrious and in
good condition. Abandoned property in
charge of Treasury Agents has been turned
over to Colonel Thomas, and measures are be
ing taken to secure possession of the same class
of property in parts < f tho Stale recently com
ing within the reach of the agents of the Bu
reau.
Three asylums for destitute orphans ara in.
operation, and two more will be established.
Schools are being opened. If is reported that
the freedmen will support them) with a little
assistance.
Colonel Thomas mentions the total absence
of law, both civil and military, in many parts
of tho State, and a general disposition, on the
part of the old planters to keep their former
slaves under their control without paying
them.
Population and Valuation cv Boston. —
This ciiy and immediate suburbs will show by
the census now being taken a population of
nearly so ir hundred thousand people, thus
making this metropolitan district of Boston
one of the greatest centres of population on
this continent. The valuation of Boston and
suburbs will nearly reach five hundred million*
of dollars (the city alone having $370,000,000).
This vast sum will place Boston as th« richest
city per capita, probably, in tbe world. N.
Yoik has some $700,000,000 valuation; Phila
delphia, $150,000,000, Baltimore SIOO 000,000.
The entire State of Maine has hut $100,000,000
valuation, or only one fourth the part of this
city The Eleventh ward of Boston has near
ly the same population as Portland, Maihe,
and is almost a city iteelr, being in many res
pects a distinct quarter. Since 1850 this ward
his almost sprung into existence — Boston Post.
Kesj-cckt Tobacco Chop.— From reliable in
formation from various sections of Kentucky
it has been ascertained that the growing crop
of tobacco will be far Jess than that of last
year, both in quality and quantity. 1% the
more Southern portions of the State, and in
Tenner-see, what is denominated as Clarksville
Leaf is equally short., the impression prevailing
that the yield will not much exceed half the
usual average. A letter from Todd county,
Kentucky, from an intelligent Obserever, who
is not a tobacco grower or buyer, states the re
sult of hia investigation that under the most
favorable circumstances, a two-thirds crop, as
compared withla-f year, wifi not be made this
year in the whole region. With late planting
and the hazards of early frosts, that estimate is
very liable to tall short.
An c-ffjrt to induce General Grant to recom
mend for pardon numerous Southern general
officers from Virginia, to enable them to par
ticipate in the civil affairs in that State, has
beed unsuccessful.
NEW Sl MHAuY,
It is stated with the aid of proper machinery,
the mines already opened in Nevada vv .'J
yield SIO,OOO pec month, or $120,000,000 per
year.
A fire at Greenpoint, LI, destroyed fifteen
build.rgs and rendered about twenty-five
families homeless. la a bed whieh was
thrown out of cue of the houses was found a
quantity of unfinished counterfeit fifty-cent,
-stamps, with tho plates and dies. • The con: ; •
feits are said to.be well executed, and would,
no doubt, have soon been put in circulation.
Cliambershurg, Pa., is fast rising from i is
aMies. The Court House i./* under roof, three
hotels are nearly completed, ami buildings ..ud
business houses are going up in all directions
Oae of the larges holds in the United
Stales is soon to be erected in Newborn, N U
Since the Ist of April, 1861, 100,000 whE w;;’
claims aud 75.000 invalids’ claim” have been
sent to tho Pension Bureau for payment. Du -
ring the last month there have been 2,259
widows’ claims received, and 80 rejected;
also 1,948 invalids’claims, and 427 ’ejected.
The Examiners’desks are still crowded wit a
applications, which it will take a long time o
examine and adjust.
John G Breckinridge is expected at Montreal,
August 13.
Recruiting of seaman at Baltimore Nava!
Depot has commenced.
A man named Bright, at Leighton. Michigan*'
shot a doctor named Colburn for kissing ids
wife.
Broadway New York and ■iome of the -other
principal streets are now swept by a mac I iae
in the shape of a wagon whh a levolving ff.n,
which takes up ihe dust aud dirt thoroughly.
A citizen of Woonsocket. R. 1., communi
cates to the Boston Journal a statement con
cerning the hours of daily labor in the facto -
ries of that region. Hosays: “Many of the
mills commence la this way—first bell in the
morning at feur and a halt o’clock ; last boil at
5 o’clock, when all hands must bo at work;
ring out at seven o’clock in iho evening. Tho
help then iequire about kali ao hour to get
home, wash aud get supper# They have half
an hour, and in somejjeases three quarters oi an
hour, for bieakfast, and three fourths of an
hour for dinner.” The actual labor and con
finement in the mills is from twelve end a half .
to twelve and three quarters hours. Children of
all ages from ten yeais old and’upward are thus
worked and confined iu some of these mill 3.
The black flag has been actually raiso’ 1 by
contending parties in Mexico
In tho more thickly setled portions of
Texas, matters are getting quiet fast.
There are now in this country from forty so
sixty distinct tribes of Indians, numbering
about 350,000 persons. They are principally
scattered through the Western Territories.
A man in Philadelphia recently lost $32,000
inU. B. bonds by the carelessness or evil de
sign of an employe, who asserts that he found
them iu a packing box (whore it seems the pro
prietor had secretly despo3ited them,) 'and
burned them as “iubbish-’’
William Cleveland has submitted a fies'gn
for ihe proposed vault for President Lincoln’::
remains at Oak Ridge, Springfield, Illinois,
which in all- probability will be adopted
by the Monument Society, The proposed
style of architecture is Gothic, and
the structure is to be built of Joliet mar
ble, highly polished ; the chapel in front
of the cataehmb is bf be eight by ton id
dimension ; the floor ol *ite and blue marble,
alternate squares ; tbe roof of marble, with
heavy m Gil Jed joints ; the walis of the chanel
to ha two feet six inches in thickness ; the
ceiling to h# finished with grained arches.
Mat Saxton, the notorious guerrilla loader,
i3 on trial before a military commission in
session at Memphis.
The use of dummy engines on passenger
railway cars has proved a perfect success in
Chicago.
Thirty Laplanders, dreesedin furs and skins,
accompanied by twenty Swedes, have arrived
at St. Paul, to settle in Minnesota.
Young Starkweather, living near Hartford,
Conn., whose mother and sister were found
horribly mangled by an axe and knife cuts in
various parts of the body, confesses to having
committed the awful murder* as well as setting
the house on fire to conceal the crime.
The theatieai wardrobe of John Wilkes
Booth, which was picked up from the wreck
of tbe schooner Mario Victoria, has been said
at auction in Canada.
Cotton is selling in [-Montgomery, Ala., at
28 to 32 cents per pound.
Colonel A. P. Wetter, iate of the Southern
army, has gone to Germany to make .arrange
ments for a great emigration movement to
southern Georgia. It, is intended to sidl or
lease land to these immigrants at their option.
The ancient Forrest divorce case is abount to
be reproduced before the courts. This time
the plantiff will eud< ro get it before tbe
Supreme Court of the United States.
A patty of men just returned from the Plains
brought with them a ycung buffalo, wbh
which they astonished the deniz-. n3 of St.
Joseph, by diiviug it loose through the slrceis
of that city.
The prize money from about 500 naval cap
tures is announced for distribution at die
Fourth Auditor’s Bureau.
Gen. B F Butler, has given SI,OOO to found
a scholarship in Wat.erville college, from which
institution bo was graduated in 1838.
The New Jersey peach crop promise to be
larger than ever tffis year.
MV. Win. Pest, a westward bound traveled
lately had an apoplectic fit at tho and. got at
Cleveland, and, while insensible, was robbed
of $15,000.
During the brief period that cur armies held
possession ot Louisana, 126 schools, with 230
(ecchc-rs, 15.000 children ia d»y schools, and
5,000 adults in night schools, were established
for the instruction of the colored race.
The General Land Office has prepared a pa
tent in favor of Minnesota for 12,176 acres, an
ewamp lands inured to the State under the act
of Congress of March 12th, 1860, tho lands be
ing situated in Forrest Ciiy District.
A gold operator in Wall street N. Y. named
Mansford, gave out checks for $250 000 which
he received on Saturday from other parties and
on Monday was missing.
Tho Missouri Emigration Board prep •ec to
erect a large number of cheap houses in Bt.
Lonis, for the benefit oi the wergingmen.
Ihe St. Louis grain elevator wiil soon be
completed and in operation. This buildmg is
250 feet long, 85 wide, 128 h ! gh on the land
side and 171 on tho river and contains 103
bins with a capacity of 1,2000,000 bushels. - It
is expected that ~100,000 bushels of gi ain per
day can be uaadled easily. In addition t.»the
ordinary uses of an elevator, arrangements are
in progress by which 10,000 bushels of grain
can be daily sacked for reshipment or other
purposes.
A . quarantine of thirty aa.73 is enforced on
all vessels arriving at Charleston from the West
Indies.
General Beauregard takes his depsrtrrc in a
few days for Europe. It is said that he intends
offering his military services to Louis Napo
leon. The Federal Government permits him
to go, subject to the pledge of never fighting
against, the United States.
The merchants of St. Louis are moving to
bring about a grand congress, tp meet at St.
Louis at an early day. »rom ail
Southern and Western States will be invited-
Difficulties between whites aud colored la
borers are occurring at Shreveport, La.
A Brazil emigration party is organizing at
Ncf'clk, Vs,
Some of the more popular ballads of the war
havs sold immense editions. Os “ Who will
Care for Mother Now,” 491,0000 copies have
been disposed 01, and of “Mother would Com
fort Me,” 227,500.
liaihoad communication between Petersburg,
Ya . and the interior of North Carolma is com
pleted. A great deal of cotton is arriving at
the former place.
NEW (SUMMARY* p
Th. Mshimoir. > Rmclmro mentions the re*"
c s pt<u ibid city of immense' mechmery for a
v ryexrt sire cotton factory 1 to go up in the
int h* of v -Leo Th?y have the best water
power, ah ' the cotton ra's and in Mexico is on*
1- run c 1 by -.V Boa island, .but there ia
00 toe F seffic ;lor.a Buie land which will raise
c-.iiou, on: v; ; f rains or irrigation, while
h.'.nds. «Y. ;-;.e , mage,can seldom be relia
b'v o- i-i'-jiiage, tho essence of which
>.c ':■■■ is ; rosfait tig a man to work cut advan
ces so -b> and bk family for their support in
Co’ hr ; . uc: his labor te be given, is not
.mu h of a dependence ia a country where a
m .-•) can o easily uia away, and requires bo
ltttie i r h:s sustenance.
The first at: o i; tto colonize the Western
c: t : fAusiraU reported to have turned
out a fa:lure. The settlement at Camden Har
r tc !;:• abandoned as early as' possible on
hoc.'. 1 of the want of fre«h water and of the
C(Kore:.a-8 of ihe pasturage. • The same paper
wh ich g' : ves ibis is fee malior, the South Aua
ralian Register, adds another melancholy
chapter Jo tho account :of Australian explora
tio: 1 - Th:' three leaders of the last expedition
Ranter, Harding and Goidwyer) have
nr.r i .-red by the aborigines. They
werWolltivP':: ar--at numbers of the natives,
who speared tbm through and pinned them
io tbe ground Rising in spite of their wounds,
r: y killed fdietm of their foes, but were over
c u> 3 at-last, and they and their hoYses werot
kivcd with clubs. The information is accep
ted 1.0 genuine by tbo authorities.
A brother of Charier Dickens, residing ia
Chicago, bad throe children bom to him a
week ago. lE h wife gave him the Dickens
that time certain.
The gpid and silver coinage at the San Fran
cisco mint during the last fiscal year amounted
to nineteen millions of dollars. *
llcv. Mr. Woodbridgo, rector of Monumental
Church, Richmond, lias been airested. Sonia
weeks since ho wrote a private - letter to a
friend in the North, giving it as his opinion
I bat tbo two pec pie, though the war was
oyer, con’d never live together in friendship
and peacq. The friend forwarded the letter to
the comminandant of the post at Richmond,
and Mr Wood bridge was arrested.
Too Baltimore aDpointments were finally set
tled by a compromise, the Winter Davis men
g-I ting five end the Swan party four of the
contested places.
There lv 0 now four direct lines of communi
cation between Richmond with the North ia
aciive operation.
The Corenv sinner of Internal Revenue has
dicidt-a that a Biblical mop is not a 4 ‘religious
tract,” within the meaning of the law, and per
s:>r;:: peddling the b.m-e must have a peddler’s
Reense. Pump logs, bored for ueo a3 water
pipes, are not taxable manufactures. Interest
paid to'depositors bv Savings Banks is consul
ci od a dividend, within the meaning of sec
tion 120 of the law, and the tax of five per
cent, should bo withheld therefrom and paid
to Government. An “undertaking on clam of
a third party,” under New York statute, is a
oint, agreement, and is subjoeif to a stamp
duty oi live per cent.
G on. Palm or the commander in Kentucky,
thinks there arc only about sixty-one thousand
slaves now in ihat Ft ate.
'Quite a number of tne negrers onfSt. Helena
Island, Carolina coast, have Government guns
in their hands, ao.-i are organizing into squads
for sdlf-p. Qt lion. *
The (E vorhos of Wisconsin, lias filed in the
General Land Office a map of the line the routs
“ot the Chifcago & Northwestern Railroad, .au
t borlze l by re • • '-utiou of Congress and approved
April 25*h. 18C2 As oriffinaliy located the
road ran in a Northwesterly direction, from the
town of App . ton on Fox river to tho State line
between Wiscon-fin and Minnesota. Aa chang
ed, the road follows along the river to its
mouth, to Green B :y, therr-sp ihe shore of the
lake, striking tire btate line near the mouth of
Menomonee river.
;he work of defending tho leading North
ern harbors still progresses.
The Houston Texas Teilegraph says whisky
sellers bave to pay. dearly for the privilege of
furnishing cur people with their bitters. The
State license costs two hundred and fifty dol
lars The county another Who hundred and
fifty dollars yearly. Then comes the military
tax oi one hundred monthly, making twelve
hundred dollars more, and the whole amount
ing io ihe snug little sum of eighteen hundred
and fifty dollars annually.
Rati -’ey trains in Virginia run at the rate of
twelve miles an homtpcly.
Ana r sire lire occurred iu Toronto, G. W
on the 7th inst' L'oeb's3o,ooo.
Gen. Hilroy is in New York city. He is
new out of sf-rviee.
There is no truth in the rumor that John
Mitchell has been released aud has gone to
California.
New York Ciiy is thronged with Southern
ers.
Twenty-two past offices were ro opened in
the Southern States in the week ending Aug
gest 5'
The eleventh National Horse Show will be
held at BpringfieM, 111., for six days, commence
ing August 21 u and ending with the 2Gtb.
The official figures show that of the 209,900
persons em'grated from the United Kingdom
•*«! year, there vent <0 the United States 147*.
042; Cf n'ral and South America, 2,963; Canada
11,759; New Biunev/ick. 396; Nova Scotia and
Capo Brct-'-n. 433; Tuploria, 13.909; Queens
land, 1783; Now Zealand, 11,970.
The National Era, which suspended publi
catioa at Washington about five years ago, is
out to ba revived, and will advocate negro
suffrage.
Toe S crci iry cf the Treasury has decided
that aU bonds, treasury notes, and other obli
ge.! I'.ns of tho United States are exempt from
tax'V.i. n undt r shite or municipal authority.
Ibe Unit-id Stues Treasury has a sufficient
cm-.nnt of funds in the vaults to pay every
dollar of indebtedness to the army.
A mill: >ry commission convened at iho
old c -pDi prison on tire Bth inst, for the trial
of par ties confined there charged with politi
cal cif wuh the view of accelerating the
clear; g c-uo of that institution.
A large number of valuable United States
steam:vs wiil l cold at the Washington Navy
Yard on the 19th inst.
Junius P rksr, E-q.," has been appointed
Collector of Customs for the District of Wil
mingt n, N. O.
At .ham Lincoln rad Jefferson Davis wgre
born in 'the game Congressional district “of
Ken ;eky, --i v?i; bin ihe s uno twelvemonth g
T : • York State Fait this year is to be
hr/ .1 A ULei. Hqit. 12.1i, 13:b, 14ih and 15th.
The IE 7 York Commercial says General
Butler.w.-.s unable to obtain an interview with
the P"" ’- ■■ Ho went to Washington to
proem e ihe accept -.cco cf his resignation or
cLe his a--'g' intnt to active duty in the ne
giolit", th- only c partment now ope** to
ftinbiiion. Ho : s now on way to Baratoga,
wherj. he will raf-ka a speech and his ideas of
how tLishould be managed generally.
The vigilance committee in Walla Walla,
j Washington Territory stiil continue their epe
■ rations.
S A horrihlo ctime has been committed in the
! Mexican Gulf, on board the ship Hydea
! bc-nud to-La P.;z, with several lamililes from
J M:-z :tinn 03 passengers. A French sailor
.na ied M-:gue, togeieer with a Greek and an
Italian, made an attack upon the passengers
and in;*->d in cold bipod eighteen per
sons, r.mii.g them Sc nor Chao, a Spanish gen
tleman, ami ;-x in-rubers of his family.
E ga ton ycung < biidren of both sexes all fell
victims to tin knivea of the monsters. At the
las’test dates they had not yet been apprehend
ed. ,
Th* q-i . lty of a’e and beer manufactured
in Chicago fiomth. Ist of October, 1864, to
'the it of August 1865, ten months, was. 138,-
1 178 barrels, which, at the same rate. (_would
i give 165,804 barieia lor a year.