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WILLIAM E. JONES & Co. AUGUSTA, Ga. SATURDAY MORNING, MAY 25, 1839. Vol lII.— No. 59
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CH' ONICLK AM) SENTINEL.
AUGUSTA.
FRIDAY MORNING, MAY 24.
We invoke an attentive perusal of the speech
of Mr. Rives, of Virginia, on tkc bill to prevent
the interference of office holders under the Fede
ral Government, with the freedom of elections,
V the publication of which we commence in to-day’s
and will conclude to-morrow. This sub
let is getting to be one c' great importance, and
deserves the scrtdu ideration of the people
of every part of the Union ; and believing so, we
could not do better than to occupy our columns
with the very able and republican speech of Mr.
Rives. It will richly repay with a fund of infor
mation, a power of argument and a patriotism of
sentiment, the short lime occupied in its perusal.
The Constitutionalist still harps about the Van
Uuren men of the North being the exclusive
friends of the South upon the abolition question.
We shall to-morrow serve up for the especial ben
efit of our neighbors, one of these very worthy
friends, to whom the South is so much indebted-
We shall show him up as a sample.
Theatre.
Mrs. Chapman’s Juvenile Family will give
their second evening’s exhibition at the
this Evening—when will be performed, “ Victo
rine, the Maid of Paris"; to conclude with the
farce of the “Young W’idow, or a Lesson for
Love s.” Andon to morrow evening,scenes from
the *• Tragedy of Douglassto conclude with
ijhc farce of the “Spoiled Child.”
f
__DEBATE IN TJIE n. o. SENATE.
Tu siiav, Feb. 12, 1839.
INTERFERENCE IN ELECTIONS.
The Senate having again taken up the bill in
troduced by Mr. Crittenden, to prevent the in
terference of certain Fede al officers in elections.
Mr. R ves rose and said' The subject now un
der consideration w is. in bis hu üble judgment
by far the mist imurtantin its bearing on the
liberties an I future destinies of tins country
which h id occup.ed the deliberations ofConirress
for years pist. an 1 wis not surpassed in impor
tan ;e, in leed. by aay wli h iid aiscu sin'-e the
establishment of the Constitution. It concerns
th a vital prin-iple of free go-ernnent itself—the
right of the People freely to choose their Repre
sentatives. Hitherto, in the theory, at least, ot
all pirties this great remedial right of the People
had been held to be sacred from all interference on
the part of the Government, or any pretension
of the agents of Executive power to influence or
control its exercise, lint now, for the first time
in our history, we have a solemn and elaborate
report from one of the leading committees of this
body, (the Judiciary Committee,) boldly pro
claiming it to be the right and duly of Executive
officers to busy themselves in elections, to endea
vor to shape and direct public opinion, and to in
fluence and control the People, as far as they can
in the highest ana mast important function of
their sovereignty 1
I confess, (said Mr. R.) when I listened to the
reading of this portentous report, same days ago,
from the table of your Secretary, I was amazed
and bewildered. ’ I could not but ask myself
whither hath the mad dominion ot party carried
us 1 Where am I, that I hear such doctrines
openly proclaimed in the Senate-house t Am I
yfi (ee republican America, the land ot jealous
constitutional freedom; or am I in England, amid
the “broodingdarkness" of the seventeenth cen
• tury, under the arbitrary and lawless sway olthc
Stuarts; or am I in Imperial Rome, under the sor
did despotism of the Caisars I I must say (con
tinued Mr. R.) that nolhoig has ever impressed
me with so deep a despondency as to the for
tunes of ouryoung and glorious Republic, as the
doctrines of that report, received and welcomed,
as they have been, by a majority of this body.
I do not look upon it as expressing merely the
opinions of its author, or even of the committee
in whose name it is presented; hut I am compell
ed to regard it as the creed if a party —as the ex
position ‘and defence ot a political system, which
relies upon parly organization, party d sc pine ,
and njficiul patron ige, to control and govern
this mighty country. It comes to us from a com
mittee consisting (with hut a aingl exception, I
believe) of gentlemen of the same political parly,
friends and supporters of this Administration, it
is no sooner read than it is hailed and openly ap
plauded on the floor by one member of the party.
and another Instantly in ivestohave ten thousand
capits of it printed for distribution among the
People; which is accordingly ordered without a
division. A report, treating of such "high mat
ter.” and so sanctioned anil endorsed by a majori
ty of this body, cannot fail to awaxen the most
anxious attention to the character and tendency
of its doctrines.
The honorable chairman of the committee,
(Mr. W ill.) fearing that his former political as
sociations and opinions might by possibility pre
judice bis report in the eyes of some, thought fit
|to inform us that a solemn council had been held
on his admission into the Democratic parly, and
I>y that council it was determined - he never had
/ deralism enough to sp ill Ins democracy." Wc
are to understand, then that modern democracy
admits of an infusion of more or less federalism;
and, if we are to judge ot th" orthodox democra
cy of the lay by this rep irt, I should say it admits
of a very large infusion for I have never ye seen
the do ume.it win his more thoroughly satura
ted with all the characteristic elements of the
Federal faith than this.
It is ii it an elaborate plea throughout for the
rights an I prerog itives oi Federal Executive pow
er; fir the infl.ionce of Federal patronage, not
merely on those who arc its immediate beneficia
ries. hut, thro iih tbeir ptity services and elec
tionec ing activity upon the great Indy of the
p..,„t. themselves? Wnile Felenl pannage
and Exn-u' v • oo ver are urns exalted toe Slate
a ,,,h0-b es e stud ousty disparaged and hg[d up
as apodal 00,0a* oud ft*
functionaries of the S'u/es arc. j/^' a ' n
ally ill coniiei-tion with “lh«3*" icrs ,^u lor ‘
poralions of associated weaT' cvld, ' n,l J r ' as it
would seem, with the ot tI,ICLtIn S a « a 'Ust i
them a portion ot the r * u,n wl > icl > il has tieen
the policy of the pik . to excite against t.e bank- i
ing institutions CoUlltr y- In one passage
of the report tb'j>™ 9eem ty case > cven is supposed I
r of “the State /wetionaries uniting with the cor- |
poralions of associated wealth in a parly struggle I
I to power of the Federal Government,” i
The-® was a time, Mr. President, in the better !
days of tlie Republic—the days of Jclferaon ami
jVl.idison—when democracy, or rather republican
ism, as it was then called, signified a reverence
for the rights of the States; respect for Stale
authorities and State institutions ; jealousy of the
power and influence of the Federal Government,
and especially of the Executive branch of it;
economy in the public expense; suppression of
useless officers; curtailment of patronage ; a sa
c cd “care of the right of election by the People ;”
and “absolute acquiescence in the decisions of
the majority, the vital principle of Republican
Government.”*
These were the great principals of democracy as
taught and practised by him whom the report
justly styles the great apostle of democracy.”—
But democracy now adays if wc are to judge of
it by this report, and other practical expositions
of the modern democratic creed, means a dispar
agement of the State Governments; war upon
Stale institutions; enlargement of the powers and
influence of the Federal Government; extension
of Executive patronage; multiplication of cilices ;
augmentation of the public expenditure; every
thing left to Executive discretion, instead of be
ing regulated oy the fixed rule of law —a virtual
nullification consequently of the legislative, de
partment. the true representative branch of the
Government; the -decisions of the majority” of
the people, as pronounced in their elections and
through the medium of their repr smitatives,
wholly disregarded hy the Executive, and the
sacicd “right of election hy the People” itself
now openly sought to he “smothered” (to use
the language of Mr. Jefferson) "hy the enormous
patronage of ihe General Government,” and by
the licensed interference of Federal Executive
officers. If modern democracy has espoused doc
trines such as these, it is no wonder that the
council which sat on the democratic pretensions
i jf the honorable Senator from New Jersey, (Mr.
Wall) should have pronounced “he never had
f ideralism enough to spoil his democracy !”
Itul let us come now, said Mr. R„ to the re-
I lort itself; and here I give notice to the Senator
f lum N’ew Jersey, that it is to the doctrines of
t be report, fraught, as I consider them to he, with
t he greatest danger to the liberties and pul lie
i aorals of the country, and invested, as they have
l icen. witlTa TearluT"fri*, “1 “*: . solemn
i lanction and imprimalK iA majority of this
I iody, that I intend mainly „'o adress myself.
Interesting and important as the ques.ions in
volved in the measure introduced hy the Senator
f com Kentucky (Mr. Crittenden) undoubtedly
s ire, I hoi I them hut • dust in the balance” com
pired with the portentous doctrines inculcated hy
'tie eport. The gentleman from New ,'csey
complained that the honorable Senator liom Ken
tucky in ihe able and eloquent speech with wh ch
he in-tiu led and entertained this assembly, hud
not confined himself to sh iw ng-he consti/ut onul
power of Congress to puss his bill, instead of as
sailing and commenting upon the doctrines ot the
report. But. I would ask the honorable S imtor
from New Jersey if the cowl tut.onal question,
of which he makes so much now, was not the
least of all his topics dwelt on in the report?
The report consisted, I think, of ten printed pa
ges ; and of these ten pages, but a single one is
devoted to the sugge..lion of aoy constitutional
itm pediment to the passage of the hill; all the rest
of the report— n ne-tenlhs —are given up to an
elal >orate defence of the right and duty of office
holders to take an active part in popular elections,
and c >f the tyranny, injustice, and impolicy of any
restn lint upon them in doing so. It is through
out, i ndeed, not merely a justification of the in
terfen mceof Federal office-holders with popular
elections. hut is an in-itement to them to exert
their in (lucnce to the utmost in directing and con
trolling those elections.
The fc'enator from New Jersey says the report
only assents the right of Federal office-holders to
till gkten and adv se the People in elections; hut
docs not encourage or instigate them to the ex
ercise of that right. Now, sir, let the report itself
•answer h ow far this construction of it is sustained
toy it* tex t. I will proceed very rapidly to review
it. S must ask the attention of the Senate while
II rend a few extracts from it, taken promiscuously
tfroic its text, which will serve to show the steady
uniform, and pervading spirit and tendency of the
whole document. It will then be seen, unless I
;arx most grossly deceived, that, from beginning to
(“nil, it not merely asserts Ihe r g/it, but inculcates
the duty of office-holders to exert their influence
in elections—a duly which they are admonished
to perforin under the penally of being declared
inf/mous, idints, outlaws, lepers, slaves, if they
shall fail of themselves, or be disabled by law from
performing it; it denounces any restraint upon
their interference as tyranny and prnscr ption /
and finally, they arc significantly told that if any
such restraint should be imposed hy law, the Peo
ple. in behalf of the injured offi e-holders, would
resist the “ex cufion” of so atrocious an enact
ment. If til she not instigation and incitement,
I know not what is.
But to the extracts. The first I shall read is
taken from the second page of the report, where
the following significant langu ige is used :
"It is both the right and duty of eve n/ one
freely to discuss and communicate, both publicly
ami privately, such matters as he may suppose
will advance the public interest, or inf ism the
publ c m ud. One of the most salutary and ef
fectual agents to promote such interest is nil en
lightened public opinion. 'Vo centre such opineon.
and In g vc form and direcion to the general
course of na'ional policy, and the future desti
nies of all. every citizen, whether intrusted w'lh
pub! c office of not, tias a like deep, abiding, and
active interest and noeilizen is at I bertyln with*
draw himself from this high responsibility, inse-s
pan'ily connected with republican institution's..
One of the most celebrated law makers of one of
the ancient republic* declared every citizen irlfa
mous who refused to take part in the atlairs of
his country ; and the word id ot, derived from the
language of that republic, hears, through all time, j
| this impress of their instil u-troßs, denoting one j
win was destitute of the spirit or inteffigi-nce re- j
quisile for the Jis thargo of this highest July of a J
cit zen.”
Here we are cm oh at rally told that it is not |
| merplv the r ght. hut the diflf of every cit zen, \
“ whether intrusted with publ c office, or not,”’ tip j
lake part in the “atlairs”—meaning, evidently, j
- fr i o the whole context. Ihe elections of his noun- j
trv ; that no citizen office-holder or not. is “at
I / A-r'l/to withdraw himself from bis high re*
! | sponsibility.” and if he sionld do so, he woiiil
i 1 deserve to bede fired infum ns anil to be stKgma
i : tized as an id ot. If any language can convey a ,
i \
i • ju. J*d*t**i’j ftr»t &U[cs». >
I ...
stroller instigation to the electioneering activity
of otfi e-holders than till*, I confess myself wholly
incompetent to imagine it.
Ppotermitting numerous other passages all con
ceivcdin the sainespirit anil inc ilca.in. t u same
j (loctrine. I l>eg leave now to call the attention of
the Senate to one which will he found on the fifth
1 page of the report:
I “I he object of the hill,” says the report, 11 is
to render what is lawful and praiseworthy , and
j in strict conformity with both the letter anil spirit
of our institutions, lor all citizens, criminal in a
particular class, who have l>een honored hy the
confidence of the People of the tv/.o'e S ales. It
is not to punish a crime malum inse, hut to cre!
ate a new crime. It is not to punish bribery and
corruption, the robbery of the ballot box, the sup
pression or forging of returns, or usurpation or
neglect of official duly in giving effect to the will
of the majority in elections, or the. improper use
of ollieial power, but the use of persuasion n.
discussion, of inlermeddlng to control or inftu,
ence voters, by means that are lawful and righ _
in others. Every citizen ought to qualify him
self, by study, conversation, and every other
means of acquiring knowledge, to understand the
theory and principles of our institutions, and to
ascertain the best mode of administering them in
their true spirit, so as to promote the greatest
good of the greatest number, ami to render him
self capable of discharging any trust that may be
conferred on him hy his fellow-citizens.”
“It is as well his inherent right as his duty to ‘
discuss anil promulge freely the measures of any
Administration, and the ehurarter and conduct of
those who support or oppose it, us well to con
trol them by the censorship of public opinion as
to subject them to the test of the Constitution.
In doing so he may win the confidence of his fel
low-citizens by his declared opinions, or may be
come identified with some great principle which
conciliates their support. All this is innocent
and praiseworthy, even if the motive is the ac
quisition of office, because it promotes the public
good. Can it be wise or even just, to punish as
a crime, when a citizen attains office, what was
na'riutic and praiseworthy while he was seeking
it V’
Here, then, we find that ‘•the use of persuasion
or discussion,” of “intermeddling by office-hol
ders” to control or influence voters, is declared
by the report to be not merely "innocent” and |
“lawful.” but "patriotic and praiseworthy !"
As in the former extract the penalty of infamy
was denounced against those who should fail to
perform their duly in “intermeddling” with elec
tions, so in this, a positive reward, the crown of
patriotism, is decreed to those who shall come up
boldly and fearlessly to the great work of indoc
trinating the People hy olli nil dictation. Ami
here I cannot but remark. Mr. President, in what
a specious and deceptive guise these official ad
visersof.| «-r?Spl‘ ! - arc constantly presented by
the report. In this passage, throughout the
report they are artfully spoken of as -honored
by the rhoicc anil continence 0 f the People.”
But what, sir. have the People to t!o with them?
J'hc OjUcits whose interference in elections is
objected to, are officers deriving their appoint
ment from the Extent ve alone, ami wholly de
peidenton the Ex-cutive for their official exis
tence. It is. therefore, an unauthorized and gra
tuitous assumption, an ad capiandum appeal,
unsupported by fact, but one habitually recurring
th ougli llic whole ol this rport, to speak of the
office-holders in question as ••honored by the
choice and confidence of the People!”
But to return to the interpretation of the real
character of the report. As it to leave not even
the shadow of a doubt on tie intention of the
Committee to justify and encourage the interfer
ence of office-holders in elections, the following
unequivocal avowal of their meaning occurs on
the ninth page of the report:
“ The comm ttee can perceive no reason for
the. adoption by Congress of any restriction upon
any of what they deem the inherent and inalien
able rights of every class of citizens, merely lie
cause they have been lumored with the confi
dence of the. people.” “ They know no object,on
to reason, argument, or even persuasion, word,
message, or wr.ttng, at any time, from whomso
ever it may proceed, or by whatever motive
prompted ! Nor do they understand on what
just principles it can he maintained that the pos
sess on if office simply should deprive a citizen of
llie Influence arising from character, intelligem c,
integrity, and the confidenteanii influence winch
they inspire, and of the right to use them as oth
ers are left free to use theirs.”
The committee here expressly declare they
“know no object ion” to the “ persuasion ” of vo
ters, “hy word, message, or writing.” at any time,
‘•from whomsoever it may proceed.” office-hol
ders nr others. This passage is referred to. at
present, simply to show the open avowal which
the committee make in it oftheir approbation of
liie interference of office-holders with elections.
The sophism hy which that interference is at
tempted to he palliated will he hereafter, in the
progress of these remarks, I trust, abundantly ex
posed,
But, sir. this is not at'. Office-holders are not
only encouraged and stimulated, as we have seen
hy this report, to intermeddle in elections—they
are not merely told dial it is both ih ir r ght and
their duty to exert their influence over voters at
tile [sdls, hut any attempt to restrain them in the
exercise of that influence, is I'enoum ed as tyranny
and proscription, and assimilated to the revolting
cruelty of the inquisi ion. The poor “proscribed
office-holders.” as they arc called, are likened to
‘ mutes”—to* ont’aws"—to“lepcrs”—to“sla 1 es;”
and, to cap the climax of his inflammatory exag
geration, we are so'emnlv admonished on h e 8 h
page ol tlie report, that 'the Penult would never
submit to tin- execution of a law’ who li di prices
their ofti c h b'ing 4 fellow- .ti/en” ol hi- • inhe
rent, common. and equal rights,” N’.iw, sir, this
looks very much like a provocation to revolu
tionary violence to procct the imputed rights of
“these proscribed office-holders and if the strong
f derul sm of other parts of the report is not suffi
cient to spoil the democracy of its author, the
undi -goised he J asm, of this must t least,
bring into question his republican sin, ol which
the vital principles are law, lilierly, and jpu'-lii*
order.
It is in vain then Mr. President, to cndi avor
to disguise the real drill an I tendency ol this re
port. —The pas ages I have read to the Snate—
' taken spars• rn from every part of the report —
i prove, beyond controversy, that it is an incite
j merit throughout of the office-holders, hy every
J motive which e,m he addressed to the reason or
j the passions off man. to exert their utmost activity
j a id influence m the elections a oil party con.ests
of the day. And who are these office-holder*.
I Mr. President, that are held up by the report as
j the leg lima/e advisers of the People in the exer
j cise ol their precious and invaluable severe gn
j rights ! f have already shown how gratuitous is j
t ic artifice which would represent them as • hon
ored hv the choice andonli enceoflhc People.” j
No sit; they are chosen by the Bxecui ve. alone (
and are consequently, whi-l y i ej - n Vi t on the i
Ex 'ci'tivp. How "ar ncscris «tani J 'ng in su> h 1
i a rela'ion are compe ent to perform th p int of
i *ufe tod patriotic touuseiiof* to tiut r«o t dc. ui tU ,
exercise r>T ibi-fr el'ceforial rights, let the Senator
from Misnoari (Mr. Ueiiton.) the Senator Irom | i
Penn-iylviMMu, (.Mr.. Bochaiiun,) and the present
Attorney General of the United States. (Mr. I I
Grundy.) ae-severally quoted by the Senator from 1 i
Kentucky, (Mr..Crittenden.) in Ins able speech i
in support of his bitU give the answer. In the I
celebrated >ej«it on Exe' utrve patronage, the | i
Senator from Missouri told us thutoHtoers deriving j i
their appwmttn.enta from the President, would i i
be animated with his spir t and moved by Ais i
w U —that “a power over a man’s support was a | |
power over his will.” The Attorney General of i <
the United States, in a speech made by him I I
during his service in Congress, declared that when i
he saw an office-holder going to> the polls, he I
could not resist the conviction that he was “think- <
ing of his salary ami his bread and the honor
able Senator from Pennsylvania, in a speech
made by him some years years ago in the other t
House, has told ns that these “office-holders are t
hut the e»litied soldiers of the Administration I” j
Now, Mr. President, it does seem to me that ,
persons standing in aueVv dependent relations on
the Executive, are not the moat proper counsel- i
lors of a feet people in the exercise of their elec
toral rights.
I know, sir, there arc honorable exceptions to
this general description of offirr-hoMer'.*,- that
there arc men m office who, however desiratdb
their places may be to them, would never consent,
to purchase a continuance in office by the snort
-1 flee of their consciences, or hy unworthy compli
ances of any sort, lint still it will lie true, m
general from the very nature of things, that those
who fill public offices will he animated hy the
same- spirit, aud governed hy the same views, with
the power whicibconfer* and can take away those
office*. More especially mast this he the case
when that licentious motto of party p Huge, “to
the victors belong the spoils,” uttered in l “evil
hour” on this floor hy a Senator from N. Y. (Mr.
Murrey,) ir. reference to. the official trusts of the
country, shall, as every thing indicates it will, ho
fully carried out in practice. One of the Heads- .
of Departments, indeed, if I mistake not, (the
Post master General ) has in substance openly
proclaimed, in a letter published not long since,
that he should consider himself guilty of treadle
ry to his party if he appointed to office any one
who was not a supporter of the Administration.
| I pretend not to quote the words; hut this, ac
cording to the best of my recollection, was the
substance and spi.it of the declaration.
Office-holders then, in general from the nntmc
of things, and from the tendency of the times,
must he expected to he animated with the spirit,
and devoted to the policy anil views of the chiof-
Executive Magistrate, from whom, directly or in
directly, they derive 'heirappointments, and on
whom they depend for continuance in office.
Surely, no candid and reflecting man will delib
erately say that persons standing in this situation
opoJ- j j ( ],- mn 'li less prompted and en
couraged to take an act vt V urt in c "“ ,rolli "*
those papular elections, lhr.',«P»‘ winch it was the
design of our republican sysi t>nl *' ut ’ ''"nonet
of themselvfH an<) of the r sVrpftftftTa' SxWu! ( J- !**
brought to the test of a frec.somre.gn, and unln
unied public judgment.
y yl'h- him .rahle .Senator from New Jersey, how I
i yver. seems (o think it a very, gr at hard h ft. a
' violation of the equality of oun laws and of the
spirit of the Constitution than persons holding
putdic offi e should be leinpoaear ly abridged o.
privileges enjoy ed and exercised by other citizens.
Hut is this any novi Ity in our polity or. legisla
tion 1 Doe.-, not the - on-titution itself espss-inlly
provide that •• no pennn hold ng any nfffcenJDoer
the United .States shall be a member of cither.
House of Congress dur ng hs cant nuance in
office and also, that “no person hold, ng an of
fice of trust or profit under the United States shall
he appointed an Elector of P esidenl and Vice
President!” These are privileges, anil very high
privileges, too, (especially the first.) enjoyed hy
all other citizens; aud yet the express fiat at tine
Constitution excludes all persons holding office,
from the enjoyment or them while they shall con
tinue in offi.e. Arc office-holders better fitted, or
have they, in the eye of reason and sound policy,
any lietter right to erect themselves into political
guardians and prompters of the People in elec
tions. than to lie their representatives and servants
in the Legislature, from which wc have just seen
they are expressly excluded hy the very letter of
the Constitution 1 The honorable Henatoi also
said, in his report, that. “ under the existing laws,
a citizen of a Stale docs not. by accepting any of
the offices under the Federal Government, forfeit
-any of the rights and privileges which belong to
him as a citizen of a Slate.” Now, sir, so far as
the legislation of the Commonwealth which I have
the honor to represent, in part, on this floor, is
concerned, the gentleman is wholly mistaken. Hy
accepting an office under the Federal Government,
a citizen of Virginia does forfeit, during his con
tinuance in such office, the privilege enjoyed hy
all other citizens of the State, of eligibility to any
office under the authority of the Commonwealth.
Hy an act of fundamental legislation coeval with
the adoption of the Federal Constitution, and
still preserved in hold relief on our statute book,
it is declared that “ no person holding or accepting
any office, due., under the authority of the United
Slates, shall lie capable of bolding any office leg.
{illative, executive, or Judical, or any other off re,
place, or appointment of true! or profit, under
the Government of this t'ocmno/nvcalth.” There
are, doubtless, similar provisions hi the laws andi
'Constitutions of the other States.
We see then, that all our institutions, State
:and Federal, create a broad line of distinction
Hifttsvccn office-holder* a-ad the general mass of
shiisms. They inq>n-Hr political disqualifications
.and restrictions upon- the former during /her
enn/timianer m offer, from which- rive great body
ni&te community at* exempt. And wisely do
Ithcy do it. These rxclu ions have their origin
in that salutary futons;/ of power which is the
very instinct ami vhisl prineiplb of liberty. What
docs Mr. Jelferson tell uu in that very passage
which the honor-aide Senator has quoted in his '
report apparently unconscious of its force and ,
just application to overthrow all the wire-drawn I
arguments of his elaborate defence oi the equal \
rights of office-holders 1 Does he not tell us '
that “free government itself s founded in jealousy1 i
It is jealousy, not confidence, which prescribes '
limited Constitutions to hind down those whom
we are obliged to trust with, power.
One of the most conspicuous fruits of thiswise '
jealousy, wherever fret government i» known, is
to restrain all persons invested with public office
from any interference with the free exercise of
the sovereign right of election by the People. The
Senator from Kentac-iy has shown us what were
the solemn declarations of Mr. Jelferson on this
subject lief re bis accession to the Presidency, and
the memorable circular which he caus dto be is- 1
I su d m pursuance of those declarations after he
j entered in on his high dot ps. He has also pro
parly reminded u* ofthe emdial c adoj i m of the
| same principle hy Prescient Jackson, when in
. his first inaugural address he announced to the
■ country as the leading branch of his "task of re. ,
p,. .. >• „,f le correction of those abuses that have ’
hro i ht the notn none of 'he. Fed red C,
mint into oouflid with the freedom 'fcleciicnuF I
We have seen, also, wlmt tin* hern the legisla
tion of that country (next' to o«r own, the freest
nmler the sun, and from which our ancestors
Immght'wilh them so mntiy of or»r own cherish
ed institutions) for the purpose trf repressing olti
oial interference with the fresttesp of elections.
* ut the Senator from New Jersey seeks to
w eaken the just influence of these weighty opin
ions and grace precedents; by ascribing them to
some paltry consideration-of temporary expedi
ency, rather than tb the controlling authority of
great and enduring principles. Mr. Jefl’erson’s
declarations, os well as that of General Jackson,
he seemed to intimate, were intended more as a
reflection on the conduct of their predecessor*
than.as the annunciation of a great principle of
civil government'.
[Here Mr. Wall explained.]
Mr. Hives resumed, and said. Let os look at
the declarations of Mr. Jefferson themselves, stud
then we shall understand their true character and
import. He had received, while the Presidential
election was yet pending, a letter from Governor
McKean, of Pennsylvania, informing him of the
misconduct of certain Federal officers in that
State. In Ids reply, dated February 2, 1801, he
uses this emphnt c language :
“ One thing I will say, that, »s to the future, m
lerft rentes with. e.hefitms, whetiter of the State or
General Government; by officers of the hitler,
should he deemed cause of removal; because the
eanstitui mud remedy by the eh dive principle
becomes nothing, if it may he. smothered by the
enormous patronage of the General Government."
(Conclusion on second puge.J
Consignees per South Carolina Hail Komi.
Hamburg, May 23, 1839.
Stovalli 8t Simmons, fr.F. Jessup, W. Allen, J.
It. Murphy, T. Dawson, It. Richardson, F. Lam
back,.!. W. Bachelor, George Parrott, J. F. Ben
son, ami Jeffers & Boulware.
-- - 11 js—
MARINE INFELLIHENCE.
Savannah, May 22.
Cttaved. —Ship Brittania, Cook, Liverpool ; ship
Gov. Feaner. Mennct, Liverpool.
Arrived yederdiy, —Hr. ha'k Barlow, Spencer,
Bermuda ; brig Wm. Taylor, tloey, New X ork.
Ciia RI.F.STON, May 23.
Arrived yesterday —Line hiig Soon, Forrest,
Baltimore
Cleired —Brig Mary Jane, Halls, Bremen! brig
Ditnun, Sherwood, New X ork; Dutch brig Naas
tiympli. Verscliuer, Hamtimg.
MdKK NteW GOO 1)8.
RECEIVED at Mrs. C. HOFFMAN S Fancy
Dry Goods and Mi lincry store, S eases Eng
Ihh.Straw Bonnets, 4 rases Goods, 2 cases Misses’
English Straw Bonnets. 2 cases suporl ne Florence
Straws. 1 case Victoria. 4 cases asso ted American
Straw Bonnets, Leghorn Hoods, Men’s Palm Leal
and Hoys’ Hats. etc. etc wldrli she oilers for sa'e
with a sp'en lid assortment of Dry Goods, at whole
saleor retail at the lowest mar et prices.
may 9_ trwlm
cToTIIH and CU)t lING AT COST.
\ niHB Biihscrihi r wishing to close his present
|. tiusincss in this pace, offers his-stock d
Cloths and lotliing, compri ing a good assorlmcn'
of each, A T COST.
The stock entire, will he so'd on favorable terms
and store rented until Ist I ct .ar the stock is
fresh, well selected, and laid in at the lowest rates
■ it olfeis a goo I opportunity for any one wishing to
engage in the clothing business.
V. 11. EAKL, 286 Broad Street.
may fl trwvw
NTTCE. —The suhscriher having disposed o r
his Grocery and Confectionary to Messrs
SCHMtHT Sc Till Hit. takes p ; essure in rero n
mending them to his f.lends and former customers
lie aho returns his sincere thanks to his formei
patrons for their 11' e.al encouragement while hr
conducted the business. PETEK GOJ.LV.
May 14,1839. w3t
N. it.—All those indebted to him wi.l please
make immediate payment. p. G.
A DJI IM ST R ATOR'S SALK.
ON the first Tuesday in August next, will be
sold, agreeably to an order of the Justices of
the Inferior Court of Bichmond, when sitting as a
court of ordinary, at the Market House in the city
of Augusta, within the usual hours of sale, a lot of
Land with the impiovemonts thereon, near the
Arsenal, on the hand Hills, and a neg o woman and
child.
Also—2o shares of the stock of the Georgia Rail
Road and Banking Company, and 30 shares Georgia
Insurance and Trust Company, he'onging to the
estate of Thomas M. Chandler, deceased.
Terms at sale.
F. M. ROBERTSON, Administrator.
May 16, J 839.
GEORGIA NANKEENS.
5 CASES Georgia Nankeens,
8 do do. do Pantaloons
Fas sa.e by A. SIBLEY,
may 20 w-lt
THAfiW'AS N, iH8t)l)
Has taken a window at
G- t Mr - °- Oanfirlh's , a few
T doors below Joim Guima
f[f* s. 'jKA/ fin s,below the bridge Bank
V “ > .IQa No. 127 Broad-trect, where
V I ■ JWjK ho W|M punctually attend to
WJbW repairing all kinds of Jew
elry in the best manner.—
Watches. Clocks and Musical Boxes rcpaiied ami
warranted. He hopes from his long experience in
business to have a share of public patronage,
ape 30 w2m T. g. MOOD.
Georgia, Richmond County, January Term, 1839.
f | X l l f. Sheriff having retimed the following per
-1- sons a. dcfaultm. grand jurors at the January
term ot the Superior Court for the county afore
said, to wit; William C. Dillon, John P. Seize, John
Moore, James A. Karon, John VV. Houghton, Sam
uel Wilson, A. O. Panneiee, Amory Sibley, John
• . Snead, r. A. Morgan, Adam Johnson, John M.
Adams, A. J. Huntington, C. E. Latimer, Robert
Walton, Henry McCullough—and us defau ting
petit jurors, Jacob Ingli t, Uichaid > ooncy, John
S. Kandell, Britton vims Hiram Grubbs, -‘•amui-1
J. Ande.son, Charles Martin, Wiley Barron, JB.
Burnett, —it is ordered, that the first named as
grand jurois.he lined rn the sum of Forty . ollars,
ami the last named as petit Jurors, in the sum o
Twenty Doi.ars, unless they and each of them tile
a satisfactory excuse in writing, and on oath with
the clerk oi said court on or hefo e the 11th day
of June next, and on failure to do so, execution is
ordered to he issued.
A ware copy, frr m the minutes,
JA i.ES McCLAWS, Clerk.
May 11, 1839. 4t w
It EM 111 NEE AT THE SAM) IHI.IsT
Jl Wu .A FOR SALE OK TO KENT—Thatdc•
lara-ii Birat,le Kcsiderce immediately adjoining
|*i P~“.J n „- Bones, Esq. For further particulars
a P.<i.v to Isaac .boise,
a P 8 swtf
A DMI.MSTRATMX’NNOTICE,
A LL persons having claims against Noah Smith.
Adel east d, late of Augusta, Georgia, aie lieiel.y
required to hand in an ai count of their demands
within twelve months from tills date, to A. J. it t’
W. Miller, Esq., or to the undersigned
MATE DA A. SMITIV, Adm’jt.
Augusta, Match 19,1833. 6w
W. W. HI MID If,
MANI' FACTI RES and (lea sin every variety
of Combi, and Importer . f Fancy ( levy, sue h
as Pen and Pocket Knives, Bazors, Seisson, Table
l ut.ery, 4c,, Buttons, Needles and Fins, Perfum--
ery, Fancy Soaps, Work Boxes and Dressing. Cases*
genuine Bazor Strops, and a great variety of Taney
< oods, which will he disposed of to dealers upon
accommodating terms, at his wa.e-house, in rear of
the retail store, 156 King-street, sign of the large
Ox I'orn.
Orders Loin a distance carefully attend to with
punctuality.
( harleston, May 18. w6t
CITY SHI.RM I S SALE.
ON the first Tuesday in Jlily next, will he sold
at the Tower Market'ih the eity of Augusta,
between the usual hourr, oFsale, the following ar
ticles, to wit; —a lbt> of' line Wines, onlials,
Cliampaigne Wines, Glass Jars and Candies, <s c.,
Tobacco, Beady Made Clothing, one line Diamond-
King, with "-cts Crockery Ware. Clocks, Lamps,,
Candlesticks, iVc.&c., under foreclosure of mortgage
fi fa, returnable to thecuurt of Common Picas, city
of Augusta. I*. 11. Mantz vs Jacob P. Lewis.—
Terms cash on delivery.
E. MARTIN, S. C. A.
May 7th, 1830. wtd
TO THE rmtuc,
TT-—*' vc-
HN. WILSON, respectfully informs thbpub
• Be, that he has established a new line of
FOUR HORSE POST COACHES. Com Athens
to larkcsville, via He licon Springs and Madison
Springs, and Carnesville, tlucc times a week.
LEAVES ATIIKNs,
Tuesdays, ■a at 2 o’clock A M.
Thursdays, > <t arrive ntClarks-
Satiirdavs, J vd'e, at SP. tl.
LEAVES CLARKESVI 1.1. K,
Mondays 8 at 2 o’clock, A M.
Wednesdays, £■ and arrive at Athens
Fridays, ' at 8 P. ,11.
may 18 3mtrw
GEHUi-l/to MNi; WORKS.
flNMEsubscribers respectfully inform thepuhliov
JL that they have commenced the manufactory of
LIME near Jarksonhorough,in Sc.iven county,Gn.
They have extensive quarries of Limestone, which
is considered by professor J. 11. Colling, State Geol
ogist. to whom the proprietors are indebted for the
information which induced them to embark in the
. undertaking, to be of the very purest kind. They
have consequently erected large and substantial
Kilns in the most approved manner, and produced'
men from the North viho arc perfectly acquainted
with the business. A portion of the Lime is now in
mnrKctnml has been pronounced by the principal
builders in the neighborhood of Augusta, and others,
to be of excellent quality. The subscribers take
pleasure in inviting those who take an interest in
the dovelopoment of the internal resources of Geor
gia, to examine it, being convinced that the whole
UnitedStatqgcannot produce amorc beautiful arti
cle.
They have now a quantity on hand, which thev
will deliver at the mouth of BrierCreck on tno Sa
vannah river, or at Augusta. Having extensive
preparations in progress, they expect to be able du
ring the next winter and spring to supply orders to a
very large amount ; and they have every reason to
I believe that they will entitle themselves to the favor.
I and pitronagv us the public by producing a cherqjer
. and better article at huuw than can *e found
abroad.
, Orders will tic received by V). Kirkpatrick Si Co,
s or by Thus. L. Smith at Augusta, or Jucksonboru'.
f CORNELIUS Sc SMITH
„ May 7 Sawd&wtt
Pim Ihil.Mlis REWARD.
lianaway frmo the subscriber, in
the early part of September last, his
c JußSw Negro hoy TOM, 17 or IS years o d
and about live feet four or live inches
u/T high, he is well formed and remark
a ly likely, with a smooth black
, skin and bushy bead of hair. H«
was purchased by me last spring in
Hamburg. S. C., of Thomas Norris, a trader, for
whom he was purchased by Vlr. Hull, the trader of
, Mr. John stone, of Norfolk, Virginia. I will give
fifty do lars for the apprehension and delivery of
said boy at the jail in this city, or tw-.nty-live dol
lars for his conuncment in any other rail so that L
get him. JOHN CAR TER;
r . Augusta, December3l,lB3B. swtf
1 r/ 1 The Greenville, Mountaineer, Macon Mes
* senger, an 1 Raleigh Uegister, will pub ish the above
j. weekly one month and charge this office.
• ONE HUNDRED AND FIF.TJ6 !H)lu,
i LARS REWARD.
STOLKKN. from the store of tire subscriber, on
the night of tiie Bth, a large otof Jewelry of*
, every description, among the aitides were the fol-
P lowing watches—
-1 go d Music Watch, No. 35
Fine silver, do do 11391
English uiiver do do 169U3
Swiss do do mark’d M. 11. S. in the case,
do do do No. 19034,
Brass F.ng ish with cap. “ 4#44‘i
Fine silve. watch do 3367'
do do small do 1061
Silver Swiss do 322 in cate
do do do 28887
French gold do 5096 in case
Silver Swiss do 2 U in cate
English silver do 629
• Silver Swiss do 700
“ F'rcnch do 163 in case
“ “ do 7135
1 French go'd do 1569
Silver L’Kpine do 13598
’ Brass English do 5945
Silver watch do 38 in case
Swiss silver watch, No. 5346
1 Si ver watch No. 33 in case
1 English old silverwatch do 2112
Level si ver cases do 9793
Silver i asc Swiss do 163 incase
' Silver L’Kpine do 3939
Music Box,shell,
Silver English watch do 31117
Silver watch rte 1001.
I'arcnt Lever, number not recollected^
1 Watch repairers are requested to be on their
guard to detect any of the above described watches.
The above reward will be paid for any informa
‘ tion which may lead to the detection and convic
tion of t ie thief and recovciy of the property,
ap U-trwtf- 3$ J U’AtJJ’flil.
(i j' The « oluwbia South Carolina Telescope
will publish the above one time and send their bill
to the subscriber.
riIHE HOWARD INSURANCE Cl MPANY
| New Capital nf f 300,000 —< Hire No. 64 Wall
st.eet, New . ork. This Company continues to in
sure against loss and damage by Fire, and tfie ba
za.ds of Inland Navigation.
DIRECT, rs.
K. Havens, President, Cornelius W. Lawrence,
Najah Taylor, Win, Couch,
J. Phillips i’henix, John Moirison,
David Lee, Caleb O. Daisied,
Mm. W. Todd, Jehiel Jaggar,
Moses Alien, R. L, Woolley
Mirah Baldwin, Joseph I tis,
Fanning . Tucker, y eigs D. Benjamin,
John Bank'n, John D. Wolfe. '
G. B Vacuum,
LEWIS PHILLIPS. Secretary.
The subscriber is prepared to take jin in d jiff 1
risks, as Agent of the above oiopany.at the cur-r
rent rates of premium
JAMES B. BISHOP, Agent
, nev 21 Jimw of the H. Ins. Co.
"VT ’TICE—The firm of SPEARS A- WHITE
is .bis day dissolved—in future the lusineia
will br conducted in mypwn name
may 13 Uwjw FRANCIS SPEARS