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rector itio\.
Testimony or Alexander H. Stephen; Before
the Keron-trurtion Committee.
Tbe testimony reported yesterday from the
CommnUe on Reconstruction embraces the
examination of a dozen witnesses, relating to
the condition of Arkansas. Mississippi, Ala
f'arna ami Georgia. It is conflicting in its
character in respect to all the States except the
former, about which all the witnesses so far
examined agree in testifying favorably. Tbe
following Is the testimony relating to Georgia:
Alexander H. Stephens sworn and examined:
By Mr. Boutwell :
Q. Ktate your residence.
A Crawiordville, Georgia.
Q. What means have you had since Lee's
surrender to ascertain the sentiments of the
people of Georgia with regard to the Union '
A. I was at home in Georgia at the time ot
tire surrender of General Lee, an 1 remained
there until the Uth of May, and during that
time conferred very freely with the people in
my immediate neighborhood, with the Gover
nor cl the htate, and one or two other leading
or prominent men in tbeKtate. From the 11th
ol May until my return to Georgia, which was
the 25th of October, I had no means of know
ing anything of the public sentiment there,
except through the public press and such letters
as I received. From the time of my return un
til I left the State on my present visit here, I
had very extensive intercourse with the peo
ple, visiting Augusta, visiting Milledgeville
during the session of the Legislature, first on
their assembling, again in January upon their
reassembling, and again in the latter part of
February. While there I conversed very freely
and lolly with all the prominent leading men,
or most of them, in the Legislature, and met a
great many of the promiucnt, influential men
of the Staws not connected with the Legisla
ture; and by letters from and correspondence
with men in the State whom I have not met, I
believe that embraces a full auswer to the
question as to my ineanß of ascertaining the
sentiments of the people of that State npon the
subject stated in the question.
Q. As to the result of yoor observations,
wnat is your opinion of the purpose of tbe peo
ple with reference to the reconstruction of the
Government, and what are their desires and
purposes concerning the maintenance of the
Government ?
A. My opinion, and decided opinion, is that
an overwhelming majority of the people oi
Georgia are exceedingly anxious for tbe resto
ration ol tbe Government, and lor the State to
take her fotiner position in the Union, to have
her Senators and Representatives admitted into
Congress, anil to enjoy all her rights and to
diHcnarge all her obligations as a State under
the Constitution of the United States as it
stands amended.
Q. What are their present views concerning
the justice of the rebellion ? Do they at pres
ent believe that it was a reasonable and proper
undertaking, or otherwise ?
A. Aly opinion ol the sentiment of tho peo
ple of Georgia upon that subject is, that tho
exorcise of tho light of secession was resorted
to by them from a desire to render their liber
ties and institutions more secure, and a belief
on their part that this was absolutely necessa
ry for that object. They wore divided upon
the question of tho policy of tho measure; there
was, however, but very little division among
them upon the question of tho right ot it. It
is now their belief, in my opinion—and I give
it merely as an opinion—that the surest, if not
the only hope for their liberties is the restora
tion of the Constitution of the United States
autl of the Government of the United States
under the Constitution.
Q. lias thero been any change of opinion
as to tiie right of secession, as a right in the
people or in the States?
A. 1 think there has been a very decided
change of opiniou, as to the policy, by those
who lavored it. I think the people generally
are satisfied sufficiently with the experiment,
never to resort to that measure of redress
again, by force, whatever may be their own
abstract ideas upon that subject. They have
given up all idea of a maintenance of these
opinions by a resort to force. They have come
to tne conclusion that it is better to appeal to
the forums ot reason and justice, to the halls of
legislation aud tile courts, lor the preservation
ol the principles of constitutional liberty, than
to the arena of arms. It is my settled convic
tion that there is not any idea cherished at all
in tho public mind of Georgia, of ever resorting
again to secession, or lo the exercise of the
right ot secession by iorce. The whole policy
of the maintenance of their rights, in my opin
ion, is at this time totally abandoned.
<1 But the opinion as to tho right, as I uu
deistauil, remains substantially the same?
A. I canuot answer as to that. Some may
have changed their opinion in this respect. It
would be an unusual thing, as well as a difficult
matter, for a whole people lo change their
convictions upon abstract truths or principles.
1 have not heard this view of the subjectide
bated or discussed recently, and 1 wish to be
understood as giving my opinions only on that
branch of the subject which is of practical
character abd importance.
Q. To what do you attribute tbe change of
opinion as to the propriety of attempting to
maintain their views by force ?
A. Well, sir, my opinion about that—my in
dividual opiniou, derived from observation—is
that this change ot opinion arose mainly from
the operation of tho war amoug themselves,
and the nsuits of tho conflict, from their own
authorities, on their own individual rights of
poison and property —the general breaking
down of constitutional barriers which usually
attend all protracted wars.
Q. In 1801, when the ordinance of seces
sion was adopted in your State, to what ex
tent was it supported by the people ?
A. After the the proclamation of President
Lincoln calling out 75,000 militia, under the
circumstances it was issued, auji blockading
the Southern ports, nud the suspension of tho
writ of habeas corpus, the Southern cause, as
it was termed, received the almost uuauimous
support of tho people of Georg a. Before
that - they were very much divided on the
question of the policy of secession, but after
ward they supported tho cause, within the
range of my knowledge, with very few excep
tion, (there were some tew exceptions, not ex
ceeding half a dozsu, 1 think.) The impres
sion tlieu prevailing was, that public libe ty
was endangered, and they snpported the cause
because of their zeal for constitutional rights.
They still ddlered very much as to the ulti
mate object to be attained, aud the means to
be used, but these differences yielded to the
emergency of the apprehended common dan
ger.
Q. Was not the ordinance of secession
adopted in Georgia earlier in date than the
proclamation for 75,000 volunteers ?
A. Yes, sit. 1 stated that the people were
very much divided ou the question ot the or
dinance of secession, but that after tho proc
lamation the people became almost unanimous
in their support of the cauie. There were
some few exception iu the State—l think not
more th in half a dozen among my acquain
tances. As l said, while they were thus almost
unanimous in support of the cause, they differ
ed also us to the end to be attained by sus
taining it. Some looked to an adjustment or
settlement of the controversy upon any basis
that would secure their constitutional rights ;
other* looked to a Southern separate national
ity as their only object aud hope. These dif
ferent views as to the ultimate objects did uot
interfere with the general active support of the
cause.
Q. \V is there a popular vote upon the or-,
dinance of seeees.ou T
A. Only so lar as in the election of dele
gates to the convention.
0. There was no subsequent action ?
A. X'o, sir ; the ordinauceol secession was
not submitted to a popular vote afterwards.
(J. Have you any opiuion as to the vote it
would have received, us compared with the
wnole, if it had been submstted to the free ac
tion of the people f
Witness. Do you mean alter it was adopted
by the convention ?
Mr. Boutwell. Yes, after it was'adopted by
the convention, if it had been submitted forth
with, or withiu a reasonable time.
A. Taking the then state of things into
consideration, South Carolina. Florida, aud
Mierissippi, 1 thiuk, having seceded, my opiu
ion is that a majority of the people would have
ratified it. and perhaps a decided or large ma
jority. If, however, South Carolina aud the
other States had not adopted their ordinances
ol secession, lam very well satisfied that a
majority ot the people of Georgia, and per
haps a very decided majority, would have been
against secession if the oruiuauce had been
submitted to them. But as matters stood at
the time, it the ordinance had been submitted
to a popular vote of the State, it would have
been sustained. That is my opinion about
that matter.
Q. \\ hat was the date of the Georgia or
dinance ?
A. The 18th or 19th : I think the 19 jf of
January, IStil, though 1 am not certain.
Q the question of secession was involved
in the election of delegates to that convention,
was it not ?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Aud was there on the part of candidates
a pretty general avowal ot opinions ?
A. Very general.
y. What was the result of the election as
far as the convention expressed any opinion
upon the question of secession ?
A. 1 think the majority was about thirty in
the convention in favor ot secession. Ido not
recollect the exact vote.
Q. In a convention of how many ?
A.' In aCon .-n ion base upon th number of
Senators and member-of the House in the
General Ass* rnbly of the State. The exact
number Id > not recol! ct, but I thick it was
near three hundred, perhaps a few over or
under.
Q. Was there any d(T rent parts of the
State in tbe strength of Union sentiment at
that time ?
A. In some of the mountain counties tbe
Union senti me at was generally prevalent The
cities, towns, and villages were generally for
secession throughout the State, ,1 think, with
snme exceptions. Tbe anti-secession senti
ment was morjj general in the rural districts
and in the mountain portions of the State ;
yet the people of seme ot the upper couatie
were very active and decided secessionists 1
There wag nothing like a sectional division of
the .State at all. For instances, the delegation
from Floyd county, in which the city of P»ome
is situated, in tbe upper portion ot the State,
was r-.n ab.e me, strong for secession, woile
* the cmn y of J -fferson. down in the inferior
of the cotton belt, sent on" of the most promi
neni delegations for the Union. I could de
signate other particular counties in that way
through ;ut t htate, showing that there was
not what might be termed a sectional or geo
graphical division of the Btat )on the question.
Q. In what particular did the people be
live their cocssitut'onal liberties were assailed
or endangered from the Union ? ,
A. Mainly, I would say, in their internal
social polity and their apprehension from the
general consolidating tendencies of the doc
trines and principles of that political party
which had recently succet del in the choice of
a President and Vice President of the United
States It was the serious apprehension that
if the Republican organ'zrtion, as then consti
tuted, wouid succeed to power, it would lead
ultimately to a virtual subversion of the Con
stitutipn of the United States,.and all essential
guaranties of public liberty. 1 think that was
tne sincere and honest conviction in tbe minds
o; our people. Those who opposed secession
did not apprehend that any such result would
necessarily follow tho elections which had
taken place ; they still thought that all their
rignts might be maintained in tbe Union and
under the Constitution, especially as Ihere
wore majorities in both Houses of Congress
who agreed with ibcin on Constitutional ques
tions.
Q. To what feature of their internal social
polity did they apprehend danger ?
A. Principally the subordination of the
African race as it existed under their laws and
institutions.
(j. In what spirit is tbe emancipation of
slaves received by tbu people ?
A. Generally it is acquiesced in and ac
ceptud, I think, iu perfect good faith, and with
a disposition to do the best that can be done
iu the new order oi thmgs iu this particular.
Q. What at present are the relations sub
sisting between the white people and black
people, especially in ihe relation of employers
and employed ?
A. Quito as good, I think, as in any part of
the world that ever I have been in, between
like classes of employers aud employees. The
conduct of things, in this respect, on my return
last fall, was very different front what it was
when I left home for my present visit to this
city. During tho fall, and up to the close oi
the year, there was a general opinion prevail
ing among the colored people that at Christmas
there would be a division of the lands, and a
general indisposition on their part to make any
contracts at all for the present year. Indeed,
there were very tew contracts, I thiuk, made
throughout the State untill aiter Christmas, or
about the Ist of January. General Tillson,
who is at the head of tho Bureau in the Ktate,
and whose administration has given very
general satisf«ction t« our people, I think, wis
very active in disabusing the minds of the
colored people from their error in this particu
lar. He visited quite a number of places in
the State, and addressed largo audiences] of
colored people, and when they became satis
fied they were laboring uuder a mistake in an
ticipating a division of lauds after Christmas
aud tho Ist of January, they made contracts
very readily generally, and since that time
affairs have, in the main, movod on quite
smoothly arid quietly.
Q. Are the negroes generally at woik ?
A. Tea, air; they are generally at work.
There are some idlers; but this class constitute
but a small proportion.
Q. What, upon the whole, has been their
conduct ? Proper under the circumstances in
they have been placed, or otherwise ?
A. Asa whole, much better than the most
hopeful looked for.
Q. As far as you know, what are tho leading
objects aud desires ot the negro population at
the present time in reference to themsolvee ?
A. It is to be protected in their rights of
persons and of property--to bo dealt by (airly
and justly.
Q What, if anything, has been done by the
Legislature of your Ktate for the accomplish
ment of these objects ?
A. The Legislature has passed an act, of
which the following is a copy:
•‘[No. 90]
“An act to define the term ‘persons of color,’
and to declare the rights of such persons.
“Sec. 1. Be it enacted, Sc., That all negroes,
mulattoes, necessary, mestizoes, and their rjp
sceudants, having one-eighth negro or African
blood in their veins, shall be known in this
State as perspns of color.’’
Sec. 2. Be it further enacted, That persons
of co'or shall have the right to make aud en
force contracts, to sue, he sued, to be parties
and give evidence, to inherit, to purchase, and
to have full and equal benefit of all Taws and
proceedings for the security of person and
estate, and shall not be subjected to any other
or different punishment, pain, or penalty for
the commission of any act or offence than such
as are prescribed for white persons committing
lik i acts or offences.”
The third section of this act simply repeals
ait conflicting laws It was approved by the
Governor on the 17 th of March last.
Q. Does this act express the opinions of the
people, and will it be sustained ?
A I think it will be sustained by the courts
as well as by he public sentiment. It was
passed by the present Legislature. As an evi
dence of the tono of the Legislatuie of the
State,a* wetlas that of tho people of the State
upon this subject, I will refer you sinply to a
letter I wrote to Senator Stewart upou the
same subject. I submit to you a copy ot that
letter. It is as follows.
Washington, D. C., April 4, ISG6.
Dear Sir: In answer to your inquiries touch
ing the sentiments aud teelings of th people of
Georgia towards the freedmen, and the legal
status of this class of population iu the State,
&c , allow me briefly to say, that the address
delivered by me on the 221 of February last
before the Legislature (a copy of which 1 here
with hand you) expresses very fully and clear
ly my own opinions aud feelings upon the
subject of your inquiry. This address was
written and printed as you now see it, before
its delivery. It was delivered verbatim as you
now read it, that there might be no mistake
about it. It was as it now stands uuauimously
endorsed by the Senate in a joint resolution,
which was concurred in by the House without
dissent,, and was ordered to be spread upon
the journals ot both Houses. This I refer you
to as a better and more reliable index the
feelings aud views of the people of the state
on this subject than any bare individual
opinion I might entertain or express. The
Legislature of the State, it is to be presumed,
is as correct an expose of the general feelings
and views of the State upon any political ques
tion as auy that can be obtained from a any
quarter, lu addition to this, the Legislature
subsequently evinced their principles by their
works in passing an act, which I also enclose
to you. This act speaks for itself. It is short,
concise, pointed, as well as comprehensive.
It secures to the colored race the right to con
tract and to enforce contra'cts. the right to sue
aud to be sued, the right to testify iu the
courts, subject to the same rules that govern
the testimony of whites, and it subjects them
to the same punishments fir all offences as
the whites. In the?e respects, embracing ail
essential civil rights, all classes in Georgia
now stand equal before the law. There is no
discrimination in these particulars on account
ol race or color.
Please excuse this hasty note: I hare no
time to go more into details. Youts, most re
spectfullv,
Alexander II Stephens.
Hon. Wm. H. Stewart, Duited States Senate.
Q What, if anything, is being done in
Georgia with •regard to the education of the
negroes. ei;ner children or adults ?
A. Nothing by the public authorities as yet.
Schools are being established in many portions
ot the State, under the auspices, I think, of
the Freedmen’s Bureau, and quite a number
by the colored people themselves, encouraged
by the whites. ,
Q. What disposition do the negroes manifest
in regard to education ? .
A. There seems to be a very great aesire on
the part of the children and younger ones, and
with their parents to have them educated.
Q. What is the present legal condition of
those who have lived together as husband and
wile? Do the laws recognize and sustain the
relations and the legitinv-cy of their offspring?
A. Our State laws do. 'They recognize all
those living as mau and wife as legally man
and wife. A geod many of them took out
licens-'s aud were mariied in the usual way.
There i_. no difference in our laws in that re-
I spect. Licenses are issued lor white and
black alike, only they are prohibited from in-
! termarrving with each other. The r:i* es are
not permitted to intermarry.
| Q Were tne amsadments to the constitu
tion of the Ktate ot Georgia, recently adopted,
subm tied to the people ? .
A. No, sir; tnev were not submitted. I
have no hesitation, however, in expressing the
opinion that nice tenths of the people would
have voted for them if the constitution had
been submitted. That is but an opinion. I
heard no dissent at aT in the State. I was
there all ihe time. I got home before the
convention adjourned. The state eoflstitntion
as made bv the convention, would have been
ratified almost without opposition. It would
have been ratified nem, con. if it had been sub
mitted. This, at least, is my opinioti.
q. What wm the voting population of your
State in 1800 ? .
A.. Something upwards of a hunared thou
sand.
Q. What is probably the present voting
population ?
A. The voting population of the State, uuaer
the present constitution, is perhaps eighty
thousand. That is a mere estimate.
Q. Has there been any enumeration of the
losses of Georgia in the field, in the military
gfcrvicf? •
A. No accurate estimate, that I am aware
of.
q What is it supposed to have been ?
A. I am not able to answer the question with
anything like accuracy.
Q. What is the public sentiment of Georgia
with regard to the extension of the right of
voting to the negroes ?
A. The general opinion in the State is very
much averse to it ?
Q It a proposition were made to amend the
Constitution so as to Dave representation in
Congress based upon voters substantially,
would Georgia ratify such a proposed amend
ment, if it were made a condition precedent to
the restoration of the Ktate to political power
in the Government ?
A. Ido not think they would. The people of
Georgia, in my judgment, as far as I can re
flect on or represent their opinions, feel that
they are entitled UDder the Constitution of the
United States to representation without any
further condition precedent. They would not
object to entertain, discuss, aud exchange
views in the common councils of the country
with the other Slates upon such a proposition,
or any proposition to amend the Constitution,
or change it in any Os its features and they
wouid abide by any such change if made as the
Constitution provides, but they feel that they
are constitutionally entitled to be heard in
both Houses of Congress upon this or any other
proposed amendment. 1 do not therefore
think that they would ratify that amendment
suggested as a condition precedent to her being
admitted tore presentation in Congress. Kucb,
at least is my opinion.
Q. It is then your opinion that at the pres
ent the people of Georgia wouid neither be
willing to extend suffrage to the negroes, nor
consent to the exclusion of the negroes from
the basis of representation.
A. The people of Georgia, in my judgment,
are perfectly willing to leave suffrage and the
basis of representation where the Constitution
leaves it. They look upon tbo question of
suffrage as one belonging exclusively to the
Stales; oue over which, under tho Constitution
of the United States,Congress has no jurisdic
tion. power, or control, except in proposing
amendments to the States, and not in exacting
them from them, and I do not think, therefore,
that the people of that State, while they are
disposed, asl believe, earnestly, to deal fairly,
justly, and generously with the freedmen.
would be willing to consent to a change in the
Constitution that would give CoDgress juris
diction over the question of suffrage. And
especially would they be very much adverse
to Congress exercising any such jurisdiction,
without their representatives in the Senate and
House being heard in the public council upon
this question that bo vitally concerns their in
ternal policy, as well as the internal policy of
all the States.
Q, If the proposition were to be submitted
to Georgia as one of the eleven States lately
in rebellion, that she might be restored to po
litical power in the Government of the country
upon the condition precedent that she should,
on the one hand, extend suffrage to the negro,
or, on the other, consent to their exclusion
from the basis of representation, would she
accept either proposition and take her place
iu the Government of tbe country ?
A. 1 can only give my opinion. I do not
think Bhe wouid accept either as a condition
precedent presented by Congress, far they do
not believe that Congress has the rightful
power under the Constitution to prescribe such
a condition. If Georgia is a State in the Union
her people feel that she is entitled to repre
sentation without conditions imposed by Con
gress. And if she is uot a State in the Union,
tlieu she could not be admitted as an equal
with the others if her admission were trammel
led with conditions that do not apply to all
the rest alike. General universal suffrage
amongst the colored people, as they are now,
would, by our people, be regarded as about as
srreat a political evil as could befall them.
Q. If the proposition were to extend the
right ot suffrage to tuoss who could read, aud
to those wno hud served in tho Union armies,
would that modification affect the action of the
State ?
A. I think the peopio ot tne state would
be unwilling to do more than they have done
for restoration. Restricted or limited suffrage
would not bo so objectionable as general or
universal. But it is a matter that belongs to
tho State to regulate. The question of suf
frage, whether universal or restricted, is one
of State policy exclusively, as they believe.
Individually, I should not be opposed to a
proper system of restricted or limited suffrage
to this class of our population; but in my
judgment it is a matter (hat belongs, of conni
tutional light, to the State to regulate exclu
sively, each for itself. But the people of that,
State, as I have said, would not wiilingly, I
think, do more than they have dorie for restc
raiion. The only view in their opinion that
could possibly justify the war which was car
ried on by the Federal Government against
them was the idea ot the iudissolubleness of
the Union —that those who held the adminis
tration for the time were bound to enforce the
execution of the iaws and the maintenance .of
the integrity of the country under the Consti
tution; and since that was accomplished, since
those who had assumed the contrary principle
—the right of secession, and the teserved sov
ereignty of the States—had abandoned their
cause, and the administration here was suc
cessful in maintaining the idea upon which
war whs proclaimed and waged, and the only
view in which they supposed it could be jus
tified at ail—when that was accomplished, I
say, the people of Georgia supposed their State
was immediately entitled to all her rights un
der the Constitution. That is my opinion of
the sentiment of the people of Georgia, and I
do not think they would be willing to do any
thing farther as a condition precedent to their
being permitted to enjoy the full measure of
their constitutional rights. I only give my
opiniou of the sentiment of the people at this
time. They expected that as soon as the Con
federate cause was abandoned, that immediate
ly the States would be brought back into
their practical relations with the Govern
ment, as previously constituted. That is
what they looked to. They expected that
the State would immediately have their
representatives in the Senate and in
the House, and they expected in good faith,
as loyal men, as the term is frequently used—
I mean by it loyal to law, order, and the Con
stitution—to support the Government under
the Constitution. That was their feeling.
T hey did what they did, believing it was best
for the protection of constitutional liberty.
Towards the Constitution of the United States,
as they construed it, the great mass of our
people were as much devoted in their feelings
as any people ever were towards any cause.
This is my opinion. As I Temarken before,
they resorted to secession with a view of main
taining more securely these principles. And
when they found they were not successful in
their object, in periect good faith, as far as I
can judge from meeting with them and con
versing with them, looking to the future de
velopments of the r country in its material re
sources, as well as its mora. and intellectual
progress, their earnest desire and expectation
was to allow the past struggle, lamentable as
it wasin its result, to pass by, ard to co-op
erate with tne true friends of the Constitu
tion, with those of all sections who earnestly
desire the preservation of constitutional lib
erty and the perpetuation of the Government
in its purity. They have been a little disap
pointed in this, and are so now. They are
patiently waiting, however, and beiieving that
when the passions of the hour have passed
away this deiay in restoration will cea3e. They
think they have done everything that was es
sential and proper, and my judgment is that
they would not be willing to do anything
further as a condition precedent. They would
simply remain quiet and passive.
Q. Does your own jndgmeiyt approve the
view yon hive given as to the'opinion of the
people of the State.
A. My own judgment Is very decided that
the question of suffrage is one that belongs,
under the Constitution—and wisely so, too—
to the States respectively and exclusively.
Q. It is you; opinion that neither oi tho al
ternatives suggested in the question oucht to
be accepted by ihe people of Georgia ?
A. My own opinion i-, that these terms
ought not to be offered as conditions precedent
In other words, my opinion is. that it would
be best for the peace, harmony, and prosperity
of tbe whoie country that there should beau *
immediate restoration—an immediate bringing j
back of the States into their orig.uat practical j
reiat ons—and let ad these questions then be
discussed in common council. Then the le- j
presentatives from the South could be heard, i
aud you and air could judge much better of
the tone and temper of the people than you
could lrom tbe opinions given by any indivi
duals. Yon may take my opinion or the
opinion ol any individual, but they will not
enable yon to judge of the condition ot the
Ktate of Georgia so well *> for her own rep
resentatives to be heard in your pub'iic coun
cils in her own behalf. My judgment, there
fore, is very decided that it would have been
better, as soon as the lamentable conflict was
over, when the people ot the South abandoned
their cause and agreed to accept the issue—de
siring, as they do, to resume their places for
the future in the Union, and to look to the
halls of Congress ami the courts for the protee
tection ot their rights in the Unioa—it would
have been better, to have allowed that re
sult to foUcw, under the policy adopted by
the Administration, than to delay it or hinder
it by propositions to amend the Constitution
in respect to suffrage or any other new matter,
I think the people ot all the Southern States
would, in the hails of Congress, discuss these
questions calmly and deliberately ; and it they
did not show that the views they entertained
were just and proper, such as to control the
judgment of the people of the other sections
and Ktates, they would quietly, patiently, and
patriotically yield to whatever should be con
stitutionally determined in common council.
But I think they feel very sensitively the offer
to them of propositions to accept, while they
are denied all voice in the common council of
the Union under the Constitution in tiiß dis
cussion of these propositions. I think they
feel very sensitively that they are denied the
right to be heard. And while, as I have said,
they might differ among themselves in many
poiuts in regard to suffrage, they would not
differ upon the question of doing anything
further as a condition precedent to restoration.
And in respect to the alternate conditions to be
so presented : Ido not think they wouid ac
cept the one or the other. My individual gen
eral views as to the proper course to be pur
sued in resptet to the colored people are -ex
pressed iu a speech made beiore the Georgia
Legisleture, referred to in my letter to Sena
tor Stewart, that was the proper forum, as I
conceive, in which to discuss this subject.
And I think a great deal depends iu the ad
vancement of civilization aud progress, look
ing to the benefit of all classes, that these
questions should be considered and jtept be
fore the proper forum.
Q. Suppose the States that are represented
in Congress and Congress itseit should be of
the opinion that Georgia should not he permit
ted to take its place in tho Government of tbe
country except upon its assent to one or the
other of the two propositions suggested : it is
then your opiuion that under such circum
stances Georgia ought to decline ?
Witness. You mean the Ktates now repre
sented, and thoae only ?
Mr. Boutweli. Yes.
Witness. You mean by Congress, Congress
as it is now constituted, with the other eleven
Ktates excluded ?
Mr. Boutwell. Ido.
Witness. And you mean the same alterna
tive propositions to be applied to all the eleven
States aa conditions precedent to their restora
tion ?
Mr. Boutwell. I do.
A. Then I think she ought to decline under
the circumstances, and for the reasons stated;
and so ought the whole eleven. Should such
an offer be made and declined, and these States
should thus continue to be excluded and kept
out, a singular spectacle would be presented.
A complete reversal of positions wouid be
presented. In 1861 these Ktates thought they
could not remain safely in the Unioa without
new guarantied and now, when they agree to
resume their former practical relations In the
Union under the Constitution as it is, the other
Ktates turn upon them, aud say they cannot
permit them to do so, safoly to the'r interest,
without new guarautiea on their part. The
Southern Ktates would thus present them
selves as willing for immediate Union under
the Constitution, while it wouid be the North
ern States opposed to it. The former disun
ioniats would thereby become Unionists, and
the former Unionists tho practical rlisunionists.
Examinational Alexander H. Stephens re
sumed :
By Mr. Boutwell .
Q. Do you mean to be understood in your last
answer that there? is no constitutional power
iu the Government, as at present organized,
to exact conditions precedent ,to the restora
tion to political power ot tho eleven States
that have been in rebellion ?
A, Yes, sir. That is my opinion.
Q. Do you entertain the same opinion in
reference to the amendment to tho Constitu
tion abolishing slavery ?
A. I do. I think the States, however,
abolished slavery in good fatb, as one of the
results of tho war. Their ratification of the
constitutional amendment followed as a con
sequence. I do not think thero is any con
stitutional power on fho part of the Govern
ment to have exacted it as a condition prece
dent to their restoration under the Coristffu.
tion, or to the resumption of their places as
members of the Union.
Q What, in your opinion, is the legal
valuS of the laws oy uougress and Jap
proved by the President in the absence of
Senators aud Representatives from the eleven
tates ?
A. Ido not know what particular law you
reler to; but my answer, generally, is, that the
validity of all laws depends on their constitu
tionality. This is a question for the judiciary
to determine. My own judgment, whatever it
might be, would have to conform to the judi
cial determination of the question. It is a
question for the courts to determine.
Q. Have you formed any opinion upon that
question ?
A. I cannot say that I have formed any
matured opinion in reference to any particular
act of Congre s embraced in the question.
Q. Assume that Congress shall in th s ses
sion, in the absence of Senators and Represen
tatives from the eleven States, pass an act
levying taxes upon all the people oi the United
Ktates, including the eleven : is it your opi
nion that such an act would be constitutional?
A. I should doubt if it would be. It would
certainly, in my opinion, be manifestly unjust,
and agaiost all ideas of American representa
tive government. Its constitutionality wouid,
however, be a question for the judiciary to
decide, and I should be willing to abide by
that decision, whatever it might be.
Q. If the eleven States have at present an
immediate constitutional right to be represent
ed in Congress on a footing with the States at
present represented, has that been a continu
ous right from the formation of tbe Govern
ment, or from the time of the admission of the
new States respectively, or has it been inter
rupted by war ?
A. I think, as the Congress of the United
States did not consent to the withdrawal of the
seceding States, it was a continuous right
under the Constitution of the United States, to
be exercised so soon as the seceding States res
pectively made known their reaaiuess to re
sume their former practical relations with the
Federal Government, under the Constitution
of the United States. As the General Gov
ernment denied the right of secession, I do not
think any of the States attempting to exercise
it thereby lost a&y of their rights under the
Constitution, as States, when their people
abandoned that attempt.
Q. Is it or not your opinion that the Legis
latures and people of the eleven States, respect
ively, have at present such a right to elect
Senators and Representatives to Congress; that
it may be exercised without regard to the part
which persons elected may have had in the ra
beiiion?
A. I do not think they conld exercise that
right in the choice of their Senators and mem
bers, so as to impair in the slightest degree the
constitutional right of each House for itself to
judge of the qualifications of these who might
be choseu. The right of the constitutional
electors of a State to choose, and the right of
each House of Congress tojudge of the qualifi
cations of those elected to their respective
bodies, are very distinct an 1 different quee.
tions. Andfin thus judging of qualifications, I
am free to admit that in my opinion no oue
should be admitted as a member of either
House ot Coogres- who is not really and truly
loyal to the Constitution of the United Ktates,
and to the Government established by it.
Q. State whether from vour observation the
events of the war have produced any change
in the public mind of the South upon the
question of the reserved rights of the Ktates
under the Constitution of the Luited Ktates.
A. That question I answered in part yester
day. While I cannot state from personal
knowledge to what extent the opinions of the
Southern States irnon the abstract question of
the reserved rights of the States may have
changed, my decided opinion is that a very
thorough change has taken place upon the
practical policy oi resorting to any such right.
QJ What events or experience of the war
have contr buted to this change ?
A. First, the people are satisfied that a resort
to the exercise of this right, where it is denied
by the Federal Government, wiil lead to war,
which many thought before the late attempted
secession, would not be the C3se; and civil
wars they are also now vety well satisfied are
dangerous to liberty; and moreover, thtir ex
perience in the late war I think satisfied them
that it greatly endangered their own. I al
lude especially to the suspension of the writ of
habeas corpus, the military conscriptions, the
proclamations of martial law in various places,
general impressments, and the levying of
forced contributions, as well as the very de
moralizing effects ot war generally.
Q When were you last a member of the
Congress of the United States ?
A. I went out on the 4th of Alarch, 1859.
Q. Will you state, if not indisposed to do so,
the considerations or opinions which led you to
identity yourself with the rebellion so far as to
accept the office ot Vice President of the Con
federate States of America so called?
A. I beiieved thoroughly in the reserved
sovereignty of the several States of the Union
under the compact <_f Union or Constitution of
1787. I opposed secession, therefore, as a ques
tion of policy, and not one of right on the
part of Georgia. When the State seceded
against my judgment and vote, 1 thought my
ultimata allegiance was due to her, and 1 pre
ferred to cast my fortunes and destinies with
hers and her people, rather than to take any
other course, even though it might lead to my
sacrifice and her ruin. In aceeptihg position
under the new order of things, my sole object
was to do all the good I could in preserving and
perpetuating the principles of liberty, as estab
lished under the Constitution of the United
States. If the Uniou vas to be abandoned,
either with or without force—which I thought
a very impolitic measure—l wished, if possible,
t > rescue, preserve, and perpetuate the prin
ciples of the Constitution. This, I was not
withonthope, might be done in the new Con
federacy ot States formed. When the conflict
arose, my efforts were directed to as speedy
and peacelul an adjustment of the question as
possible. This adjustment I always thought
to be lasting, would have ultimately to be
settled upou a constitutional basis, founded
upon the principles of mutual conv
enience and reciprocal advantage on
the part of the States, on which the
Constitution of the United States was origi
nally formed. I was wedded to no particular
plau of adjustment, except the recognition, as
a basis, ot the separate sovereignty of the
several States. With this recognized as a prin
ciple, I thought all other questions of difference
would soon adjust themselves, according to
the best interests, peace, welfare, and prosper
ity of the whole country, as enlightened rea
son, calm judgment, aud a sense of justice
might direct. This doctrine of the sovereignty
of the several States I regarded as a self-ad
justing, seif regulating principle of our Ameri
can system of State government, extending,
possibly, over the continent.
Q. Have your opinions undergone any
change since the opening of the rebellion in
reference to the reserved rights of States under
the Constitution of the United States?
A. My convictions on the original abstract
question have undergone no change, but I ac
cept the issues of the war and the result as a
practical settlement of that question. The
sword was appealed to to decide ihe question,
and by the decision of the sword I am willing
to abide.
I.YFEIIiUL BEVEME.
REPORT BY THE WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE OF
THE AMENDATORY BILL.
Washington, April 2G, 1860.
The bill to amend the Internal Revenue law,
as reported to day, provides that ou and after
the Ist day of July, 1866, in lieu of the duties
on manufactured cotton, there shall be paid
by the producer, owner or holder, upon all
cotton produced within the United States, and
upon which no taxes have been paid, a tax of
five cents a poutffi. Upon articles manufac
tured exclusively from cotton, when exported,
there shall be allowed, as a drawback, an
amount equal to the internal tax which shall
have been assessed and paid upon such arti
cles in their finished condition, and in addition
thereto a drawback or allowance of as many
cents per pound upon the pound of Cotton,
cloth, yarn or other articles manufactured ex
clusively, to the same extent as on raw cottou.
The bill further provides that distillers shall
pay SIOO tax instead of SSO. Distillers of
app'es, grapes and peaches distilling or manu
facturing less than 150 barrels per year shall
pay S6O. Brewers are to pay SIOO mstead of
SSO ; those making leas than 500 barrels per
year to pay SSO.
Insurance agents are to pay $lO tax. When
the receipts do not exceed SIOO they shall pay
$5.
Any person who peddles jewelry, distilled
spirits, fermented liquois or wines is to pay SSO
license.
Express carriers are to pay $lO license.
Builders and contractors are to pay $lO in
stead ot $25.
No tax is to be imposed on apothecaries,
confectioners, keepers ot eating houses or
keepers of hotels, inns or taverns, or tobacco
nists, or retail dealers, except retail dealers
in spiritous and malt liquors, when their an
nual gross receipts ou sales shall not exceed
the sum of SI,OOO.
On illuminating, lubricating or other min
eral oil, the product of distillation, redistilia
tion, or the refining of crude petroleum, 20
cents a gallon ; and all coal oils between- the
specific gravity, by the beaumetists of 36 and
55 degrees, inclusive, sbali be deemed refined
illuminating coal oil; such oil, refined and pro
duced by the distillation of coals, asphaltum or
shale exclusively, shall pay a tax of 10 cents
per gallon only ; produced by the same mater
ials, peat or other bituminous substances, 10
cents a gallon ; spirits of turpentine, 10 cents
a gallon.
Molasses, from sugar cane, three cents a gal
lon. Syrup of molasses or sugar cane juice,
when removed from the plantation, concen
trated molasses or milado and cistern bottoms
of sugar produced from sugar cane and not
made from sorghum orumphee, a tax of three
fourths of one per centum. Sugars above No.
12 and not above No. 18 duties, standard in
color, a tax of 1J cent, per pound. On sugars
above No. 18 duties, standard in color, 2£
cents per pound.
Ou all soap valued at above three cents a
pound, not perfumed, and on all salt water
soap, made of cocoanut, a tix of half cent a
pound. On all other perfumed soaps, three
cents a pound.
On salt a tax of three cents per one hundred
pounds, instead of six cents.
Ou reapers, mower, scales, brooms and
wooden ware, three per centum ad valorem.
Ou tinware ofall descriptions, not otherwise
provided for, five per centum ad valorem.
The duty on railroad iron of three dollars a
ton is continued ; on tubes, made of wrought
iron, five dollars per ton.
Ou copper, zinc and brass nails or rivets, and
ou shot, sheet leid and lead pipes, five per
centum ad valorem.
Oa articles of clothing manufactured or pro
duced for sale by weaving, knitting or filling,
and on hats, bonnets and hoon skirts, and on
articles manufactured or produced for sale as
constituent parts of clothing, or for trimming
ot ornamenting the same, and on articles of
wearing apparel manulactured or produced for
sale from india rubber, gutta percha. or paper,
or from fur, or fur skins dressed with the fnr
on, five per centum ad valorem.
On boots and shoes two per centum ad valo
rem. to be paid by every person making,
manufacturing, or producing for saie, boots
and shoes, or furnishing the materials, or any
part thereof, or employing others to make,
manufacture or produce them : Provided,
that any boot or shoe maker making boots or
shoes to order, as custom work only, and not
for general sale, and whore work does not ex
ceed annually in value oue thousand dollars,
sh-rll be exempt from the tax.
Oa ready made clothing and on gloves, mit
tens moecasins, caps and other articles of
dress for the wear of men, women ana children,
not otherwise assessed and taxed, one per
centum ad valorem, to be paid by every per
son manufacturing or producing for sale cloth
ing, gloves, mittens, moccasins, caps and
other articles of dress, or furnishing the mate
rials or any part thereof, or employing otiiers
to make, manufacture or produce them ; pro
vided, that any tailor, or any maker of gloves,)
mittens, moccasins, caps and other articles of
drees to order, as custom work only and not
for general sale, and whose work does not ex
ceed annually in value one thousand dollars
shall be exempt from this tax : and articles ot
dress made or trimmed by milliners or dress
makers for the wear of women shall also be
exempt from this tax.
The charge on sm - king tobacco of all kinds,
and imitations thereof shall be twenty-five
cents a pound, instead of thirty-five cents ; on
smoking tobacco made exclusively of stems
tea cents instead of fifteen cents a pound.
The cigarettes, or small tobacco made of to
bacco, enclosed in a wrapper or binder, and
not over three and a half inches in length, the
inar»et value of which, tax excluded, is not
over six dollars per thousand ; a tax of two
dollars per thousand; when the market value
is over six dollars and not over ten dollars per
thousand, tax included,- and oa cheroots and
cigars, known as short sixes, and on ail cigars
made with or without pasted or twisted heads
the market value of which, tax included, is not
over ten dollars per thousand, a tax of four
dollars per thousand. On all other cigars,
cheroots and cigarettes, made wholly of to
bacco, or of any other substitute therefor, ten
doilars per thousand.
Section 90 provides that all. sales made by
brokers and bankers doing business as brokers,
w hether made for the benefit of others or on
their own account, at the rate of five cents on
every hundred dollars; and upon all sales and
contracts for the sale of stocks, bonds, foreign
exchange, gold and silver, bullion and coin,
uacurient money, promissory notes or other
securities, two cents for every hundred dollars
of the amount of such sales or contracts ; and
on all sales and contracts for sale negotiated
and made by any person, firm or company not
taxed as a broker or banker of any gold or
silver, bullion, coin, nncurrent money, pro
missory Dotes, stocks, bonds or other securi
ties, not his own property, a tax at the rate of
five cents for every hundred dollars ot the
amount of such sales or contracts.
A'l of schedule Ais stricken out, excepting
the tables and carriages valued above three
hundred dollars ;in other words, these are
the only articles in that schedule now relieved
from taxation.
It is provided that on and after the Ist day
of July, 1866, the receipts derived from trans
porting property for hire shall be exempt from
the tax imposed by the 103d section ; but such
exemption shall not apply to any receipts of
railroads, ferries or bridges, nor to transporta
tion of the mails of the United States upon
contracts made prior to the passage of this
act.
The tax on express companies is increased
from three to five per cent, on gross receipts ;
when the gross receipts do not exceed one
thousand dollars they are exempt.
The banking section is amended by adding
the deposits in associations or companies,
known as provident institution, or savings
banks, having no capital stock, and doing no
other business than receiving deposits to be
loaned or invested for the sole benefit of tbo
parties making such deposits, .without profit or
compensation to the association or company
shall be exempt from tax or duty on so much
ot their deposits as they have invested in se
curities.of the United States, aud all deposits
less than three hundred dollars made in the
name of one person.
The income tax in five per cent, on excess of
one thousand dollars in lieu ot the former tax.
Ihe deductions are about the same as under
the present law.
The stamp duty on gaugers', measurers’ aud
weighers’ returns, and all receipts, a-e strick
en out of schedule B. and the following is in
serted in lieu of the same.
Receipts ior any sum of money, or for the
payment of any debt, exceeding twenty dol
lars in amount, not being for the satisfaction
of any mortgage or judgment or decree of any
court, or by endorsement on any stamped
obligation in acknowledgment of its fulfilment,
for each receipt two cents ; provided that when
more than one signature is affixed to the same
paper, one or more stamps may be affixed
thereto representing the whole amount ot the
stamp required for such signatures. There is
to be one grade of tax on playing cards, name
ly, five cents ; one and two cents on canned
and preserved meats, vegetables, &C., accord
ing to value. Ground coffee, or any com
pound or mixture ground or prepared for sale
as a substitute for coffee 1 one cent per pound,
and one cent lor each pound in excess of one
pound ; provided that any portion of a pound
shall be considered as £a pound and stamped
accordingly. Ground pepper, cloves, clove
stems, &o , or any mixture intended to repre
sent them, one cent per half pound.
Sections two, five, eight and nine of the act
of March 3, 1866, are repealed. The effect ot
this is to remove the tax on lucifer matches
and reduce the tax on manufactures from Bix
to five per cent. It removes the tax of one
dollar per barrel on crude petroleum.
ARTICLES EXEMPT FROM TAX.
From and alter the passage of this act the
following articles and products shall be ex
empt from internal tax or duty : Animal
charcoal or carbon, beeswax, barrels and
casks other than those used for the reeption
of fluids, and packings boxes made of wood,
besides coffins and burial cases ; crucibles of all
kinds, crates and baskets made of splints,
crutches and artificial limbs, eyes and teeth,
leather beds, mattresses, paillasses, bolsters
and pillows, fertilizers of all kinds, flasks and
patterns used by founders, gold cap and gold
toil, keys, actions and springs for musical in
struments, lamps and lanterns, the glass and
metals of which have paid the tax assessed
thereon ; medicinal and mineral waters of all
kinds, in bottles or from fountains; mineral
coal of all kinds, oakum, photographic or any
otter sun picture, being copies of engravings
or works ot art when the eame are sold by the
producer at wholesale at a price not exceeding
ten cents each, or are used for the illustration
ot books, and on photographs so small in size
that a stamp cannot be affixed ; paper of all
descriptions, books, maps, charts and all print
ed matter aud book binding ; productions of
stereotypers, lithographers and eDgravers ; re
pairs of articles of all kinds ; starch, soap
valued at not above three cents per pound ;
umbrellas and parasols and umbrella sticks ;
the value of bullion used iu the manufacture
oi wares, watches and watch cases, and bullion
piepmd lor the use of platers and watchmak
ers, steel in ingots, bars, sheet, plates, coil or
wire, and steel springs and axels made and
used exclusively for vehicles, cars or locomo
tives ; metallic nickei, quicksilver, magne
sium. aftoainium, spelter, copper, lead and tin,
in ingots, pigs or bars ; metallic zinc in ingots
or sheets, robed copper aud yellow sheeting
metal, brass not more advanced tbau rods or
sheets, huils of ships and other vessels, masts,
splits, ship and vessel blocks, sails, tents,
awnings and.baga made by sewing or pasting ;
building stone of all Kinds, including state,
marble, freestone and soap stone ; burr stones,
millstone and grindstones, rough and uu
wrought ; monuments of stone ot all kinds,
not exceeding in value the sum of one thou
sand dollars; rootling slate, stabs and stiles,
Roman and water cements and lime, bricks,
firebricks, draining tiles, earthen and stone
water pipe, ploughs, cultivators,, harrows,
straw and hay cutters, planter’s seed drills and
winnowing mills, hubs, Bpokes and felloes,
wooden handles for agricultural, household
and mercantile tools ; implements mould
ings for looking glasses and picture frames
quinine, morphine and other vegetable alka
loids and phosphorus ; tin cans used for meats,
fish, shellfish, fruits, vegetables, jams and
jellies ; hemp and jute prepared for textile and
telting purposes, yarn and warp for weaving
purposes exclusively ; provided that the ex
ceptions aforesaid snail in all eases be con
fined exclusively to said articles in the state
and condition specified in the foregoing enu
merations, and shall not extend to articles in
any other form, nor to mtnfatures for said
articles, vinegar, alum, aniline colors, bleach
ing powders, bicksomate or potash, blue vit
riol, copperas, oxide or zinc, paints and.pain
ter’s colors, putty, soda, a6h, Baleratus, bicar
bonate of soua and slicite of soda, sulphate of
bartyes, slats of tin, verdigris, white lead,
whiting, vegetable, animal and flesh oils of
all descriptions, including red oil or olive
acid, paraffine oil of a specific gravity,
not exceeding in specific gravity thirty-six de
grees ; bounias hydrometre, the product of a
residuum of distillation, crude petroleum and
crude oil, the product of the first and single
distillation of coal, thale, asphaltum, peat or
o.ber bituminuoua substances ; tar and crude
turpentine, and illuminating gas
manufactured by educational .institutions lor
their own use exclusively ; pig iron, blooms,
shades and loops, railroad iron, rerolled iron ;
provided that the term rerolled shall apply on
ly to rails for which the manufacturer receives
pay tor remaDutacturing and not for new iron ;
iron castings for bridges, malleable iron, cast
ings unfinished, spindles and castings of all
descriptions made for locks aud machinery,
upon which duties are to be assessed and paid ;
railroad chains, railroad, boat and ship spikes,
axe poles, shoes for horses, mules and oxen ;
riveis, horse shoe nails, nut washers and bolts,
anvils, vices, iron chains and anchors, when
such articles are made of wrought iron which
bas pieviously paid the tax or duty assessed
thereon ; stoves, composed in part of cast iron
and in pare of sheet iron, or of soap stone, or
free stoue, with or without cast iron or sheet
iron ; provided the cast or sheet Iron shall
have paid the tax or duty previously assessed
thereon.
Ihe above are the principal features of the
bill, which also contains amendments to the
administrative sections and reorganizes the In
ternal Revenue Bureau.
A Mvcisaiocs Disappearance.— Yesterday
morning at the opening ot the Freedman’s
Court, no clerk was either visible, tangible or
in anywise come atable, A little inquiry
elicited the fact that the clerk had gone North
on one of Saturday's steamers. We congratu
late tile North on his arrival, as he took with
him tunds belonging to various parties here,
which must necessarily be disbursed in New
York. There is no Freedmen’s Bureau in
session in that city, and as horses and buggies
can be oniy bad by paymentjin advance, the de
faulting party will find that his S3OO, or there
abouts, will not last long. We do not men
tion his name, for the reason that he has a
namesake or two here who are eminently res*
ponsible and deserving, but those who are
posted will know the party. Among the suf
lerers are two or three poor men. S3OO is a
small sum at which to sell reputation and hon
or .among one’s fellow men. Savannah, Be.
publican.
It is understood that Secretary McCulloch
will shortly dispose of, at public auction, such
of the revenue cutters as he shall find ill-adap
ted to the purpose of the revenue sevice.
The President baa recognized J. Marten
Lewis as vice consul of Denmark for the State
of Maryland.
The Lost Tales of Biletus.
With the same genius aud skill with which
the artist restores an ancient statue, of which
he has only some mutilated fragments, Buiwer
has created out of a few Greek myths aud ob
scure hints, a fluttered through a wide range of
classical literature, a s.ries oi tales which are
probably quite as good as the lost tales of Mi
letus, if not very much like them. These tales
are told in rbymcless meter, and in new com
binations closely resembling those of the classic
poets, and never before followed wub any suc
cess in England. We think the success in this
case will be considered perfect and wonderful.
In power and beauty of imagination these po
ems remind us of Tennyson ; in severe, classi
cal simplicity of language, ot Longfellow ; and
their distinguished author will heneeforta rank
as high among the poets as he already does
among the novelets. How Sisyphus, au an
c.ent Mark ( Tapley, found comfort fkiough
hope, in the endless labor imposed upou him
in Hades, is well told :
But, by a priest of Sars, I was told
A tale not known iu Greece, of this man’s
doom,
That when the Thracian Orpheus, iu the Shades,
Sought his Eurydice,
He heard, tbo’ in the midst of Erebus,
Song sweet as his Muse-mother made his own ;
It broke forth from a solitary ghost,
Who, up a vaporous hill,
Heaved a huge stone that came rebounding
back,
And stiil the ghost upheaved it and still sang,
In the brief pause from toil while towards the
night
Reluctant toiled the stone,
TheThrac : an asked in wonder, “Who art thou,
Voiced like Heaven’s lark, midst the ri ghl of
Hell V
“My name on earth was Sisyphus,*’ replied *
The phantom. "In the Shades
“I keep mine earthly wit ; I have duped the
Three,
They gave me work for torture ; work is joy.
Slaves work in chains, and to the clank they
sing.”
Said Orpheus, “Slaves still hope
“And could I strain to heave up the huge stone
Did I not hope that it would reach the hight ?
There penance ends, and dawn Elysiau fields.”
“But if it never reach ?”
The Thracian sighed, as looming through the
mist
The stone came whirling back. “Foot,” said
the ghost,
“Then mine, at worst, is everlasting hope,’'’
Again uprose the stoue.
I'niicr the Moon.
Under the moon at the twilight breeze
Ripples the water in pulses bright,
We stand on the bridge by the sycamore trees,
And list to the voices that comb through the
night ;
Under the elm row misty and dark,
Love’s sweetest laughter rings from the bark—
Sprinkled with mauy a deep red lamp,
Stretched away through the distant damp—
Hark! ’mid the foliage blossomed with June,
Tinkles a serenade under the moon.
Under the moon in the village street,
Gossiping groups in the shadow meet;
Seated at dusky doorsteps there;
Red-lipped maidens taste of the air ;
Whispering now of their lovor’s eyes,
Live as the beuutiful summer skies;
Whispering now of their flatteries sweet,
As autumn’s fruitage dropped in the beat,
Until the} cadence a trembling tune,
bolt as their pulses uuder the moon.
Under the moon, by the cool sea shore,
The wind walks over the spacious floor,
Courting the scowy-bosomed tails
Daintily azure vales;
Over the crisp foam bearing along
The musing mariuor’s miduight song;
As by tberising helm, with hands j
Lit iu the compass lamp, he stands,
Thinking of those he left at noon,
Sad on the green shore under the moon.
Under the moon, by the dusty road,
Face wo on to the old abode :
The listless splendor floating flails
Over its sycamore roof and walls,
Peering into the casement nook
Piled with many a brown old book;
Spirits aid they whose pages teem
With thoughtful ditty and pictured dream,
Spirits, amid whose silence soon
Our own shall number under the moon.
SUBSTITUTE Full PERUVIAN fcUASO.
BAUGH’S
Haw bone Super-phosphate oflirne
13AIJG1I AtiSOiVS,
LI ANUFAOTUREKS AND PROPRIETORS
20 South Delaware Avenue, Phil,
This valuable MANURE has been before the agricultural
public, untfer one name, for twelve years psjst and its charac
ter for vigor of action and permanence in efiect is well estab
lished. Before the war it was introduced t o some extent in the
Southern States, and was found to be highly adapted to
Cotton, Tobacco aud all Crops.
And as a perfect substitute for Peruvian’Guano—afforded
at less than ore half the cost—it has been adopted by agricul
turists of known intelligence and discrimination, it is war
ranted not to exhaust the soil, but on the contrary perma
nently to improve it. The sales now amoant to many thou
sand tons annually, and the facilities tor its manufacture are
extensive and complete.
Pamphlet describing its distinctive claims may be had on
application to the undersigned agent of the manufacturers
from whom the MANURE may at all times be obtained.
J. 0. Mathewson,
. Aug-usta,
«KNKRAr, AWEMFOIt UEORUIA.
Imd&l3w3
Mill Furnishing Ware.
rVNfJK undersigned would respectfully inform this old cue
M. tomersauo the Hillers in general, that he is now pre
pared to furnish the best quality of
FRENCH BURR,
ESOPUS & COLOGNE MILL STONES,
Bolting Cloth. Smut Machines, Belting, Wire
Cloth, Mill Picks,
aDd any other article required in a good grist and flouring mill.
Orders solicited and punctually attended to
WM. BKENNEK,
apl6lywl7 103 Broa street. Augusta Ga.
Notice.
Georgia, Richmond county.
All persons having claims Mrs. Anna
make, li’e of said county, i*, are requested to preseii t
he-n in te»ni3 of the law; and tho 3 e indebted *re requested to
make payment, JuilN T. bHE iVMaKB,
ay2Blu£owl9 Adm’r.
To Cotton Planters.
THE sibfcriber* would respectfully inform coPon plan
ters tba-. they have on uan l, ana are orep nei to make
to order OJTTO.% GINS, of a s .pjnor qualify, which they
offer lor sale on reanor ab e terms.
Parties purchasing from us may rely oa being furnished
with the te-t, quart /of gins. We are also prepared to repair
''ldgin ands make them penorm well. As there i* a larg num
be of old gins m the hauds of planters, we suggest tue pro
piiety and ec.>n jmy of having them repa.re :.
To owners of such who wish them repaired, we sa7 82nd
them ta us early, aud we will repair them in good order, aud at
charge*.
orders for new Gin3 respectfully solicited, and promptly
attended to.
Twenty years experience in the manufacture of cotton gim
waT&nt us in saying our nuke sh all not be cur- assed by any
other J. D. & i£. T H^MMAOK,
apr4 12d&2w Crawfor*.ville,foa.
Legal Advertisements.
Georgia, gkesne county.
whereas, Nancy D. Gentry aud Svmuel T. Gentry ap
piy for letters of administration on the estate of John D. Gen
tly. deceased;
These are therefore to cite and require all persons concerned
to show cause (if any tney have) way said letters shoul 1 not
be granted at the Court of Ordinary be he.d in and for
said county, on the first Monday in June nex'.
Given under my hand a: office; in Greerusboro, April 2 let,
1854. EUGEMUS L. KING,
ap24 4w19 Ordinary.
OTIC E—-
Court of Ordinary of Richmond county, for leave to sell the
aud br-iong.n4 to the es.aU: of juaxans Howell, late of said
county, deceased. THOb, H. FItGiER.
mh2l Administrator.
j\ Twconontlis after date application will be made to the
Court of Ordinary ot Richmond county for leave to sell the
real ardpersotsl property belonging to the estate of
liweile. late ol aatd county,
mill Bwl3 Admin.atrator.
CIEOKGIA, JCLBEKT COUNTY.
r -wiles is hereby given to ail peaons concerned, that
ju it£ ctovsia.Q James W. stoval. minor ch.lie) of
Georee W btoval Ire ot tai 1 county, naa a legacy comitgto
them from the estate cf -aid Ge rg: W . Mo.al. and no per.on
La- appned for letters of guard .n h ; p cfthaperaoaand pop
erty ofaaSd roi ore, and iu terms of ihe raw s»id guardianship
will be vested in iha clerk of ihe Superior Cou»t or some oth
*r fit aneprorer person, thirty days alter the publication of
this ciiatio.i, unltsssome valid Objection is made to his ap-
P Given under my hand and offliial signature, this ?4th C*Y
of April, A. D. iB6O. W. H. EDWARDS,
apSs# 4«r)9 Ordinary-
EORGIA. GREENE COUNTY— _
■jf v\ hereas LittJeton D. Gaiowtii applies for Letters of
iteration on the esta'e of Aha McLeilan. deceased :
Tneee ar* therefore, to c’.te and rt quire ail yenona concerned
to show cau=e, if any they have, why said letters should not
Le granted at the Court of Ordinary, to be held m and for said
couDty on the hrst Monday in June next.
Given under my h uiU at office in Greener boro, Aprii2lit,
IkGti. KUGKNJfUiS L. KING,
ap23 4w19 OiCinary
Legal AdvertisemunK
N COUN t Y.
V l . To a''-whom it may cor ceru—Wil iara D Tutt and
cxranJ. having in proper lorm appll-d to in“ lor
permanent. Iritevg of aomiuistia l >non tl.e esta l e of John
Leveve t, late of said county : this cite all s ngu -r the
kir, of John Eev et, io be aim appear
at m> office whhin theumeuilowe 1 hv law, am* snow «.ru c,
lran v th y permanent admluisirat o i hould not he
grantee to VVm.D Putt an . Saran j. L vevett ou John Le
vevt-tt s estate.
Wim t» my hand and official signature, March 23d 1966
a P rl 6w15 B. F TATvM, Ord’y
QT ATE OF GEORGIA, RIOHMON D COUNTY
hereas, Win A. niton applies to me. f r Lp*tp-s of
Administration on the estate of j*mea Bro*n late ot Mid
county, ccueased. '
These are, therefore, to site and admonish all and singular
the knulred and creditors of said deceased to he and in’'! ai at
my office on or before the first Monday in May next to
show cause, if any' they have, wky said Letters Jhoiiid not
be granted.
Uiveu uuder my handand official signature.at ofliceln Au.
gusta, this Hist day of Ala.cti, lS6fi.
JULii w is DAVID L. ROATTI Ordinary.
CTATE OF GEORGIA, RICHMOND COUNT 1 ""
IO » hereas, Tim thy O. 'tu phy applies to me for Letters
ot Administration on the Estate of i'lii ip -McGee lute ot
said county, deceas.d.
These are therefore, to cite and admonish ail, and singular
the kindred and creditors of said deceased, to be and appear at
my office, on or before the orst Monday m M y next, to
show cause, if any they have, why said Letters should not be
granted.
Given under my hand and official signature, at offleein Ah
gusta, this Mst day of Match, iB6O,
aprl 4w15 DAVID L. ROATH. Ordinary.
UTATffi OF GEORGIA, RICHMOND COU *TY.
w hereas, Gordon Gaiiduer applies to me f r le ter' of ad
ministretiou de beais i on on the Estate of Thom s G-rdner.
fate oi rai l county, dece’s and.
These are therefore to cite admonish all and singula* th
kind cut and creditors of said dece sand to b?. and upu.ar at ny
cfiLe, f 'U or b.iore ihe flrsr Monday in my next to show
cause, if any they have, why said Letters should iu.t be giant
ed,
Given under my hand and official signature, at office ia Au
gusta. this 81tft day of Match, 1866.
apl 4w15 uaVID L. ROATH. Ordinary.
Georgia, tali as euro county—
Whereas, G rnett Andrews applies to me for letters of
administration on the estate of Robert C. McJunkiu. late of
s »idc ounty deceased:
Tnase are therefore, to c’te anl summons, the kindred
and creditors of said deceased to appear at my offic • on or ' y
the first Monday iu M*y next, to show ca**se if any they h;.ve,
why said letters should not be granted.
Given under my baud and official s’gnuture. this Ma ch
Btst, 1866, J. D. HAjiMAGK, Ordi a y.
apl 4 vls
OF GEORGIA, RIOHMOMD COUNTY— .
k* m h rea 3 . Mary Collin- applies to me for Letters of Ad
ministration with th* will annexed, on me estate cf Tennis
Colons, 1 ite oi said cour.ty, dte.a-ee:
The e are theic or , to c te and a imonish, all and B‘t gular.
the km red and creditors of said and ceased, to be and atn e. r at
mv u.fiLe. on or before the first Monday in May nexc, to show
cause, if auy they have, why said Letters should not be nam
ed.
Given nndrr my hand and official sUnature at office in Au*
gusta,thisßJ dry ot April, 1866.
_apr4owß> DAVIDL. ROATH, Ord’y.
TB OP GEORGIA, RICHMOND COUNTY—
Whereas, Farah K. McC.-rßle Admiaistratix on the es
tate of Eltzabe'h Skinner, decehse l , aup ies to me for Letters
of Dismission,
Tnese are there r ore, to cite aud admonish, all aud singular
the kindred aim creditors of said deceased to be and appeal at
my office, on or before the first Monday in f.ugmt next, »o
snow cause, if any they have, why saul Letters euouiu not be
granted.
Given under my l aud and official signature, at office in Au
gusta, this fith day ot February, IS***,
tet>6 *26wy DAVID L. ROATH Ord’y.
OF GEORGIA, RICHMOND COUNTY
Whereas, Edmund Hudson applies to mi l\>r Utters of
administration in the Estate of Jasper Keliy, !ate of taid
county, deceased :
f nese are therefore to cite and admonish, all ad singular the
the kindred creditor * of said deceased, to b ? and appear
at, ray office on or before the flrT Monday in May n xt, 10
show cause, it any they have, why said letters should uo» Le
granted.
Uive’i under my hand and official signature, at tffice in Au
gusta, this 7th day of April. 1866
ap7 4\vl6 DaVII) L. R )ATH, Ordinary
tXKCUTOira haugi
WILL be sold on the first Tuesday in May next, before
the Court Home door in ihe town cf Madison, Mor
gun county, between the usual hours of tale, twenty three
1 undred acres *'f laud, lying on the waters ol Indi .11 <‘ieck
twelve miles fr mi the town of Mudisqn. on the Toad leadiuir
from Greensboro to Monticello known as the r. Ha well
place, aojoining the lauds of the estat of Carter Shepherd
deceased, Wns Leaver port aud ofht- re: raid lands said as the
property cf Littleton T. I*. Harwell, deceased, for the benefit
ot sh creditors and' legatees Fentons oeslrous to see ihe
lands, can cal on ell her of the executors. Terms made
known ou the day of sale.
J. H. HARWELL,) Vvonnfn , D
J. fc>. FANNIN, 5 Executors,
March 18th, 1856.
Also, will be sold on the firs* Tuesday iu May next, between
the usu'il hours of sale, before the Court Ho-tse door in ti e
town of Eatonton, Putnam corn tv, the undivided Intere i iu
aix huudrtdand thirty acres of lands,moie or less, on the
wa f era ot Indian Creek, adjoining Wm. Hearn ano ethers:
said lari * sold asthe lands belonging to the e-tate of Lit* let n
T. P. Harwell, deceased, foi the benefit of the cred t-rs aud
legatees. Persons <ied;rousot seeing the lauds can call ou J.
H. Harwell, who resides on the lauds and Is mtercsLed iu the
other interest. Terms on the day < f tale.
Jxi HaRV Kil'LJ Ex prut or a
J. 8. Fannin, s Executors.
March 18th, 1866. mh2l 6w14
CN EORuIA, GREEN COUNTY—
FT Whereaß, Junius Wingfield applies for Leiters of Ad
* iLii.istraHon de bonis non, on the estate of Mrs. {Sidney
w ingflel late of said county and ceased :
Thesa are, therefore, to cite and require all persons concern
ed, to show cause if any tney have why said Letters should
nor, ~e granted at the Court of Ordinary, to he held in *nd for
said county, ou the fl at Monday in Ma» next -
Given uuder my hand at office, in Greensooro, March *Ur!i,
1866. EU'-iENIUS L KI*G.
mht6 4wlß Ordinary*
ttOKGIA. GREKNCOU NT X
VPT Whereas, Junius Wingfield applies for Letters of
Auinifilfctraiton de b.nis non, ou ihe estate of Wil iam C.
Dawton, late of naid county deceased :
'ihese are, therefore, to cite and require all person 4 * con
cerned toshow cau*»e, if an* thevha'e. why sa*d L« ttrrs
ehould uot be granted at the Court of Ordinary, t.D be held in
and for said c untv, on the first .Monday in May ne t
Given under my hand at office iu Greene boro, March 14th,
1866. EUGENIUS L. KinG.
mhl6 4wlß Ord nary.
STATE OF GEORGIA, RICHMOND COUNTY.
Whereas, Am*nd* bucamaster applies to me for Letters
01 administration on the Es'atu of Edward J Bjc-ul.u ter,
late of sail county, dece sed.
These are therefore, to cite and admonish all, and singular
the kindred and creditors of said deceaofd, to be and appear at
my office on or before the first Monday in May next, to show
cause, if any they have, why said Letters shouid not be grant
ed.
Given under my hand and official signature, at office in Au
gusta, this 6ih day of April, 1866.
ap7 4w17 DAVID L. ROATH, Ordinary.
iri EORGIA, GREENE CoUNTYT "*
Two months afterdate, to-wii: at the next June
oilheCou tot Oidinary ts said county, app iextion will le
made to s»id Court for an order to sell ail the re 1 estate of
Jesse K Battle, deceased, f>r Urn purpose of paying the debts
ol said deceased NaNOY E. BA iTeE, udm’z
rah2r» Bwi4 of Jesse ,-s lialtix.
WOTICE—
Two months alter date application will be made to the
coiiit of Ordinary, of Ri hmcud county, for leave to re'l tue
real estate belonging to the estate of E'nzt A. Bvrd, late of said
county, deceased. AMANDA C. OA KMAN,
apß Bwi6 A mmistritrix
(%fOITCE.
IXI Two months after date application will be made to the
Court of Ordinary of Richmond county ior leavn to sell the
I erßonal property belonging to th« estate ot Thomus li h mith,
deceased. JaME.S T. BuT 4 w LL.
ap7 9wl* Adini istraior
mforiOE.
iM All persons Indebted to the Estate of Thomas B
bmith, deceased, are notified to make immediate )
the undersigned ; and those having Claims against aid Es
tate are required to present them. ddyatiFSie- w.Unnihe
time prescribed by law. JAMES T. BOTH a EL'-,
at)7owl6 . Adm 11str tor.
mjUTICE.
Two months af.erdate application will be made to Hie
Honorable the Court of Ordinary ot Richmond county for
leave to sell a home and lot on Walker street, in the ci y of
Augusta, belong to the estate of diaries Aufenn r, 'ate of
said c unty deceased. ERNESTINE AUFfc KMAN,
inhl4 Bwiß AdrLinislri.ior.
Georgia, elbekt county.
Notice is hereby given 10 all persons concerned, that on
iliri —of —, .865 George E. Turman, iateoi sud county,
dcparteitliis life, intvstae, and no person lias h for
Administration ou the estate of said George E Turman, and
th tin te ms of the law, ad a iuistrtt on will hev stsj n the
Chrk • f t e .'u eriorCo irt or some other fit nnd jr >p r err on
tnir y dais a'terthe Duplication of th a el ation, u less s me
valid objection is madet»his a •r oin rmnt
Given under my hand and official signature this 22 1 of March.
1860. WM. H El»WaHd>,
Ordinary of Elbert, c ut ty,
mh9B 6w15 and Ex effleio clerk.
£«TATE OF GEORGIA, RICHMOND COUNTY.
Wheress. vvi iam A. v*alt-n mplies tj n e f r lett<rs
of Admir i tration on the Esta.e of Richard T. Moon, laic of
sui 1 county, dece»s.d:
These are, therefore, to cite and admonish, all and "ingular
the Kindred and creditors or said deceased, to b< and aj»r ear
at rny office, on or before trie first m out ay in May n xt, ti
show caUfce, if any they have, why said Letters shuuld not be
granted.
Given under my hand and official signature, at office 1q
Augusta, this Mat and ty or March, 1866
DAVID L. RO * TH.
aprl 4w15 Ordinary.
fIkIOTIOE.
Ali persons indebted to the estate of William J. Rhodes,
laie of Richmond county, deceased, are hereby no isled to
make immediate payment to the undersigned; and those Lav
lag claims against said estate are required to pr^suet them,
duly attested, within the time prevcribpa by law.
WILLIAM vw, RHODES,
JAMES W.RHODES,
apßiwl6* Executor
TATE OF GEORGIA, RICHMOND COUNTY
Whereas Th >mas w. hackleford, applies to rre for
Letters of Administration on the Estate of Enzaueth Fuller,
late of said county, decease 1:
'1 hese are, th re or**, to cile and admonish, all ands Dgular
the k indreu and creditors of said deceased, te be an.. appear at
my« fflee, on or before the firs, Mont ay in M«y n xt, t> tfr.w
cause, if any they have, why said Letters should not be grant
ed.
Diveil under my h and and official signature, at office in
Augusta, this 31st day of March, 1866.
DAVID L ROATH,
aprl 4w*6 oid.Lary.
ELLEN E. EVANS. )
vs. / Divorce.
ROBERT C. EVANS,)
The sheriff having returned
thatthe Defendant as not to be found, snd it being shown
that he is not a resident of the Slate, urde *d, Thai service
be perlected by pubiifeD’ng a copy of ibis order in or e of the
pun io gaze t-o cl Augusta, nice a m. nth lor four months,
previf u t the » ext term 01 th e c^urt.
I.iafaye’te McLaws, Clerk Superior Couit of Richmond
county, do certify that the foregoing iat ue copy r th<*
minutes of the BupeHor C, urr. ol Kith tu nd 'OUDty. April
Term, 1866. ;LAFaYETTE MoLa Wfc, Clerk, [l. a |
p2J m4m
EORGIA. ELBERT COUNTY.
VJE To a. whom it may cone, rn.—Susan E. Lovinggocd
having in proper f ,rm applied 10 me for permanent .tt rs of
administrarion on the estate of ilfred II Lovnggon, at-oi
sad county. dec°ased. tins it to cite all -rd sing . ar the ore Ti
to sand next or k n 01 fald . eceatcd. to be and appear a my
office within the time ail ,wed by law, xi.d show cuure if ar y
’ thev ciu.vhy penraaent admnis ration shoo and sot be warn
td to S;fcan E 'Lovicgod on Alfred H. Lovirggood’s e ta e.
Witnc.-s roy hand and official signature April 2ith •
api94wlli W. il. EDWaROS, OrciLaiy.
G 1 EORGIA, ELBERT COUNTY*
f To ail whom it may concernDczifr J.
ha u i a.lngfn proper ler app’id to me f< r p.rma- ent i. tters
ofa n.m.sHa'im on the eita eor Jorhua Ite of
baid county this li to cite all a-d m.gu a- the creditor aud
u'x of kin of suio decta-ed to be aad appear at m • mce
within ihe time allowed r>v I - w. and 8f ow c .use, if u r y*l ey
can, why p>'ma'.eu r adrrii i tra'ion should not be granted to
■ail Loiier J. on said Joshua A, Neima’e?-
Wltnrss my Laud and official signature this 24ih day of
April. 1856 WM. H. EuWA Da.
ap294 -19 < 'ruinary;
OTATE OF GEORGIA RICHMOND COUNTY.
O Whereas,-Mat 1 a Bugg applies io me for let'erscf ad
ministration on the estate of Jtase Bugg, -ate or saij county,
deceased:
The.seare,therefore,to cite and admonish all and singular the
kindred and creditors of said deceased, to be and appear atmy
office, on or befoie the first Mo day in June hex, to shew
cause,if any they have, why said lettersahould not begrai.t.d.
Given under my hand ana official signature, at office, iu
Augusta, this cOih day .o i April, 1866
DAVID L.KO*TH,
mayl 4w20 Ordicury.
Sale of City Property.
Georgia. Richmond county.
By virtue o f an order of the Court of Ord : of said
county, viil besold atpub k-o-t ry, on the flret Tuftday in
•>ul? next, at tb^- miiket tousi in the cit ot Augusta,
between 'h? usual hours of sale, the dwel ing anc ot, No bJ
on north si e Bioal street, iu-t l-e.cw the «aete n ena of tne
lower market— la;eiy Ihe i evidence and property o» Mrs. Anna
Shewmake, dceewetl. Term, mKyfHAK]t ,
ap-28 ii&lw AOm'r.