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RniMr VHHi’i Richmond Speech.
The opening of the Southern political
campaign bv the Honorable Senator from
tie Hub of the*Universe has been the
*1 Jnul fi* a revival of some of the usual
accompaniments of party contest as well as
the occasion for developing new con
trivances of #cccnt origin. It is not to be
cx|H C,te<l that there can be any very grgat
amount of political excitement when want
and famine threatens all classes through
out the land. If the Senator had brought
a few thousand dollars, and announced free
barbecues, large and enthusiastic audiences
would have undoubtedly greeted him, no
matter on which side he chose to speak.
Nevertheless, the speech has been the sig
nal for general meetings and special meet
ings, club meetings and council meetings,
and league meetingsand society meetings are
called, and every sort of political machin
ery i being set in motion. Names begin
to change their significance. Hcb no
longer means “Confed, but opposed to
us;” and ex-rebel officers are ‘‘loyal’ as
they are “with us.” and are so regarded
without reference to antecedents. To be
“loyal,” is to vote “with us”—to “trust
tonsto accept the situation, is to march
in “our ranks;” and to cast a ballot instead
of hurling a bullet “for our side.” There
i no distinction as to the color of past life,
or as to complexion. To be able to handle,
at word of command, the {taper ballot in
lieu of a paper cartridge is all that is re
quired ; military forms with a discipline
which, at least, suffices to accomplish unity
in purpose and combined action are observ
ed. Past military service is ignoredas merit
ingconsideration, unless affording a promise
for present advantage or co-operation.
The “Had” is the only true soldier ; and
he is true, no matter how he may have
fought, if lie will vote aright now. Ad
jutants of the Grand Army of the Repub
lie run to and fro and discharge official
duties in the style and with the art of po
litical veterans. Grand commanders and
sub-commanders visit acknowledged au
thorities “ simply through respect and
courtesy;” ami make reconnoissanees and
“reports” touching “the views and senti
incuts not particularly sought for” among
powers that be. Couriers are detailed “to
pass the word,” and “loyal leagues or sec
tions” are assembled under ministerial
guidance. Such are some of the indica
tions.
We do not happen to be one of the ini
tiated ; we have not been “sworn in,” for
we have sworn not to take any other titan
those called for by the President, and
Congress, and General Pope, or General
Sibley, or General Sweeny, or the A. A.
A. G’s, 11. S. A. We are able, therefore,
to describe the effects of the Honora
ble Senator’s speech solely by the light
which reaches us.
At a meeting of a “league or section”
within the sub-district of Georgia, after
due acknowledgement was made for the
gratifying intelligence of reinforcement by
funds in the paymaster’s department,
the initial speech of the Massachusetts
Senatorwas read and received with raptur
ous applause. A single paragraph, how
ever, caused discussion. The Senator had
confessed briefly and sententiously, but
without reserve or qualification, that, po
litical power was now located west of the Al
leghany mountains. That the destiny which
would rule tlm future of the great Repub
lic, was not ortn undis, not from the shores
of the stormy Atlantic, but a prairie-hoi#
giant from toward the setting sun. This
created a profound sensation. There were
no boisterous demonstrations which might
disclose position and purpose. Discipline
was admirably maintained in the face of
the enemy.
Manifestations were restricted—and ex
pression was allowed by sneezing —only.
The opinions of Pads —the true-blue
believers —were distinctly and decidedly
mti-.tinivd by ah, N,ev-f/.i«; shir- ,
,Ven: ham diiii New lug land. Iho
Pads, with Democratic proclivities lor
“’’ ■■ • ' T'it Uuji ' to ovoryh.iily awl
the i--t ; - ” in hi! ind, mu in everything and
'll beside, <• pressed them Ive- by
■‘l',lt t iuliootiie—Och-chtly-ca-/A«</.' The
Conservative If ads, a little disturbed by
this unexpected division, only gave utter
ance to “A-kik-pshaw A-kee-chinck,” and
prudently dismissed “the section.”
Hut this doctrine of the honorable Sena 1
tor is not to be sneezed at. The contest for
political power will never again be de
fined bjf degrees of latitude. The political
traverse will never again be worked with
allowances for Doldrums or Horse latitudes
and (lulf stream and Nantucket Shoals.
The degree ol longitude determines the equa
tion. Gov. Andrew may contemplate and es
timate the political power around the great
lakes and dig big canals from Champlain to
Boston ; but the solution will be reached
before Oliver Ames <fc Sons can forge the
requisite spades. Mr. • Charles Sumner
may expunge “ white,” as a word not Re
publican, from State Constitutions, and
admit Chinese, and Cochin Chinese and
Brahmins, to rights of citizenship; but
the question of supremacy is settled. The
great American cougar “commoner’ ’ may fill
the air with lamentations for “ disgrace to
sister States,” and may rant and rave
about impeachments and confiscations, but
it will accomplish nothing. Possibly pal
pitations may permit .him to look upon
Mr. Fred. Douglass as Minister Plenipo
tentiary to the court of Saint James, and
see Mr. Sumner accredited to the latest
Government of 1 layti; but the acquisition
of a few hundred thousand votes from the
colored men of the South can make
no change. Westward the star of
empire holds its way, and power
an and sway will come from the
West. The modern fates—Generation and 1
Emigration—so will. Mr. Wilson is right.
The control of the future is in the West— j
west of the Blue llidge. The vast basin
which reaches from the base of the Allegha
ny to the base of the Rocky Mountains
is the seat of supreme power, and
that power is about to control.
The power which is derived by po
litical division of this area anticipates
but little the power of the vast Caucasian
tide which sweeps irresistibly to till it.
Other influences, whether established or
to be acquired, are ephemeral, and will
disappear in ripples upon its waves. _
We thank Mr. Wilson for the friendly
counsel which he gave in behalf of kind
feeling and harmony between the races in
the South But we would thank him still
more if. with a spirit of frankness, and in
all candor, he had explained this phase of
the political situation fully and clearly and
pointedly for the apprehension of the
humblest.
Tut: Debt and Finances of Georgia.
—ln closing a resume of the debt and fi
nances of Georgia, the April number of
Ihint's Merchants' Magazine says:
The probable resources of the State
Treasury for the current year (1866-7) are
estimated at $882,252 05. and the expen
ditures at $879,906 06. The income from
each source is thus estimated—general tax,
$ 450,000; tax on banks and railroads,
each, $5,000, -and on foreign insurance
agencies, $10,000; tax on liquor
$60,000: dividends from Atlantic & Gulf
Railroad. $20,000; and net earnings of
Western & Atlantic Railroad. $250,000.
The disbursements include SIOO,OOO for’
the Assembly, $76,000 for the civil estab
lishment. and $307,000 for interest on the
public debt There is also included in the
estimate of disbursements sß6,oiX> for pay
ment of temporary loan, and $106,805 06
for undrawn balances of old appropriations
—together, $192,805 06 not belonging to
the current year; leaving the aetual ne
cessary expenses of the State at $686,900.
From the exhibits above given it is quite
apparent that Georgia is rapidly recover
ing from the prostration caused by the late
hostilities. A State that is able to raise
such a revenue as is here estimated, from
a population of less than a million souls,
two-fifths the number only just emerged
from the condition of slavery, is a sure test
of financial vitality. No further loans are
wauted: all old accounts are liquidated,
and once again the two sides of the public
ledger are balanced.
The New Territory. —The New Haven
Courier says that Captain Wm. W. Clark,
of New Haven, an old, successful and intel
ligent whaler, who had spent yea rs on the
coast of Russian America, declares that
the country is worth ten times what we
paid for it. Its fisheries are apparently
inexhaustible, its harbors frequent and
sale, its climate comparatively mild, and
its lauds rich in valuable ores.
The Armies or Europe.
The following statement of changes and
modifications which various European
countries arc about to introduce into their
armies, will be found very interesting at
this time. It is from the Philadelphia
Press of the 23d inst.:
PRUSSIA.
The actual effective force of the Pros'
sian army is based upon the peace foot tng
of two hundred thousand men, which oan
be increased to three hundred thousand, or
one per cent, of the population, but Hie
organization of the force is not changed.
It is proper here to rectify a very general
and popular error, that every Prussian is
held to service. Such is not the case. Os
one hundred and seventy thousand young
men who reacli the age of twenty-one
years, one hundred thousand are exempted
by law. Os the remainder, sixty-three
thousand are drafted into the service ; the
rest return to their homes, but subject to
the call of the government.
GERMANY.
The four States of the South, Bavaria,
Wurtemburg, Baden and Hesse, have
abandoned conscription for obligatory ser
vice with exemption for cause. The effect
ives are so organized as to have one
per cent, of the oopulation under arms in
time of peace. The States of the North
have adopted the Prussian system.
AUSTRIA.
• Obligatory service is to supersede re- ;
cruiting by conscription. Every Austrian
subject who has attained the age of twenty
years will serve six years, three of which
he is with his regiment. He is then trans
ferred to the reserve lor six years, of which
halfis passed in the first ban and the rest
in the second ban. The lanclsturm
(militia) will be composed of men from
thirty-two to forty-five years of age. There
will be no replacement by substitutes. The
former effective force was about 639,000
men on a war footing, and 256,000 on a
peace footing. The annual contingent was
from eighty thousand to ninety thousand
men. For the future there will be each
year an addition of 120,000 men capable
of bearing arms, which, at the end of
twelve years, will bo 1,440,000 men. Al
lowing for the regular losses of an army,
there will remain 1,0H0,060 men, without
counting the frontier divisions of the Em
pire, which will contribute 52,000 men.
The general total will then he 1,132,069
men.
RUSSIA.
Recruiting is carried on at regular in*
tervals, sufficient to retain the army a
peace footing of 680,000 men. The war
footing, to which the army, can be In
creased in six weeks, amounts to 1,600,000
men. The term of service is fifteen years,
twelve of which the soldier is uuder arms.
No change is contemplated in the organiza
tion.
ENGLAND.
The government is engaged in discuss
ing proposed changes in the military sys
tem. The appropriation for the war office
for 1867-68 has been increased £412,200 or
$2,061,000. The army on a war footing
numbers 346,000 men, of which 136,000
are in the militia. Besides these there
are the volunteers, the yeomanry (or mi
litia cavalry), the veterans, and the uavy.
SPAIN.
After the organization now in progress
shall have been finished, the effective
peace footing will be increased from 150,-
000 to 200,000 men. The troops will be
divided into three classes ; the first a per
manent army, the second an active reserve,
and the third an inactive reserve.
SWEDEN.
The Swedish army is composed first of
enrolled troops (voerfvade) or volunteers
for six years; second, of troops in the can
tons (indelba), who are called out a few
weeks each year for instruction; and third,
conscripts (bevoering), composed of able
bodied men between the ages of twenty and
twenty-five years. A bill, however, has
been submitted to the Legislature to sup
press the first two divisions, jyid render
service in the army obligatory on every
Swedish subject. The duration of service
will then he twenty-five years, divided as
follows: From 21 to 25 years of age in the
first ban, 26 to 30 j’ears in the second ban,
and from 31 to 45 years of age in the land
strum. The first ban (bevoering), will
then give a contingent of 125,000 men; the
second ban, 120,000, and the landstrum,
300,000. Thus the government will have
five hundred thousand men at its disposal
in place of the standing army of 125,000
men.
SWITZERLAND.
The Federal army is thus divided: 1.
Regular army, composed of men between
the ages of twenty and thirty years—.three
per cent, of the population. 2. The re
jerve, formed of men who have completed
;,r term of service in the reeular arniv
, hum Gitwcen the age.- of thirty ami fortj
| years, ami making one half per cent, of
' t/ti papula lion 3 The landwehr, con;
j po.-eu u, i,, u.ah'o to beat arms, aged not.
i uioro tlm', fort v four vom-s, who ifS’nii
i serve in the regular army, nor in the
j reserves. Every Swiss is thus obliged
j serve. The Federal army numbers about
198,000 men, of which 185,000 can be con
centrated when needed. The organization
[ of the forces will not be modified, but the
government projected measures calculated
to unite tlfe troops in time of war, and to
perfect the instruction of the landwehr.
Holland and Belgium are likewise en
gaged in considering how they may increase
the effective force of their armies.
Tiie Selfishness of Radicalism,—
Says the New York Express, “the beau
ties of the Tenure of Office Bill were
strikingly illustrated in the three weeks’
extra session of the Senate which closed
last evening, without filling all the vacant
offices in the country—although in nu
merous instances the President nominated
as many as six different individuals, at
different times, for the positions thus left
vacant.
“It may do very well for Radical Repre
sentatives to insist on the rejection of
nominees in their respective districts who
do not happen to aeqgrd with them
politically, but, like the fable of the frogs,
such conduct is death to the Senate. The
responsibility for the vacancies in the
public service must ami will rest upon the
majority of that body—for they not only
took away from the President the power
to fill such vacancies during the recess of
Congress, but they declined to fill them
themselves, by consenting to the appoint
ment of such men as were nominated by
the Executive—and this, of course, upon
the flimsiest and most contemptible of all
pretexts, to wit: that the nominees were
not Radicals; as if no man was competent
to hold a public office who was not a
believer in the peculiar doctrine of the
Radical party. The friends of the ad
ministration will notice, with no little
regret, that the President yielded in many
instances, and nominated just such men as
the Senate desired. This may have been
unavoidable. If it was not, there is no
apparent excuse for awarding such mate
rial aid to the enemies of the Constitu
tion.
“There is nothing like firmness in deal
ing with Radical politicians, and if they
ltad been met as Andrew Jackson would
have met them, all the offices in the
country would now be filled with honest
and patriotic men, who believe the Consti
tution the supreme law of the land, and
are the sworn enemies of every man who
would violate it for personal or political
ends.”
Fenian Pianos.— A Malone (N. Y.)
correspondent relates the following inci
dent. indicating that there is some ground
for the Fenian scare in Canada:
The great number of pianos that come
boxed up here via rail is astonishing: and
more astonishing still is the fact that the
parties to whom these boxes are directed
are not of the class, socially speaking, sup
posed to iiave any great interest in the
digital exercises pertaining to such Instru
ments. It is suggested that perhaps their
music is about to he heard elsewhere' Be
that as it may, the transportation to this
point of large, square boxes, marked
“Piano Forte—handle with care." has
increased most remarkably during the past
month. These packages are invariably
called for by rubicund-looking Milesians,
who pay all freight charges willingly, and
then remove their property ter —where ?
Another Cold Blooded Murder.—
A correspondent of the Albany Neics sends
the following details of a brutal murder to
that journal:
Baker Cos., Near Newton, Ga., Satur
day, April 13, 1867. — Mr. Editor : —This
afternoon, half an hour by sun. a brutal
murder was perpetrated in the public road
in front of Mr. Dowses’, two miles from
here, by a negio man named Noble, upon
the person of a negro woman, shooting her
through the breast. It appears from
statements on the part of the negroes here
(where the girl lived), that he had been re
fused by her and was to be married the
ensuing week to another negro living on
the same place (Mrs. Halls). It appears
that she was returning from Newton, where
shehadbeen withothersto makesome pitr
cliases, it is supposed for her wedding suit,
when he approached with gun in hand,
and being asked by her wtiat he was going
to do with it, said, “Shoot some game,"
and raising the piece, despite herentreaties
to spare her life, and the efforts of her
sister and espoused husband, fired, the
effect being instant death. The criminal
has been arrested, and is now in Newton
i jail. J. H.
fcr?.nil Koyal Arch Chapter of Georgia.
FIRST DAY’S PROCEEDINGS.
Tiiis body, the supreme head of Koyal
A_rch Masonry in this State, convened in
Annual Convocation in this city yesterday I
morning. «The Grand officers were all in
attendance, and also a full delegation from j
subordinate Chapters.
After the opening oI the Grand Chapter
and the appointment of the usual commit- !
tees, the Grand High IMest, the Hon. i
Samuel Lawrence, of Marietta, delivered a j
chaste and eloquent address, *vhich was j
unanimously ordered to be entered upon i
the minutes and referred to a most intelli
gent committee.
This morning the various committees 1
will present their reports, and we advise
our Royal Arch readers to be present, j
The session thus far has been perfectly
harmonious and promises thus to continue
to its -close. The annual election takes
place this morning at eleven o'clock.
We have been pleased to meet a number
of old acquaintances from Savannah,
Macon and Atlanta, looking in such ex
cellent keeping. Especially so is this of.
brethren Wells and Armstrong, ofMacon,
Rockwell and Turner, of Savannah, and
Chandler, of Atlanta. —Constitutionalist
April 24 tli.
SECOND DAY’S PROCEEDINGS.
Tiiis body continued its convocation
at Masonic Hall yesterday, Samuel
Lawrence, Grand High Priest, presiding.
Reports fromsubordinate Chapters were
received showing the Order in a highly
prosperous condition.
The following companions were elected
for the ensuing year :
M. PI. Samuel Lawrence, G. 11. P.,
Marietta.
M. E. George L. Barry, D. G. H. P.,
Cuthbert.
j R.'E. Moses P. Kellog, G. K., Newnan.
j R. E. Christopher F. Lewis, G. S., Ati
-1 gusta. *
E. Rev. Francis E. Manson, G. Chaplain,
McDonough.
E. Josiah Mosher, G. TANARUS., Augusta,
i E. Benjamin B. Russell, G. Secretary,
Augusta.
; E. John E. Navy, G. Sentinel, Augusta.
our dead.
The ladies of the Jonesboro Cemetery
Association confidently appeal to the citi
zens of Augusta and surrounding country
for aid to enable them to re-inter the Con
federate dead, who fell in the battles
around Jonesboro, Ga. It is intimated
that there are between three and four thou
sand dead there, the most of whom, in the
haste of battle, wero simply covered by
throwing earth upon them where they fell.
The rains have washed the earth away in
many instances, leaving the,remains ex
posed, and where the hogs can root them
up. Some have been ploughed up, and lie
unprotected. In a short time all chances
of identification will bo lost. Land for the
cemetery alongside the railroad has been
given to the Association, where all parts of
it will be visible from the cars as they
pass, and the citizens of Jonesboro are
doing all in their power, both in means
and labor, to forward the work; but, with
tire desolation prodyced by the War, and
especially the heavy battles fought there,
they are without the means of accomplish
ing a tithe of what is required. The
United States Government is taking care
of the Federal dead; upon us citizens of
the South devolves the holy task of per
forming the last sad rights to our fallen
braves by giving their remains sacred
burial. Contributions left at the ollice of
this paper, or sent direct to Mrs. James F.
Johnson, Treasurer, at Jonesboro, Clayton
county, Georgia, will meet due acknow
ledgment.
Mrs. P. 11. Loud, President.
Mrs. Goodwin, Vice-President.
Mrs. Jas. F. Johnson, Treasurer.
Miss Mary Key, Secretary.
Papers friendly to the cause please copy
and cal! attention to the above.”
The Georgia State Lottery.—Some
of our citizens have come out on the lucky
side of the drawing of the Georgia State
Lottery, which took place in Atlanta last
week. Out of eight hundred dollars worth
of tickets held in this city, seven hundred
came hack in prizes. Our clever friend,
George Adam, of the Constitutionalist, took
in one hundred out of the wet. Bully for
George. Mr. Hopkins, of the Postoffico,
was another of the lucky men. He drew
one hundred. We are in a V for the next
drawing, but if we are on the wining side
it will lie more than we expect.
Condition of Archbishop Spalding.
—The Condition v ri ,bishop Spalding is
much Unproved In. u >w considered
out ofylao^er.
Drowned. —Our Jerry that while
on his way to' the B. .go yesterday, a:u-i
river news, a little boy rau a gainstayoung
lady on Bridge Row, displacing a huge
waterfall, causing anoverllow in which he
was drowned.
The Edgefield Advertiser.—lt, al
ways gives us pleasure to read this excel
lent weekly. Usually .it contains some
thing rich, rare and racy about the busi
ness men and houses of this little “burg,”
which are generally reproduced in our
columns. The issue of this week contains
the following:
Death of Dick Cheatham.—This
splendid blooded stallion of Col. Thomas
G. Bacon—the most beautiful horse we
ever beheld —and so widely known in
Western South Carolina, died a fortnight
ago of lung fever.
The Land We Love. —Messrs. Quinn
& Bros, have favored us with the May
Number of the “Land We Love,” which
appears in anew and tasteful dress. This
evidence of success is gratifying, and it is
to he hoped that for the honor of Southern
literature, our people will give a hearty
support to the laudable efforts of General
Hill. The following is the table of con
tents of the present number: General
Beauregard’s Report of the Battle of
Drury’s Bluff; Spring ; Down into De
vonshire ; Mother, Home, and Heaven ;
The Last of the Crusaders; Memorial
Flowers ; National Glory ; Leaves of
Plants ; Stand in Thy Lot; Rumors of
the Morgan Raid into Indiana and Ohio ;
John Milton; Love’s Law ; Sketch of
Gov. 11. W. Allen ; Twelve Months in
Spain ; The Men in Grey ; Perfect through
Suffering ; Miscellanea; Aunt Ai.by ;
Revolutionary Anecdote ; Review of
Simms’ “War Poetry of the South
The Haversack ; New York Correspond
ence ; Editorial ; Book Notices.
Richmond County Iviperior Court.—
The following is the Jist of Grand Jurors
for the second week of the Court:
Jesse A. Ansley, Foreman ; Thos. R.
Rhodes, Wm. T. WheeleSs, Ediv. Gallalier,
NVin. C. Derry, Wm. F. Herring,Chas. H.
Strickland, Adrian S. Morris, Arthur
Bloakley, Otis G. Lynch, Thos. Russell,
Jos, E. Marshall, Thos. X. I’hilpot, J. 11.
Blauveit, Leonard H. McTyre, Isaac
Smith, llenj. Munfiejn. Michael P. Parker,
Ferdinand Richards, Juo, W. Bessman,
Jos. E. Burch, Thos. D. Caswell.
The following cases were called up :
Isaac Rye vs. Stephen B. Robbins.
Reeoveryof property lost at Planters' Hotel
—Verdict for plaintiff.
The State vs. Geo. Langdon, stealing a
mule. Solicitor General Whitehead for
the State, Messrs. Hilliard and F. H.
Miller for the defence. The arguments
were made by Messrs. Whitehead and
Hilliard and were very creditable to both
parties. Verdict guilty, with a recom
mendation to the mercy of the Court.
Sentenced to three years' imprisonment in
the Penitentiary,
Hugh Mcßae vs. Chas. C. Estas, suit for
damages for property stolon while in the
possession of defendants as commission
merchants.
The Grand Jury presented the following
true bills :
The State vs. Jackson Smite, Burglary.
The State vs. Jim Wilson, Simple Lar
ceny.
A Western New York exchange says:
“Some weeks si nee an account of the blow
ing up of Table Rock by the Canadian
authorities was published, the object be
ing to prevent any accidents from future
falls of rock. A hole was drilled and a
charge ofpower placed in it, but it seems
the usual packing was omitted or wrongly
arranged. The natural consequence is,
that, though the powder burned very
prettily. Table Rock still stands unharmed.
A few pieces only were detached and fell."
The High Water in the Mississippi.
—The Natchez Courier of a recent date
river commenced falling again yester
day, but very slowly ; not over an inch
in the day. 'The powerful rains for the
48 hours preceding, made a considerable
rise at this point. It now lacks about nine
inches of the highest point y attained this
vear From Arnaudlia, including a large
portion of Dr. Page's Vidalia place, all
the plantations for some miles down, are
rapidly going under water. Here and
there a green patch ot land is visible, hut
“water, water, everywhere. lidingstrorn
the Lake plantations and those back of
them towards the Tensas, are very bad
indeed.
If a man will observe as he walks the
streets. I believe he will find the merriest
faces in mourning coaches.
Seeds for the South.
The following order has been issued by |
General Schofield, in compliance with a
suggestion of Hon. T. C. Peters, the South- j
ern Agent of the Agricultural Department, j
It is probable that similar instructions |
or requests will be included ;n the regis
tration order to be issued by other
Generals:
Head.i'rslTrst District, i
.ST.WEOF VIKKINU, l
Richmond, Va., April loth, 1867. J
circular.
To the Registering Officers of (he Several
Counties and Districts of Virginia :
Congress has appropriated 850,000 to sup
ply seeds to the agricultural people of the
Southern States. The agent of the Agri
cultural, Department, Mr. T. C. Peters
through whom the distribution is to be
made, has asked my aid in carrying out
the liberal design of Congress in Virginia,
and I am especially desirous of contribut
ing that aid iu such manner as will most
speedily and effectually distribute the
benefits among the people of the Slate.
To this end. and in accordance with the
views c .Mr. Peters, the Registering officer
ot each magisterial district is requested to
become the agent of the Agricultural
Bureau for that district. In case the officer
appointed for an3* district is unable to dis
charge the duties referred to, the Board of
Registration for that district will please,
select and report to me the name of some
other gentleman, a resident of the district,
who is able and willing to act as agent of
the Agricultural Department.
Each Registering Officer, or other gen
tleman selected by the Board, who may be
willing to serve, will please inform me;
without delay, of his acceptance of the
trust, and give his postoffice address and
the county and district in which he resides.
■ This information will at ouee be forwarded
i to the Department in Washington in order
j that the agents may receive instructions
i from that Department and inform it of the
| wants of tiie people of the district.
\ Ido not doubt that all who are able to
| do so will cheerlully render their services
in an enterprise which promises so much
j good to the agricultural interests of the
i Htate.
Very respectfully,
J. M. Schofield,
Brevet Major-General, U. S. A.
Financial Troubles in Sngland.—
The Journal of Commerce says: “The
financial troubles in England which last
year culminated in a ‘crisis,’ do not appear
to be over yet. Private advices give a
gloomy picture of the present ’state of
things there and the general feeling is that,
putting improvement out of the question,
no one can see when matters will cease to
grow worse. The gigantic railway system
of debenture bonds, which is one of the
controlling interests in the market, is sadly
rotten. That immense concern, the Great
Western, with an annual revenue of two
millions sterling, is unable to pay one six
pence dividend on its debentures due at
the end of the year, or to get a penny’s
credit; and other roads are in a worse
state, not paying their working expenses.
The distrust seems to he wide-spread in
connection with everything in the shape of
stock companies, whether of railways,
mines or anything else ; and shares by the
ship-load, some of them very good, too,
may be had for as many shillings as they
once cost pounds. There is a superabun
dance of money, the rates of interest are
extraordinarily low, but discount is unat
tainable except upon security enough to
satisfy the most extortionate usurer. This
is simply the result of an universal distrust
and lack of confidence arising from the be
trayal of the public trust by leading finan
ciers. They are in deep water, and have
themselves to thank for it.”
Reconstruction in Virginia. —The
following platform of principles was adopt
ed at a mass meeting of whites and blacks
at Petersburg, Va., Thursday evening,
18tli :
1. That we agree to accept and perform
in good faith the terms and conditions pre
scribed by the Congress of the United
States as the terms and conditions upon
which Congress has agreed to restore Vir
ginia to her place in tiie Union.
2. That we recogniz.e and accept as an
essential part of said terms and conditions
the proposition that the political power of
tho State, which has heretofore been wield
ed by white men alone, shall henceforth be
possessed and exercised by white and
black men alike.
3. That we will therefore insist that a
new constitution shall be framed for Vir
ginia, which shall provide that all men,
white or black, without reference to pre
vious condition of servitude, shall be per
fectly equal before the laws both in re
spect to political privileges and power and
of civil rights ; and that all laws creating
distinctions or differences of any sort be
tween persons of different races shall bo
uni---n.lt.-..-: oia!. null and void.
L That we will support no candidate
for the Con vent ion who will not pledge
h: .nsolf to cai ry out iu good faith iio fore
e'-'-io- p.-ouocot. ... . arid i,. , .heir
adoption as a part of the faiujaffieutal law
of Virginia wo will co-operate cordially
with all good men, white or black, who
honestly desire the stuye result.
5. We invite the colored men of Peters
burg, freedmen and the born-free alike, to
join us, to attend our political meetings,
to participate in our deliberations and ex
press freely their opinions and wishes;
and we assure them that they shall receive
all tho consideration and respect to which
they are entitled, as equal participants
with us in political power and legal rights.
Mr. Lj’on explained that these resolu-
Jions mean, ainongother things.
Ist, That white men and black men
shall vote upon the same and equal terms
—and none other.
2d. That white and black men shall hold
office upon tho same and equal terms—
and none other.
3d. That no tax shall be assessed upon a
colored man unless a similar tax is as
sessed upon the whites.
4th. That not one dollar of public money
shall bo appropriated for the education of
a white child unless another dollar is ap
propriated alongside of it for the education
of a black child.
sth. That there shall be no differences or
distinctions between persons of -different
races, except such as the God of Nature
has created, and such as tiie rules of polite
ness and usages of society, and the unfet
tered common sense of mankind, shall
establish and enforce, without tiie aid of
laws.
Parasols, Gloves, Jewelry.—The
New York JTome Journal has the follow
ing about the above named articles :
The new styles of parasols are made of
white silk, dotted with amber bcayls, and
trimmed with amber fringe, or white silk,
dotted with coral beads, and trimmed
with heavy coral fringe. Some are trimmed
with leathers, but these are only suitable
for carriage dresses.
We have soon some very curious jewcl
ry, just received from Paris. It consists
of earrings, pins, and necklaces of wood,
lava, and malachite, carved in the most
beautiful manner. Some have cut in them
sphinx heads, and ot hers pictures copied
from the Vatican. They are very costly
and handsome, and worthy a close inspec
tion ; tlye workmanship being of the finest
description, and said to be done with the
aid of a microscope.
The new evening gloves are of the light
est lemon color, made .with long wrists,
with eight gib buttons, and embroidered
on the back with flowers, in silk, a shade
darker than the gloves. They are very
pretty and stylish, and will soon be in the
height of fashion.
“Blind Tom” in Paris.— We find the
following allusion to Tom in a letter dated
Paris, Maych 20th:
Blind Torn, the well-known American
negro pianist, is to appear next month
at the Salle Hertz in his stunning
musical entertainments. The Parisians,
ever fond of novelty and the wonderful,
will no doubt be charmed with the perform
ances of Tom, and we predict for him a
great success.
Dr. Summers, the editor of the Nashville
Christian Advocate , says that layrepresen
tation has received the requisite number of
votes in the Southern Methodist Church.
By his reckoning, the votes given on the
question before the session of the Balti
more Conference were 1,450, to which add
ing for that Conference 10,5, we have a to
tal of 1,555, three-fourths of which are
1,167. The total votes for lay representa
tion are 1,177 —ten more than are needed
to make a three-fourths majority.
The Wheat. —The Chattanooga Union
of Thursday says :
We had a call yesterday from a gentle
man from the north end of the county,
who informs us that the wheat is looking
very finely and that a large extent of land
has been planted. Much of the wheat in
tho river bottoms, which was supposed to
have been killed by the flood, has revived
and is looking very well indeed. If the
season is propitious, we shall have an ex
trardinarv crop this year.
■ Want of Backbone. —The National
j Intelligencer says : “Want of nerve is the
j curse of the hour. Our public men of
moderate views have not pluck to stand by
what they believe to be right. They are
overborne by the violence and the energy
and bold threats of the ultraists, and we
state but a fact when we say that half a
dozen uncompromising, men
have coerced the action of the United
States Senate against the deliberate judg
ment of a majority of that body.
A Lucky Preacher for Once.—The
Rev. C. B. Riddick. President of Kittrell's '
Springs College, lias just gained a law
suit in Kentucky, which put the snug little
sum of $150,000 in his pocket.
Aid for the South.— New York has
thus far contributed $179,000 for the
South. Boston over $43,000 and Philadel-
I phia $37,398. i
Meeting of Freedmen at Tallahassee,
Florida.
SPEECH OF GOVERNOR WALKER.
Saturday last there was a mass meeting |
of freedmen at Tallahassee, Fla. A pre- j
amble and resolutions, Radical iu character,
were read to the meeting, bfit not offered
for approval Governor Wall er and Judge
Mclntosh were invited to address the meet- |
ing. The Floridian says th. t both speak- ■
ers ana speeches were recei'- ed with much
respect and marked gratification. The ad- i
dress of Governor Walker is so earnest,
yet calm and conciliatory, that we talrc
pleasure in giving it to our readers. The
Governor spoke in substance as follows :
friends and Fellow-Citizens —I thank
you lor the compliment you have paid me
iu inviting me to he present with you to
day. • I have not before, since I have been
in the office of Governor, attended any po
litical meeting, but when vour committee
oa last evening requested me to address
you I felt that you had conferred an honor
upon me which I was not at liberty to de
cline. In tiie present condition ot the
country it is the dutv of every citizen when
called upon to enlighten his lellow-citizens
upon questions ot public interest, and do
all in his power to bring about harmony
and a good understanding between all
classes of the community. The colored
man and tiie white man are hotli now in
the same boat, and the boat is in a storm —
if she goes down they both go down with
herif she lives to resell the shore they
are both saved. It is better, therefore,
that they should pull together manfully
and save themselves than that they should
pull against each other and swamp the
boat. Your interests and my interests are
now the same; you cannot he injured
without my being injured, nor can I be in
jured without an equal injury to you; then
since our duty is the same, let us be friends
—let us mutually promote the prosperity
of each other and lnake our journey through
life as pleasant as possible.
I am happy to meet you to-day under
these wide-spreading oaks in the Capitol
Square, beneath the blue vault of heaven.
This is the manner in which freemen
should meet to consult concerning their
public affairs. I am, as I have ever been,
opposed to ai! secret political associations.
Let all the people, loth black and white, j
meet in pubic as you do to-day, and make
known and discuss their sentiments and
their complaints, and then truth will be
arrived at, abuses and errors corrected,
and good feeling and harmony promoted.
But when there is* a secret society that
meets in some dark place and bars the
doors and persuades men, one at a time, to
go in and take perhaps a terrible oath and
sign a pledge, no good can come of it. Tiie
members if such a society cease to be
freemen aid become slaves to those who
manage the secret organization. For,
though after joining the society its mem
bers may become convinced that its objects
are not for the public good, they areafraid
to say so because, when they attempt to
exercise tie rights of freemen, they are
stopped with the cry of “ Remember your
oath, remember your pledge.” In times
of war aid public disturbance there may
be some excuse for secret meetings, but I
can conceive of none iu peaceful times and
in a free country like this. The laws and
tiie officers, both State and Federal, will
fully protect you in meeting in public and
giving full expression to your views, what
ever tiie,” may be, and therefore I warn
you to give tiie cold shoulder to any man
who should endeavor to persuade you into
some sccet place to take an oatli or sign a
pledge binding both your souls and bodies
to any particular action. Your bodies are
now free, and no power under heaven can
take that freedom from you, hut tiie
-freedom of your minds is in your own keep
ing ; let it not be stolen away from you by
designing persons. Remember that
“None are free but whom the truth makes free,
And all are slaves besides.”
From tiie fact that you have invited me
to address you to-day, and from my having
resided thirty years in this town without
an unkind feeling toward you, I take it
for granted that you are my friends and
that you expect me to tell you plainly
what 1 think is best for your happiness,
(Cries of yes, yes, that is what we want.) —
TJien my friends I will tell you that I
think your greatest want is that of educa
tion. Tiie free government under whiclt
we live is founded upon the virtue and
intelligence of the people, and whenever
that foundation shall give way the struc
ture built upon it must fall—l charge you,
therefore, to educate your children and
yourselves as far as possible. Among the
first messages I ever sent to the Florida
Legislature was one advising them to pass
a law to provide for the education of the
colored people. Such a law was passed,
an ’ -* periatendent, R»v. Mr. Duncan,
le hat he has now in operation
about three hundred schools.
* lies of that good—that’s the way to
tell it.; t trust that this .od w :!; will
go on untii, „ . what ai l - : can
give, and tin General Government can
and ople and planters c in give,
and our Northern friends can give, I say,
1 trust that with all these aids the time
will surely come when, under the blessing
of God, the means of education will be
afforded to every child, whether colored or
uncolored, in the land. My friends I urge
you not to forget nor neglect this impor
tant matter ; I will assist you as far as I
can, but you must learn to assist your
selvei, for I expect, in the course of a few
months under the recent legislation of
Congress, to retire to the shades of private
life, to remain there in all probability to
the end of my days. But you must see
that those who come after me take up this
good work where I shall leave it and keep it
on to a complete success. I repeat it, edu
cate your children and yourselves by all the
means in your power; but my friends, I
must tell .you there are two sorts of educa
tion —one is of the head and the other of
the heart. The education of the head had
best be neglected altogether unless accom
panied by the education of the heart.
Some of the worst men I have ever
known were those whose heads had been
educated, but their hearts neglected; some
of the best men I have ever known were
those whose hearts had been educated but
their heads, in a great measure, neglected.
The education of the heart, therefore, I
deem by fur the most important, but I
want both sorts of education to go together,
and let them mutually assist the advance
ment of each other. I want you to send
your children to school and have them
taught there, and I request you also to
teach them at home to love God and to
love and obey Him, and to keep all His com
mandments, and to love the Constitution
of the United States and obey it, and all
the laws, of the General and State
governments; this will make them become
good children and good citizens. If you
will do this, then you will be certain to do
the next thing that I am going to advise
you to do, that is, to “Love your neigh
bor as yourself; and cultivate kindly rela
tions with the white folks among whom
you live.
The great question is now to bo solved,
whether two different races can live in
peace together under the same govern
ment with, equal political rights. In my
reading of history, Ido not now remember
any instance in which this has ever been
done. But God has placed the work upon
us and with His blessing we must fry our
best to accomplish it. In the first place,
therefore, I say let each one of us of all
colors resolve to cultivate kindly relations
with* one another and never "allow our
selves to be arrayed in hostility to each
other ; let us always speak kindly to and
of one another. I have never known a
man in my life who. had the true principles
of a Christian gentleman in him, who would
wantonly wound the feeling tis any human
being, however humble.
But aside from its being your duty as
Christians to cultivate the friendship of
| the white people, I call your attention to
j the fact that it is your interest to do so.
The white people in what is called the
rebel States are now more than twice as
numerous as you are. They are receiving
| additions every day by tens and by twen
ties, and even by thousands from the
1 other States of the Union, and besides this
there'comes from across the great waters,
people enough every year to make four or
five such States as Florida. The great
waves of emigration that heretofore in
consequence of the existence of slavery
have been taking a different direc
tion, are now being turned toward this
delightful land of ours—the most delight
ful that the sun shines upon. On the other
hand, there is no emigration to this country
from abroad of people of your race.—
Africa is not a commercial country; she
has no ships to send your people here —
many of your people leave this country to
XT'l l ? 5 ut none leave there to come here'.
” j lll these facts before us we may reason
ably conclude that iu a very few years
there will } je
in the Southern States
a hundred, and after awhile a thousand,
white men to every black man. Now,
since the white race are in the nature
ot things obliged to be so vastly in the
majority, I say, is it not your interest as
) T . e “,. as Your Christian duty to cultivate a
t .iy and good understanding with them?
* , Wi pk to see you on good terms with the
wuite people of the country, and I wish to •
see you protected by the white people in
all your rights. Ido not wish to see you
crowded out of the country by the emi
=rantf who are now pouring into it. Ido
not wi;h to see you share the fate of the
races who have occupied this country be
fore you. Within a mile of where I now
stand is the site of old Port St. Louis.
j hat nation of people built eld Fort St.
- UIS ' P From certain things, such as |
pieces of cannon. Ac., which were found
about the old ruins, we know that the fort
was built by a civilized people : but who
were they ? No one can say. Where are
they ? Echo answers where, and the onlv !
answer is, that they are gone—gone into
the vast ocean of the past, leaving no
record behind them. The tradition among
the Indians is that a civilized people did i
once inhabit this country, but they were
not so numerous as the Indians ana a vnr
having ensued between the two races, the
Indians drove themoutoffhc country. And
where, myfriends, arc now the Indians that
thus drove these civilized people away from
Fort St. Louis —thtfrest of Middle Florida?
We know what has become of them ; they
got into a quarrel with the white people ;
the white people were more numerous
than they were, and consequently they
have been shoved back, back, until there
is scarcely a handful of them left in the
Everglades. Yes. this identical spot on
which I now stand, was once cultivated by
the Indians; we adopted their name for
it—Tallahassee, an Old Field. The name
remains but the Indians have disappeared.
Now, my friends, I don’t want you to
share the fate either of the Indians or of
the civilized people who preceded the
Indians in the occupation of this country.
I want you to remain in the country arid
be part and parcel of it, and to this
end I warn you to give a deaf ear to any
designing white man or black man who
may try to persuade you that the
white people are not your friends. —
Suffer not yourself to be imposed upon by
the recital of individual instances of wrong.
If cne black man robs my chicken coop
that is no reason why I should denounce
the whole black race as robbers and
thieves; and so if one white man cheats a
black man that is no reason why you
should denounce the entire white race as
scoundrels and enemies. There are bad
white men and there are bad black men.
Let us punish both alike, and let the
balance of us live together as friends and
I Christians ought to do.
i My friends. I don't think of anything
| else to say to you just now. I came here
i with no made up speech. I did not know
till last night that I should lnve the honor
of being invited to address you, and since
then my time has been necessarily occu
pied with other thoughts. 1 have had to
depend upon the inspiration of the ocea
| sion for what I should say. If any one
wishes to ask me any question I will try to
I answer it. (Alter a pause,) as no one
j wishes to ask a question, I thank you for
| your kind attention and conclude.
“Watchman What of the Sight?”
Under this heading Hon. Erastus
Brooks writes his paper, the New York
Express , from Atlanta, Ga., April 17th :
General Pope is here, and has made a
satisfactory speech to the people. If they
obey the law of Congress, well. If not,
then it may not be well. All the men he
has here, and coming here, is but a few
over a third of a regiment; but one com
pany would be enough to carry out the law
of Congress, and as good as ten thousand
men. The most subdued men are some of
the oIS secession leaders—like Ex-Govern
or Brown, whose home is here, and whose
influence has been immense throughout
the State. Such men counsel submission
to the law, and regard it as irrevocable.
Governor Jenkins counsels, not resistance,
but non-aetion, and from all I sec and hear,
will be overruled by an immense majority
of the people. The heart of the people is
broken, and their spirits humiliated. Two
years of drought, one season of floods,
months of positive hunger, have followed
four years' of war, made up of bombard
ments, sieges, fires, loss of life and property.
Congress, with its harsh policy of negro suf
frage, military monarchies, registrations, ar
rests and punishments, stay laws—as in
South Carolina—is an easy master of the
situation; only you must not expect the
smitten to love the siyiter, for, as blood is
thicker than water, nature stronger than
coercion, this is simply impossible. “Do
with us as you will, and we will obey,” is
the general purpose, and Georgia is good
for it by 20,000 or 30,000 majority, not
withstanding the letter of Governor Jen
kins. If I were a Southern man, with my
home and friends destroyed, a war prose
cuted against me two y.ears after Iliad laid
down my arms, with no permanent peace or
stability in prospect, with a hope of some- <
thing permanent and established by further
concessions, I would do the same thing;
for until there is an end of exactions by
obedience to decree, there can be no peace.
War is not polities, but revolution. The
South is in the hands of Government as,
clay in the hands of the potter. In seek
ing to overthrow the Government of
the United States, it destroyed
itself. President Lincoln lias been
overruled, President Johnson is over
ruled, the Congressional policy of ’6l and
’O2 is overruled, and now all the civil, pro
visional and elected Governments of ten
States are in the hands of five U. S. Mili
tary Governors. Writing here in sight of
Stone Mountain and Lookout Mountain,
and the Kenesaw, watching where Geti.
Sherman swung his army in one direction,
and Gen. Johnston in another—resting at
the headquarters of Hood and Polk—
walking over the ground where the brave
McPherson fell—seeing yet the ruins of
war all along from the borders of the Ten
nessee to this “Gate City,” a thousand
miles above the sea —one can better ima
gine the necessities and penalties, than
upon nursing under his own vine and fig
tree at home. lam not surprised, there
fore, at the eager desire of brave and mis
taken men to rebuild what lias been torn
down. The needs of thousands of widows
and orphans demand this, even if there
were no higher appeals. “You take my
life when you do take the means whereby
I live,” is as true at least of the Christian
as of the Hebrew. Therefore, let no
Northern-man venture to blame the South
for submitting to inevitable necessity.
The principle laid down by Blackstone,
that “any Government is bettor than sione.
at all,” in this case decides the issue.—’
Military monarchy, in our part of North
America, is so repugnant to all our ideas
of liberty, that any peaceable means of
getting rid of it is excusable, if not com
mendable.
One thing, however, creates a burning
fever at the South, and that is the de
mand made upon the people, through the
Constitutional amendment, to dishonor the
leaders of the rebellion. All these leaders
were made so by the people themselves, or
by their representatives. If Congress
chooses to dishonor them they will submit
with becoming grace, and the end secured
through this act, like many others, will be
in violation of the Constitution; but do not,
they implore us, compel the Southern peo
ple themselves to strike down men they
placed in the front rank by their own acts.
Such an appeal, surely, ought to he appre
ciated, since almost every other demand,
and indeed, every other exaction, will be
conceded,
Further from Mexico.
MAXIMILIAN OFFERS TO CAPITULATE.
The Galveston News very kindly sends
to us, by the purser of the steamship
r Morgan, who promptly delivered them,
proofs of their correspondence from
Matamoras. We learn from it that Mr. j
White, the bearer of dispatches from Min
ister Campbell to Juarez, did not go to j
Tampico as was his intention, but has been
furnished with an escort at Matamoras,
and has started for San Luis I’otosi, i
where he expected to find Juarez. Satur
day night the stage from San Luis Potosi
came into Matamoras, bringing the in
telligence of the capture of Puebla by the
Liberals. The bells were rung and cannon
fired in honor of the victory.
Gov. Gomez, of the State of .Nuevo
Leon, lias received letters fjom Escobedo,
stating that ha had liis headquarters in !
the city of Queretaro. Letters received j
by merchants confirm the statement, of
which there is no doubt.
Maximilian is now desirous to capitulate,
lie seat the Hi,shop of Queretaro to
Escobedo, but the latter would not receive j
him. Later, three commissioners from i
Maximilian presented themselves to
Escobedo. These were sent on to San
Luis to negotiate with Juarez, it is said
they will demand guarantee for the lives
and property of the most prominent chief- j
tains, but it is not thought it will be grant
ed ; they may be permitted to leave the
country, but no more.
A letter closes by saying: “Those from 1
I“ e inside say to us in desperation, ‘Do |
not kill us by hunger, but by the bullet.’ ” i
A hail storiji is reported to have taken •
place at Rio Grande City, on the 10th '
inst., each stoneaneasurina half an inch in
diameter.
A big rise in the Rio Grande is report
ed above. The mad rider reports a two
story brick house, opposite Camargo,
washed down, burying a whoie family.
lhree Americans are reported to have
been lately robbed twelve miles this side
or Arroyo and Colorado, coming into Texas.
Aeio Oneans Picayune, 19 th.
Important, if True.—A formidable
naval and military expedition is said to
have left this port within a few days past,
lot Mexico, in the interest of the Liberals.
The steamer General McCuUom , and the
brig A elite ILimmond, are said to be im
plicated. Both vessels arc reported to
have cleared for Tampico, and, by this
time, must be near their destination. The
EeUie Hammond is a vessel of 500 tons
burthen, and was chartered (so the rumor
goes) for SIO,OOO. Both vessels, it is
further said, were abundantly supplied
with arms, and each bad an _ unusually
numerous crew. The expedition is said to
be under the command of Colonels Farrell
and Smith, and that on landing in Mexico,
Gen. Lew. Wallace, now serving in the
Republican army, will be placed in com
mand.
We give these reports for what they are
worth—without vouching for them. ;> '-
have an impression that there is something
in them—and such being the case, we have
another new proof of the laxity in enforc
ing the neutrality laws, at this, port, m
certain eases. What lias the U. fc. Mar
shal to say ?—and what the L. S. District
Attorney ?— N. Y. Express.
General Ord, after a conference with
the President, General Grant and others,
left Washington Sunday night toassume
command of the Fourth Military District.
He will at once proceed with the registra- j
tion of voters in Mississippi. i
Affairs In Georgia.
From the New York Time?, and. •
Albany, Dol’gherty Cos., Ga., |
Monday, April 16, 1867. J
I have had ample opportunity since
1 commenced my -tour of the agricultural
districts of Southwestern Georgia, to learn
that the freedmen are thoroughly informed
as to the possession ot their right to vote,
and that it is not true, as stated, that any
efforts are made. by the whites to mislead
or seep tnem in ignorance on this subject.
On the contrary, 1 found that they derived
their information almost invariably from
“Mas John, “Mas’ James,” or “Mas’
Ben,” their former masters and present
employers, and that the little they knew of
how they ought to exercise their right
was derived from the same source. It has
been a great error to suppose that the
slave —owners as a body have felt any dis
position to withhold from the negroes any
of the privileges which have been extended
to them since their emancipation, however
they may have thought as to the propriety
or policy of . endowing them with those
privileges. Emancipation caused immense
losses to the owners of slaves, not only in the
destruction of slave property, but in the de
preciation of the lands to which those slaves
were attached as laborers. But no
body was unjust enough to revenge the
loss upon the negroes, or to visit upon
them in the shape oi ill-treatment or un
kindness the injuries which were inflicted
by their instrumentality. The just laws
by which the enactments suited to slavery
were repealed, and full protection to
person and property secured to the freed
men, were urged and passed by slave
owners, to whom emancipation had brought
ruin, and I well remember ih the first few
days after the surrender, hearing a Geor
gian who had owned upward of six hun
dred slaves, advocate the prompt adoption
of such legislation as would supply the
negroes the protection of the master which
they had lost, and secure to them all the
personal and property rights which free
dom had conferred upon them. In the
same spirit, and with the same frankness,
the former slave-owners have instructed
the negroes that they are now entitled to
vote, and in many instances have taken
pains to explain to them what voting
means, and what their duties are as citi
zens, disabusing their minds of errors
which they entertained, and guarding
them against others to which they Are ex
posed.
In this part of the State the negroes have
an overwhelming majority over the whites,
and to one who has lived among them,
heard them talk, and talked with them
with a view to judge of their intelligence
and capacity, the experiment of giving
them political power must seem what an
insurance company would regard as extra
hazardous. To judge of the negro race by
Downing, the oysterman, or Fred. Doug
lass, or even by the generality of those
who are scattered over the North, is tu
adopt a false standard. You must see and
observe the plantation negroes to form any
true conception of their ignorance and
childishness. Time and the printing press
may, and doubtless will, work a wonderful
change, and it is gratifying to observe how
much they desire to embrace the oppor
tunities for education which are now with
in their reach. But the process will not
be rapid. I have visited many of the plan
tation schools and listened to the recitations
of tlie scholars, and did not derive c-iicour
( ngement as to the speedy instruction of
the race, even in the first elements of
education. They exhibited some readi
ness to learn their letters, and imitate
their forms, but seemed incapable of com
bining them into words. They could point
out iti the alphabet D, and O, and G, but
could not comprehend that together they
represented dog, and after they were told
such was the fact, not one in fifty could
spoil dog if required to do so in five
minutes after the instruction was given.
Many of these scholars had been assiduous
in their attendance at school for several
months. The teachers are capable, and
i for the most part patient and interested in
their labor: but they have ail encountered
the same difficulty, and owned it frankly.
In arithmetic the classes appeared as
utterly confounded as if the addition of
4 and 6 were the binomial theorem. I
found, of course, a few bright exceptions—
young negroes from 12 to 16 years of age,
who were able to read accurately,
and who comprehended and couid
apply the first rules of arithme
tic. But the masses who sit particularly
yet anxiously at the feet of their teachers,
find the first pages of their primer as puz
zling as ever schooi-boy found the metres
of Terence, and the simplest sum in addi
tion a -pone asinbrum more impassable
than ever dunce regarded the theorem of
Euclid, to which that uncomplimentary
designation is familiarly given. The great
difficulty the teachers find is to make their
pupils fix,, their attention long enough to
comprehend the simplest lesson. It is
found absolutely necessary to give fre
quent intervals of play during the morn
ing so as not to fatigue anil stupefy the
scholars, to make the lessons as short and
simple as possible, and make each step
perfectly plain and comprehended before
the next is attempted. The pupils were
generally neat in their persons, rendered a
cheerful obedience to tire teachers, and
tried hard to be attentive. Very few of
the older negroes attempt “to get an
education.” They do not believe it possi
ble, and cannot afford the time. Many of
the younger who are grown attend night
schools, and seem anxious to learn ; and
tlie majority of the children of botli sexes
have a slate and pencil and Webster’s
speller, and go daily to the nearest school
to renew each day the effort “to get
through their wool” the simple truth that
a combination of li-o-g spoils hog, and
that the figures 2 and 3, added together,
make 5.
The expenses of these plantation schools
are almost entirely borne by the planters.
The parents of tlie pupils are required to
pay a nominal sum monthly, either in
money or provisions, to tlie teacher, more
to create an interest in the progress of
their children than to support the school,
and the hooks are provided by the em
ployers or their families without charge,
except where through carelessness or mis
chief a book lias been lost or defaced, and
it is necessary to supply another. My
remarks apply only to the rural schools. I
have not visited any of those in the towns
and cities under the management of the
“school inarms.”,
I think it will he a long time before any
of the race will be able, to give an intelli
gent opinion of the comparative advan
tages of specific and ad valorem duties on
imports, can suggest an improved financial
system to Mr. McCulloch, or advise Mr.
Seward on questions relating to foreign
affairs.
The unsettled weather for the past few
days has much retarded planting opera
tions. The low lands are’ still very wet,
and the prospect of continued sunshine is
far from hopeful. The first murmurs of
complaint are distinctly audible. The
faces of the planters are slightly elongated,
and if in the next ten days the rains be
come less frequently remittent, we shall
hear very loud grumbling, and see many
doleful visages. The corn is well up, look
ing fresh and green, and covers an area
which, in September, if Providence send
“good seasons,” will amply supply bread
to the population.
I go lienee to-iiiorrow to the counties
South of this, and will probably write next
from Camilla, in Mitchell county. The
“pine barrens” of this part of the country,
which seem interminable, do not present
any variety, except when you roach a place
to water and feed your horse, or a clearing
where a plantation is to bo found. You
may ride through these pine forests from
morning till night, and fancy when you
halt that you are hack at the place whence
you started. Quondam.
An Important Decision has just been
rendered in the United States District
Court in Memphis. The case was that of
Biddle vs. Pillow, in which a demu'-rer to
the plea of defendant was argued, and the
Court sustained the demurrer, giving the
defendant until August rules to file anew
plea. This ease is an interesting ong as it
involves the question of the individual re
sponsibility of Confederate officers for acts
done under military authority during the
war. It is an action brought against Gen
eral Gideon J. Pillow for goods taken by
him while in command of the Confederate
forces in Tennessee during the war. The
defendant’s plea sets forth the facts and
circumstances of the war, the exigencies
and necessities of the ease, and was a plea
of confession and avoidanoe or justification.
The Court held that the plea was bad, and
said that the facts of the case and justifica
tion might be shown under the general j
issue. Both counsel in the case, viz: Col.
Mcßae, for plaintiff, and Colonel Ilaynes
and General Chalmers, for defendant, ex
pressed their convictions that the case j
would go to the Supreme Court of the
United States.
Honor to Whom Honor is Due.
Mr. Editor .-—Feeling very much indebted
to you for the great compliment paid me
by your notice in yesterday’s Republican,
regarding the arrival from the Pacific
ocean of a cargo of 700 tons ol guano, I feel
it incumbent on me to correct a mistake
vou made unintentionally in your article.
Desiring to place the mantle of praise on
those to whom it properly belongs, I
would respectfully inform you that the
cargo of guano, the first direct importa
tion to the Southern States (so far its I am
informed), Is through the enterprising and
old established house ol W ilcox, Gibbs A
Cos of Augusta, which house I have been
agent for for several years.
Hoping you will publish this in justice
to Messrs. Wilcox, Gibbs & Cos., you will
confer a further lavor on
M. A. Cohen,
We gladly publish the above, and while
we regret that it was not the direct impor
tation of a Savannah firm, we congratu
late Augusta on the possession of such a
live and energetic firm as Wilcox, Gibbs A
Cos., who deserve the highest praise fortheir
enterprise, which has been ably seconded
by their indomitable Savannah agent. We
trust our explanation will provesatifactory
to Messrs. Wilcox, Gibbs A Cos., and con
vince them that we did hot intend to rob
them of their well-earned commercial
laurels. —Savannah Republican, 17 th.
Foreign Yews.
THE. I>ICII Y ACTUALLY SOLI) TO FRANCE.
* Correspondence of the Fall Mall Gazette.
_ Tlie proposals to sell Luxemburg to
Franco did not proceed from the Tuileries,
but was made personally by the King of
Holland. This is an important fact, as it
tends to show that tlie matter did not
originate, as is generally supposed, in any
hostile designs of the Emperor Napoleon
toward Germany, but is simply a moment
ary transaction entered into with the ob
ject of replenishing the private purse of
the King of Holland. That sovereign has
long labored under financial embarrass
men t and has for years been in constant
strife with his ministers because they de
clined to yield to his exorbitant demands
for supplies from the State Treasury. He
accordingly seized with eagerness tlie op
portunity of recruiting his exhausted
finances by making a profitable bargain, in
a money point ot view, with the French
Emperor, and Prussia, though at first she
had no part in the transaction, soon per
ceived the reason of the King’s obstinacy
in refusing to recognize her undoubted
right to maintain a garrison in Luxem
burg. \\ bet her, now that Luxemburg
has ceased to belong to the German Bund,
and its Grand Duke is, therefore, freed
fipni all the obligations that connection
imposed upon him, the last hold which
Prussia possesses on the Duchy in her
right of garrisoning tlie fortress will be
abandoned by that power, is the only point
wliich still remains undecided. The sale
of the territory to France may be regarded
as au fait accompli. As regards withdraw
ing the Prussian garrison, it is certain that
by so doing both King William and his
Prime Minister would lose much of their
popularity in Germany ; but it is hardly to
be credited that they will risk a war in
order to regain it.
CONFIRMATION OF THE ABOVE REPORT.
Hague Correspondence Fall Mall Gazette.
lam able to repeat on good authority
the announcement I made some days since
that as far as France and Holland are con
cerned tho cession of Luxemburg to
the former has been actually arranged.—
Confirmation of this will be found in the
peculiar wording of the official contradic
tion of the Luxemburg Chancery which
has just appeared. The contradiction
simply amounts to this, that the cession of
the duchy has not taken place; and the
explanation supplied is “that such a ces
sion could be said to have taken place only
when those powers which are directly con
cerned are in accord on the matter.” This
means that Prussia has not yet given her
consent. The fact is, I believe, that the
negotiations between France and Holland
are completed, that Holland is now put out
of the question, and that diplomatic com
munications are going on between France
and Prussia.
A SEMI-OFFICIAL FRENCH VIEW OF THE
QUESTION.
From the Paris Conslitutionnel. Aprils.
France lias no desire to threaten the in
terests of Germany, or to bring her honor
into question. France has no warlike ten
dency, but solely a deep sense of what is
just and equitable. Now it would be
neither just nor equitable that Prussia,
after having achieved her great conquests
without obstacles, should jealously watch
the smallest acquisition that might be de
sired by her neighbors, not in the interest
of ambition but of security.
A CONTRADICTORY REPORT FROM BERLIN.
Berlin (April 4) Telegram London Times.
Intelligence received here from the
Ha gue announces that the Dutch Govern
ment have officially informed the Prus
sian Cabinet that the sale of Luxemburg
has not yet been effected, and will not be
carried out without the consent of Prussia.
RUSSIA OPPOSED TO THE CESSION.
St. Petersburg, April ■3.— lt is semi
officially stated that Russia, as a consigna
tory of the treaty of 1839, will, at the re
; quest of Prussia, protest against Luxem
burg being ceded to France. As by the
dissolution of the Germanic Confederation
the treaties relative to Luxemburg have
not ceased to be in force, Russia is of
, opinion that the cession of Luxemburg
! could not be effected without the consent
of the great powers.
ENGLISH MEDIATION.
The Old says Prussia has written to
Lord Stanley to induce England to press
the Dutch Government to withdraw from
the negotiations with France, thatthe ques
tion ought to be dropped without bringing
the Cabinets of Berlin and Paris into col
lision. Tlie policy of strict non-interven
tion which Lord Stanley has laid out for
his guidance may, The Owl is lead to
believe, be on this occasion slightly de
parted from.
A Berlin telegram of tlie 4tli of April
says: “Intelligence received here from
the Hague announces that the Dutch Gov
ernment lias officially informed the Prussian
Cabinet that the sale of Luxemburg has
not yet been effected, and will not be car
ried out without the consent of Prussia.
The London Times says it is a disgrace,
to French statesmen that, tlie Luxemburg ’
scheme should ever have been entertained.
France will show her deference for Europe—
an opinion by abandoning this ill-omened
negotiation, which would not only unite all
Germany against her, but break off the
intimate friendship which prevails between
her and other European powers.
Lord Stanley, in giving some explana
tions in the House of Commons, said that
tho consent of the King of Holland was
from the first made conditional upon that
of the people of Luxemburg, and also
upon tho consent of Prussia. What the
feeling of tlie people of Luxemburg might
be he would not undertake to say, but
he strongiy doubted whether the consent
of Prussia would be given, and if these
conditions were not fulfilled tlie transaction
would fall to the ground. He had return
ed a reply to that effect to Prussia, and lie
had since learned from the official rep
resentative of the King of the Netherlands
that the negotiations were at an end.
Lord Stanley said he had not considered
it necessary on the part of tlie government
to communicate with Holland and France j
on the subject.
Frccilincn’s Schools in Georgia.
Macon, Ga., April 19,1807.
Editors Daily Telegraph:
Presuming that tho education of the
colored population of Georgia is a subject
of general interest to your readers, I re
spectfully submit to your consideration the
following items taken from my report for
the month of March :
No. of schools sustained by froedmen 51
No. of schools sust’nd by tho Bureau 13
No. of schools sustained by Northern
Societies 82
Total number of schools 1415
White teachers 109
Colored teachers 4~,
Total number of teachers 154
Total number of pupils 10,203
Average attendance 7,431
Pupils in alphabet 2,111
In reading 8,152
In geography 1,422
In arithmetic 2,085
In writing 2,380
In grammar 117 {
There are schools in forty-six counties— ,
there being from one to seventeen schools i
iu each of that number of counties.
The total cost of sustaining the schools;
during the month wa3 $0,050. Os that '
amount the freedmeu paid $2,000. the j
Bureau SBIO, and Northern Societies
$3,-840.
! In the eighty-two schools sustained by
the North, there are 7,792 pupils—almost
i four-fifths of the whole number enrolled.
Os these, there are 1,450 in the schools
in Savannah, 1,000 in Augusta, 1,350 in
Atlanta, 1,180 in Maconp and 050 in Co
lumbus.
In connection with the day schools—
taught by the same teachers —there are 55
Sunday schools, with an attendance of 7,159
pupils.
; The above figures show an increase,
j since February, of three shoots, nine
teachers, and twelve hundred pupils. My
April report will show a much larger in
crease.
There are, in addition to the schools re
ported by me, perhaps fifty others in the
State, with an attendance of twelve hun
dred pupils, making in all two hundred
’schools, and it is fair to presume that theie j
: are in Georgia to-day one hundred thou
sand colored' persons who are, in one way 1
and another, learning to read and write, f
So far as my knowledge extends, I have j
been able to observe no abatement in the j
desire for education, which was so enthu- j
siastically exhibited by the colored people j
“ when freedom came;” and, where they ;
enjoy the advantages of competent teach- j
ing. they make quite as rapid and sub
stantial progress as anv pupils I have ever
seen in schools of similar grades.
I am, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
G. L. Eberiiart,
Sup’t of Education for Georgia,
Bureau It., F. & A. L.
A Queer Will. —We have heard of
rather a queer will which was lately ad
mitted to probate in one of the counties
bordering on the upper Cumberland. A
wealthy old citizen had two sons, one of
whom was in the Federal army, and the
other in the Rebel ranks. During the
early part of the war, the old gentleman
was taken suddenly ill, and wishing to
divide his property equally between his
two sons, bequeathed to Henry (the
Federal soldier) all his slave property,
embracing about fifty negroes, and to
Thomas (the boy in grey) his entire
landed estates. He died; thus the will
stands. Both brothers lived to return
from the war, and the gallant soldier of
the Lost Cause, being perfectly satisfied
that slavery was no more, generously
divided the lands with his brother, and ;
both are living happily together, and are j
bitterly opposed to the Radical programme, j
—NaskviUe Gazette.
Ambition often puts men upon doing ■
tie meanest offices; so climbing is per- !
formed in the same posture with creeping, j
Georgia flews.
Western & a ti . „
The following is the
brought to Atlanta b” l ti °U,°- adcd car , s
Atlantic Railroad duritgthesb ", and
mg with tlie 20th of Anril • d '
April 15—Loaded Cars ,
April IB—Loaded Cars Ari-H-Ha
April 17—Loaded Cars
April 18—Loaded Cars Arrivtsl *’
April 19—Loaded Cars Arrived
April 20—Loaded Cars Arrived.;.;;;
Total No. of C;irs Arrived ,, —
Strangers visiting the Gate" Wtv'and
noticing the immense amount of freight
daily brought here over that magnificent
enterprise, the State Road, are led to
wonder what becomes of it all. Rut At
lanta is the great distributing point for au
immense section, and must continue to
grow in population and increase in busi
ness as the resources of tlie country shall
be developed and multiplied. Heavy as
the business done by tlie Western & At
lantic Road now is, it is nothing in com
parison with what it will be in a year or
two under its present efficient management.
Promptness, energy and industry never
fail to add to the business of all kinds oi‘
enterprises, whether public or private—a
; fact which should be more generally under -
| stood and acted upon. —Atlanta New Era.
j Revival Meetings.—We are pleased
to announce that the Baptist and Metho
dist churches of this city are enjoying a
season of precious revival. Meetings are
held nightly, and many are evincing serious
concern on the subject of religion. About
thirty have been baptized into tlie Baptist
church—tlie meetings of which church arc
suspended for one week, on account of the
absence of tlie Pastor, who goes to attend
the Georgia Baptist Convention at Colum
bus.— Macon Tel., 24th.
Distribution of Corn.— The distribu
tion of corn for the indigent of this county
by Messrs. Cooper & McArthur, ceased oil
Saturday morning, the supply having run
out. They have distributed, since the
commencement, two hundred and seventy
three rations to whites, and six hundred
and seventy-three rations to colored per
sons, making the total number of rations
distributed nine hundred and forty-six
These figures show a great destitution
throughout the county. After the rations
had been disposed of about one hundred
old and decrepid negroes made their ap
pearance for help, some of them having
traveled for miles from tlie interior. Sav.
News, 24 th.
The Crops. —ln all tin) wheat-growing
region of tills section of the State tlie
crop now looks as well as it did at the same
time in 1857, which was an extraordinary
wheat year. As the rains have ceased,
and it is not likely we shall have any more
frost, the prospect is now flattering for a
remarkable yield of this important cereal.
It was never more needed. If wheat should
fail tliis year, the suffering would be un
paralleled. As it is, we fear many persons
will need assistance before tlie crops ma
ture.
Oats also give promise of an abundant
yield. With plenty of wheat and oats,
both man and beast may be subsisted until
corn gathering time.
Speaking of corn, we hope every farmer
in this section will look well to tliis mat
ter, and not only see that he plants a suffi
ciency for his own use, but. let all try to
have a surplus.— Athens Watchman.
Brutal Assault.— On Monday night,
about eleven o’clock, as a gentleman was
on his way home, he was suddenly pounced
upon by two negroes, who were concealed
in a dark corner of an alley and were await
ing his approach. He was felled to tlie
earth by a blow from some instrument,
and while down was beaten in a horrible
manner, his head being badlycut in several
places. _ The assailants succeeded in mak
ing their escape.— Sav. News, 24 th.
Probable Homicide.— Upon informa
tion of a freedwoman, whose name for suf
ficient reasons wo omit, Judge Russell is
sued a warrant for tlie arrest of a freedman
in Chatham county, who was charged with
stabbing seriously, if not fatally, another
freedman. The officer promptly proceeded
to execute the warrant, but returned with
out being able to discover the whereabouts
of the accused. Tlie wounded man lies in
a precarious condition, the injuries.inflict
ed being supposed fatal. Further'-efforts
will be made to arrest the follow, which
we hope will be rewarded with success. —
Savannah Republican, 24th.
An Aged Woman. — Sallie, a woman
of color, formerly the property of Mrs. P.
Saffold, of this county, died in this place
on the 19th inst., at the advanced age of
one hundred and fifteen years. She pro
fessed religion and joined the Methodist
church and was baptized by immersion in
her one hundred and twelfth year. We are
informed that she was nearly blind for
years, but at the age of one hundred, her
sight returned, and she was almost able to
do any kind of sewing. She was engaged
during the greater part of the late war in
making clothes for the army.—Sandcrs
ville Georgian, 24th.
Savannah Rrdivivus.— James Bogar
dus, Esq., who has only been absent from
Savannah, where lie was raised, for the
brief period of forty-seven years and over,
recently paid a visit to our counting room,
on business connected with the News &
Herald. Young in appearance, ho seems
to us a veteran. Something over forty
seven years ago he walked up to tlie cupola
of the City Exchange with a party of
friends, and on going over tlie same steps
the other day, he remarked that he did not
think one of the party except himself was
now living. When In Savannah, Mr.
Bogardus was associated in business with
the. lamented Penfield, founder of the
chapel and college which bear his name.
Soon after his death, Mr. B. left Savan
nah, and has since been in Europe. For
four years he has resided in summer in
New York, spending his winters in Cuba.
He is here on a brief visit, for pleasure,
but finds few of his old acquaintances alive.
He is at the Screven House, with some
Northern friends, to whom lie had extolled
tlie city of his early associations, and who,
we. hope, are not disappointed in their
visit to theForost City. —Savannah News,
18 th.
Killing the Stock.—A planter of
Russell county tells us that he has lost sev
eral mules by feeding to them Western
corn, and that he hears of deaths among
his neighbors’ stock from the same cause.
The corn, he says, looks sound when not
closely examined, but when broken will be
found to be rotten inside. Planters and
other owners of horses and mules should
be cautious in feeding this corn. The fact
is well established that it does sometimes
kill stock ; and there is none in this sec
tion of country to lose. —Columbus En
quirer, 24</f.
! Crops in Dougherty.— Ed. Albany
j News: —The extent of my observation is
: °f course limited to my own neighborhood,
: hut ii the crops here is a criterion to judge
j by, the farmers in Southwest Georgia
! must enjoy a good deal of satisfaction in
I the prospects of their crops. Corn looks
; finely as a general thing, and has grown a
great deal within the past week, although
j I hear some complaint that the “hud
| worm” is doing corn considerable injury.
| I hope that this is more apparent than
j real,"as my own observation leads me to
I believe. The prospect of good stands of
I cotton is fine in all that is up so far as I
; can sec, and unless bad seed have been
I used, I think there will be but little com
j plaint on that score. Cotton that was
planted just before the late heavy rains
! has had a bad chance to get through the
! crust which formed on the ground, hut it
has come up well, nevertheless, and it is
! believed that the dews will be sufficient to
; bring it up so as to ensure a good stand.
; Personal.—We had the pleasure yes
i terday of a visit from Mr. Thomas C.
Peters, the special agentof the Agricultural
Bureau at Washington for the distribution
of seeds and plants in the Southern States,
and for the collection of information con
cerning the crops and agricultural interests
generally of our section. Mr. Peters will
j be recollected by our readers as the author
of the able and manly vindication of the
j South from Radical misrepresentation,
■ which we published a few weeks aan. and
' which, independent of the claims of his
! official position, should commend him to
the friendly and cordial a.ii ; our
peoji.e. He is now making arrangements
for a sub-agent of the Bureau in every
"county, and where practicable, every
magistrate’s district in the Southern
i-tates, and we trust much good will result
from his labors.—, Macon telegraph, 26th.
Tiie Wheat Crop.—We are pleased to
learn from our country friends of the fine
prospect for a wheat crop in this county.
A vast quantity was sown, considering the
reduced condition of our farmers, and the
oldest inhabitant does not remember to
have seen, at this period of the season, a
more flattering prospect for a large yield.
With auspicious seasons, and the absence
of the evils peculiar to the growth in this
section, the yield, according to the amount
planted, will be unprecedented.— Cov. En
terprise, 26th.
\ I,A ,T AL Accident.—We regret to learn
that Capers Young, a son of Dr. Young, of
this city, was run over yesterday by a loco
motive, near the shop of the Georgia Rail
road, and instantly killed. It is stated that
he was on the locomotive, and fell in at
tempting to get off. He was twelve or
thirteen years of age. —Atlanta Intelli
gencer, 26 th.
A Sensible German. —There is wit as
well as wisdom in this pithy story:
i here is a German porter in one of the
argest hanking and brokerage houses in
Wall street, New iork, who has been
there in 15 a I capacity for nearly twenty
years, and has saved about forty thousand
dollars, which he has on deposit with that
firm, in their safe, in Government bonds.
When asked by a bevy of juvenile clerks
how he managed to be so rich, he replied :
“ lou see, when I get a shillin’ in my
pocket, and I want’s a glass of lager, and
I thinks l can do without it, I don’t get
um,”