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OLD SERIES, VOL. LXXVI.
Chronicle & dentine!.
J i i:\nv niooimt,
a. it. wmoirr.
TIiUMSOKSI BSUtIITION.
WEEKLY.
AUGI.’STA, GA :
WEDNESDAY MOKXI.VU, FEBRUARY 20.
Guano.
The following article; which we clij. from
the February number of the Maryland
Farmer, is a portion of “An Essay on Ma
nuri , and their Application.” by .Simeon
Brown k Joseph Reynolds, M. D., of Con
cord, Mu .s&cbusetts. The subject is one
which, just now, is engaging much thought
amon;' the Southern planter.-. We think
that we can do that class of our readers no
letter service than by laying this essay
somewhat in full before them.
Guano has been more extensively used
a- a special fertilizer than any other, per-’
haps than all others. It consists of the
excrement and exuviu of birds dropped
upon the ,-aine spot through long periods
of time. The birds select some island of
the ocean where their favorite food abounds,
congregate upon it in vast numbers, and
therp ra>r young. XUgisjil«o their.
pla*J isy-dav an I night, cow*
sequence is that all iheir droppings,
when they are not upon the wing,
Idi upon the same place, fiong be
fore the keel of any vessel divided the
waters of the vast Pacific, or the foot of
man trod upon its islands, these birds were
collecting their food from its prolific
bosom, perpetuating their kind, and adding
layer upon layer of their excrement, until
onto of them are now vast accumulations
of guano, twenty, forty, or sixty feet in
depth. It is calculated that the deposits
"Git in south and middle Peru amount to
more than twenty millions of tons. The
best guano is found in those tropical lati
tudes where it seldom or never rains. This
vast mass, however, is not entirely com
posed of the digested droppings of the
birds. (t, contains also feathers, bones,
and the animal matter which comes from
the decay of the birds themselves. The
great difference in the results obtained from
the analysis of different samples of guano
indicates that age, exposure, and other
circumstances greatly affect its properties.
Found guano contains a large amount of
ammoniaeal salts as well as phosphates. In
birds, the secretions of the kidneys, as well
as the intestines, are carried into the
cloaca, where they become mixed and
combined. The food of the sea-fowl, which
prim es this substance, is almost wholly
fish, on which account their excrement is
much richer in nitrogen than that of birds
or animals that feed on vegetable food. Its
value depends essentially on liiis fact.
COMPOSITION OF GUANO.
Professor Norton gives the composition
of a few leading varieties in tlio following
ihPK I ;
v • 1 toSS, 1 SfSTV ■*!*?
1 1 >to 7 | rr.ioiu | ’sstoß9™'
Ol'ill'ii | I-It"!* j mt" a; j
This, it is evident nt a glance, is an ex
tremely rich manure; the quantities of
aiiimoiiiaeal walls ami of phowplmles are
remarkably large. Tlio leliaboe guano
contains much more wutorthan the others,
because the climate in that region is not
so dry as on the westooasl of South A nori- !
ea. It Is also more decomposed, giving !
usually a stronger smell of ammonia, i
The l’aeiiie guanos have very litllo stpoll i
ol ammonia, but if they are mixed with a i
little qtiieklimo and gently heated, tlio I
odor becomes extremely pungent.
More recent importations are from two |
islands in the Pacitie discovered byAmeri- j
cans, and called Maker and .larvis islands.
ivNays jAiipig, “ The guanos from these |
VSlntulS are distinguished 'from others by 1
their acid reaction iiiWl greater solubility. !
They contain only a small quantity of |
Mlbstanees containing nitrogen, no uric '
acid, and small proportions of nitric acid,
potash, magnesia, and ammonia. The !
Maker's island guano contains as much as
eighty per cent., the Jarvis thirty-three or
four per cent, of phosphate of lime. The
latter has forty-four per cent, of gypsum.
These guanos approach nearest in their
composition to bonedust. Their condition
enables the farmer who wishes to acceler
ate tlu-ir action, to convert them into
superphosphate, by the addition of from
twenty to twenty-live per cent, of their
weight of concentrated sulphuric acid.
According to an analysis by Voelker,
one pound of guano was found to be equal
to titty pounds of farm-yard manure, and
that it contains those elements in the most
concentrated form, and permits tlio appli
cation of t hem to the field more convenient
ly than farm-yard manure, as it may often
lie dona after putting in tl* seed.
Tin' tlitlenmee bi'twoon the Peruvian and
Mexican ifuanns is, Unit the former cou
liiins a larger proportion of the nmnionin
eal salts and tin' latter a larger proportion
of the phosphates. Tho especial value of
llio former may bo scon in tho increase of
tho straw and culms in grain and grass ;
while tho value* of the latter is manifested
in the increased volume and plumpness of
tho grain and seeds. Tho high prices at
which tho guanos have been hold for the
past few years have greatly diminished
their use in this country. At a reasonable
price they might be used to great profit on
our partially exhausted soils, especially
when used in combination with carbona
ceous matters. If good guano can bo fur
nished at the seaports at Irem forty to tifty
dollars per ton, it would find an extensive
demand. It is capable of increasing, un
der judicious application, the crops of
grain, potatoes, and grass at least thirty
throe p; r cent. Owing to its comparative
cleanliness and facility of application, it is
peculiarly suited to horticultural and floral
improvement.
lint guano is shamefully adulterated,
and the farmer not only frequently loses
the money ho pays for it, but loses his !
labor, the use of his land, and the crop
which ought to grow upon it. Professor !
Johnston mentions an in-omee of four
vessels which sailed from Kuglish ports, ■
ballasted with plaster of l’aris intended |
for admixture witii the guano when the ,
vessels were loaded at the islands. Another i
favorite material for adulteration is umber,
* that in some cases tho fiymer gets
fifteen hundred pounds of umber to the I
toil, and only five hundred potin Is of
guano. In order to protect tho purchaser!
from such outrageous impositions, iho i
Professor gives the following as tests :
Ist. The drier the better : there is less j
water to pay for and transport.
2<). Tho lighter the color the better ; it is
not so completely decomposed.
od. It (ms not a strong animoniaoal
smell, it ought to give off such a smell
w hen a spoonful of it is mixed with a
spoonful of quicklime in a glass.
4th. When put into a tumbler with
water and well stirred, and the water and
tine matter p,Hired od, it ought to leave
lit do sand or stones.
What is the ctlect of guano upon crops?
In the first place, it is permanent? The
popular notion is that it is not: but we
think it must extend to two crops, because
if its amtnoniacal salts arc nearly exhauxt
e 1 the first year the prosphatos will con
tinue to act lvvo;nl one year. Professor
Johnston says guano very much resem
bles bones in its composition, and as bones
are known to benefit crops in nq entire
rotation, guano ought to do the same. The
chief di(Terence between nones and guano
is this: that, the guano contains ammonia
:va.:fotincd, or forming, so to speak,-
while the bones contain gelatine, which '
terms ammonia only during putrefaction.
Th-- ammoniacal part of the one, therefore,
w ill act early : of the other, after a longer
period, while the permanent effects of the
remaining ingredients of both will be very
much alike. The guanos, then, having the
most ammonia will have the greatest
present effect, while those having a larger
amount of the phosphates will In* the most
permanent. Nearly all tho authorities we
liave consulted agree in the conclusion that
three or four hundred pounds of pure
guano is worth as much as fourteen to
eighteen loads of ordinary manure. An
instance of its energy is suited by Professor
Norton, where eight hundred pounds being
- at upon an acre of turnips, they all grew
lo tops and produced no bulbs. Kvi.ii the
succeeding crop of wheat was so rank in
:;s growth that tlie grain was miserable, j
lion. Marshall P. Wilder, well known to j
the country as one ot the leading pomolo- j
.-isis applied eight linndrevi pounds per |
I,.and harvested from it sixteen hun-|
dred' bushels of carrots. The following |
statements. were communicated to us
several vears since by l v u\ id Mosely,
K-i of' Westtieid. ..Massaeiiusetts. Mr.
Moscly is a thrifty, observing farmer, who
manages his estate with singular ability
and success Ho sav-s New Kngland
I nrun r, vol. 8, p. 25?! that three hundred
jKiunds of guano, in one instance, increased
the crop of corn fifteen bushels per acre :
that in another jS3 worth of guano gave
a profit iif 877 : that in a third instance he
manured a field of seven acres with fifteen
cart-loads of good stable manure, and on
five acres of it sowed oik* hundred and
fifty pounds of guano per acre. The por
tion on which the guano was put yielded
twenty three bushels per aero more than
the remainder of the field, lu a fourth in
steiice he sowed two hundred and fifty
pounds per acre, which increased the crop
twenty bushels an acre, aud it was leu or
t w elvi-jdayßearlier foriheguano. He further
states that three hundred pounds have
given him more bushels of potatoes than
tw enty loads of manure.
WHO AND WHEN TO APPLY OUANO.
Ist. As we liave already stated, guano is
best applied in damp or showery weather.
2d. It should be put on grass lands in
April. ‘
yd. W m-n applied to land just ploughed,
it -liould be immediately mixed with the
by brushing it with birches or other bushes.
4th. When grain is sowed early in the
od to be applied should be then used, but
the baiaip-e should be put on in the spring.
If the whole is applied in the fait the grain
sometimes becomes too luxuriant and is
liable to Ijo injured by the frosts.
sth. Guano should no applied with refer
ence to. the present crop only,and uot with
the purpose of lienefitiiyr succeeding crops.
Util. </nano, before application, should
bo mixed with live or six times its weight
of charcoal, tine soil, or dried muck. We
once caused four tons of Peruvian guano
to 1/e spread upon a floor and mixed with
six times its weight of line black muck.in
layers of the two articles. After it had re
mained in this condition two weeks, it was
overhauled and the pile evened up aiul
covered with clean muck.® The same ope
ration was repeated in two weeks more.
At planting lime, two or three weeks after
'thesecond overhauling, it was shovelled
into carts, taken into the held, and a
moderate handful thrown into each hill.
The com not appearing in due time, ex
amination was made into its condition,
when it was tound that most of the kernels
had sprouted,-but as toon as the tender
germ had reached the guano it perish- and.
Os the .sixteen acres to which it was ap
plied not a tenth part of the corn came up.
(fur next conclusion, therefore, is—
7tij. That guano should on no account
be allowed to come in contact with the
seed. •
A conmiilon oT planters was held in
Selina, Ala., on the 4th inst,, tolnaugurate
measures for the promotion of immigra
tion into that-State. The following bill,
to he laid before the Legislature, was
drafted by a Committee and adopted as
the sense of the Convention.
A Committee, consisting of Judge B. F.
Saffuld, Col. W. M. Smith, Col. L. B.
Bay, and B. M. Y\ ooisey were appointed
to lay the bill before the Legislature, and
urge its adoption :
/.v it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the Mate of Alabama, in
(icticral Assembly convened, —
See. J. Be it enacted, That upon tlie ap
pearance of any part y or parties before tlie
(lonmiissioner’s Court, of any county in
the State of Alabama, by petition setting
forth that lie or they desire to procure the
iin ini'; rut ion into the State of Alabama, ol*
persons as laborers from any section or
country whatever, and offering a bond
payable to said Court, with good and
sufficient security to pay all expenses in
cident to bringing tho said persons into
said State, and to receiveand employ them
when so brought, it shall bo the duty of the
Probate Judge, and lie is hereby em
powered to pledge to the State of Alabama
the credit of said county for the amount of
money that tnay be necessary to pay the
expenses incident to tlie immigration of
said party.
See. 2. Be it further enacted, That upon
tlio reception of said certificate of the
Judge of Probate of any county, it shall bo
the duty of the (Jovernor of the State to is
sue his warrant on the Treasurer for said
sum in favor of tho Judge qt Probate of
said county, who shall pay the same to the
<lominissionor of 1 numeration resident at
Montgomery, and furnish him with a
written statement of' the party or parties
desiring to procure the laborers, the point
or points at which they are to bo delivered,
and all other information necessary to
enable him toknow how to dispose of them
on their arrival.
See. !!. Be it enacted, That it shall be the
duty of the (iovernor to appoint three
Commissioners to be called Commissioners
of Immigration for tlie State of Alabama,
who shall give bond with good and suffi
cient security for the faithful discharge) of
their duties, one of whom shall reside at
Montgomery, Ala., one at Mobile, Ala.,
and one at such point to bo indicated by
tho Governor as may be deemed most
suitable for procuring and forwarding Im
migrants.
* Sec. 4. lie it enacted, That the Commis
sioner resident at Montgomery shall attend
to the reception and forwarding of alt
orders for immigrants, the reception and
disbursinent of all funds furnished by the j
State on the certificate of the Probate !
Judge of any county and the reception and i
providing for.all immigrants and the de- j
livery of them to the parties ordering them ;
on the certificate of the J utlge of Probate of j
the county in which he lias given bond \
that lie lias complied with the terms of said ;
bond. .
tree. 5. Bq.it enacted, That the Commis
sioner at Mobile shall attend to ihe recap- j
tion of the immigrants, at, that point, ;
provide for them while there, and forward I
them to their points of destination as i
rapidly as possible, and shall render to I
tho Commissioner at Montgomery such
assistance as he may require in the dis
charge of his duties.
Sue. (i. lie it enacted, That the Foreign
Commissioner shall attend to tho reception
of all orders for immigrants, their procure
ment, arrange for their 1 runsportutiou to
Mobile and do all other tilings necessary
to enable them to reach their destination.
See. 7. Be it enacted, That.said Commis
sioners shall lie paid for their services as
aforesaid (lie sum ol dollars per annum
to the Commissioners at Montgomery atul
Mobile, and of dollars per annum to
the Foreign Commissioner.
See. H.m/lc it enacted, That said Commis
sioners shall keep an exact account of all
moneys by them received and paid out,
and make a lull report of all their actings
and doings annually to tlio Governor of
tlio State.
The Tenure of Office Dili.
The bill to regulate tlie tenure of office,
as passed by the Senate, is in the follow
ing language:
Be, it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of
America, in Congress assembled. That
every person, excepting the Secretaries oi
State, of the Treasury, of War, of tho Navy,
and of the Interior, tho Post-master Gen
eral, and the Attorney General, holding
any civil office to which he has been up
pointed by and with the advice and con
sent of tlio Senate, and every person who
shall hereafter bo appointed to any such
office, and shall become duly qualified to
act therein, is, and shall be entitled to hold
I such office until liis successor shall have
, been in like manner appointed and duly
qualified, except os herein otherwise pro
, vide.l.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That
when any officer appointed as aforesaid,ox- j
copting judges of the Uniter! States Courts,
and excepting those specially excepted in
section one of ihis act, shall, during a
recess of the Senate, be shown by evidence
satisfactory to the President to bo guilty of ;
misconduct in office, or crime, or for any
reason shall become incapable or legally ;
disqualified to perform its duties, in such
ease, and in no other, the President may
suspend such officer, and designate some
suitable person to perform temporarily the
duties of such office until the next meet
ing of the Senate, and until the case shall
be acted upon by tho Senate, and such per
son,-. so designated shall take the oaths and
give Hie bonds required bv law to be taken
and given by tho person duly appointed to
fill such office; and in such case it shall be
the duty of the President within twenty
days after the first day of such next meet
ing of tho Senate, to report to the Senate
such suspension, with the evidence and
reasons tor his action in the case, and the
nameof the person so designated to perform
the duties of such otliee, and if the Senate
shall concur in such suspension, and ad
vise ami consent to the removal of such
otlieer, they shall no certify to the Presi
dent, w ho may thereupon remove such of
ficer, and by and w itli the advice and cott
sentoftlic Senate, appoint another person
to suelv office. But if the Senate shall
refuse to concur in such suspension, such
otlieer so suspended shall forthwith resume
the functions of his office, and the powers
of the person so performing its duties in
his stead shall cease, and the official salary
and emoluments of such officer? shall,
during such suspension, belong to the per
son so performing the duties thereof, and
•
however, that the President, in ease he
shall become satisfied that such susjx*nsion
w as made on insufficient grounds, shall be
authorized at any time before reporting
such suspension to the Senate, as above
• provided, to revoke such suspension, and
reinstate such otlieer in the performance of
the duties of his otliee.
Sec. 3. Ami be it further enacted. That
the President shall have power to fill all
vacancies which may happetf during the
recess of the Senate'by death or
resignation, by granting commissions
which shall expire at the end.of their next
s, ason thereafter. And if no appointment,
lie and w;ta the a tvive and consent of the
Senate, shall tie made : -i sucj} office so
vacant or temporarily filled, as aforesaid,
daring such next session of the Senate,
such office shall remain in abevanee,
without any salary, fees or emoluments
attach.xi there;,., until i! le sane* shall be
filled l>\ appointment thereto, py and with
the advice and consent 'of the Senate and
during all such tinte all the powers and
duties belonging to such office shall be
exercise iby such other officer as mav, by
• AW, exercise such powers and duties in
case ot a vacancy in such office.
S B> h -Tad be it further enacted. That i
nothing ia tli Is ;u-i contained shall bo con
strued io extend the term of any otliee,
tho duration of which is limited bv law.
See. 5. Amt be it further enacted. That
if any person shall, contrary to the pro
\ isious ot this act, accept of any appoint
ulonl to, or employment i:i any office, or
shail hold or exercise, or attempt to hold
or exercise, any such office or employ
ment, he shall b * deemed and is hereby
declared guilty of a high misdemeanor,
and upon trial and conviction thereof he
shah lie punished therefor by a fine not
exceeding flo.txio, or by imnrisoument no:
exceeding five years, or liy both of the
said punishments, in the discretion of the
eourt.
Sc*. 6. And be U, further enacted. That
every appointment or employment made
had, or exercised contrary hi the provis
ions of this act, and the making, signing,
sealing, couutersiguing, or issuing of auv
commission or letter of authority for, or in
respect to any such appointment or em
ployment, shall be deemed, and are hereby
declared to Is; high misdemeanors, and,
tipon trial and conviction thereof, shail be
punished by a fine not exceeding SIO,OOO,
or by imprisonment not exceeding five
years', or both.; said punishment at the
discretion of the court.
Sec. 7. . 1 ad be it further enacted. That it
shall be tjia duty of the Secretary of the
Senate at the close of each session thereof,
to deliver to the Secretary of the Treasury,
and to each of his assistants, und to each
of the auditors, and to each of the comp
trollers in the treasury, acd-tothe treasur
er and register of the treasury, a full and
complete list, duly certified, of ail the per
sons' who shall have been nominated to
and rejected by the Senate during such
session, and a like list*of all the officers to
which nominations shall have been made,
ami not confirmed and filled at such ses
a: Pro b ed. That the President shall.
Lave power to make and deliver, after the
adjournment of the Senate, commissions
for all officers whose appointments have
been advised and consented to by the Sen-
Sec. 8, And be it further-enacted, That
whenever the President shall, without the
advice and consent of the. Senate, designate
auctijßOthorize or employ any person to
P'-rform the duties of any office, he shail
forth with notify the Secretary of the Treas
ury thereof, and it shall be the duty of the
Secretary of the Treasury thereupon to
communicate such notice to all proper ac
counting and disbursing officers of his de
partment.
Sec. t). And be it farther enacted, That
no money shall be paid or received from
the treasury, or paid or received from or
returned out of any public moneys or
funds of the United States, whether in the
treasury or not, t0, 2 0r by, or for the Itcnc
tit of any person appointed tojsr authorized
the provisions of flits act, rior shall any"
claim, account, voucher, or other instru
ment, providing for or relating to such
payment, receipt, or retention, be present
cd, passed, allowed, approved, certified or
paid by any officer of the United States or
by awy person exercising tho function, or
performing duties of any office or place of
trust under tho United States, for or in
respect to such office, or the exercising or
pierforming the funetions'or duties thereof.
And every person who shall violate any Os
the provisions of this section shall be
deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and,
upon trial and conviction thereof, shall bo
punished therefor by a line not exceeding
SIO,OOO, or by imprisonment not exceeding
ten years, or botli of the said punishments
at the discretion of the court.
England—The Queen’s Speech.
London, February 5. — The following is
the speech made by the Queen at the
openingof the Imperial Parliament to-day:
My Lords: In again recurring to your
advice and assistance lam happy to inform
you that my relations with foreign powers
are on a friendly and satisfactory footing.
1 hope that the war in which Prussia,
Austria and Italy have been engaged may
lead to the establishment of a durable
pieaec in Europe.
I have suggested to the Government of
the United States a mode by which the
questions pending between the two coun
tries, arising out of the civil war, may re
ceive an amicable solution, and which, met
as I trust it will he in a corresponding
spirit, will remove all grounds of possible
misunderstanding and promote relations of
cordial friendship.
The war between Spain and the repub
lics of Chile and Peru still continues, the
good offices of my government, in conjunc
tion with that of the Emperor of the
French, having failed to effect a reconcili
ation. If either by agreement between the
parties themselves, or by the mediation of
any other friendly power, peace should be
restored, the objects which I have had in
view will be equally attained.
Tho discontent prevailing in some of the
provinces of the Turkish empire has broken j
out in actual insurrection in Crete. In j
common with my allies, the Emperor ol j
the French and the Emperor of Russia, I
have abstained from any actual interference j
in these internal disturbances, but joint
efforts have been directed to bringing about |
improved relations between the Porto and
its Christian subjects, not inconsistent with
the sovereign rights of the Sultan.
The protracted negotiations which arose
out of the acceptance of Prince Charles of
1 lohenzollern of the sovereigntyship of the
Danubian Principalities, have been happily
terminated by an arrangement which has
been sanctioned by the concurrence of all I
the powers signatories of the treaty of i
1855. ■ . i
Resolutions in favor of a more intimate ;
union of the provinces of Canada, Nova
Scotia, aud Ncv T Brunswick, have been
passed by their several Legislatures, and
delegates duly authorized, and representing
all classes of colonial party and. opinions,
have concurred in the conditions upon
which such an union maybe best effected
in accordance with their wishes. A bill
will be submitted to you, which, by the
consolidation of colonial interests and re
sources, will give strength to the sovereign
provinces as members of the same empire,
and animated by feelings of loyalty to the
same sovereign.
I have heard with deep sorrow that the
calamity of famine pressed heavily on my
subjects in some parts of India. Instruc
tions were issued to my government in
that country to make the utmost cxertiohs
to mitigate the distress which prevailed
during the autumn of last year. The
blessing of an abundant harvest has since
that time improved the condition of the
suffering districts.'
The persevering efforts and unscrupulous
assertions of treasonable conspirators have,
during the last autumn, excited the hopes
of some disaffected persons in Ireland, and
th| apprehensions of the loyal population,
but the firm and temperate exercise of the
powers entrusted to the.executive, and the
hostility manifested against the conspiracy
by men of all classes and creeds, have
greatly tended to restore public confi
dence, and have rendered hopeless any at
tempt to disturb the general tranquility. 1
trust that you will consequently V' enabled
to dispense with the continuance of any
exceptional legislation of that part of my
dominions.
I acknowledge with deep thankfulness
to Almighty God tho great decrease which
has taken place in the cholera and in the
pest which lias attacked our cattle. But
the continued prevalence of the latter in
sbme foreign country, and its occasional
reappearance in this, will render necessary
some special measures of precaution ; and \
1 trust that the visitation of tho ibjjner -
will lead to increased attention to the sani
tary measures which experience has shown ,
to he the best preventive. Estimating, as
of the highest importance, an adequate sup- j
ply of pure and wholesome water, I have j
directed the issue of a commission to in
quire into the best means of permanently
securing such a supply for the metropolis
and for the principal towns in the densely
peopled districts of the kingdom.
Gentlemen of the House bfCommcns :
I have directed the estimates for the ensu
ing year to be- laid before you. They have
been prepared with a due regard to econo
my aud the requirements of the public
service. You will, I am assured, give
your ready assent to a moderate expendi
ture calculated to improve the condition of
my soldiers and to lay the foundation of an
efficient army of reserve.
My Lords and Gentlemen: Your at
tention will again be called to the state of
the representation of the population in
Parliament, and 1 trust that your delibera
tions, conducted in a spirit of moderation
and mutual forbearance, may load to the
adoption of measures which, without un
due disturbance of the balance of political
power, shall freely extend the elective
franchise.
The frequent occurrence of disagree
ment between the employers of labor and
their workmen, causing much private
Suffering and public loss, aud occasionally
leading, as alleged, to acts of outrage and
violence, has induced me to issue a com
mission to inquire into and report upon the
organization of trades unions and other
societies, whether ot workmen or _ employ
ers, with power to suggest any improve
ment of the laws for their own benefit.
Application will be made to you for par
liamentary powers which will be necessary
to make ' this inquiry effective. I have
directed bills to be laid before you for the
extension to other trades of the beneficial
provisions of the laetory acts especially
ro ported by the Koval Commission on the
employment of children and for the better
regulation, according to the principle of
those acts, of workshops where women
and children are largely employed.
The condition of the mercantile marine
has attracted my serious Com
plaiuts are made that the supply of seamen
1 is deficient, and the provision _ for their
health and discipline on board ship are im
i perfect. Measures will be submitted to
you with a view to increase, the efficiency
of this important service.
1 have observed with satisfaction the
relaxation recently introduced into the
navigation laws of France. I have express
■ ed to the Emperor my readiness to sub
mit to Parliament a pioposal for the ex
tinction on equi table terms of the exemp
tion from local charges on shipping which
•ire still enjoyed by a limit.-d . number of
individuals in British ports, and have in
anticipation of this step already admitted
British ships to the advantages of the new
; law. A bill upon this subject will forth
with lie laid before you.
A bill will also be submitted to you for
1 making better provision for the arrange-
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 20, 1867.
ment of the affairs of railway Companies
which are unable to meet engagements..
Measures will be submitted to you for im
proving the management of the sick and
other poor in the metropolis, and for a re
distribution of some of the changes for re
lief therein.
Your attention will also be called to the
amendment ol the law of bankruptcy, to
the consolidation of the courts of Probate,
and Divorce, and Admiralty, and to the
means of disposing with greater dispatch
and' frequency of the increasing business
in the superior courts of common law and
at the Assizes.
The relations between landlord and ten
ant in Ireland have engaged my attention,
and a bill will be laid before you which,
without interfering with the rights of prop
erty, will offer direct encouragement to oc
cupiers of land to improve their buildings,
and provide a simple mode of obtaining
compensation-for permanent improvement
I commend to your careful consideration
these and other measures which will be
brought before you, and I pray that your
labcfrs may. under the blessing, of Provi
dence, conduce to the prosperity of the
country and the happiness of my people.
Orchards and Nurseries In Georgia.
: A distinguished literary gentleman, of
\ Sqjuh Carolina, who is a large land-owner
| and an earnest advocate of improvement,
writes the Charleston Courier as follows:
“One of my; personal objects, my dear
Courier, taking my present ramble, in
spite of bad weather, and a wintery pros
pect ®f ?ce, sleet and snow —all of which I
Redmond, whom 1 had favorably known
many years ago, ns a successful farmer —
famous, indeed, for his nurseries and or
chards. You, too, no doubt, have enjoyed
frequent intercourse with him, through
the pages of the Southern ('ultivator , an
excellent magazine of agriculture, which,
for a long time, he edited with rare ability.
“I had first known him through this
magazine. Subsequently, he became per
sonally known to me at Reddvffe, the beau
tiful seat of the late Senator Hammond, on
the Savannah River.
“Here I was greatly interested ia his
conversation in regard to tlie grape and
fruit culture in general of our Southern
country, and it occurred to me then that
this culture would afford one method, at
least, for diversifying the employments of
our agricultural population—the' necessity
for which diversification being felt by no
person more fully tliap myself.
The results of tho war have rendered
this neeessty more obvious and imperative
than ever. I regard all hopes of success
fully employing negro labor —now that he
is. a freedman—as idle, and in antagonism
with, the very nature of things. So, at
least, in South Carolina, without consider
ing- the cast? of other States. While money
is still to be. made by the cultivation of
cotton, he will be drawn off to those more
virgin soils, which can better compensate
labor, by its larger production, and while
the Freedman’s Bureau shall continue to
exist, no matter under what management,
it will always exercise such a pernicious in
fluence over the negro, as to embarrass the
proprietor and employer, and baffle all his
best efforts at successful working.
At all events it becomes, obvious to me
that there would be a certain term of
abeyance, from five to seven years, from
the period, in brief, when the exodus of the
negroes from our territory shall be com
pleted, or nearly so, to that indefinite pe
riod when foreign immigration in great
numbers shall re-supply the labors of the
country.
In the meantime my lands must not, if
possible, lie idle, nor must I waste time and
money in. a struggle which I felt to bo
fruitless, in a vain effort to persuade Coffee
to work honestly for his living, even though
his labors should put some money into my
pocket.
I conceived the idea, accordingly 7, of go
ing into the fruit culture ; or, at all events,
paving the way, and preparing for it. I
had large fields, some of them old and
worn, and I well knew the virtue of trees
in the matter of recuperating lands. I
had been taught to know that nothing bet
ter could be done with these old fields
than to plant them with “Clinton” and
“Scuppernong” vineyards, and “Man
gum” and “Shockley” ' apple orchards.
I knew what fine peaches grew everywhere
aboqt ( me, even with very little care and
attention; and I also knew that apples had
flourished, in contiguous grounds, under
my own eyes, of a quality which would
not discredit the .orchards of New Jersey ;
or New York.
Satisfied that the “worn-out” (?) and
gullied hillsides of our middle country are
available, in high degree, for fruit culture,
I resolved upon the experiment, not for
the pleasure of' the thing— not for the
mere restoration of.tho hind—but with
the view toultflnate and large returns of
profit. I had seen enough to know that
large fortunes, indeed, are to be found in
this pursuit by energetic and enterprising
young men; and, perhaps, it is only a be
coming duty with an old otic like myself to
help point out the way. Indeed, to use
the language of an old and experienced
cultivator, addressing myself, “You can
hardly speak too confidently of tho fruit
growing capacities of the upland and mid
dle regions of the South, oi of the profits
of the business, whenever it is properly
carried on, It requires far less capital and
far less labor than any other business pro
ducing like results.” And, iti our equal
loss of capital and labor, this is the very
sort of occupation which commends itself
conspicuously to our favor and attention.
In the culture of the fruit, per sc, which
is the raw productions, you have also, be
it remembered, not only the inferior art,
but the employments which follow upon
tho footsteps of production, which are
sources of higher profits still, while they
afford more various employments to enter
prise and art. There is the manufacture
of the fruits into wine, -brandy, cider,
vinegar, Ac., all opening wide avenues
and fields to successful industry and in
tellectual ingenuity 7.
Following these manufactures, there arc
others still, which are suggested by recent
applications of art and science, such as the
drying, desiccation and canning of fruits
and vegetables, employments which re
quire care rather than capital, aud nice
manipulation rather than labor. It is
enough to make the general suggestion,
without going into detail, of these several
employments, as necessarily following upon
the successful cultivation of orchards and
vineyards.
Having thus stated, as briefly as possi
ble, the views by which I was governed in
making my visit to Georgia, and the
opinion which I entertain with regard to
the susceptibilities of our soil and climate,
as well as the social necessities which press
upon us some vital changes in our indus
trial policy—it only remains to me to make
a similarly condensed report of “the Geor
gia Nursery” of Mr. Kedmond.
At “Forrest Station,” some sixteen
miles from Augusta, on the Georgia Rail
road. in that very picturesque and beauti
ful region known popularly as the “Bine
Hills of Georgia," I found Mr. Redmond
awaiting me. A walk of a few moments
took me to his cottage, which is plcasantlv
situated in the midst of grounds and
garden, all in flourishing condition, and,
under his thrifty industry and good taste,
undergoing daily improvements.
Here I was hospitably entertained
during my brief visit of a couple of days.
I strolled all the time when we had day
light, through his extensive tracts under
cultivation, and studied the plan of the
grounds, the mode of culture, the varieties
of fruit, foreign as well as native, and got
as much instruction from the proprietor as
could be well digested in the time allowed
me.
Mr. Redmond, as perhaps you know, is i
extensively engaged in the nursery prepa- i
nation, and orchard planting of all our j
leading fruits—making the Apple, the j
Grape and the Strawberry in particular the j
objects of his special attention. Os the i
latter delicious iruit alone he sells large :
quantities, during the season, to the city j
of Augusta, and by his mode of cultiva
tion ho commands a succession of crops
from the same beds, during ail the months
when they eati possibly grow. His nursery
grounds cover numerous broad acres , j
and, in addition to the Apple, Peach,
Plum, Cherry, Apricot, Nectarine. Quince,
Grape and other well-known fruits, I was
pleased to see growing thriftily in the open
air, the Olive, the Jujube, the Pome
granate, Fig, and other semi-tropical
plants 3nd trees. The Chinese Tea plant
—tried successfully as you will remember,
at Greenville, by the late Dr. Smith —also
flourishes here, under the judicious man
agement of Mr. Kedmond, who toils me
that it is also cultivated successfully now
in other portions of Georgia, as well as the
Carolinas : and counsels- that it receive
the increasing attention of our people. He
thinks that it will well reward their cul
ture’of it.
On look " .t over Mr. Redmond’s collec
tion of young trees —ail of which seem
handsomely grown and vigorous—l was
struck with the preponderating numbers
of his Apple tree?, especially of the num
ber of the varieties'of Southern or purely
notice ori-in. It is the opinion of Mr.
K. that the apple is the surest of our fruit
trees, and may be more depended on than
any other ; and that our native varieties
re the only sorts upon whjph we can 'de
; pend for our fall and Punter supplies.
It is upon* this point, T. fear, that our
land-owners still continue' in the dark.
Many of them, I have found, even among
well informed and otherwise intelligent men,
who suppose our be unsuited
to the production of hit -keeping apples.
They are, according to Mr. K., not aware of
' the trulv delicious quality Os such -
as the "Mangum,” the “Bachelor,” & c .,-
i and of the long-kctping properties ot the'
"Shockley, the “Stephenson," "lutes,”
“Nickajack” and others.
It is greatly 7 needed that our public
: presses should, now especially, take every
occasion to bring their readers to a pro
per knowledge of the facts which.are made
known to us by the. several distinguished
propagators of fruit in-our country, among
: whom I may name, along with Mr. lled
mond, William Summer, of Pomaria,
whose admirable nursery has furnished so
mdny thousand cultivators —and Messrs.
I an Buren, Y* hite, Berckman, and others,
of Georgia. These gentlemen have not
: only taught, but shown conclusively, of
what, in the way of fruit and. vegetable
productions, our climate and. soil are sus
ceptible. As they teach, it is our equal
; duty and necessity to “read, mark, learn,”
—and, fruit: being the - .bjeet—-“inwardly
I digest.” The publish . writings of all
; these gentlemen are av table to our use,
and the nurseries and Or-, \ards which they
Lave severally 7 aud succes-fully established,'
are so many living, beautiful and profitable
examples, to prompius in tlie endeavor to
do likewise.
Mr. Redmond tells, me that lie has dis
carded entirely from his dUalogue, as well
(wibtTn! varietresm fruit, retaining tno./ft
only which lie has proved to-,, be tbe very
best, and such only as has been thoroughly
tested in the South. These he propa
gates largely to supply the public w 7 ant and
for his own purposes, as fie is even now
engaged in planting out a large area in
orchard and vineyard. An eclectic nursery
is one of the needs of our country, and it
is this need which Mr. 11. particularly
designs to meet and supply. He starts
under fair and favoring auspices.
The long list of mere names cf fruits in
Northern catalogues, serve only to confuse
and mislead young beginners, and Should
be discouraged among all honest and able
Pomologists, as partaking of tint charla
tanism which brings proper arts sometimes
to discredit. Asa general rule, Southern
seeding fruit trees should always be pre
ferred by our people, who should also
carefully avoid the too common error of
planting too many varieties. I procured
from Mr. li. a few choice varieties which
1 name here, for the benefit of tliisc who
concur with me in the use to whiih I pro
pose to appropriate my old fieds. He
recommended to me, among other Apples,
the lied Astrachan, the Kentucky Queen,
the Mangum, the Bachelor end the
Shockley.
Os Bears—the Madeline, Bartlet, Belle
Lucratives and Duehcsse.
Os Peaqhes--Halo’s Early, the Titlot
son, Early Crawford, Chinese Cling,
George the IV., Wilson’s.Septemher Nix’s
Late, Cherry’s November.
Os Grapes—the Clinton, Concorl and
Scuppernong.
Os Strawberries —the Wilson’s Afiany,
Longworth’s Prolific, and Tromphk de
Gand.
I trust our thousand young friends vho
possess old fields, but no hands to wtrk
them, and no capital sufficiently large with
which to engage in ihe more expensive
labors of the past, will heedfully consider
what I have written. Let me renew mj
warning condition of abeyance in
a comparative state of prostration will, in
all probability, continue for seven years.
It is our seven years of famine! We must
not lose this time either to our lands or
ourselves. Wc must colonize the land with
fruit trees. We must farm colonics of our
own people in favorite centres, and try
what can be done for the-renovation of our
fortunes in the easy labofs and the graceful
culture of fruit and flowers.
Not one ot the several employments I
have oounselled, is such as would impair
the grace in the movements of a line
woman, or affect the beauty of her cheeks,
or even embrown her own snowy arms to a
degree which would make them unworthy
to entwine about the neck of a noble lover.
Argus.
Tiie Penscola Railroad.—A saw days
ago, says the Montgomery Advertiser, tlie
Senate passed -» It*** - tTiv
Pensacola Railroad Contracting Company.
The following, from the Givenville Advo
cate, shows that tho Company is to he in
<the right sort of hands:
“Mr. .Henry Caldwell informs us that a
new Company, consisting of Messrs. J. T.
; Milner, E. Broughton and 8. G. Jones,
| have entered into a contract to build the
i Railroad from Pollard to Pensacola in six
j months, upon the following terms, so far
[ as he could remember:
“ ‘The Company assume the entire lia
bilities of the road, and upon their secur
ing or paying the present pressing demands
against it, consisting principally of in
debtedness for freight <>n Railroad iron, all
of the assets are to bo turned over to the
Company, and they then hold a lien upon
the road and rolling stock until they are
reimbursed for ali siuns i ■ and out by them.’
“We trust that there wiil be no failure
in this important undertaking.
“It is astonishing that a road of such
paying capacity lias been neglected so
long. Push it through.”
The reader has probably seen. a
photograph representing Lincoln’s , sup
posed reception in heaven by George
Washington. Here is “Brick” Bomeroy’s
criticism of-that wonderful work of art:
We can'hardly look at it without think
ing “cuss words” or invoking a healthy
sized “damn” on the scoundrel whose
fiendish brain conceived or whose hand
executed the impious production of a
diabolical ingenuity.
It lies before us on the editorial desk,
among papers and letters, clippings and
scissorings, weighing upon our vision,
sickening our soul—like an ugly night
mare chasing away better thoughts and
gentler emotions.
It was sent us by a friend, with these
words accompanying the gift—“ Respec
tfully furnished to the La Crosse Democrat
—taken by our special artist on the spot.”
Let us describe it! A little card pic
ture ! A mass of dark and heavy clouds —
through an opening in their centre, the
noble face of Washington, wearing that
benign and dignified look familiar to every
American, whether boy or man. There
are the powdered wig, the ruffled shirt
j front and cuffs, old-fashioned coat, ip his
; right, hand is held a blade wreath, while
! his left rests —on what?
Not on a slimy, creeping, loathsome ser
pent —not on some monstrous creation of
imagination—not on a gibbering, grimuc
! ing devil— worse than that!
The hand clasps the lean, gaunt, repul
i sive pictured form of Lincoln —the sombre
I wreath is poised above the mocking brow
| of the “late lamented,” who “shuffled off
I this mortal coil” and departed for his eter
nal home, “wherever that that home may'
be,” by the.way of Ford’s Theatre, W ash
ington, and the politeness of one J. W.
Booth !
And the “lamented I” The artist has
given to his features a sadness and pathos
which is simply ridiculous—he looks up
into the face of the foremost man of our
history, with about as much expression
as would be painted on an idiot’s face
while gazing upon the sudden apparition
of an angel.
Above the heads of both there is anoth
er cloud opening, and a squad of winged
beings are preparing to receive the ill
matched couple with the "honors of war!
Washington! Lincoln!
A statesman linked with a boor.
_ A Christian gentleman with an ignorant
clown!
A soldier and patriot with a bar-room,
politician!
Purity with obscenity 1
Intellect with ignorance.
Light with darkness! ,
The Father of his Country with its de
stroyer !
An illustrious Rebel with an ignoble
Loyalist!
Heaven with hell!
Death cf a Printer.—Mr. W idiam
M. Eastman, a printer, died in Macon, oi
consumption, on the Nth instant. He was
aged about 40 years. In noticing his ;
demise the Citizen says:
Mr. Eastman was a member of the ;
Franklin Lodge No. 2, L _ »Q;
this city, and also, a member of the busi
ness committee .of the ‘Macon Typographi
cal Union.” He was much respected fur
his industrious and gentlemanly habits and ,
manners, and those who knew him best,
loved him most. His form for good and
.evil is now locked vp man eterna chase.
and we can only hope and tru*. .aat bn*
proof will beeleanto the eye of L.m who
will note and correct aH laße rmprmum
made in this typogra] m
The Alabama House of Representatives
has passed a bill to estabndi a sy stein of
j üblic schools for blacks and whites a.ike,
except that the schools for each shall be
separate. It is understood that the Legis
lature will not reconsider its action on the
Constitutional Amendment.
OCR WASHIMTOY COREESPGXDEXCE.
Another Horrid Monster from the Obstruc
tion Committee—The dernier resort of
Jacohtiiism , Military Despotism—A bid
for Grant s Favor—The Me Deconstruc
tion Policy of the Pwsiden t —Beast But
ler on hand with “Tjj 's Knitting'' — 2he
next Municipal Electbd—Lot the poor
Indian, etc., etc.
Washington, February 6.
Stevens’ Obstruction Committee gave
birth to another monstrosity to-day, in the
shape of a now and additional plan of
reconstruction, the features of which .are
intended to make a Poland of the South,
and keep that portion of the country in a
condition of subjection to military authori
ty until time indefinite. The title of this
last scheme is “A bill to provide for the
more’eftieient Government of the insurrec
tionary States,” and the “Great Common
er” has announced his intention of put
ting it upon its passage to-morrow. He
seemed grimly delighted while the bill was
being read, andjlooked over at the minority
with an. expression which seemed to say,
“we have the power, and intend to stifle
all debate on these our pet measures.” It
remains to bo seen, however, whether the
last vestige of liberty has yet departed.
The agents of the minority in Congress are
are not very much' respected : but they
will not be true to'themselves if they allow 7
anything to prevent a discussion of this bill
lor the establishment of military law 7 in the
Southern States. It will go through the
House, aud may be passed in the Senate,
but not by a two thirds vote; for it is equal
ly as preposterous as the territorial scheme,
which litiied because it was discovered that
Liul .Pepjnle JBgult| jnjynveitra
t»rsenrenT. eteveils ffiveiynimlwWH ihng
ham, and treated him with perfect indiffer
ence to-day when he desired to add an
amendment to the preamble and to tbe
fourth section of the bill before the House.
So far, the Radicals have been unable to
agree upon anything harder than the Con
stitutional amendment; but the motto
seems to be, “Try, try again,” and they
have hit upon military despotism, pure
and thorough, as a dernier resort. It will
not and it cannot bo long before
they inust close up their sho#._ Sumner
thinks that sort of government just the
thingfor the South, or the “ rtb-bil ” (with
a accent op the last syllable)
“ States,” as that Senator delights to reit
erate, undoubtedly use his influ
ence .(which, happily, does not extend over
the entire Senate) to secure its adoption.
It cannot be claimed that Gen. Grant, who
is anxious to get the military away from
the South, is in favor of this scheme, and
all the sycophancy and flattering be may
receive from tlio Radical crew, cannot
make it so. I think it rnay be very safely
written down now 7, within two hours after
its presentation, as a doomed measure. So
what next ? Moits verrons.
There has been no little agitation in
political circles since yesterday, on account
of the publication of what is purported to
be a Southern plan of reconstruction. That
is, a plan drawn up by certain prominent
Southern men, and endorsed by the Presi
dent. Os course, the readers of the
Chronicle & Sentinel are already convers
ant with its features, as the . details have
been sent to tbe Southern Press by tele
graph. This, it is supposed, will be de
veloped further iti a lew days, and.will re
ceive attention in the message to Congress
ojt the 4th of next month ; and here let me
add, that whether the Southern people en
dorse it or not, it would fail to receive the
approval of Congress. That branch of the
Government lias advanced far' ahead of
anything looking to representation from
the'South, even if it should be purchased
at the most astounding sacrifices on the
part, of her people. The. question is one
which will not be settled until after the
next Presidential campaign. By that time
the Jacobins will have strutted their hour
upon the stage, and many of their leaders,
if they persist in the present career, will
have been retired to a well merited.oblivion.
Heaven speed it, for until they are laid on
the shelf there is no hope of a release from
perpetual tumult.
Butler still remains in Washington, and
has evidently done, as he advises the mem
bers of the Fortieth Congress to do—
brought his, knitting with him, with the
intention of remaining all tlie summer.
He is generally' regarded by the lesser
lights in the Radical camp as the prominent
coming man in the next Congress, and in
that belief they pay great court to the
bogus general and “cotton” to him as an
--a-Jv-isci-erert-aw-tlrcy-efid to IBtavww’in the
past. Every one seems to expect that
the eloquence of. this mighty man will
make itself heard almost as, soon as the
House is organized. Os course he, with
hfs partisan adherents, can do as he
pleases. The opposition will be • very
slight, and there will hardly be Democrats
enough at the opening of the session to
call for the ayes and nays. Six States and
eleven Democratic Districts will be un
represented Yvhen Congress convenes, as
it, will not be until after that period that
their elections will occur.
The white, black, and other colored
Radicals of this city, including' the mud
colored portion of that element in the
community, seem to have settled upon a
candidate tor Mayor at the next municipal
election in the person of Mr. Sayles J.
Bowen, who is the city Postmaster
and President of the Freedmeh’s Re
lief Association, besides being distinguish
ed in divers other manners. "Mr. Bowen
has continued in charge of the Post Office
here very much to the disgust of the
majority of the substantial citizens of the
place, who have actually petitioned the
President for his removal; but no notice
was ever taken of the petition, and they
have, long ago, concluded that the time
spent in the endeavor to have a represen
tative man of the District appointed is
wasted. It is questionable, however, if he
can be elected Mayor, as the present of
ficial is said to be manipulating for the
suffrages of the newly franchised. He
has the patronage of the corporation, and
it is without contradiction that numerous
contrabands seem, of late, to come into the
enjoyment of a considerable portion of
that patronage, where it is secured through
laboring work, etc. It will be a novel
race, and not without interest to the
beholder,next June, to see how the darkies
will vote. One thing is certain : seven
eights of the race here will vote with their
tickets upside down, no matter who is their
choice, as it is not a qualification in their
cases that they are able to read the Deela
tion of Independence' on their election
tickets.
Our Indian difficulties, both here in the
Department and in the Western wilds,
becomes daily more and more complicated.
The Commissioner is abused by the Radi
cals in any but complimentary language,
and that gentleman is,not disposed to take
all they ! uve to say without returning with
interest their good opinion of him. The In
terior Department—the War Office —Gen.
Grant’s headquarters and thehalls of Con
gross, have all, for the time being, dropped
the irrepressible Sambo and taken up
“Lo, the poor Indian.” What they will do
with him before the wranglingon his account
is stopped, is difficult to foretell; I saw a
party of these aborigines being entertained
with a speech at the Indian Bureau yester
day. They were evidently very much im
pressed with the uncharitableness of the
notion, which is to be practically enforced,
of sending them still further towards the
setting sun. Judging from their sombre
looks, they imagined • the pale face had
1 trespassed almost until patience on their
part bad ceased to be a virtue. But each
remark of their white friend (?) who was
speaking to them, was received with a
sententious ' ; ug'h,” which probably means
?ht”—it seemed . My impreaeii n
is, that had the Indian—“not taxed”—
been sheltered and nursed by the Govern
ment to one-twentieth the extent that the
negro has been, _ there would be more hap
piness for both in the land. Certain mili
tary gentlemen think that if the threaten
ed Indian war is to be had, we mus# exter
minate the race ; on the same principle,' if
a war of races_ should ever occur through
the malignant influences of Radicalism, we j
must exterminate Sambo.
The bill to increase the salaries of the :
civil employees of the Government still
hangs fire. Congress is in no way anxious j
to pass it, being perfectly willing to let the j
clerks in the departments here starve, or ■
run themselves hopelessly in debt before •
the little addition to their compensation is
granted. .It is a pity for them that they
are white. That is a bad complexion for
favor.s from Congress. The Freedmen’s
Bureau is die only department that is
treated with distinguished consideration.
We are having mild, spring-like weather. '
The ice is all useless fo* skating, .and that
brilliant art is no more, indulged in by the
belles of the Metropolis. The natives of
“Boating,” who are temporarily here in
the service of the Government, are- severe
in their anathemas upon such weather. The
denizens of Washington, however, who
have always been used to a touch of spring
<n the depth of winter, are taking advan
tageof it to give renewed life to Pennsyl
i vania avenue, and that prominent thorough
! fare, this afternoon, is gay with promen
adc-rs. Arlington.
Illegitimate Children in England.
—No less than 47.46S children were regis
tered in England in 1 >O4 as bom ont of
wedlock. Even this number does not
i represent the actual state of things, as
‘ registration is not compulsory.
Letter from Dark corner of Lincoln.
EDUCATIONAL BUREAU —CAPTAIN INSPEC
TION, u. S. COMMISSIONER.
Dark-corner op Lincoln, j
Lincoln Cross Roads, i
Lincoln Cos., Ga., Feb. Ist, 1807. j
Editors Chronicle A' Sentinel:
Bnss : Last Monday, a genteel look in a
man came to our settlement, announcing
himself as Captain Inspection, United
States Commissioner ol the Bureau ot Edu
cation, for this Educational District, which
comprised the whole of Lincoln county,
lie was directed to mv school house; upon
his arrival, after he find repeated the an
nouncement of his character and functions,
I received him with such becoming polite
ness and proper courtesy, as I could com
mand, considering it due to his official
rank and station. As the lirst arithmetic
class had just been called up to recite
their morning lesson, I tendered him the
class book (Davies) opened, at .the ap
pointed lesson. This he declined, saying
he did not need the book, but would
examine for himself. Curtins Lamar
stood at the head of the class. Now, al
though Curtius is a good boy and a fine
scholar, lie served two years in Virginia
under Stonewall Jackson. It was not
without some trepidation", therefore, tllat 1
heard Captain Inspection put to him the
followihg question :
“A regiment is' composed a3 follows:
three-tenths of the men are Germans, two
fifths are Irish, one-tenth Canadians, and
two hundred and forty are Americans !
WhaKs the strength of the regiment I”
“Twit depends upon the man who leads
them,” was tho reply. Take your seat
Lamar, I sternly, although I felt
much reWSId to tiuil nothing worse in his
answer. Next in order, stood Michael
OTKeilly; Mike, the son of our bootmaker,
Patrick Oußeiliy-pfe man highly esteemed
in our community— is a smart lad of four
answer. “IlotV?” say® IhoCaplain. 480 was
promptly repeated.' “I can’t see it; boy
do von make it?” “I only count the Irish,”
was Mike’s rejoinder. Whereupon, Cap
tain Inspection, gettingfuriously mad and
calling me all manner of hard names,
stalked out of the room saying: I’ll report
you; you are one unregenerate, unrecon
structed, abominable rebel; i’ll report you
to tlie Bureau. You are teaching these
youths treason.
Pray, (Messrs. Editors, is there treason in
all this? What is the latest definition of
treason? Does the last law defining trea
son cover all time, past ahd to conic, and
all branches of learning down to simple
arithmetic? Is it not treason fhatlshould
compromise the matter with Captain In
spection? Your early attention will oblige
your obedient servant,
Jacob Waddell,
Schoolmaster and Foreman of Grand Jury.
Note by 7 Editors— We cannot answer
Mr. Waddell’s question. Would advise a
compromise or a correspondence with Mr.
Boutwoll, member of Congress from Mas
sachusetts.
The remains of General Albert Sidney
Johnston were removed, on the 24th; from
the cemetery; in New Orleans to Austin,
Texas. The funeral ceremonies were im
posing, notwithstanding General Sheri
dan’s order preventing any military dis
play. The following epitaph, written by a
Louisianian, is to be placed over the re
mains of Gen. Johnston:
IX MEMORIAM.
Behind this Stone is laid,
For a Season,
ALBERT SIDNEY JOHNSTON,
A General in the army of tire Confederate
States,
Who fell at Shiloh, Tennessee,
On tiie Sixtii Day of April, A. ]).,
Eighteen Hundred and Sixty-Two.
A Man tried in many high Offices
And Critical Enterprises,
And found Faithful in.all;
His Life was one long Sacrifice of Interest
. to Conscience,
And even that Life, on a woful Sabbath,
Did he yield as a holocaust at liis country’s
need,
Not wholiy understood was he, while lie
lived;
But, in his death, his Greatness stands
confess’d in a People’s Tears.
Resolute, Moderate, clear of Envy, yet not
wanting
In that finer Ambition which makes Men
great and Pure;
In his Honor Impregnable,
In his Simplicity sublime,
No country e’er bad a truer Soil;
No cause a nobler Champion ;
No People a bolder Defender;
No Principle a purer Victim,
Than the dead Soldier
Who Sleeps here.
Tiie Cause for which lie perished is lost;
The people for whom lie fought are crushed;
The Hopes in which ho trusted are shat
, tered ;
Guides no more the charging lines—
But iris Fame
Consigned to the keeping of that Time,
Which, happily, is not so much the tomb
of Virtue
As its Shrine,
Shall, in the years to come,
Fire Modest worth to Noble Ends.
In Honor, now, our great Captain rests;
A bereaved Country mourns him ;
Three communities proudly claim him—
And History spall cherish him
Among the choicer spirits, who, holding
their Conscience unmixed with Blame,
Have been in all conjunctures, true to
Themselves,
Their People, and tlieir God.
Surratt—A llorribi.e Sensation.—
We clip the following from the Washing
ton correspondence of the Charleston Wctd,
under date of the 4th :
This afternoon the Grand J ury, through
their foreman, D. V. Burr, Esq., present
ed an indictment against John IT. Surratt.
The indictment is accompanied by a pre
sentment charging John 'Wilkes Booth
"with the murder of Abraham Lincoln, and
John H. Surratt, David E. ITerold,
Lewis Payne, and George A. Atzerodt,
for being present, aiding and abetting, on
or about the 14th of April, 1805. The
indictment is for murder, and in its first
count charges that John 11. Surratt, on or
about the 14th day of April, 1805, did
murder Abraham Lincoln. The second
count charges tlrat John H. Surratt and
John Wilkes Booth did murder Abraham
Lincoln. The third count charges with
the murder of Abraham Lincoln : John
H. Surrat, Lewis Payne, John Wilkes
Booth, David E. Herold, George A.
Atzerodt, and Mrs. M. E. Surratt. The
fourth count charges that John Wilkes
Booth, John 11. Surratt, David E. I toroid,
Geo. A. Atzerodt, Lewis Payne and Mary
E. Surratt, did conspire and confederate
together to kill and murder Abraham
Lincoln.
Those who have a taste for the horrible
will find satisfaction in anew rumor to the
effect that the secret mission of Frederick
Seward on the steamer Gettysburg is for the
purpose of intercepting the Swatara , and
offering to John 11. Surratt the promise of'
pardon from President Johnson, if he will
not implicate the President in the as
sassination of Mr. Lincoln.
The New Jersey Railroad Monopo
ly.—Private adviecs # from Newark rep
resent this .gigantic, monopoly as about
to swallow itself. The following is the
statement:
The Camden and Amboy, and New
Jersey Railroad Companies, whose lines
complete the road between New York and
Philadelphia, via Jcsey City and New
Brunswick, have taken preliminary meas
ure's to consolidate their interest. The
necessary papers were signed by the lead
ing directors yesterday, subject to the con
sent of two-thirds of the stockholders, and
the ratification of the New Jersey Legisla
ture.
The Grand Army op the Republic.
—The New York World says: “The
‘Grand Army of the Republic’ is the l.ame
of a formidable Radical military organiza
tion which has been for some time farming
to hack up Congress when the Radical
leaders think the time has come to depose
President Johnson. It seems the or
ganization was first started to help
Union soldiers, and, after a sufficient num-,
her of veterans of ail parties had been
roped in, the machinery was seized upon
by the Radicals, who have been secretly
but efficiently enrolling their followers until
now they claim to have half a million men
pledged to take the field when the signal I,
■given. This is, doubtless, an exaggera
tion, but they are strong enough to issue
general oiders, the first-of which appeared
in their organ, the Tribune, Monday.
i “D is noticeable that the leaders of this
dangerous body are all anti-Grant men.
Butler is understood to head the organiza
tion in New England, and General Rush
- • Hawkins, who has published his dislike
'of the Lieutenant General, is the Head
Centre in New York. The conspiracy is
evidently aimed at the whole civil and
military power of the republic. Chaos is
coming.”
Governor Making.—ls it should meet
his consent, and not be too heavy a draft
on his private interests, while laboring to
retrieve his fortunes, the first choice of the
'lona is Genera] James H. Clanton, of
Montgomery, in whom are united in the
highest degree all the qualifications for a
proper discharge of the arduous and
delicate duties of a chief magistrate.—
Mobile Times.
NEW SERIES VOL. XXVI. NO. 8.
[ Sp ■ Corrcy>ondencc of the Baltimore Gordie.]
From Washington.
The Impeachment Question Again—Mary
land Affairs in Congress—The Naval
Academy—The Test Oath in the Case of
Bankrupts—Party Malignity of Sum
ner —The Bankrupt Law not to be acted
on—A Defaulting Treasury Clerk,
Washington, February 5, ISO 7.
In commenting upon the statements in
my letter of the 3d instant, respecting the
recent Southern movement in the direction
of a peaceful solution of existing difficul
ties. the National Intelligencer remarks:
“The correspondent of the press from
which we quote above indulges in gloomy
apprehensions as to the probability of the
initiation of steps for impeachment. Upon
this last thing we expressed the opinion*
long ago that, it was only held up as a menace
to the President and as a means of im
buing the popular mind with the idea that
the ‘Government,’ a_s the hot-beads term
ed the ‘Administration’ during the war,
was wicked and corrupt at heart. But the
men in Congress who went ‘hunting’ after
the President find that tlie people are
aroused and are ‘hunting’ for them. They
tremble and shrink from sustaining the
special leader in this business, who, so far
from having clean hands himself, is on tlie
record over his own sign-manual as one
who meditated, through the use of his
power and influence, public spoliation in
fraud of the rights of the people.”
There is no authority connected with the
newspaper press ta which greater respect
shouldbepaid than tha t. of the Intelligencer,
and I should gdadly defer, in this instance,
jWMMBBWiWWitrtWWWWiII ait i iiii. if
neeuvat<i"itifoni]atinn'v,eret .-Verse evidence
less imposing. Not to rep ’at I have
heretofore written, it w<. a in
credible that ;r party would, .leiun
vote, initiate a proceeding who ::, if not
triumphantly pushed througbataii hazards,
must inevitably end in utter ruin to their
organization. Its solo “stock in trade”
now consists in the monstrous lie that the
President has been guilty of “usurpation,”
“betrayal of the country,” of “implication
in the assassination of Lincoln,” of “selling
pardons for money” and the like, and if
these, charges are not intended to be
sustained by perjured testimony aud follow
ed, up by impeachment and ejection from
office’, then the present actionof tho Judi
ciary Committee under the orders of tlie
House would indicate a degree ot' insanity
which Would indeed give hope that the
leaders had reached that pitch of madness
which the gods are said to inflict prepara
tory to utter destruction. Besides, their
whole system of measures hangs upon the
contingency of the President’s removal.
Nevertheless, the opinion of such a reliable
and well informed journal as the one
just quoted should not be withheld from
a public accustomed of late to reading as
much upon the other side.
The affairs of Maryland continue to re
ceive much of the attention of Congress
and tho politicians of Washington, bring
ing forth as yet, however, insignificant
practical results. It seems to bo conceded
that the removal of the Naval Academy
from Annapolis has been determined upon.
Looking at the condition of tlie , business
before Congress demanding precedent
action, it is not probable, however, that it
can be finally disposed of at the present
session. Lot it not. be imagined that
political considerations alone have impelled
this movement. The agents of speculators
at Portland are' busily employed in the
lobbies and it is known were at the bottom
of the action yesterday.
Gen. Sheridan, accompanied by Gen.
Grant, visited both Houses of Congress this
morning. In the House, on motion of Mr.
Schenck, a recess of five minutes was taken,
during which he .was introduced to the
Speaker, who officially presented him to
the House collectively. His reception in
the Senate was informal; the members,
however, generally were introduced to him
by Mr. Wilson, Chairman of the Military
Committee.
■A movement Os unparalleled party ma
lignity was made in the Senate this morn
ing by Mr. Sumner. He proposed to
apply the “test oath” to all applicants for
the benefit Os the Bankrupt law now under
discussion. Pomeroy came to his relief
by suggesting the inapplicability of the
phraseology of the oath and the motion
was accordingly modified so as to avoid
this absurdity. But it was shown that,
besides the atrocity of the thing, it was
lire poster QMS Ui view of ife practical opera
want of uniformity. Nevertheless, it re
ceived the warm support of such men as
Howard, Pomeroy, &c. Other Republi
can Senators opposed it upon principle
and a few, denounced it as “odious.” You
will, however, see the disetfssion among
the Congressional proceedings. I notice
it particularly as a significant indication of
the temper of Congress, and ta what
lengths the leaders are disposed to carry
their reluctant Followers, and likewise as
furnishing very full proof of the fallacy of
all calculations based upon a returning
sense of justice in such men. I may here
say, that there fs hardly a possibility of
the bill becoming a law of this session.
The defeat of Sumner’s proposition itself
will doubtless weaken it. as was clearly
indicated by the remarks of Pomeroy.
Besides, it lias yet to be acted on by
the House.
The Senate Finance Committee to-day
adopted the lull proposed by the leading
bankers of the country, with the .endorse
ment of the Secretary of the Treasury, for
funding thfe compound interest notes.
The Commissioner of tho General Land
Office has received from the Secretary of
the Interior a letter from tl! V’ar Depart
ment announcing that the . reser
vation known as Fort Cast... k. t the
Cascades of the Columbia river, i;< sash
ing! oh Territory, has been abandoned as a
military reservation, the land being claimed
under the donation act.
The Star learns' that on Saturday last
onp of the clerks employed in the loan
office at tin; Treasury Department disap
peared and has not since been heard
from. Upon examination it was disco,vered
that over thirty thousand dollars’ worth of
7-30 bonds were gone. The missing clerk
is not accused of the robbery, but the sud
den disappearance of both the clerk and
bonds at the same excited suspi
cion and. the case is being investigated.
X.'
Large Fire in Baltimore.
LOSS ESTIMATED AT OVER TWO HUNDRED
THOUSAND DOLLARS.
Baltimore, Feb.- S; ].>o7.—One of the !
most destructive fires that has occurred for
many years broke out about five o’clock
this afri riwm at No. ‘J Commerce street,
occupied by M< >srs. C. EL Ross & Cos. as a
rectifying and liquor establishment, which
was entirely destroyed, with property to
the value of $150,000. The names com
municated so the store of William 1).
Shultz A Cos., fi.-di dealers, and the store of
Adams v t Davidson, No.' Jl. The former
lost $50,000 and .the latter about $5,000.
Boss & Cos. are insun-d to the amount of
SIIO,OOO on stock—ail in Baltimore offices,
and S':.' '.ood on their building. The Fire
men’s fn-urance Company loss $30,000;
the Baltimore, $ 10,000 ; the Associated,
$10,000; th . Merchants’ and Mechanics’,
$10,000; the American, $10,000; the
Union, $10,000; the .Howard; $10,000;
the Peabody, ou'); the National, 85,000,
and siveral others a smaller amount.
Adam-; A; David -mi have a policy of $6,000
in the Safety Company of New York.
Shullz U mid to have poll ies in the Mer
chant j M h mi< '!' . „jy 0 f this
and tl I.n; . ,$3 .. .New Fork.
j i.e emu<• I-.-; is estimated at over
$200,000. The property destroyed is of
more value than tad losses by fire during
any one of several years past.
The Dead Come to Life..—We have a
strange story among us—no less than the
assertion .tha t Col. Tow, of the 2nd North
Carolina infantry, who was suit posed to
have been killed during the war, is st : ll
living. A young man, who gives his name
■ as Wallace, claiming to have been in the
secret service of the Confederacy and lately
released from the Dry Xortugas, reached ,
iiere yesterday. He states that Col. T.
; is in confinement there and of course alive, j
We know nothing of the story beyond this.
I Young W. gives the whole affair the tinge j
I of romance by asserting that he was turned
j loose" at the intercession of a daughter of;
r the commandant at that point. We shall j
I ~oon know how the case stands. —llaleigh
\ Progress.
The Wheat Crop.—We are most hap- '
py to learn that the unprecedented large j
crop of wheat sown in this section ofcoun- !
try, looks remarkably well. As-a general
thing, the crop was planted, and the hard :
freezes and deep snows we Lai c had, are i
considered altogether favorable to its pros- '
perity and productiveness. So far as
present appearances go, the prospect Is that
we will have one of the largest yields in
this important crop that this section has j
ever been blessed with. Perhaps ourpeo
ple'tiever needed “fruitful” seasons more ’
that) at present, and the Lord grant an i
abundant harvest. —Rome Conner , 7 {/,
intst.
During the delivery of the Queen’s i
speech on the meyrning of the Oth inst., the j
people cried out “Reform 1 Reform!” 1
Brevities,
The Maltese say that a person who is
never in love is sure to be fat.
A Chicago young lady has just ran
j away with a circus actor.
j ’They arc blasting the ice in the Allegha'
| ny river with gunpowder.
„ Europe holds $000,000,000 in United
btates Government and other securities,
i The gold customs receipts at Now Or
l leans for January were $007,551 20.
j Garibaldi comes out against any revolt
jat Rome, “at present.” .... ...... •
The New York Legislature have, before
them a bill allowing husbanct’iiftf wife to
testify against each other. ’ .
A man in Delaware petitioned for a
divorce on the ground that “his wife was
a veiy disagreeable woman. ’ ’
l he 1* ond du Lac licportcr says over 125
members have been added to the Arndt
street Methodist Church.
The Fenians at New York are advertis
ing their arms for sale. This indicates
that l'cnianism has virtually exploded.
The Constitutional Eagle is the name of
a paper out in Arkansas. It must boa
healthy old.bird.
The ladies iu Paris are building the front
hair iu immense mounds above the fore
head.
Chili and Peru reject all offers of foreign
mediation in their war with Spain, and
vigorous preparations are making for its
prosecution.
The question of the constitutionality Os
the Franchise law. of Tennessee, which
before tho Suprotne Court of that Stater
One of the three discharged conductors
ou tlie IN. Y. and N. il. Railroad was not
satisfied with less than fifty dollars a day
in the way of extra pickings.
Mobile Trussel, who shot George Trus
sol, the gambler, in this city, and was re
cently sentenced to ihe State Penitentiary
for one year, was this day pardoned by the
Governor after about one.month's impris
onment at Joliet.
A man asked a servant, “Is your master
at. home?” “No; lie’s out.” “Your
Mistress?” “No, sir; she’s out, too.”
"Well I’ll just step in and take a warm at
the lire till they come in.” “Faith, sir,
and that’s out, too!”
An exchange states that in Chicago and
Cincinnati, the dull season is the very
carnival of advertising. The people are
sharp enough to perceive that advertising
makes business brisk and the man who
does it most largely and judiciously, knows
the least about “dull times.”
llcnißEi) IDm..—Tfie proprietor of “The
Miltonian lableaux” was robbed on Sat
urday night, in Columbus, of a canc and
suit oi clothes— coat, vest, pants and
boots. Soino freedman will hereafter
dress respectably. However, the show
paid well there, and the owner could afford
the loss.
Immigration Meeting.— The citizens
of Dallas, Marengo and Perry counties,
Alabama, held a convention recently,
to consider of the best way to induce
foreign laborers to immigrate to their sec
tion of country. Meetings of a similar
character should bo held 1 throughout tho
entire South.
A young wife remonstrated with her*
husband, a dissipitated spendthrift, on his
conduct. “My love,” said he, “I’m only
like the prodigal son ; I shall reform by
and-by.” “And I will be like the prodi
gal son, too,” she replied, “for 1 will arise
and go to my fathers;” and accordingly off
slio went.
A Dutchman iu Eufaula married a
second wife a week after the loss of wife
No. 1. The Sabbath following the bride
asked her lord to take her riding, and was
“cut up” with the following response:
“ You tink I ride out mit another woman
so soon after the death of mine frau? No.”
One of the most important cases yet
presented to the Court of Claims is that
for $2,000,000 damages against the Gov
ernment for the seizure, by the War De
partment, in 1856, of a large tract of land
I at the Cascades of Columbia River iu
j Washington Territory, since occupied as a.
■ military post, the laud belonging to Geo.
I W. Johnson.
A singular lawsuit is now on trial at Al
bany. Two Hang men, each married but
Ia few weeks, got. sick of their wives and
f r*op«sed-te-» > *wop,”-!H!d' vtir- isimrolfirl?
the women consented. But the husband
of the homeliest promised to pay S3O “to
boot,” and as he has neglected to hand
over, tho suit was brought to recover the
money.
R. J. Moses, Esq., of Columbus, pro
poses to import Scotch labor for South
western Georgia. He ftrgcs that the reason
some emigration schemes have net worked
well lias been that the laborers have been
obtained through unreliable agents, who
picked up unreliable loafers in New Yoifo#
would not, of course, try to get a thriipr
and reliable class of people who will make
good citizens.
The Supreme Court of Missouri is at
present trying to decide, upon a writ of
error, whether the game ot “pool,” well
known to billiard players, is a game of
“chance” or “science,” Games of chance
being prohibited in that commonwealth,
and a saloon-keeper being indicted tor
playing the game of “pool,” he wants to
get out of the trouble by proving it a game
of “science,” a question which the* Court
is about to decide.
The Albany papers abound in scandal
just now. First, a druggist’s wife deserts
her liege lord for the company of a i ffioto
grapher, and botli run away. Thou a mu
sician’s fair spouse conceives an affinity for
a gay Lothario of a machinist, and they
escape together to Buffalo, fie deserts
his new protege. She returns penitent to
her mother’s fold, liorc the domestic
drama ends.
Grant and Lee alter the Surrender.
Generals Grant, Ord and Sheridan,
with three or four staff officers each, went
up to the court house, and of our staff
there went three, a senior aid, the Chief
of Staff, and the Adjutant General. The
town consists of about five houses, a tavern,
and a court house, all on one street, and
that was boarded up at one end to keep
the cows out. On the right hand side as
we went in, was the principal residence,
owned by Mr. McLean, and to his house
General Grant was conducted Unmeet Gen
eral Lee. At Die fence flic whole party
dismounted, and walking over a narrow
grass plot to Die house- noticed General
Lee’s horse nibbling t bore in charge of an
orderly, who was bolding his own as well.
General Grant entered the house with one
[ov two of his staff, and the rest ofus sat
down on the piazza and waited. Mr. Mc-
Lean was out there too, but was % much ex
; cited by big appreciation of passing events
that ho dia not know where his pump was,
i or if he had any or if not, couldn’t toll us
i where there was a spring. In a moment
Col. Babcock came out, smiling, whirled
his hat round his head once, and. beckoned
General Ord and Sheridan to come in.
They walked the floor silently as people
do who have the first peep at a baby, and
after awhile Gen. Lee came out and
signalled to his orderly to bridle his horse,
u hile this was being done he stood on
the lowest stop of the piazza (we had all
risen respectfully as he passed down), and,
looking over into the valley towards his
■fray, _ smote his hands together .several
, times in an absent sort of way, utterly un
conscious of the people about him, and
.'-Coining to see nothing till his horse was
: led in front of him. As he stood there
he appeared to be about siwty years of age,
! a tall soldierly figure of a ifmn, with a full
, grey beard, anew suit of grey clothes, a
high grey felt hat with -a cord, long buck
j skin gauntlets, high riding boots, and a
| beautiful sword. He was all that our fancy
• had painted him, and he had the sympa
thy, of all of us as he todo away. ” Just
as he gathered up hi.s bridle Gen. Grant
went down the steps, and passing in
front of his horse, touched his hat to Gen.
J. i, who made a similar salute, and then
left the yard, and returned to his own
lines with his orderly and the single staff
officer who had accompanied him to the
interview and who was said to have been
CM Marshall, Ins Chief 0 f Staff, a quiet
footing man m spectacles, looking more
like one of thought than of action Gen
Grant presented something of a contrast to
Gen. Lee hi the way of uniform, not only
in color, but in style and general effect. lie
!• a sugar loaf hat almost peculiar to
himse.r, a frock coat unbuttoned and
splas.icd with mud, a dark vest, dark blue
panteilooDS tucked into top boots, muddy
ai -o, anil no sword. His countenance was
not relaxed at all, and not a muscle of his
face told tales on his thoughts. If he wa3
very much pleased by the Surrender of
Lee, nothing in his air or manner indicated
it. The_ joyful occasion didn’t seem to
awaken in him a responsive echo, and lie
went and mounted his horse and rode away
silently, to send off a dispatch which
should electrify the North, and set all the
church bells ringing on this happy Sunday
evening.
A party of engineers at Panama are
preparing for a survey of the Isthmus off
Darien, with a view to the construction of
alship canal-