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THI RSD . y MORWINO, AV Gl K I 22.
FOR COVERNQK,
CII A R LES D O II« II ERT V ,
or CLAIIK CIIOTTr.
Mitot’s Omen, J
Augusta, 6 o’clock, f. m., Aug. 21. 18311. 3
During the early part of the last week, five
eases of Fever occurred in the Second Ward of
our city, which terminated fatally on the 181 Ii
and 19th inst. Some apprehensions having been
excited hy this unusual circumstance, I have con
suited the medical gentlemen in relation to the
character and supposed origin of the disease.
The Faculty have reported that the disease
alluded to varied in no material features from
those frequently exhibited in the ordinary sum
mer and autumnal fevers ofnll southernelimutes—
that it Was neither infectious nor cmla^inus —
that it was confined to narrow limits, and origin
ated in some local causes which have since been
removed. The general health of our city was
never hotter than at the present moment. Hy
persevering attention to the cleanliness of their
lots I foci assured that our citizens will he ena
bled to maintain the reputation of Augusta, as the
healthiest city in the Southern Stales.
, A. HUMMING, Mayor.
Two days later trout England.
By the arrival at New Fork, on the 17th. of
the packet Ship Sheridan, the editors of the Com
mercial Advertiser have received files of English
papers, Liverpool to the ISth and London tothe
evening, of the 13th both imdusive.
By this arrival we are furnished with one day’s
later advices in relation to the Liverpool cotton
market, which it wilt he seen closed with some
degree of firmness.
Lux no is, July 12.—The meeting of the hunk
directors, yesterday, gave rise to the usual reports
• fun increase of the rate of discount, hnl thesu
anticipations were not realized. A very seas in
side addition to Iho attenuated amount ol bullion
now m the country has been made hy the arrival
from South America of $1,3011,000; and it is
believed that this occurrence induced the hank
directors to continue discounting at the present
rale. No doubt is entertained that Iho shipment
ol bullion from Mexico, so long interrupted by
the French blockade, will soon pour into this
country large quantiles of the precious metals.
nuxcK.
A London paper of the I Slit contains the fol
lowing curious paragraph.
File Court ol Peers continued with closed
doors to deliberate upon the sentence of the pris
-0 icrs. It was not expected that » verdict would
he giv II liefoie Friday evening. Great fears were
entertained ol another insurrectionary movement,
should the Government persist in executing such
01 the prisoners as may he condemned to death.
Among other republican plots recently discovered
is one (or the seizure ol some memlier of the roy
al family, to he kept as a hostage for Bai lies, and
to he put to death in the event of the execution
of that intrepid insurgent. This has tilled the
royal fam.lv wilu the utmost alarm; none of the
prill es daring to move abroad unless surrounded
hy a guard. In fuel llarbes is hardly more n
prisoner than King Louis Philippe and his fami
ly.
The ./ n/rnnl ilu Havre gives the annexed ar
ticle as having been communicated hy a deputy.
“It is in consequence of a series of misunder
stood reports that the journals have spoken of
the project of the Government to establish a line
of Government packets between Bordeaux and
the I oiled Stales. The Minister of Public
Works himself, has just announced that it was
the intention of the Government to establish two
hues of steamers, hut in the following manner :
—One between Havre and New Vork, the other
bet ecu Bordeaux, the Gulf of Mexico, and
South America. The Minister denies any other
project.
Some of the lots in the new city of Austin in
Texas, sold at the late sale as high us /too ihuu
ffint/ seven hundred dollars each. The average
of the wholesales is nut less than /ifhen hundred
dollars a lot.
The Fredericksburg Arena, says : —The Post
master General has sent an agent to England to
ascertain the true details and practical working of
the uniform and reduced rate of postage lately
adopted there, with u view to its introduction
here. Wo hope something of the kind may he
effected. The tales are too high. A large re
duction would, we have no doubt, increase the
receipts of the Department. As to u uniform
rate —that is hut one charge for any distance,
however groat—and payment in advance, we do
not feel justified in hazarding an opinion, though
tiie operation in England has been according to
the latest accounts, favorable.
Tim 'Crops,— From every quarter of our
Slate, we hear of the crops. A gentleman from
Tennessee called on ns lust week and informed
I us that in that •State the products of the earth
) were immense; and that wheat was selling at
'A tuy-nt y-fir outs per bushel,— Cut, ("Miss. )
j Arjfu*,itf 16. A.
Cotton Crops. —We lenrn from many plant-
I ers, thitt the cotton crops will he much shorter
j than was anticipated a lew weeks since, in e.in
sequence of the luxuriant growth of the weed,
and the ell’eets of the worm.— Marion (Ala. )
I Herald, of nth.
Bvnks in Sot th Amkrica. — A citizen of
the Looted Stales has obtained a charter from the
Republic of Eueador, for a hank, the principal
branch of which is to he established at Guaya
quil. The chief provisions of the charter are
given in the Globe as follows.— Butt. Pal.
The hank is to he one of discount and depo
•ite. The capital, live hundred thousand dollars,
to be paid in tin; coin of (be Republic, and to re
tnain constantly in the hank.
Five Hank may issue bills, payable in specie at
sight, to twice the amount of capital. No bill to
l>e issued for less than ten dollars under penally
of forfeiting the charter. These hills shall not be
he| las legal tender in payment of debts. The
Govern ncul may receive them in payment of
duties, but will not coaipel Us creditors to re
ceive them.
Fho Bank shall tend in no individual, at one
time, more than ten thousand dollars, h shall
hold no property, other than the banking house.
it shad not lie e'Oieeriu-d, directly or indirect
ly. in aiv cum nervisl imnsaetio is, other than
the p irehase of hills of exchange, foreign ordo
•uesti•, under penally of forfeiting its charter.
Th! Bank may demand nine per coni, interest
! j upon its loans, «n<i not more. No officer or di
rector of the Bank shall borrow from it more than
five thousand dollars at any one lime.
The charier shall continue for ten years, revo
; cable at the pleasure of the Government.
The Bank shall receive in deposit!, all funds ol
the Government, and pay them out free of charge.
The (Jneiist.
so. it,
I TO Till lOTTO V PI.AXTKIIK OP TUP. C. STATUS.
1 I'r enih mill Fellow-Citizens • But very few
I days hail elapsed from the appearance of my (irst
, | number, when the arrival of the British (jueen
r J disclosed a fact of vital importance, not merely to I
your body, hut to the nation at large, whose
prosperity and happiness are inextricably bound !
I up with yours.
This fact is. the project of an association in
j England for the purpose of extending the culti
vation of cotton in tin' British possessions in the
East Indies with three avowed objects—to ren
: iler the British independent ol a foreign am) rival
nation for the material not only of their principal
manufacture, but of the greatest manufacture the
world o>'ei wilucmed—to foster and encourage
j their mighty empire in the east—and, though last,
j certainly not the least, to discountenance the use
I of the chief product of slave labor.
Borne of their writers are so sanguine as to
i suppose that they may be able to supersede the
! use of our cotton altogether. This is a mere
‘■day dream,” never to he realized—at least pro
' bably not for a century —and not worthy to lie lu
| ken into consideration at present.
Ollier writers—and among them one of our own
: citizens—regard the scheme as altogether imprac-
I I cable, owing to the deterioration of the crops
. ••veil when good seed issown. Without entering
| into the discussion how far this idea may be cor
j reel, ns to the wide extent of the project, let it
j milliee for our present purpose, that should it
succeed, even on a small scale, as it must. it cannot
fail to materially affect your inteiests and those of
your country. In fact, the mere agitation ol the
i|iieslioii is injurious.
One of the sages of antiquity observed that
wise men profited lay the errors and follies of oth
ers—hut that fools did not profit by their own.
■Supposing that you wish, in the present instance,
to avoid lacing classed in the latter category, I
laeg your attention to some fuels analogous to the
present slate of things.
During llna existence of the East India Com- '
! pnny’s monopoly, which closed in 181(1, the im- !
pollution of cotton into Great Britain, from the 1
East Indies, was inconsiderable.
In 1811, 14,6-16 hags
1812, 2,GOT “
1813, 1,429 «
1814, 13,048 “ (
18 If), 22,237 “ <
1810, 30,070 “ I
I
H 4,7. r i7 “ i
In the lust year great preparations were made i
for the importation of that species of cotton nn
an enlarged scale; and in the year 1817 the im- s
' pollutions not only exceeded the whole ol the n
preceding six years, hut did not full very fur si ort t
of the importations of the previous sixteen years s
—being not less than,
In 1817. 117,154 bags. c
1818, 200,004 “
o
304,758 ,l si
The importations of American cotton in the p
two lust years were, a
In 1817, 108 917 hags.
1818, 247,361 “ ll
si
405,298 “ E
Only about 10 percent, more than those of ci
| the Rust Indies.
The preparations for extending the trade to ‘a
j East India cotton reached this country in due b
j season, ami various writers, among whom the
most conspicuous was Tench ('oxe, warned the e
cotton planters of the approaching danger, and d
I urged them to foster and encourage the domestic ('
j market, in order to till the chasm that must inev- i
]it ably take place in the British. The Liverpool
j iiiiTehanls were equally industrious in caution- s
iug our citizens against the impending danger.* s
Never were sounder cautions given—and never I
were sounder cautions more disregarded. Cas- ii
samba's warnings against the dangers from the t
i Grecian myrmidons enclosed within the Trojan a
j horse, did not full upon deafer eais. s
But this was not all. Our insane policy had I
i destroyed three-fourths of the nourishing cotton
j manufactories which the war had created and 1
j fostered, ll would he tedious and wounding to I:
the feelings of every American, zealous for the I
honor and prosperity of his country, to detail the t
woeful and wide-spread destruction of the flatter- <
ing prospects of some of the most estimable ol i
i our citizens, caused by that ruinous policy, 1
| shall confine myself to throe cases- —one in Rhode <
j Island, one in Pennsylvania, ond one in New '
I York.
“Mr. Do Wolf, of Rhode Island, purchased at i
a fair open sale, lor $0,400. a luetory that had i
1 cost $76,000, ‘money carefully laid out ! /’ 1
••The M iiudaeluring Company of Lancaster.
| Pennsylvania, went into operation in 1814, with !
I a capital actually paid of $128,000, which was I
I expended in erecting buildings and machinery. '
i ami in spinning cotton yarn ami manufacturing
| cotton goods, until the year 1818; when, in con
j sequence of the markets being glutted with foreign
j goods, it was found necessary to close the eon
-1 cent. Hoping for better times, they hud borrow
j ed $34,000 on the notes of some of the parties
j interested, who purchased the entire estai'lish
j ment for the amount of those debts. Thus the
I whole original capital was sunk. The new Com
pany continued tilt’ business for about two years,
when they sold out for $4,000, the proprietors be
coming responsible lor debts contracted to the
amount of $18,009. The loss sustained by the
| Companies amount!d to about $150,000.”
•■The Stockholders of the Ragle Company of
New York expended on their buildings, machine
ry, stock, &e.. $llO,OOO, the whole of which
| was sunk, as the proceeds of the property, when
I the establishment was broken up, were not more
i than sufficient to pay their debts.”
The insane policy above referred to produced
j another serious calamity. The failure ot so
| many manufacturing establishments llmui hunt
I the United Stales by the tariff of 1816. throw
I thousands of the operatives out ol employment.
and drove most of them to country labor, thus
| converting into rivals of the farmers those who
had been their customers. Hence, while the
l quantity of edible articles in market was en
i (mured, the purchasers were diminished! Flour
; which in 1818, average'll $lO. and in 1819, sB—-
j sunk in 1820 to $4.50. In February, 1821.
flour was onlv IT.) cents per barrel in 1 dlsburg,
ami wheat 37 i cents per bushel. Pork and veal,
in the same place, were three cents per pound.
Manv of the ruined fanners on the seaboard,
ami manv ol the unemployed manuteeturers, mi
grated to the western and south-western stales,
• “ The mo«t remarkable increase of imports has
been in Hast India Cotton, and the stork of this
deseiiption is considerably heavier than it was.
Hut the consumption of it is increasing very rapid
ly. being now very pro sidy not less than 1,000
bales per week more than it was last year.^
\ atei, Brothers &i 0., Uverpoo", July I, ' y >' "
“Os I'ennessees we have ales- favorable opin
ion. They are more on a level will) good Hcngals
ami middling Surats. and are like y to accompany
1 them in any decline. East India I olton, except
Sunt- of a quality that is convertible to the -ame
* pur; oxe- a- mdmary Howe Is anil I' rle- u-.in us I de
' t-line. as the xerv heavy imports are not likely to
- | berheekel t lithe crop of IM7. and peihaps not
1 till that of 1818, is shipped- Surats still leave a
g i profit ”-—Yates, Brothers Co., Nov. 10,1818.
■ ana were employed in raising collon. which took,
place also to a very considerable extent in V tr
glnia and North < arolma. The result was, that
the export of thatarticle, which had in 1819 been
1 only 87,957.140 lbs. (producing $2 1,082,U00,)
rose in 1820 to 127.800,152 lbs. (producing
only $22,300,000.) Hence, let it be observed,
en f Human I, for an addition ol nearly 40,000 000
lbs., we received an addition of about j 1,000,000 .
Cun it lie possible that this astounding result
will not produce full conviction of our transcen
: dent impolicy of glutting foreign markets! No
thing but the moat incurable blindness can pre
; vent ils decisive operation.
Thu* three great causes combined, from 1817
I to 1820, to reduce the price of collon. Ac ord
ing to the treasury returns, it sunk from 32 cents
I in 1818, to 22 in 1819, ami to 10 in 1820. The
ruin, therefore, which bad been inflicted on the
manufacturers and fanners by southern policy,
fell with equal weight on the planters themselves
am) also on the merchants who had strenuously
supported the policy. In fact, a five years' war
could not have produced more intense distress
than almost universally prevailed in this country
in 1820. (See Appendix,)
In 1815, according to a statement made by a
most respectable ami efficient committee appoint
ed to investigate the subject, the consumption in
this country was 90,0ut) bales ; and had the pro
per encouragement hern given to that all-import
ant branch of industry, it might in 1819, have
extended to 140,000, and thus averted the conse
quences of the heavy importations of East India
cotton in 1817 and 1818.
The subject of extending the domestic market
demands a careful examination—but I forbear to
press it at present, to avoid a bitter controversy,
which it might and probably would excite. I
now only urge the two measures suggested in my
1 isl—the diminution of the cultivation, and stor
ing surpluses—measures which were strongly
recommended liy the stale of the case before the
arrival of the British (iucen, but present them
selves with tenfold forcefrom the advices received
by that vt sscl.
The soil ai d < 1 mate of Texas are well ruten
latcd for the culture of Cotton; and as soon as
the government is thoroughly settled, is it no* to
tbs last degree probable that this state will be
come a most formidable rival of our soutltern
planters 1
The present crisis is a serious one—but ought
not to lead to despondency. It ought, on the
contrary, to excite to new zeal, ardour and energy,
so that if the impending evils cannot be averted,
their weight may be mitigated as soon and as fiat
as possible.
“Ne cede malls,
Scd contra audentior ito.”
With respect to the plan proposed by the south
ern citizens in New-Yoik, it appears to be too
complicated—requiring extensive combinations
hero and in Europe, which are scarcely, if at all,
practicable; and moreover, the period at which
it is to ho taken into consideration (October next)
is too remote for the existing pressing exigencies.
The two measures suggested above may he re
solved on and carried into execution with little
or no delay ; and it can hardly admit of a doubt
Unit, if determined on at once, they would very
spoil favorably ailed the foreign markets.
I venture to offer a form of association for
consideration.
Whereas, the production of Cotton in this: and
illmr countries so far exceeds the regular con-
Himption ns to produce ruinous fluctuations of
n ice, which destroy the hopes of the planters
mil exporters:
And whereas there h every appearance, from
he heavy stocks on hand in England, ami the
itale of the cotton market on the continent of
Europe, that the consumption in the former
country has reached its maximum:
And whereas there is scarcely a remote hope
of a favorable change in this state of affairs ui i
less by a reduction of production :
And whereas there is reason to believe, if tl ic
equilibrium were preserved between supp y ai id
demand, that three-fourths of a superahundiu it
crop would produce full us much as, perhaps
more than, the whole :
And whereas the policy here suggested wot ild
so essentially promote the interest of every p er
soii concerned in the Cotton trade, not only in
this country lint in Europe, by producing a slei ul
iuess of price, that it may he hoped it w ill mi -et
the support and countenance of all concerned;
and e'en should some planters, from narrow and
selfish views, refuse to eo operate, they earn ,ot
materially alfect the beneficial result proposed :
And whereas the practice of storing the su
perabundance of the grain crops of one year to
meet the demands ot subsequent years of scarci
ty. prevail: d in Egypt above 35( 0 y ears since, in
the days of Joseph and his brethren, and exists
at present in some of the wisest slates of Eu
rope :
And whereas no satisfartory reason can be giv
en why we should not follow the same practice
with respect to collon. Therefore,
Resolved, That it is advisable to provide suit
able places for storing a portion of superabund
ant crops till demanded by the slate ol the mark
et at home and abroad.
Resolreii, ’I hut the subscribers pledge the in
selves to each other and to their common coun
try, that for the next crop they will devote to the
culture of Colton only three-souths of the l and
and labor they have hitherto employed for the
purpose, and devote the residue to various ot her
objects of agricultural industry.
IMI IG O.
Although this essay has extended farther than
I proposed to myself, I cannot resist the tempta
tion to enforce its arguments by the analogous
case of Indigo. This article was formerly one
of the principal items of export from South Caro
lina, which probably furnished the chiefpnrt of
that employed by the British. The culture,
more than once attempted in the East Indies had
failed ; but the government, with a sound policy,
worthy of the highest praise, aided the manufac
tureis with loans to the amount of nearly a mil
lion sterling, whereby they were enabled to ex
tend the export In 1810 to 5,370,034 lbs., value
£ 1,942,328, equal to about 9,720,000 dollars.*
M. CAREY.
Philadelphia, Aug. 8. 1839.
P. S. It has been supposed that in referring
to burning of superabundant spices by tbc Dutch,
I recommended the buring of superabundant
cotton! Nothing could be farther from my
mind.
Til K UIKIIIST.
38. Is not the cotton trade in the most derang
ed slate I
29. Poes it not therefore demand the united
talents and energy of all who are interested in
it. to ascertain whether any remedy can be appli
ed to it; and. if so, to devise the best means of
application I
30. Is there any national or permenent relief
to be found, except by diminishing the cultiva
tion, and providing storehouses for the reception
of such portions of a superabundant crop, as. if
exported, would produce a glut in the lore gn
j markets 1 N. B. I waive, as 1 have staled, the
question about extending a domestic market,
i 31. As such diminution would promote the
•“Brest advances were made to the cultivators,
to the extent of nearly one million sterling, on the
security ol the produce, insomuch that it ultimate
ly became one of the most va uaMe articles of ex
poitatkm foi India Its superior qua itv rerom
; tended «t to purchasers both at home and abroad,
until the sa es (which in 17m> amounted to *243,•
. 011 lbs . producing JL61.533) in 1810 advanced
£iadu,illv to n >70.0*24 1 s., producing nt the sales
■ x 1.94'.d.’5, t dgulnvn on tie po'.rer
a/ui resources of the British Empire. Appendix ,
! P •
i interest of all the cultivators, would not half a t
j dozen leading planter.*, by a strenuous effort, be
I able to produce a general co-operation !
32. E cn if a few of the planters were perverse
enough to refuse to unite, could their refusal ma- !
terially affect the salutary result !
33. Would not lire steadiness of the markets
produced by those measures, be beneficial, not
j merely to the cotton planters in this country, hut
j to the cotton manufacturers in Great Britain, who
suffer by the great fluctuations in the price of
their raw material!
34. Has any great project ever been started
without many real dilficullios, and vastly more
fanciful ones!
35. Can any valid reason be given against
storing superabundant cotton, that would not
equally apply to storing of grain!
36. Is not the plan proposed to be adopted in
England, to extend iho cultivation of cotton in
India, pregnant with lire most serious conse
quences to the cotton planters and the general in
terests of this country!
37. May not the rt suits of that plan be fairly
anticipated from the consequences of throwing
open to British subjects generally, the trade to
India, whereby the Bii’ish market was glutted in
1817 and 1818, and prices reduced in England,
and in the United states 50 per cent.!
38. Is there not a great analogy between the
present state of the cotton trade and that which
prevailed in 1817, 18 and 19!
39. Had the cotton planters at that period
paid proper attention to the admonitions of their
friends on this side of the Atlantic and of the Li
verpool merchants, would they not have escaped
a large portion of the overwhelming distress in
which they and such numbers of their country
men were involved 1
40. Does not (be heavy stock of cotton in
Great Britain preclude all hope of a favourable
change there !
41. Is notthc measure proposed by the south
ern gentlemen, lately assembled at New York, too
cumbrous and complicated; requiring, as it does,
a combination of planters, merchants, and banks,
on this side of the Atlantic, and of agencies on
the other side !
12. Is it sate or prudent to connect the fate of
the southwestern hanks witli that of a commodi
ty so liable to fluctuation in price as cotton !
43. Might not the culture of the mulberry, the
raising of silk-worms, and various other agricul
tural labours, be profitably substituted for a nor
tion of the superfluous labour so perniciously, or
at least so uselessly, employed in the culture of
cotton !
44. Ought not our soulhern citizens to lake
into consideration the consequences to their in
terests likely to arise from the rivalship to be
dreaded from Texas.
APPENDIX.
Situation of the United Sates, as staled in a
memorial to Congress, circulated extensively
through the Union, in 1824 , b fore the enac
tion of the Tar ff of that year.
To the members of the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States.
The memorial oflhe subscribers, inhabitants of
the state of Pennsylvania, who beg leave respect
fully to submit to your serious consideration the
following important facts :
This country possesses advantages, natural,
moral, and political, never exceeded, perhaps we
might say never equalled, in any other nation,
ancient or modern.
1. It has a most extensive seacoast, studded
with capacious harbours, and every con> cnieiice
for the most fertilizing foreign commerce.
2. It is intersected by some of the most mag
nificent rivers in the world, affording every pos
sible facility for internal trade.
3. Our soil abounds with iron ore and coal,
two of the most important of the fossil produc
tions of nature.
\. Os cotton, the most valuable raw material
in the world, next to iron, we produce about one
halt of all that is consumed in Europe and Amer
ica, and have a capacity to produce enough to
supply the whole world.
5. Os lend, copper, and timber, we have a su
perabundance.
6. We have the capacity to produce silk, flax,
hemp, wool, hides, and skins, to supply our ut
most wants.
7. Wc enjoy waterpower to a boundless ex
tent.
8. Fertile lands may he purchased here in fee
simple, lor less than the tithes paid in many parts
of Great Britain and Ireland, or the poor rates
paid in the former country.
9. Our population is hardy, enterprising, ener
getic, and intelligent.
10. We are wholly free from the burden of
tithes ami excises—and almost from taxes.
11. Nine-tenths of our farmers and planters
own the lands they cultivate.
12. Wc have almost every variety of soil and
climate.
13. Our government is among the most unex
pensive in the civilized world, regard being had to
our population and resources.
14. We enjoy liberty to an extent that cannot
be exceeded.
15. There are none of the galling restraints
upon industry or talent here, which prevail in
most parts of Europe Every man may practise
any where whatever trade, occupation, or profes
sion he pleases.
16. Our national debt is less in proportion to
our resources and population than that of any
other nation in the civilized world—not being
nine dollars per head —only two-fifths of the an
nual revenue if Great Britain, and only about
fuw-fifths of her excise.
17. We have ample space for all the distressed
and oppressed of Europe, who are panting for an
opportunity to come to this country of freedom.
Blest with these and other numerous and ve
ry important advantages, we ought to enjoy a de
gree of prosperity never exceeded in the world.
But it is a melancholy and palpable truth, thalal
mosl every branch of industry languishes.
1 From the excess of the productions of farm
ing, and the pernicious exclusion from the ports of
Europe of our bread stuff's, on which depends the
prosperity of so large a portion of our popula
tion. probably 6 or 7,009,000, the prices have
sunk so low, at a distance from the seaboard, as
not to remunerate the farmer for the labor and
capital he employs in cultivation. Corn and oats
are sold at a 20 cents per bushel in various
parts, and Flour at $2 25 per barrel. Nearly all
tbe other productions of farming, and those of
horticulture, arc sold at equally reduced prices.
2 In like manner, through the superabundance
of the production of cotton and tobacco, all the
markets of Europe arc glutted with them, and the
price reduced so low as to place the planters in
tiic same slate ol depression as the farmers.
3 Navigation is at a low ebb. Freights scarce
| ly, if at all, remunerate the ship owners.
4. Commerce is in a state of equal depression.
; The e is scarcely a port in Europe to which our
flour, cotton, tobacco, tar, turpentine, or staves,
] can he shipped with any prospect of profit, or
1 even escape from loss.
5 Heal estate has fallen almost universally
• throughout the whole country on an average at
| l«>»t thirty-five per cent within a few years, j
j Hundreds of estates, on which one, two, or three I
instalments w re paid, have been sold for the i
balance, and in many cases have not produced !
i that balance. In some cases, patrimonial estates,
| which had descended from father to son for a
i century, have been sold to pay the balance due
on lands purchased within the last ten years.
I 6 Ihe distress and impoverishment of the
Western country obliged Congress in 1821 to
allow the purchasers of public land, who owed
the government $2l 908,099, to relinquish them
j if they judged ptoper.
* •
7 This relinquishment took ptncc to the
amount of 2,132,881 acres, am! to the value of
$7,981,940 —above eighteen months’ interest ol
1 the national debt. On $6,257,480 ot the balance
! due, the credit was prolonged to eight years.
8 This calamitous stale of affairs also obliged
Congress to reduce the public lands from a credit
price of $2 to a cash price of 125 cents, being a
reduction of about half a dollar per acre.
9 This reduction, which nothing but the dis
tress and impoverishment of the Western coun
try could have rendered necessary, impaired the
national resources to the amount probably ot
about $1511,01)0,000. It further reduced the va
lue of all the lands which Congress had previous
ly sold, and which had been bona fide paid for,
amounting to many millions of acres, to the great
injury of hundreds of citizens.
10 The value of property of every kind is
subject to more lluclualions in the United States
than in almost any other country in the world.
11 Parents i.i our cities, who have sons grow
ing up, are straitened to find occupations or pro
fessions for them ; for,
12 In a country capable of supporting one
hundred times its present population, almost eve
ry class is crowded, from the inacurate distribu
tion of the labor and industry of society—(hete
being too many farmers, too many cotton and to
bacco planters, too many manufacturers general
ly, (in consequence of the importation of so
large a portion of the manufactured articles con
sumed in the country,) too many lawyers, too
many doctors, too many merchants, too many
clerks, &c. &c.
13 Our wealthy citizens find it difficult to em
ploy their capital to advantage, except in specu
lations in the funds.
14. Our sinking fund, on which so much de
pendence was placed for the extinction, of the na
tional debt, has been absorbed, and is scarcely ev
er noticed at present.
15. During the last six years of profound peace,
witli superabundant harvests, and wholly free
from any great natural calamity, we have reduced
our national debt only $10,000,000, although our
expenses have been contracted within the narrow
est limits.
10 In consequence of the failure of the reven
ue in the years 1821 and 1822, we were obliged
to borrow $8,000,000.
17 In government, hank, and canal slock. Eu
rope is a creditor of the United States for 30 to
s3s,ooo,ooo,exclusive of a large mercantile debt,
and exclusive of the real estate sacrificed to pay
foreign debts, principally contracted for luxuries,
which we did not require, and which were perni
cious, or for conveniences and comforts, that we
could ourselves have supplied; by which means
she drains us of a heavy annual tribute, in the
shape of interest.
18 The balance of trade against this country,
has drained us of almost the whole of our gold,
foreign and domestic. There is scarcely a gold
piece in our banks—none in circulation.
“ The mercantile embarrassments if the coun
try for same years past have been so seriously
felt In/ persons of alt ranks in society, ant/ THE
MISERIES OF POVERTY HAVE INVAD
ED THE FIRE SIDES OF SO MANY OF
OUR RESPECTABLE CITIZENS, that it
could scarcely be expected that an imstitution
whose prosperity is dependent upon the punctu
ality of its customers, should he exempt from its
portion of the calamities, which have hern so sen
sibly felt by the whole community.’’ —Memorial
of the Directors of the Philadelphia Bank, to
the legislature of Pennsylvania, dated Feb. 20,
1823'.
19. Thousands of our citizens, brought up to
manufactures, and who, at that species of employ
ment, would afford a maikct to the farmer for raw
materials, and add greatly to the national wealth, '
are employed on canals and roads, and at other
labouring work.
20. The very valuable woollen manufacture,
which, by proper encouragement, might be ren
dered the second in the nation in point of impor
tance, and which would furnish an inestimable
market Jor wool, and thus enable the farmers to
convert their unprofitable grain lands to pasturage
is greatly prostrated.
21. The depression of manufactures has driven
thousands of manufacturers to farming—the de
pression of farming has driven great numbers of
our farmers to plant tobacco—and the consequent
depression of planting has converted numbers of
tobacco planters into cotton planters. Thus, for
want of a due distribution of labor and industry,
the different classes of society are crowding up
on and depressing and ruining each other.
22. We exported 1.120,184 bushels of wheat
—1,363,103 bushels of corn—26 948 115 shin
gles—l9.4sl hhds. of tobacco—4B 910 barrels of
tar and pitch—6o9,l29 lbs. of indigo—and 17.-
725.301 feet of staves and heading more in 1790
than in 1823, although our population in the
former year wa. only 3,929,306, and last year
was about 10,500,000.
Rate of Interest is England.—ln the
reign of Henry VIII., the rate was fixed by act
of Parliament at 10 per cent. In 1553, an act
was passed prohibiting the taking of any inte
rest whatever, hut it was soon afterwards repealed.
In 1626, the rate was reduced to 8 per cent. In
1751, to 6 percent., and in 1714. to 5 per cent.
Since that time the Bank of England has been
allowed to charge 5 per cent., until within a few
years it has been allowed, under certain circum
stances, to charge 6 per cent.
It will thus be seen that the Bank of England is
now charging a higher rate than at any time for
the last 125 years. —Baltimore Transcript .
Longevity.—A Jamaica paper, in announc
ing the death of Letilia Cox, on By brook’s plan
tation, states that this woman was considered for
many years, the oldest person on the island. She
was, according to the journal, a young woman at
the period of the great earthquake of 1692, by
which Port Royal was destroyed. Now sup
posing that she was then only fourteen years of
age, she must have been aged upwards of 160
years at the time of her death. ’This statement
appears almost incredible. We betieve there are
no well authenticated cases of greater longevity
than from 120 to 130 years.
The same paper adds that about eighteen
months ago, a negro woman in the same neigh
borhood, died at the age of one hundred and for
ty years.
Consignees per South Carolina Kail KoatL
Hamburg, August 21, 1839.
B. W. Force & To.; J & .1. Mcßryde, Haviland.
Rislcy & Co.; Stovall, Simmons & Co.; Kerrs &
Hope; Baird & Rowland; Cress Turpin; E. &
: J. A. Snyder; Marshall & Co.; P. Fleming & Co.;
j Hand & Scranton ; Doct. Turpin ; Rees & Beall
j VV. E. & J. U. Jackson; Gardelle & Rhind; E. D.’
j Cooke; Jeffers & Boulware ; George Parrott; E
i Ada ' ns; J - W - Stokes iJ- F. Benson.
MARIA F INTELLUTENciT
„ Savannah, August 20.
i Arrived yesterday —Brig Edwin, Fitzgerald, Bal
timore.
Charleston, August 21
, Arrired yesterday —Fr brig Carroll Leon, Amcne
Point Petre, (Guad.;) brig Chili, Bonney. Havana’
via Matanzas; brig \ irginia, King, 1 hi'adclpbia. ’
c leared Brig Arabian, We.eh, Rio de Janerio.
JENEVOLENT SOCIETY. —Th* Officers of
this Society for the ensuing year are as follows
A. J. .Miller, Esq. President; Dr L. 0, Ford
vice President; Rev. John Wright, Collectors:
, I , ieasu ' cl ’ h £ ''- "m, Kennedy, Associate do;
M. M. Brown, Secretary.
'i*%* i % V?
COMMERCIAL.
Latest dates from Liverpool, July 15
Latest dalesfrom Havre, July 9
AUGUSTA MARKET.
Cott n. —There is but little doing; in the old, and
none of the new that has been brought to market
has as yet been sold Holders are determined to
await the accounts from Liverpool, now expected
by the steamer.
Exchange. —Checks at sight not to be had at any
premium; 3 days sight, 5 per cent, for country
Bank notes, and 2$ per cent, for city bills. Haw
kinsville and Ocmulgee Bank notes are bought by
the Brokers at 5 per cent, discount; Monroe Rail
Road bills 5 a 10 per cent, discount, and Darien
Bank bills 25 a 30 percent, discount.
Freights, arc now customary from Savannah for
heavy goods, and the river is as low as it has been
at any time this season. Freights on cotton to Sa
vannah are now nominal, as there is none now
shipping; the last shipments were made at 78 cen’,3
per bale.
Mobile, August 17.
Colton. —We have had a little more activity in
our cotton market than we reported in our last, as
the influence of the foreign advices brought prices
wJPITin the limits of some orders, and about *B#P
bales were taken at rates ranging from 9A to 13*W
■rents. *
Coffee. —Prices firm, stocks large; Havana 12 a
12$; Rio 11 a 11$.
Flour is held firm at last week's quotations $S
$8 50. ’
Money. —Monetary affairs with us continue with
the same unmixed severity, as we have had occa
sion to remark heretofore, and we have no hopes
of relief until the opening of the approaching busi
ness season.
Baltimore, August 16.
Howard Street Flour. —The operations in flour
of this description continue light, and the article has
declined a shade, in the early part of the week
the store price for both new and old was $6 to $6,-
12$, out since then, sa cs have been made at $5,-
87$, and in one or two instances a shade less than
the latter price has been taken. We quote the
store rate this morning at $5,875, and the receipt
price at al.-0ut55,75.
City Mills Flour —Sales of small parrels of new
for export, at the beginning of the week, at $6, and
holders now ask that price. A cargo of the “Tweed
brand,” the quality of which is equal to the host
Richmond, was contracted for this week at $6,00
. Sir quehanna Flour —ls held at $5,875.
\Corn —Sales of white Corn for shipment on Mon
daydast at 73 cents, and since then at 75 cents, in- <
eluding parcels this morning. Sales of yellow ear*
ly in the week at 81 a 82 cents, and yesterday at
83 rents.
Provisions —Sales of prime Western Bacon, as
sorted,are making in limited lots at IOJ ta 11 cts.
and ol inferior at prices varying according to con
dition. We quote prime Western llamsAt 12 to
12$ cents, Shoulders at 9$ to 10 cents; and Mid
dlings at 10# cts. doles arc plenty, and are he'd at
6 cents. Os Baltimore cured Bacon there is hut lit
tle in market. Hams arc held at 14 to cents.
I Small sales of Mess Beef at $16,50; and of Prime
at 512,25. Lard is dull. Prime No. lis tirm at 13
cents. Nearly all the old stock of Butter in market
both Glades and Western, has been sold within a
day or two at 10 to 12$ cents.
Liverpool, August 13.
We have had a good inquiry for otton to-dav.
The sales amount to 4000 hales nearly all Amci'i- f
ran. 500 of which are on speculation. I loMcrs have f
nrfPmet the demand very freely, and the full prices
'of J esterday have been obtained.
A REAL BLESSING TO MOTHERS.
DU IV. EC AMS' CELEBRA TED SOOTH IS G
SYRUP, for Children Cutting their Teeth. - This /
in'tjijl Mile remedy has preserved hundreds of chi -
dion, when thought past recovery, from convul
sions As soon as the Syrup is rubbed on the
gums, the child will recover. The preparation is
so innocent, so elticacious and so pleasant, that no
child will refuse to let its gums be rubbed with it.
\V lieu infants are at the age of four months, though
there is no appearance of teeth, one bolt e of the
Syrup should be used on the gums, to open the
pores. Parents should never be without the Syrup
in the nursery where there are young children; fur
if a chil i wakes in the night with pain in toe gums,
the Syrup immediate y gives ease, by opening the
pores rnd healing the gums; thereby preventing
convulsions, fevers, Sec. Sold only at Dr. Wm.
Evans’ Medical Office, 100 Chatham street, New
York, where the Doctor may be consulted on all
diseases of children.
PROOF POSITIVE OF THE EFFICACY OF
Dr. EVANS’ SOO'TttISG SYRUP.—To the Agent
of Dr. Evans’ S-olhing Syrup: Dear Sir The
great benelit adbrded to my sußering infant by
your Soothing Syrup, in a case of protracted and
painfu. dentition, must convince every feeling pa
rent bow essential an early application of stu b an
invaluable medicine is to relieve infant misery and
torture. My infant, when teething, experienced
acute sufferings, that it was attacked watq
.convulsions, and my wife affllfamily supposed thitw
death would soon release from
till we procured a bottle of your Syrup ; wld h as’
soon as applied to the gums, a wonderful change
was produced, and after a few applications the
chi.d displayed obvious relief, and by continuing in
its use, I am glad to inform you the child has com
pletely recovered. and nu recurrence of that awful
complaint has since occurred; the teeth are ema
nating daily and the child enjoys perfect health,
1 give you my cheerful permission to make thral
acknowledgment public, andwill gladly give any
information on ibis circumsti nee.
WM. JOHNSON. J
\pNIC PILLS. —The power of Evans' Camomile.
Pills arc such, that the palpitating heart, the trem
ulous hand, the dizzy eye, and the fluttering mind,
vanish befoie their effects like noxious vapors be
fore the benign influence of the morning sun.—
They have long been successfully used foAhe cure
of intesmittents, together with fevers of the irregu
lar nervous kind, accompanied with visceral ob
structions.
This tonic medicine is for nervous complaints,
general debility, indigestion and its consequences,
as want of cppelitc, distension of the stomach, arid
ity. unpleasant taste in the mouth, rumbling noise
in the bowels, nervous symptoms, languor,” when
the mind becomes irritable,desponding, thoughtful
melancholy, and dejected. Hypochondriacisra, con
sumption, dimness of sight, delirium, and all other
nervous affections, these pills will produce a safe
and permanent cure.
Evans ’ Camomile Pills were first introduced into
America m 1836.
LVANS’ FAMILY APERIENT PILLS are
purely vegetable, composed with the strictest pre
cision of science and of art; they never produce
nausea, and are warranted to cure the following
diseases which arise from impurities of the blood,
viz:—Apoplexy, Bilious Affections, Coughs, Colds,
Ulcerated Sore Throats, Scarlet Fever, Asthma, Cho
tcra Liver Complaints, Diseases of the Kidnies and
Bladder, Affections peculiar to Females, a d all
those diseases of wl atsoeverkind to which human
nature is subject, where the stomach is affected.
More conclusive proofs of the extraordinary effi
cacy o) Dr. Wm. Evans’ celebrated Como mile and
Aperient Anf.i-Bil uus Pills, in alleviating afflicted
mankind. Mr. Robert Cameron, 101 Bowery.- — /
Disease—Chronic Dysentery, or Bloody Flux— r
- ymptoms, unusual flatulency in the bowels, se
vere griping, frequent inclination to go to tu
nusmus, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fre
quency of pulse, and a frequent discharge of a pe
culiar fetid matter mixed with blood great debility,
sense of burning heat, with an intoleiable bearing
down ol the parts. Mr. Cameron is enjoying por
ted health, and returns his sincere thanks for the
extiao.dinary benefits lie has received
Sold by ANTONY lx HAIN KS,
Bole agents in Augusta,
J. M. fk T. M, Tl KN ER, Savannah,
P. M. COHEN & Co.. Charleston.
SHARP iV ELLS, Milledgeville,
C. A. ELLS, Macon,
A.W. MARTIN,Forsyth,
Wm. B. WELLS, Druggist, Athens,
. , MARK A. LANE, Washington.
July 23