Newspaper Page Text
OLO SERIES-VOL. LXXU.
NEW SERIES VOL. XXXVIII.
TERMS.
THE DAILY CHROKICLF. A SENTINEL, the oldest
in theU-Tfith, ia published daily,
cept M >nday. Term-: Per year,slo; six moutbi,
$5; three months, %l 60.
THE TKI-WEEKLY k SENTINEL i*
publish'd every Taeeday, Thursday and Satur
day. Term : One year, $5; a x month-, $2 50.
THE WEEKLY CHRONICLE k SENTINEL is pub
li-h- i- very Wednesday. Terms : One year, $2
six months, sl.
SUBS ItIPTIONS in all cases in advance, and no
pa: r t itmued after the expirat.ou of the time
paid for.
BATES OF ADVERTISING IN DAILY.—AI! tran
sient advertisement* wiil be charged at the rate
of |1 per s {tutre for f-aoh insertion for the first
w.ek. Advertisements in the Tri-Weekly, two
thirds of the rat*** in the Daily; and in the
Weekly, onc-half the Daily at*n. Marriage and
1- ...era Noti.-es, $1 each. H|>ecia Notices, $1
p r square for the publication. Special
rtf*** will be made for advertisements running
for a month or longer.
REMITTANCES should be male by Post Office
M ti«*y Orders r Express. If this cannot lx* I
done, pr tecti-m against losses by mail may be
secured by forwarding a draft payable to thr
Proprietors of the Chuoviclk k sentinel, or by
sending the money in a registered letter.
ALL COMMI'NICATION’S announcing candidates
for office -from County Constvble to Member of
Congress will be charged for at the rate of
twenty cents per line. All announcements must
be paid for in ad vane*.
Address WALSH k WRIGHT,
Chronicle k Hkntikki . Augusta, (ia.
(Hjrom'clc anD
WEDNESDAY. ... AUGUST 12, 1874.
MINOR TOPICS.
According to tins Vienna papers, 1 lie Emperor
of Germany, in congratulating the Emperor of
Ait*tr.a. recently mid : “I hope for the renewal
of our old companionship in arm- to secure
peace for many yearn, which in equally desired
on all Hide*."
The Cologne Gazette states that notwith
standiug the repugnance of Alaace-Lonainers
for the “lightning conductors,” an German
helmets are nicknamed, the number of young
men who have undertaken military service in
on the increaHe.
Madame Lenoir Jousserau. a French lady of
great wealth, who ban just died, ban bequeath'
ed ten million franen for the erection of a vast
hospital in the Faubourg of Paris ; ami to the
Htate she has left a grand collection of works
of art and artistic curiosities.
One of the pieces of wisdom enunciated at a
teachern' institute wan thin : that in teaching,
“success rmißt depend in a large measure upon
love for the work. If you have no pleasure in
the work, the sooner you get out of it the bet
tor for yourself and probably for the pupils.”
Stanley writes : “No drunkard can live in
Africa. The very fever discovers hid weak
point, attackd him and killn liim. I knew noth
ing much of tliid terrible recurring malady pre
vioiid to my African experieuces, Lut I had
eaiido before I ended my iniddion to know that
a drunkard id leaHt able to withdtand a tropical
and malarious climate.”
Whoever induced the President to break hid
golden rule of silence and make that xpeecli at
Atlantic City Wad uu true friend to him. Wo
know of no man with whom dilonce in public id
more truly golden, or whose Hpeech id a more
flimsy kind of currency. We think ho would
do well to atick to the apecie basis in tliia mat*
tor of Hpeech-rnaking. —lloslon Globe (Iml).
According to the North German Gazette , the
Gorman Miniatry haa ordered the police au
thorillea to deal with Catholic associations aH
atrictl.v aa the law will permit. The Minister
of Justice haa inetmeted the public prosecu
tora to ho very vigilant in regard to Ultramon
tane agitation, especially in the press, as ille
gal acta and serious Crimea are attributable
thereto.
In his lecture on “Dr. Frioatly’s Discovery of
Oxygen Ghm," in tho Popular Science Monthly,
Professor Uraper aaya: “What can he more
touching, or even more beautiful, than tho
last Hceno of Priestly's life ? When liia little
grand-children were brought to hia bedside to
hid him good night, ho uttered hia last words :
‘I go to sleep like you, but we shall wake to
gether, and I hopo to oternal happiness.’”
Dotroit judge to Daniel Smith : “Whisky
is what aila you, air, and if some good kicker
would get hold of you and hoot you from liam
tranick to Springwells it would do more good
than a ran of tho fever. When I aeo a young
man like you loafing round, clothes in rags,
eyes red, none red, hoola out, pockets empty
and feathers in his hair, I wonder why the
lightning ever at rikes any one else. Take him
hack, Itijah. and when tho Maria starts make
him waltz up lively." —Free Press.
Rev. Florence McCarthy, of Chicago, said in
liia sermon last Sunday, on the temptations of
clergymen : “A few months ago the pastor of
ono of the large llaptiat churches of this city
received several anonymous letters from a
lady member of the church. Ho was much ex
ercised over it. He pondered long and deeply
aa to what ho should do in tho case. Ho filially
wont to hia weekly ohurch prayer meeting, and
at the conclusion atatod some things, and asked
if any of the ladies had written wuch letters to
him. Os course uo ono arose."
Dr. John Wilson, of Davenport, England,
haw just died in consequence of a lamentable
aooident. While engaged at tlio Itoyal Albert
Hospital in performing a post-mortem exami
nation, he unknowingly poisoned himself with
morbific matter. On the following day a small
pimple appeared near bis elbow, but it was not
for some time evident what had occurred.
His arm swelled to an enormous size, and ho
became in a most precarious condition. The
best medical skill of tlio neighborhood was of
course in requisition, and after some days of
intense suffering it appeared as if the poison
had boon successfully combated, his health im
proved, and everything seemed to indicate a
speedy recovery, when quite unexpectedly, on
July 9th. he died in his sleep.
From one of Saint Beecher’s sermons:
“When temptations tty through the communi
ty they often take the best fruits that hang
upon the bough of tlio household, the sweet
hearted, the sympathetic, the impulsive, the
beauteous; and when temptation has shaken
the tree, if there is auv fniit iliat is not shaken
off from the bough, it is tlio little surly, sour
worthless crab that is not ripe. The men that
are uot overthrown by temptation are often
those who are censorious. They are often the
critics of those that do fall. They are hard
men; they are men that are cold, and that it
gives one the chills to shake hands with, they
are men that never feel the swell of rever
bererating passions in themselves. They are
men that go rock-ribbed and stony-hearted
along through life, and talk about those who
give way to their feelings and go to destruc
tion. They never give way to /Mr feelings
that is sure.”
“No animal,” says a writer in Frasir, con
tending against Darwinism, ‘ has ever been
so honored, so carefully tended, and so
prized by mau as the horse. He has been for
many years the companion and darling of man.
Yet. is the horse of to-day more exalted than
the horse of Job, and Homer, and Virgil ? Do
we notice him to bo in a course of transition to
a higher state of being, accompanied with
some change of form, and with a manifest en
largement of capacity .- We notice nothing of
the kind, and, moreover, expect nothing of the
kind. We confidently expect him to remain a
horse, he and his descendants, to the last
chapter of this world's history. Neither the
ant uor the lee is a whit more sagacious than
they were in the days of Solomon or Virgil.
They are not in course of transition to a
higher platform —they are absolutely sta
tionary- tlieir organs no way either improved
or multiplied.”
In regard to the charge that the English
sparrows drive away our native birds. Dr.
Brewer, the zoologist, declares that he would
very much like to know when, where and how.
“Will someone." he asks, “please produce the
evidence, and, till he can do it, stop this story,
which 1 utterly discredit ? It is certainly not
so with us. Each year shows an increasing
number of birds, apparently drawn to our pub
lic gardens by the presence of these birds.
The little chipping sparrow seeks out the com
pany of these foreigners, joins their flocks,
and feeds with them utimole.-ted. and with
mutual good will. Other birds, such as the
king bird, the Maryland yellow throat, the
Bummer veilow bird, and several other species
never seen here before, may now be seen in
our public gardens. Instead of driving away
other species, I maiutain that they attract
them.”
The Fpcctati >r imagines the historian of the
future writing of English society of 1974 as
having given itself with "an almost avidity to
the pursuit of an unattainable excitement.—
Enormously expauded in volume, inordinately
rich, serrated by deep caste fissures, it had
split into coteries, each endeavoring in its own
more or lees frivolous way to allay in excite
meut the universal feeling of unrest. Society
had no dignity, no calm, and very little con
tent. Falconry, the cruel, st and most danger
ous of sports. regained the favor it held be
fore the idea that an animal could suffer had
entered the British mind. The safo slaughter
of pigeons became a national sport, and skill
in it excited the applause of women. Nothing
but the determination of the magistrates pre
vented a similar revival of cock-fighting. Rac
ing became from amusement a pursuit; cricket,
from a healthy game, became a profession;
the universities publicly contended with each
other for distinction in billiards. Within the
houses of the rich extravagance rose to a
mania, yet was accompanied by a previously
unknown thirst for gain. Every noble became
a tradesman,” and so on.
IMPORTANT TO TAX PAYERS.
We have received from Comptroller-
General W. L. Goldsmith, a copy of his
instructions to Tax Collectors. Our at
tention is called to an act amending the
Revenue laws which provides that “it
shall not be lawful for any manager of
an election, or other person, to receive
any money for taxes on the day of elec
tion, except the tax collector, and if any
voter shall vote who has not paid his
taxes, his vote shall be illegal, and the
commissioners who consolidate their re
turns of the election shall not count
»ueh votes in making out the return.”
The Comptroller calls special atten
tion to this act in his instructions to
Tax Collectors. In view of the issues
involved in the forthcoming elections
both State and Federal taxpayers should
see to it that their votes are not lost on
acconnt of non-payment of taxes.”
THE REPEAL OF THE USURY LA4Y.
The editor of the Athens Watchman
is captious in his reply to our remarks
in opposition to liis article advocating
the re-enactment of the usury law. He
states that his facts stand as strong as
adamant, and cannot be upset by our
ad caplandurn denials or lame attempts
at wit. His facts are that it is difficult
to get a note renewed in bank, because
25 per cent, on money could be obtained
elsewhere; that before the repeal of the
usury law Georgia Railroad stock was
above par and much sought after, while
now it brings only 82 to 83; that since
the repeal of the usury law money brings
25 per cent.; that parties who own va
cant lots do not build because money at
interest pays better; that manufacturing
enterpises are at a stand; still because
capitalists can get twenty-five per cent,
by loaning their money ; and that this
is true of industrial enterprises gener
ally—all of which the editor of the
Watchman says will be crippled as
long as there is no limit on the rate of
interest.
These are the facts which we have, ac
cording to our Athenian brother, at
tempted to upset by ad captundurn
denials and lame attempts at wit. We
stated in a previous article that the re
peal of the usury law had no effect what
ever in increasing the rate of interest,
or in depreciating the price of Georgia
Railroad stock. Any intelligent man
whrf reads our paper will admit the
truth of our statements. The terrible
panic of last year created such a
stringency in the money market
that nearly all stocks, especially
railroad, shrunk in value. This strin
gency still continues, and as a con
sequence there is but very little money
seeking investment in home securities.
The Georgia Railroad stock is largely
held by planters. At the commence
ment of the present planting season our
merchants and factors were compelled
to curtail their business by doing away
as far as possible with the credit system.
The banks had escaped with difficulty
and they declined to take the same
risks in discounting paper that they did
for years previous. Owing to this con
dition of affairs Georgia Railroad stock
was forced on the market by planters
and merchants, and hence the de
cline, which, under the circumstances,
is natural. In 18(57, ’6B, ’69 and ’7O,
when the usury law was in force, Geor
gia Railroad stock was on an average
much lower than to-day, selling as low
as 75, and we think that it touched 05
cents on the dollar in 1860. There is
no money seeking investment now in
railroad stocks because the people re
quire all the ready money that they can
obtain to carry on their planting and
other interests. Should our farmers be
fortunate in making good crops and in
obtaining fair prices, we look for our
favorite home securities to advance in
prioe. Not otherwise. With all due
respect, therefore, for the facts of the
Watchman, we must insist that the
repeal of tho usury law had nothing to
do with the depreciation of Georgia
Railroad stock. It is a fact that good
paper is readily discounted in this city
for thirty, sixty, and we believe ninety
days, at the rate of 13 per cent., which
is lower if anything than when the
usury law was in operation in this State.
In the last two years (since the repeal
of the usury law, which has prevented
people from building houses on vacant
lots in Athens) there have been more
substantial buildings erected in Augusta
than during any two years in its history.
In the way of manufacturing the Au
gusta Factory has made arrangements
to increase the capacity of its mill about
one-tliird, by erecting anew building
and putting in new machinery. Messrs.
Russell A Simmons have erected a cot
ton factory for the manufacture of rope
and yarns, and Messrs. J. Monaoh &
Cos. have a similar mill in operation.
The repeal of the usury law has notope
rated against our manufacturing inter
ests, as the enterprises enumerated have
been inaugurated and completed withiu
the last two years—one within the last
four months.
There are other parts of the Watch
man's article to which we might refer,
but we think we have established that
the usury law cannot be made the scape
goat for the high rate of interest and
the depreciation of Georgia Railroad
stock. We sympathize with our brother,
though we do not admit the plea, and
we regret to learn the repeal of the usury
law has prevented the owners of vacant
lots in Athens from erecting buildings
thereon. This is a great calamity to the
people of Georgia, and, forsooth, the
usury law must be re-enacted !
The editor of the JFiaft’Aman thinks
that the people are not willing to sub
scribe to the doctrine that the masses
are mere beasts of burden, while the
favored few are born booted and spurred,
ready to mount and ride them. The
people would be very foolish if they did.
We have a better opinion of the intelli
gence and courage of our fellow-citizens
and so has the editor of the Watchman,
but the booted aud spurred is capital.
The editor of the Watchman asserts
it is neither right nor just to tax labor
and exempt capital. All will admit this.
Are not the capitalists of Georgia taxed ?
Is there any discrimination in their
favor as against the poor ? If there be,
and we most emphatically deny that
there is any unjust discrimination, the
people of Georgia who control the legis
lation of the State are responsible.
After referring to the favored few—
the booted and spurred riding the
masses—taxing labor and exempting
capital, invoking the authority of the
Bible, which consigns usurers to ever
lasting punishment with murderers,
drunkards, liars, etc.—after calling on
the toiling masses to repeal the meanest
of all “class legislation,” which exempts
capital and overtaxes labor, the editor
of the Watchman innocently says :
“Now let no one say we are trying to
array labor against capital—for it is not
true.”
We confess to a sense of disappoint
ment and surprise that the editor of any
paper in the State should take the posi
tion set forth in the Watchman. Views
like these, however honestly enter
tained, are calculated to create dissatis
faction and division at home, and to do
the State injury abroad.
The true policy to adopt, and the
only one to adhere to, is to invite capi
tal to come within our State and to give
every encouragement and protection to
its owners in developing car agriculture,
manufacturing and mineral resources.
We must adopt a liberal, a just and pro
gressive policy if we desire people of
means to make Georgia their home. In
this way the State can be built up,
money made plentiful, and consequently
cheap, and taxes low.
RAILROAD TEMPERANCE.
We have before us from the Baltimore
American an article on the subject of
“Railroad Temperance,” which strikes
us so favorably that we have decided to
give it prominent notice, as it will be
sure to interest all classes of our readers.
Railroad officials and employees cannot
be too particular in enforcing and ob
serving temperance at all times, espe
cially while on duty.
Abstinence from intoxicating liquors
on the part of men who have charge of
trains and ships would prevent many a
horrible accident on land and sea, and
save many a valuable life. Corpora
tions cannot be too particular in exact
ing temperance on the part of their em
ployees. Habitual drinkers are danger
ous men to have employed in the ca
pacity of engineers and conductors on
railroads, especially so if they drink
while on duty. We know of our own
knowledge engineers and conductors on
roads running out of this city who never
drink on their trains. These men are
invaluable and the example they set is
worthy of all praise.
The accidents that occur to steam
boats, steamships and sailing vessels
can frequently be traced to drunkenness
on the part of officers. The Presidents
and Directors of railroads, and the
owners of vessels carrying passengers
and immigrants, will not be held guilt
less for the act of a drunken officer,
whose criminal neglect of duty
sends hundreds to horrible deaths
and premature graves. If the offi
cials of railroads and the owners
of vessels paid more attention to the
capacities and habits of the men into
whose keeping are entrusted human
life, the mortuary record would not
show such a fearful death rate. Col
lisions and explosions and shipwrecks,
and their ghastly denouements and
their horrible details would cease to ter
rify the mind and agonize the heart.
Human life is too precious to be en
trusted in the keeping of men who are
not strictly temperate and competent.
The article which has called forth our
remarks is the following from the
American:
Perhaps the strongest argument in fa
vor of total abstinence from intoxicating
liquors is the effort that is constantly
being made by railroad companies and
large manufacturers to induce the men
in their employ to practice it. The
shrewd, practical men who manage our
great lines of transportation are neither
enthusiasts nor “reformers,” and when
they lay down prohibitory liquor law for
their employees theyarenot'governedby
sentimental or moral considerations.
The General Superintendent of a rail
road cares very little whether the wine
drunk at the marriage feast in Cana was
the unfermented juice of the grape ox
something more exhilarating, but ex
perience has taught him that the en
gineers and conductors and switchteud
ers and dispatchers of trains who drink
wine and whisky and lager beer, mode
rately or otherwise, cannot be depended
on, and he therefore issues orders di
recting all the men under his control to
refrain from the use of intoxicating
beverages, and makes tho penalty for
the violation of this rule instant dis
charge from the service of the company.
The genteel moderate drinkers who
think that an occasional glass of whisky
does a man a great deal of good, and
who always carry a fair supply with
them when they travel by rail, would
feel very nervous if they supposed that
the conductor of the train held the same
views as themselves, and carried them
into practice. If they imagined that the
engineer had a flask in his tool chest
from which he took occasional draughts
to keep up his spirits and fortify him
self for his work, they would get off at
the first station and wait until a train
run by total-abstinence men should
come along. There are few persons who
do not know that the men who run the
trains are prohibited from drinking,
either moderately or immoderately, and
the knowledge of this fact gives an in
creased sense of comfort and safety to
the traveling public.
The Buffalo Express gives an account
of a temperance society organized in
that city last Winter, when the crusade
excitement was at its height, the mem
bership of which is composed entirely
of the employees of the Erie Railway.
The Division Superintendent and a
number of officers of lesser rank are
active members, and over three hundred
of the engineers, conductors, brakemen,
machinists and laborers. Regular meet
ings are held in one of the halls of the
city, which are open to the public, and
the exercises are of a most instructive
and interesting character, and afford
both profit and amusement to those who
attend.
The officers of the railway bear testi
mony to the beneficial effect of this com
mon sense temperance society in the
working of the road. There is, owing
to the increased care and more prompt
attention to business displayed by the
men, greater precision in carrying out
the complicated system of operations.
The numberless little annoying occur
rences and accidents resulting from want
of proper caution and attention which
the public do not hear of and know
nothing about, but which railroad offi
cials are painfully cognizant of, are now
very rare on the Buffalo division of the
Erie Road.
The effect upon the men themselves
is no less marked and gratifying. The
■morale of the entire force has been im
mensely elevated by the leaven that has
been so skilfully and properly introduced.
Sobriety and industry are now marked
cliaracterictics of it, and from this na
turally flows all these better qualities of
heart and mind that go to make up in
telligeut and worthy employees and citi
zens. The association has been the means
of producing all the good results among
its members that its most ardent friends
ever anticipated would come from it.
These facts suggest a direction that
may very probably be given to temper
ance efforts among classes and in other
places. This society is eminently prac
tical in all its operations. It does not
seek to draw its members into the
arena of political strife, nor to reform
them by the seductions of gorgeous
paraphermalia and elaborate ritual. It
simply combines their business with
their moral interests and proves to
them by their own experience that
both will be promoted by a total ab
stinence from intoxicating beverages.
By confining its membership to the em
ployees of a particular road it concen
trates its influence upon them, while by
allowing the public to attend and par
ticipate in its meetings it secures all
the outside encouragement and assis
tance that it can make either pleasant or
profitable. There is common sense in
its organization and management, and
the example which its founders have set
might be followed with advantage, not
only by other railway officials, "bat by
all who have large numbers of men un
der their control.
An exchange calls attention to the
fact not generally known that the value
of the leather product of the United
States is greater than the value of the
iron product. The following statement
will be of interest: During the year 1870
there were in the United States 4,237
tanneries and 3,082 currying establish
ments, employing 30,811 men, and using
255,350 cords of bark. A capital of
$55,024,290 was invested in the business
and the aggregate sum of 812,088,430
was paid as wages to workmen. The
value of the product exceeded 8286 -
000,000, while the value of the iron bu
siness was less than 8100,000,000, of the
cotton manufacturers less than 8178,000 -
000. To a greater extent than most
other articles, leather, when worn out
is an absolute loss, as it then cannot be
utilized to any great extent. Iron and
most of other articles above mentioned
when worn out, are utilized and perform
important functions in the economy of
uses.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 12, 1874.
THE CIVIL RM4HTS BILL.
The Radical party advocates the pas
sage of the supplementary Civil Rights
bill. Having emancipated and enfranchis
ed the negroes of the South, having
made them politically equal by placing
the ballot in their hands, the work of
fanaticism still goes on. All the bar
riers of nature must give way, and the
negroes must be placed on the same
social plane occupied by the whites.
There must be no distinction of race or
color in our schools and colleges, in our
hotels and places of amusement, in our
churches and our public conveyances. It
will not satisfy the fell spirit of party
hate and fanatical zeal to secure for the
negroes, separate and apart from the
whites, all the advantages and facilities
enjoyed by them. The negroes have
their own schools and colleges and
churches; they have their own board
ing houses, and there is no objec
tion to their having hotels; they have
apartments provided in our places of
amusement, and on our railroads and
steamboats. But this is not enough to
satisfy the Sum neks and Habpebs, the
Gabbisons and the Wilsons, the
Bbowns and the PmLLipses, the Love
joys and the Sewabds— spirits of the
past and present—who will sacrifice
every interest and principle and trample
upon every sacred right, and outrage
every cherished feeling of the people of
the South rather than abandon the
fanaticism that has already deluged this
land with blood Not satisfied with the
slaughtered hecatombs of the South and
the North—the result of New England
abolitionists—these howling fanatics
still agitate and press forward for recog
nition an obnoxious and impracticable
theory—the solution of which, if at
tempted to be carried into effect, must
inevitably alienate the races and be the
frequent cause of riot and bloodshed.
No friend of the colored race in the
South or in the North, who understands
the actual condition of affairs here,
can consistently advocate the passage
of the supplementary Civil Rights bill.
The effect of such a law will be ruinous
to tho peace of society, and disastrous
to the material interests of the South.
Instead of advancing it will retard the
political, pecuniary, social and educa
tional interests of the colored race in
the South. The question of party su
premacy will become subordinate and
the question of race will predominate
the political issues in every Southern
State. The pernicious advocacy of this
Social Rights bill has already drawn the
line of demarkation in our sister States.
It is no longer a question of party in
Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Ala
bama and South Carolina. It is a
question of race. The lines are drawn
and the canvass will have to be con
ducted in every Southern State for the
purpose of securing white supremacy at
home as well as for the purpose of send
ing representatives to Congress who will
defeat the passage of the Social Rights
bill. In such a contest no white Re
publican, who has committed himself in
favor of this obnoxious and destructive
bill, can hope to obtain the support of
any white man who retains the least self
respectj*f*Wio earnestly seeks the wel
fare of the Aolored race.
Hopper's Weekly advocates and in
sists upon the passage of this bill as
necessary to secure the rights guaran
teed to the colored race by the results
of the war, and the amendments to the
Constitution. It insists that the pre
judice in the South against tho inferior
race must be overcome by Federal legis
lation ; that the negro will not be eqnal
before the law until he is legislated into
schools and colleges, hotels and railroad
cars. It characterizes the natural feel
ing of opposition to the social equality
which this bill contemplates as a pre
judice—a theory and an evil, which will be
only temporary in its nature. It ar
rives at this conclusion from the idea
that there was equally violent opposi
tion to enlisting negroes in the Federal
army ; that there was bitter opposition
to placing the ballot in their hands after
the war, but that both the opposition
and prejudice to these measures sub
sided so soon as they became accom
plished and legal facts. The Social
Rights bill, it argues, is but the consum
mation of the manumission and en
franchisement of the negro race. Had
not the question been raised in Con
gress, suggests this so-called journal of
civilization, its decision might wait
upon the general ground that the ne
cessity of legislation had not arisen; but
since it has been raised, some kind of
action on the part of the Republican
party is necessary, and concludes Har
per's Weekly: “That action which
maintains the constitutional and con
ceded rights of the citizen, will with
draw the negro as such, from politics,
and will leave prejudice only its own
folly to feed upon.”
This italicised quotation embodies the
great issue of that portion of the Re
publican party to whom Chables Sum
nek committed his Civil Rights bill. It
is stripped of all ambiguity, that the
negroes must have the same rights as the
whites in our schools and colleges, in
our places of amusement and accomo
dation, in our places of worship and of
transportation; that they must have the
right to sit by the side of whites, and that
all distinctions and barriers on account
of race and color must be broken down.
This is the mission of the Republican
party. This is the dying injunction of
Sumnek, and the living shibboleth of his
followers, who are strong in numbers
and earnest in the advocacy of their
suicidal measure.
Fanaticism is blind. Never was a
measure so fraught with disastrous con
sequences to the peace and propsperity
of a country. It will embitter the race
feeling, engender strife and provoke con
flict. It will destroy our educational in
terests and deprive the negro of the ad
vantages which he now enjoys in the
separate systems of education in this
and other Southern States. The white
people of the South submitted to the
emancipation of the negroes; they sub
mitted to their enfranchisement and ac
cepted and abided by the results of the
war. They have acted in good faith under
the most trying ordeals. The supremacy
of the Governdieut is complete. All the
results of the war are secured, and all
its consequences are accepted. This
social equality bill of Mr. Sumneb is not
a legitimate consequence of the enfran
chisement of the colored race. The
people of the South do not so regard it.
It is not demanded by the new citizen
for his protection, because its effect will
be to deprive himself and his children
of privileges and facilities, not rights,
without which he will retrograde in the
scale of civilization and return to that
primitive and debased condition from
which he originated. Every principle,
every policyjof humanity and patriotism,
demand that this Social Rights bill do
not pass.
No friends of the negro race, who un
derstand the feeling in the South, can
advocate or wish the passage of a meas
ure so certain to resnlt disastrously to
the blacks. In sympathy with this view
we present the following letter written to
the editor of Harper’s Weekly by a
Republican, of Georgia, whose name is
not given :
I am not aware that history records
the fact of two races living together
happily and prosperously, upon terms
of perfect equality, for any very long
time If the Supplementary Civil
Rights bill become a law, the public
common school system of Georgia, as
well as most of the Southern States, will
be abandoned, in my opinion. It is im
material what the sentiment of opposi
tion may be called, whether prejudice,
fanaticism, aristocracy, or whatever ;
it exists, and it can not be overcome
during the present generation. The op
position is stronger among the poor
whites, and that class embraces most of
the Republicans, than among the rich,
who can educate their own children.
No law so odious as this can be enforced
among a people so hostile to it. Mas
sachusetts was perhaps more law-abid
ing than the Southern States, and the
Fugitive Slave Law could not be enforced
there without producing riots and blood
shed. My judgment is that there is
but little to be gained by the colored
man by the passage of the law, and he
will lose infinitely by it. No man can
be sustained in the Southern States who
approves it, except by the colored voters,
and the strong tendency of such a state
of things must be to "produce a party
based exclusively on race—a result
greatly to be deplored by both, but
more especially by the colored iian. I
think that the bill will defeat one if not
two of the Republican members of Con
gress from this State this Fall. The
whites can’t approve it, and the blacks
can’t succeed without whites to lead, and
if some can be found to lead, they will
lead colored men only.
The editor refers to the writer of the
foregoing as an “eminent Republican”
and a “very sagacious native of the re
gion from which he writes.” The letter
was not written for publication, but to
state privately the convictions of the
writer. Similar views are entertained
by every Republican in Georgia who
favors the cultivation of friendly rela
tions between the races, and who wishes
the State to prosper, and both races to
dwell together in peace. Even Bkown
low, of Tennessee, opposes this bill.—
No Representative in Congress from the
South who has either sense or self-re
spect can advocate it. Certainly no
white Republican, actuated by an
honest desire to do the greatest good
(by avoiding the greatest evil) to the
colored race, can give it his support.
We have some faith in the conserva
tism of moderate Republicans North.
We do not believe that they wish to
pass a law which will work] evil to the
best interests of the entire South. They
cannot be so vindictive as to continue
to enact punitive laws against the South
ern people. The feeling of hostility to
social equality—for the Civil Rights
bill is practically but this—is so deep
rooted in the Southern heart that no
legislation of the Federal Government
can ever reconcile our people to its un
natural and repulsive features.
THE STATE TAX.
Pursuant to section one of the tax act
passed by the General Assembly which
authorizes the Governor, with the assist
ance of the Comptroller General, to assess
and levy such a per centage on the
taxable property as will produce the
sum of one million dollars, exclusive of
specific taxes, provided such a per cent,
so levied and assessed, shall not exceed
four-tenths of one per cent.; it is order
ed that four-tenths of one per cent, be
assessed and collected upon the amount
of the value of taxable property return
ed by or assessed against such tax payer,
and upon the value of all property in
the State subject to taxation ad valorem.
It is further ordered that one-tenth of
one per cent, be assessed and collected
as aforesaid, to meet the first installment
and interest of the bonds known as the
Nutting bonds.
The act under which these bonds were
issued provides that a specific tax shall
be assessed and collected to meet the in
terest and principal as they fall due.
This is of course exclusive of the State
tax which is four-tenths of one per cent,
as authorized by the Legislature.
GOV. SMITH MISREPRESENTED.
A correspondent of the Cincinnati
Commercial represented Governor
Smith as being in favor of President
Gbant for a third term, if he would deal
justly with our people and be as much
the President; of the South as of the
North. We expressed surprise at the
time at the remarks attributed to his
Excellency, and took occasion to say
that such views were not entertained by
any considerable portion of the people
of Georgia. Governor Smith has au
thorized the editor of the Atlanta Con
stitution to state that he was misrepre
sented by the correspondent of the
Cincinnati Commercial, and that he
never expressed, nor does he entertain
views favorable to the re-election of
President Gbant for a third term.
- In oar Sunday’s paper we published
from the Atlanta News an authoritative
denial on the part of Gov. Smith of
Mr. Kimball’s innocence. The latter
endeavored to make it plain that Gov.
Smith held him legally and morally in
nocent ; but it now appears that he
(Kimball) misunderstood the Governor
and was too favorably impressed by his
cordial manner to represent what he
did say correctly. Gov. Smith express
ed no opinion as to Mr. Kimball’s
innocence. He was not called upon to
do so. The fact is that he has decided
convictions on this point, and what they
are may be inferred from his authorizing
the editor of the News to say that he
did not express any opinion to the great
railroad developer and bond manipula
tor as to his innocence. The truth is
that there are very few men outside of
Atlanta (and those who were engaged
with him in business as well as others
who were the recipients of his bounty),
who do not believe him guilty.
In authorizing the papers of Atlanta
to correct mis-statements as to acts and
opinions calculated to influence public
feeling in the State, we do not hesitate
to say that Governor Smith has done
wisely. We do not believe that a Gov
ernor of a State should be drawn into
newspaper controversy by trivial affairs.
But when matters affecting the whole
people are discussed, and when the
opinions of the Governor are misrepre
sented, and when silence might be con
strued into acquiesence, it is not only
becoming the dignity of the office, but
it is the imperative duty of the Governor
to set himself right before the people of
the State.
MAJOR GUMMING—THE AUCtUSTA
AND HARTWELL RAILROAD.
To the Editors oj the Chronicle and
Sentinel :
From expressions made by some of
our up-country friends we learn that
friendship to the Augusta and Hartwell
Railroad enterprise is the test applied
to the candidates for Congress from this
District. The idea having gone out that
our gallant, chivalrous and ever courte
ons Cumming was not friendly to that
road, we desire to state that we know
this to be erroneous; and that we furth
er know that he is a warm friend of the
enterprise, and at the right time and oc
casion he will make this manifest. We
assure our Columbia, Lincoln, Elbert
and Hart friends that they can have no
better advocate upon the floors of Con
gress and before the people of Augusta
and Richmond county, whenever the
projectors of this much needed railroad
properly present their wishes.
In these days of low buffoonery, Cred
it Mobilier schemes and general pecula
tion in high places, we need a dignified,
high-toned, strong-sensed gentleman
to represent us at Washington. That
Major Cumming fills this bill all who
know him will testify. He will take a
high rank at once and will become the
Chevalier Bayard of the House.
Columbia.
Irwin county has 4,710 acres in com
and 1,254 in cotton.
[From the Atlanta News.]
H. I. KIMBALL’S INNOCENCE.
An Authoritative Statement from
Governor Smith.
We are authorized by Governor Smith
to say that H. I. Kimball’s statement of
the interview he had with the Governor
last Winter is incorrect. The subject of
Kimball’s moral guilt was not alluded to
during the interview. No opinion was
expressed by the Governor in reference
to Kimball’s guilt under the laws of the
State. Kimball did not intimate that
he desired the Governor’s opinion upon
these subjects, and, consequently, the
latter gave no opinion whatever. The
fact that there was no criminal prosecu
tion pending in the Courts against Kim
ball was referred to. This fact, the
Governor supposed, was as well known
to Kimball as to himself. What was
said in the conversation grew out of this
fact: Kimball preteuded that he had re
mained away from Georgia so long be
cause he was apprehensive of danger
from party excitement. The Governor
knew, and stated to Kimball that there
was no ground for such apprehension.
In immediate connection with this, the
fact that there was no criminal prosecu
tion against Kimball was referred to.
The fact that the investigations of
Judge Stephens had not resulted in
finding evidence to support criminal
proceedings against Kimball rendered
it impossible that the latter had staid
away to avoid a trial.
There could have been no trial with
out an indictment. Kimball must have
known this, and it was not probable
that he was ignorant either as to the
abilities of Judge Stephens, or the
efforts he had made to ferret out the
truth. It was these considerations
which led the Governor to allude to
Judge Stephens, and to the fact that
the latter had found no evidence to sus
tain a criminal prosecution against
Kimball. The Governor was not pre
pared to say, or intimate, that Kimball
was innocent of what had been alleged
against him. He has never been offi
cially called on to decide any question
with reference to Kimball’s guilt or in
nocence. He has never relieved Kim
ball from any charge against him, nor
intimated the opinion that he ought to
to be relieved. He would have
no power to relieve Kimball ex
cept by the exercise of Executive
clemency. No application for this has
been made. The Governor has quite a
decided opinion upon the question of
Kimball’s guilt or innocence, drawn
from evidence on file in the office of the
Executive Department. That opinion
was not expressed to Mr. Kimball be
cause it was not asked for by liim. The
Governor does not see how the public
interest would be subserved by his now
expressing that opinion in advance of
any official reason therefor. The same
evidence upon which the Bond Commit
tee made their report against Kimball,
and upon which the Governor’s own
opinion is predicated, and upon which
he supposes the late publications in the
News were based, is still of file in the
office of the Executive Department, and
open to public inspection.
COTTON CROP OF GEORGIA AND
FLORIDA.
Report of tire Savannah Cotton Ex
change.
We have received from the officers of
the Savannah Cotton Exchange a printed
copy of the report of the Committee on
Information and Statistics, which we
present below, ana which will be read
with general interest:
Savannah, August 1, 1874.
To the Officers and Members of the Sa
vannah Cotton Exchange:
Gentlemen— We have been requested
by the Secretary of tho National Cotton
Exchange to publish our own report for
July, as a failure on the part of some of
the Exchanges to send in their report
prevents the publication of a consoli
dated one from the Central Exchange.
With this explanation we give below the
result of our labors :
The report does not include twenty
eight counties tributary to Augusta, as
the Augusta Exchange has taken these
counties in its charge.
GEOKGIA.
[IG2 replies from G 5 counties.l
First Question —What has been the
character of the weather since June
15th?
Answer— Generally too wet.
Second Question —Has the weather
been more or less favorable, up to this
period, than during the same time last
year?
Answer—More favorable in May for
clearing cotton of grass. Less favora
ble since.
Third Question—Have any lands
planted in cotton in your section been
abandoned. If so, how much, and
from what cause ?
Answer—Very little. What were
abandoned were low lands on account
of rain.
Fourth Question —What proportion
of the crop in your section were planted
early ?
Answer —In south and middle Geor
gia one-half to two-tliirds, the stands of
which being mostly imperfect had to be
“ filled in,” or replanted with the hoe.
In the more northern countries, where
planting is usually late, delay was occa
sioned by bad weather; therefore, in these
districts, there is very little of what is
termed early planting.
Fifth Question —How are the stands
of cotton in your section, and how do
they compare with same last year ? Give
separate answers for early planting and
late planting.
Answer —With but few exceptions, all
concur that of the early planting the
stands are poor, and the reverse for the
late planting. Average about the same
as last year.
Sixth Question—ls the cotton well
formed and boiled ?
Answer—(Early planting) yes, in
southern and middle Georgia.
Answer —(Late planting) does not
promise well; plant too tall and long
jointed. The crop in tho more northern
counties is not sufficiently forward to
give an opinion on this point, except
that the weather is stimulating the
growth of the plant at the expense of the
fruit.
Seventh Question—Do the laborers
continue to work well ?
Answer —Asa rule they do.
Eighth Question —What is the present
condition of the cotton crop in your sec
tion, and how does it compare with same
time last year ? Answer separately for
early and late planting.
Answer—The fields being free from
grass is regarded as an advantage, but
considering the bad stands and small
size of the early and backwardness in
fruiting of the late planting, the condi
tion is not equal to last season. The
almost unanimous conclusion is that it
will require a late Fall to develop an
average crop for the late planting.
Ninth Question —State any favorable
or unfavorable circumstances relative to
the growth or condition of the cotton
crop in your section not covered by the
above questions.
Answer —The caterpillar in South
western Georgia has appeared in a num
ber of counties. The fly, its producer,
is generally noted as having appeared.
The “filling in,” or replanting of the
early planting prevents judicious work
ing in the same row, there being early
and late planting together, the rains
producing a rapid growth makes the
plant liable to injury from either ex
tremes of weather.
Tenth Question —State the increase or
decrease of fertilizers in your county as
compared with last year.
Answer —In North Georgia decrease
fully 50 per cent., and 75 per cent, in
Middle and Southwest Georgia.
FLORIDA.
(Thirty-one replies from fifteen counties.)
Question 1. Answer—With very little
exception too much rain.
Question 2. Answer—Almost a3 fa
vorable as last.
Question 3. Answer—Very little.
Questic n 4. A.nswer—Varying from
j to |, average about f.
Ouestion 5. Answer—Generally com
pare well with last year, but late is best.
Question 6. Answer—Yes. Growing
too fast and not bearing well.
Question 7. Answer —Yes.
Qnestion 8. Answer—Good, and com
pares favorably with last year. The
early promisesjbest.
Question 9. Answer—Appearance of
caterpillar in some sections, and some
apprehension that they will damage the
crop if weather continues favorable for
them.
Question 10. Answer—Very little
ever used in the State, more compost
than last year. Your obedient servants,
J. H. Johnston, i
J. G. Low, Committe on
T. H. Austin, ) Information
E. C. Andebson, Jr,, / and Statistics.
E. J. Moses. )
THK ARTIFICIAL DEPRESSION IN
THE PRICE OF COTTON.
[From the New York Evening Post.]
On Saturday last we gave our views
at length in relation to the prospective
amount of the new cotton crop and the
artificial depression which now charac
terizes; the price of that commodity. We
have just received an article, cut from
the columns of the Liverpool Albion, of
the 13th of July, 1874, in relation to the
same subject. Its contents incidentally
confirm our opinion, although the im
portance of the subject would require ns
to reprint it, even if its facts were of a
contrary tenor. It is as follows:
AMEKICAN COTTON.
“To the Editor of the Liverpool Albion:
“Sib —As the following figures may be
of some interest to the cotton trade, per
haps you will be good enough to find
space for them in your columns, viz:
Stock on 9th instant bales 483 130
Import from 11th of July to 31st
December, 1874 543.242
Deduct less quantity at sea
this year 60,000
Deduct further probable re
duced imports from 1873-
’74 crop compared with
last year 20,000
Deduct for growing crop
two weeks late .50,000
Probable visible supply to 31st
December. 1874 896,392
Average weekly deliveries to the
trade from this dale to 31st De
cember, 30,720. at 25 weeks... .918,000
Averago weekly export to 31st
December, 2,000, at 25 weeks.. 50,000
Visible deficiency on 31st December, ’74. 71,608
“ I may observe that most of the fig
ures are taken from the Cotton Brokers’
Association circular, while the others
are, perhaps, rather under-estimating
than otherwise, aud with this position
of affairs I consider that holders have
no cause for further sacrificing their in
terests, even if they calculate on the
growing crop turning out four millions
of bales, which I think an extreme esti
mate. I am, &c., Reason.
“ Livebpool, July 11, 1874.”
There are two important points sug
gested by this letter on the condition of
the market for American cotton in Great
Britain.
First. The writer assumes—although
with an expressed doubt as to the cor
rectness of the assumption—that the
new crop of cotton will amount to four
millions of bales. In respect to this it
is only necessary to repeat what we
said on Saturday, that the area of land
planted this year with cotton is ten per
centum less than last year, and that few
or no fertilizers have beeu used this
year, so that, under the most favorable
conditions as to the weather and the
natural enemies of the cotton plant, it
does not appear to be possible that the
new crop can amount to more than three
and a half millions of bales. The incor
rectness of the assumption increases the
strength of the writer’s argument against
a further decline in the prices of cot
ton, aud brings his calculations into
still closer agreement with our own.
Second. It ought to be the cause of
general regret that it is in the power of
a handful of speculative gentlemen, who
buy what they do not want and sell
what they have not got, to lower by fac
titious means the price of the great ag
ricultural staple of the Southern States,
and to depress trade in the principal
market of the world. It is true that
these artificial combinations must give
way when the precise amount of the
new crop is generally known, because
trade, like water, ultimately and invaria
bly finds its level; but in the meantime
the approaching Autumn trade in all
commodities which find a market in the
Southern States is seriously threatened
by this forced aud unreasonable, but
partly successful, effort to lower the
price of cotton. A month lost at the
beginning of the general Autumn trade,
added to the wide-spread depression
under which all business has struggled
during the Spring and Summer, cannot
be regained, even if in October or No
vember the price of cotton should ad
vance to twenty-five cents a pound. As
long, however, as betting on the price of
cotton is regarded as an honorable occu
pation, so long there is little use in pro
testing, whether it be in the name of
the planters of the Southern States or
in the name of the merchants and
trades people of our own community.
HORRIBLE MURDER.
Moffitsville, Andebson Cos., S. C., )
July 29, 1874. \
To the Editors of the Chronicle and
Sentinel :
Permit me, through your columns, to
give an acconnt of the most horrible
murder on record in our county. The
victim is a young lady, Miss Katie
Tucker, the daughter of one of our most
highly esteemed citizens, J. P. T. The
perpetrator of the deed is a young Ger
man by the name of Gairizun, who has
been in the employ of Mr. T. for some
time past, and had become very much
attached to his daughter. It seems,
however, that his rival, Young Brooks
Gailey, was better liked by the young
lady than he (Gairizun). Mr. Gailey
called to see her last Tuesday even
ing. The trio were sitting in the parlor
of Mr. T. when, between 8 and 9 o’clock,
Gairizun arose and said he believed he
would retire, at the same time took from
a table a pistol belonging to Eldrige, the
young lady’s brother. She asked him what
he wanted with it. He said he had a
use for it, and, as he finished the sen
tence, he fired at her, the ball taking ef
fect in the centre of the forehead, pro
ducing a mortal wound. She survived
the night, but died about daybreak on
the next morning. The murderer dressed
himself and made his escape, crossed
the river at a bateau landing below
Craft’s Perry, went to Ruckersville, and
was arrested there about 3 o’clock in the
afternoon of the following day by G. A.
Craft, and taken back to Anderson jail
to await his trial. He will be convicted
of murder and sentenced, but our hon
ored Governor will pardon or reprieve
him if his politics are the same as the
Governor’s. Yours, &c., C.
P. S.—Corn crops are fine in |tliis
county, and we look for a good yield.
Cotton backward, but growing well. No
rust nor caterpillar up to this time. C.
Bankrupt Roll.
During the week ending Saturday,
the following voluntary petitions in
bankruptcy were filed in the office
of the Clerk of the United States
District Court for the Southern District
of Georgia :
Wm. H. Broadwater, of Millwood,
Ware county. Judge W. M. Sessions
attorney.
Daniel B. Plumb, of the firm of
Plumb & Leitner, druggists, of Augus
ta. Barnes & Cumming, of Augusta,
solicitors.
The following petitions for final dis
charge have been regularly placed on
file.
Moody Burt, of Columbia county.—
Frank H. Miller, of Augusta, solicitor.
Willis Hobbs, of Butler, Taylor coun
ty. M. B. Blanford, of Columbus, so
licitor.
Thomas J. Woolf oik, of Jones coun
ty. Lanier and Anderson, of Macon,
solicitors.
Reuben Brown, of Macon county. J.
A. Ansley, of Americus, solicitor.
Thomas Andrews, of Halcyondale,
Scriven county. W. W. Paine and J.
Lawton Whatley, of Savannah, solici
tors.
Wm. H. Westbrook, of Sumter coun
ty. W. A. Hawkins, of Americus, solici
tor.
Jacob M. Gay, of Ellaville, Schley
county; Cook and Crisp, of Americus,
solicitors.
Thomas M. Speight, of Fort Gaines,
Clay county; Arthur Hood, of Cuthbert,
attorney.
Final discharge in bankruptcy has
been granted to Emil Kaufman, of Au
gusta. Barnes and Camming, solici
tors.
Parties who had filed creditors’ peti
tions in involuntary bankruptcy since
Ist December, 1873, and previous to the
22d June, 18/4, in cases which have not
been adjudicated, are amending their
petitions in accordance with the amend
atory act of Jane 22, 1874, and the or
der of Judge Erskine, passed in cham
bers at Atlanta, on July 21st last, and
published in the Morning News of the
25th ult. By the terms of this order
these amendments of petitions must be
all made by the Ist of September, and
answers filed by the 15th of the same
month. —Savannah News, Augsut 3 d.
In the Columbus Building and Loan
Association, on the evening of the 3d in
stant, SI,OOO were sold in series B—ssoo
bringing 33 and 8500 at 33J. In the Me
chanics, 8500 sold for 35 and 81.000 at
35J. Would you know the value of mo
ney, try to borrow some.
LETTER FROM ATLANTA.
[special ookkespondence chboniole and
SENTINEL. ]
Atlanta, August 3, 1874.
Democratic Congressional Nomination.
To-day Fulton county nominated dele
gates to the Democratic Congressional
Convention of the Fifth District, and
delegates to the Democratic State Sen
atorial Convention for this district. The
nomination was by ballot, and it is sup
posed at the time of writing—with no
one tocontradict the supposition—that a
delegation favorable to the nomination
of Col. Luther J. Glenn, of this city,
was nominated. This delegation con
sists of Messrs. «T. G. Kelley, W. A. Wil
son, Anthony Murphy, W. F. Wright,
James H. Lowe and John Stephens,
some of them gentlemen of considerable
influence. An effort was made—the
friends of Hon. Mat Candler taking an
active part—to elect an untrammelled
delegation, but the friends of Col. Glenn
thought that Fulton county owed him
that mark of labored zeal
ously to secure the ifttctiou of delegates
favorable to his nomination. It is no
tieablethat the names of several gentle
man whose names appeared conspicu
ously on the Kimball petition are among
those constituting the defeated ticket,
while Col. Glenn and several of his dele
gates refused to sign that very doubtful
document. Tho impression seems to
prevail here that Col. John D. Stewart,
of Griffin, is still tho most prominent
and most accessible candidate for Con
gress from this District, and there are
not a few who publicly express the de
sire that he may be nominated. To-day
anew candidate appeared in the field,
in the person of Dr. John G. Westmore
land, a practicing physician of this
place; but it is generally conceded that
lie will not obtain any support, since
it is understood that the Glenn delega
tion has been nominated.
The Senatorial Canvass
Does not elicit a great deal of interest.
According to the rule of “rotation in
offiee,” Clayton county is entitled to the
next Senator from this district ; but it
is whispered that Major Geo. Hillyer
and Captain Evan P. Howell (both of
this city) will disregard this sanctified
(?) custom of tho Democratic party, and
ride rough shod into the Senatorial
halls by the vote of Fulton and Cobb
counties. Clayton county furnishes two
candidates—Messrs. W. A. Tiguer and
Wm. Waterson, practicing lawyers in
that county. The Senatorial delegation
elected to-day, so far as is known, is not
pledged to the support of any particular
candidate, and, it is to be hoped, a fair
and harmonious nomination will be one
of the consequencss.
Col. Peterson Thweatt.
This venerable old State official, the
man who first raised the office of Comp
troller-General to one of dignity and
distinction, has issued a circular to the
people of Georgia, submitting a bill of
about SIO,OOO which he claims is due
him for services during his term of office.
The old gentleman won considerable
distinction during his term of office,
and he was greatly astonished when the
last Legislature refused to re-elect him.
He had, as he thought, good reason to
believe that his reputation as an efficient
and faithful officer would restore him
to his old post, along with Jack Jones,
Treasurer, aud Col, N. C. Barnett, Sec
retary of State, formerly contempora
neous officials with him. The wonder
ful tact of Col. W. L. Goldsmith, how
ever, defeated Col. Thweatt, and failing
in his candidacy the latter now appeals to
the State for compensation for services
during his term of office.
The State Convicts.
The recent escape of a large detach
ment of penitentiary convicts from
Messrs. Riddle & Cos. occasions some
severe criticism on the imperfect system
of discipline to which they are subject
ed since they have left the control of
Grant, Alexander & Cos. The Governor
himself, it is said, expresses his dissatis
faction in emphatic terms.
Atlanta Still Red Hot.
Atlanta is still pretty hot on the Kim
ball controversy. People are hourly de
nouncing each other—one complaining
because a citizen would dare compromise
Atlanta and her interests by endorsing
such a man as Kimball—another equal
ly as indignant that he should not be
permitted to use his own discretion in
the matter. Among serious, reflecting
men there is an impression here that
Kimball is tho tool of tho fraudu
lent bondholders, and that through
his instrumentality they hope to bring
about the ultimate recognition and pay
ment of those spurious bonds which
were issued by Bullock, at the instance
of the great developer himself. It is be
lieved that a powerful, persistent, per
severiug effort will bo made at the next
session of the Legislature to obtain the
recognition of these bonds. There are
about 88,000,000 worth, and it is be
lieved by some that tho holders will
spend two or three millions, if by such
expenditure they have assurance that
they can obtain the payment of these
bonds. As long as there exists a possi
ble chance to bribe the people or their
representatives, the bondholders will not
despair l Let the honest people of
Georgia remember this in their elections
for the Legislature this Fall, and elect
men who are absolutely incorruptible !
Not Quite a Duel.
Last Saturday two lawyers of this
city, Mr. P. G. Gray and Mr. A. M.
Thrasher, were arguing a casej before a
Justice of the Peace, and through some
misunderstanding an altercation ensued,
during which Mr. Thrasher threw a
mucilage bottle at Mr. Gray, striking
him on the jaw bone, inflicting an ugly
wound, and shattering the bottle into
fragments. The parties were separated;
Mr. Gray washed his face, resumed his
speech and won his case. During the
afternoon he sent a communication to
Thrasher requesting him to meet him
in Hamburg, South Carolina, to-day.
Thrasher replied that though he had no
conscientious scruples against dueling,
he did not care to fight a duel with Mr.
Gray, nor any one else. Mr. Gray, ac
cording to custom, this morning posts
Thrasher, through the public press, pro
nouncing him a coward, &e. Mr. Gray
is a very young lawyer—probably not
over twenty years of ago—was a student
at the State University a year or two
ago, and is said to be a man of unques
tionable pluck. He has been involved
in an “affair of honor” once before.
It was rumored on the streets yester
day that Col. Alston had killed Capt.
Abrams, but the friends of each are
gratified to discover that they are still
breathing to-day. Halifax.
The Baby's Death.— There came a
morning at last when the baby’s eyes
did not open. Dr. Erskine felt the heart
throb faintly under his fingers, but he
knew it was beating its last. He trem
bled for Elizabeth, and dared not tell
her. She anticipated him. “Doctor,”
sho said—and her voice was so passion
less that it might almost have belonged
to a disembodied spirit—“l know that
my darling is dying.” He bowed his
head mutely. Her very calmness awed
him. “Is there anything you can do to
ease her?’, “Nothing. Ido not think
she suffers.” “Then will you please to
go away. She is mine—nobody’s but
mine—in her life and in her death, and
I want her quite to myself at the last.”
Sorrowfully enough, he left her. Eliza
beth held her child closely, but gently.
She thought in that hour that she had
never loved anything else, and never in
this world should love anything again.
She wanted to cry, but her eyes were
dry and burning, and not a tear fell on
the little upturned face, changing so
fast to marble. She bent over and
whispered something in the baby’s ear—
a wild passionate prayer that it would
remember her and know her again in
the infinite space. A look seemed to
answer her—a radiant, loving look,
which she thought must be born of the
near Heaven. Shejpressed her lips in a
last despairing agony of love to the
little face, from which already, as she
kissed it, the soul had fled. Her white
wonder had gone home. This which
lay upon her hungry heart was stone.—
Some Women's Hearts.
Hon. B. H. Hill. —A dispatch in the
Herald yesterday, from Athens, says :
Ben Hill beat Garnett McMillan in the
county convention held to select Con
gressional delegates to-day by a vote of
one hundred and eighty-three to fifty
eight. Four Hill delegates from this
county will be sent to the Congression
al nominating convention at Cleveland.
Jackson county sent a full Ben Hill dele
gation.
Mr. B. T. Hunter, of Athens, has
been elected by the Board of Trustees,
Rector of the Talmadgo school, at Mid
way.
NUMBER 32.
“MOBE OK LESS."
[From tho McDuffio Journal.]
Tlie Supreme Court of Georgia having,
at the last term, decided, in the case of
W. T. it S. D. Walton vs. Phocion Ram
sey, carried up from Columbia Superior
Court, what the words “ more or less ”
mean, we give in our issue of this week
the decision in full.
We do not knowof any decision which
has been rendered by tho hupremo
Court of more importance to persons
selling and buying lands. Under the
state of facts presented in the record be
fore them, the Judges of the Supremo
Court held that a mere deficiency in the
number of acres is not a ground of com
plaint; that so long as there was no fraud
in the sale—so long as tho deficiency
was the result of mere mistake—tho
words “more or loss” precluded tho sell
er from liability.
It is true the Code says the buyer shall
have relief where tho deficiency is ho
gross as to justify suspicion of willful de
ceit, or of mistake amounting to fraud,
and a plain man might gather from these
words that mistake, where it worked tho
same result to the buyer as a fraud,
could bo matter of relief; yet it seems
these words “amounting to fraud” mere
ly mean proving fraud, or showing
fraud.
The following is tho decision :
W. T. & S. 1). Walton vs. Plioeion Ram
soy. Case, from Columbia.
Waunkb, C. J.
This was an action brought by the
plaintiffs against the defendant to re
cover damages for an alleged deficiency
in the number of acres in a tract or set
tlement of land sold by tho defendant to
tho plaintiffs. On tho trial of the case,
as it appears from the record, tho plain
tiffs offered in evidence a deed from tho
defendant to them by which ho bar
gained, sold and conveyed to tho plain
tiff’s, in consideration of tho sum of
$12,000, all that tract or parcel of land
situate and lying in Columbia county, in
this Stnte, containing twelve hundred
acres, more or less, adjoining lands of
J. S. Walton, 11. L. Lamkin, A. Lamkin,
and others, and warranted tho title
thereto. The plaintffs claimed there
was a deficiency of one hundred and
fifty-six acres iu the tract or settlement
of laud sold. On this statement of
facts tho defendant demurred as to the
light of the plaintiffs to recover. The
Court sustained the demurrer and the
plaintiffs excepted. There is no pre
tense that there was any fraud practiced
in the sale of the land, or that the pur
chasers did not have an equal opportunity
with the seller to know tho number of
acres the tract or settlement contained
within the described boundaries men
tioned in tho deed. In the casoof Beall
vs. Burkkalter (2Gtli Ga. Rep., 504),
this Court hold and decided that unless
where tho enumeration of/ the quantity
of land sold is of the essence of the con
tract, and not matter of description
merely, tho covenant of warranty will
not be broken by a deficiency in tho
quantity of land conveyed. In deliver
ing tho judgment iu that case, the
Court said : “When tho words more or
less are annexod to the quantity of land,
it is against principle that the vendor
should be responsible to assure any given
number of acres, unless lie practiced a
fraud upon the purchaser.” The Oodo
declares that a sale of lands, if the pur
chase is per acre, deficiency iu the num
ber of acres may bo apportioned in tho
price. If the sale is by the tract or ou
tire body, a deficiency in tho quantity
sold cannot bo apportioned. If tho
quantity is specified as “more or less,”
this qualification will cover any deficien
cy not so gross as to justify the suspi
cion of willful deception or mistake
amounting to fraud, iu this event tho
deficiency is apportionable; tho pur
chaser may demand a recision of tho
sale or an apportionment of tho price,
according to relative valuo. New Code,
2(542. It is contended by the plaintiff
in error that tho Oodo introduced a now
element of fraud, which was not recog
nized by the Court in Boidl vs. Burlc
halter, to-wit: legal fraud. Wo do not
think so. The principle recognized in
that case and by the Code is, that when
a tract or settlement of land is sold in a
body as containing so many acres, “more
or less,” and both parties have an equal
opportunity to judge for themselves,
and both act in good faith, a deficiency
in the quantity sold cannot bo appor
tioned. Tho deficiency in quantity
might be so great as to justify the sus
picion of actual fraud and willful decep
tion, but that is not the case, and in our
judgment it comes within the decision
made in Beall vs. Burkhalter, and must
be controlled by it. Tho principle re
cognized by that case and the Code is,
that if there is actual fraud and decep
tion on the part of the vendor of tho
land, or the deficiency in tho quantity
of land is so gross as to be evidence ol
it, then the deficiency may bo appor
tioned, but not otherwise.
Let tho judgment of the Court below
bo affirmed.
WONDERS OP THE TELEGRAPH.
Pour Messages Kent Hlmnltaneously
Over One Wire hi Opposite Directions.
[From tho Now York Times.]
Wednesday afternoon last, at tho
Broadway office of the Western Union
Telegraph Company, a test was made of
an invention which promises to boos
almost more importance to the present
age than were Morse’s first achievements
to the people of his own time. The test
resulted successfully, and it proved that
four messages can bo simultaneously
sent on a single wire in opposite direc
tions, and witli no more liability to
mistake, than as if an equal number of
wires were used. To make the matter
clear it will be necessary to look a little
backward. Morse took tho first stop in
telegraphy—and the first is always tho
greatest—by the invention of a system
by which messages could be sent between
any tw r o terminal points, and dropped
at any way station on the circuit. The
objection to this system was that tho
transmission of a singlo message oc
cupied a wire entirely. And though
electiciaus were convinced that a diffe
rent result could be attained, no one
showed how it could be done until so rec
ently sa three years ago, when Mr. J. B.
Stearns invented the duplex apparatus.
That was the second great step, and it in
stantly doubled the capacity of every wiro
which ever had been erected. By the
Stearns process two messages can bo
sent simultaneously on a singlo wire in
opposite directions between any two
terminal points. But this system, like
the Morse, had its objections—the
message could not be dropped at any
way station except by tho use of a
repeater. Nevertheless, tho invention
was recognized as of immense practical
importance throughout the world. Two
days ago was taken a third great step,
and one not inferior to either of tho
others. It needs only to bo said of it,
to recommend it to the least scientific,
that in one instant it will quadruple tho
usefulness of the 175,000 miles of wiro
owned by the Western Union Telegraph
Company. It is anew process of
multiple transmission, by which two
messages can bo sont simultaneously in
the same direction over the same wire,
and either message can be dropped at
and way station on the circuit. Nor is
this all. The old duplex system can be
applied to the new invention, nnd by
the combination four messages can bo
sent simultaneously over the same wire
in opposite directions between any two
terminal points. And not the least
recommendation of the discovery is,
that it calls for no changes; tho old
Morse key is used, without the need of
any new class of operators (as in tho
automatic telegraph), and with no
duplication except as to parts of
machinery. The invention is the result
of the joint labors of Messrs. Geo. B.
Prescott and Thomas A. Edison. And
if not scientifically, at least parctically,
a great deal of credit is also due to the
enterprising policy of Mr. William Orton,
the president of the company. Os
course, it is needless to add that the
new system will be speedily put into
practice by the Western Union Company,
by whom the patent is controlled. It
will make itsclt felt in more ways than
one. For instance, the Western Union
Telegraph Company have been forced
to erect 00,000 miles of wire during the
last three years, and, of course, at an
immense expense. An indefinite futuro
like that could not be very satisfactory
to stockholders. But this year scarcely
2,000 miles need be erected, and every
wire is practically four. But without
further enlargement, and almost in tho
words of Mr. Orton, the discovery may
be called the solution of all difficulties
in the future of telegraphic science.
Tho Spartanburg aud Ashville Rail
road, in South Carolina, and the Green
ville nnd Frcuoh Broad Railroad, in
North Carolina, have bren consolidated,
under the name of the Spartanburg and
Asheville Railroad, with Colonel Mem
minger as President.