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WOMAN’S WOULD.
PLEASANT LITERATURE POE
FEMININE READERS.
THE PROPER WAY TO AS0END STAIRS.
Women doctors say, and many women
prove it in practice, that by going up¬
stairs slowly with the foot—heel and toe
alike—put "firmly on each,-stair, one may
arrive at the top of four flights of stairs
really rested, instead of gasping for
breath as when one runs upstairs. Going
upstairs is a good form of exercise if one
takes it in the right way to get its bene¬
fits .—New York Mercury.
DAINTY FOOT WEAK.
Dainty foot wear is most conducive to
ease and grace of attitude. What gives
a more constrained pose than the effort
to keep the feet under the hem of one’s
gown, and it is the easiest thing in the
world to forget yourself and become ani¬
mated and vivacious if you have the sus¬
taining consciousness that some little un¬
considered turn or movement will reveal
a pair of daintily clad feet with some-
thing distinctive and characteristic about
them. Many a girl adopts somo rather
bizarre style of home foot dressing, and
is faithful to it all the year round, till it
becomes as much a part of her as her
favorite flower or perfume .—Shoe and
Leather Facts.
SPA'NGLED FANS.
The new fans, like new dress trim¬
mings, are spangled. A pretty example
in black gauze, mounted on carved
ebony, is thickly strewn with silver discs
and stars. It sparkles splendidly by
night, and looks well with any kind of
ball dress. Ostrich feather fans are now
made in three or more different colors to
harmonize with the new shot silks and
gauzes. The prettiest fan to carry with
a flower trimmed dress consists of a
bunch of roses and poppies with silk
petals that open and close with a fan.
Dainty and inexpensive fans are of white
gauze with lace insertions and borders
painted with flowers and figures in
dallions .—New York Herald.
f" SHOPPING AS A PROFESSION.
Shopping has risen from a pastime to
a profession. It is said there are several
thousand women in New York City who
live on the percentage allowed them by
the big shops in which they spend other
people’s money, lathe rushing season
—about holiday time, and just before
the summer exodus begins—some of
them make as high as $200 a week.
These lucky ones, though, usually have
money of their own. They watch bar¬
gain sale3 carefully and manage gener¬
ally to secure the cream of them. Then
when an order comes they are often able
to fill it from their private stock, and
pocket the comfortable difference betwixt
the regular and the bargain price .—New
York Sun.
WHY GIRLS WANT OLD ((LOVES.
Days when a girl asked eviry man she
met for a necktie for her crazy quilt arc
passed ; she no longer collects his hand¬
kerchiefs to make curtains for her win¬
dows, and even his matchbox is compar-
aratively safe. But now the latest fad
is to ask the men for their old evening
gloves. 1 ‘What does she do with them?”
the uninitated quite naturally ask. For
“Dream Gloves” is the reply, This is
the way of it. Her hands, perhaps, still
retain some of the summer tan; perhaps
they are rough because she has helped in
the housework, or they may be chapped
from being chilled. Whatever the cause,
tho, remedy prescribed is “grease and
gloves.” finds
Now our dear girl her own gloves
are too tight for this purpose, and then,
generally, she wears hers until they are
quite useless. So she thinks she will
borrow her brother’s evening gloves,
since he casts his away after the first ap¬
pearance of soil. Then my lady thought
it would be so much nicer were she to
have his gloves, to protect her hands,
his gloves to tuck under her pretty cheek
and his gloves to dream upon. Hence
the origin of the name and the fad.
What will be the next ?—Philadelphia
Music and Drama.
PICT0RESQUE HATS FOR SMALL GIRLS.
Large picturesque hats for small girls
have a low pointed crown, with a broad
brim arched in front and turned up at
the back. They are of felt and should
be cboseu of the color worn in the cloak
which they are intended to accompany.
Many of them have fleecy brims, called
fur feit. Their trimming is a single enor¬
mous 1)0 w and ends of changeable velvet
ribbon set in front, holding some stiff
qpills that point upward and back. Satin
ribbon two inches wide is also used for
the large bow and for a ruche which
edges the brim of the hat,and sometimes
for a cluster of three rosettes, each of a
different color. Clipped quille bordered
or studded with jet or with spangles are
in pairs or in clusters amid the loops of
the bow. Stiff wings are set about ir¬
regularly, lyre-shaped feathers and vig¬
nettes are placed high in front, and
small tips are at tho back; but new hats
are not so laden with plumes as were
those of last winter. Black satin ribbon
trims, rose-colored, tan or green hats ef¬
fectively in a box-pleated ruche on the
brim and a flyaway bow in front holding
two quills, with perhaps a twist or two
extending to the back cf the crown. One
tan-colored bat has three satin rosettes,
brown, old rose and white, clustered in
front, while another has rosettes of yel¬
low, white and pale blue satin.— St- Louis
Republic.
FOUR MONTANA BEARS FACED HER.
While John Chapman was in here from
his Wyoming ranch this week he told of
a thrilling experience his wife had re¬
cently with four silver tip bears, a she
bear "and three cubs. John was away
from home at the time.
After eating an early supper Mrs.
Chapman stepped outside the kitchen
door intending to place a pan of milk in
an outhouse. She just closed the
door of the kitchen, when looking up
she was confronted by four bears, all up
on their hunches and within n few feet of
her. She screamed nnd rushed into the
house and told the hired man the cause
of her fright and assisted in finding the
cartridges for a rifle that stood handy,
and then sank into a chair exausted and
helpless, while the hired man made an
attack on the bears, killing the old one
and two of the cubs. When Mr. Chap¬
man arrived he found his wife in an
alarming condition, her nerves would being at
such tension that ho feared she go
into hysterics. That night she com¬
plained of hearing the bear scratching
outside, and finally, to satisfy her, John
got up, and, taking his gun, went to the
door, where, sure enough, was the re¬
maining hear standing out iu the cold
and whining and screaming for his dam.
The cub lit out for the brush when he
heard John coming, but in the morning
the dogs were turned loose on tho trail,
and young bruin was gathered in to com¬
plete tho family.
The cubs were fully half-grown silver
tips, and averaged over 180 pounds each.
The she bear was a big one, as large as a
cow .—Billings ( Montana) Gazette.
FASHION NOTES.
Many of the handsome cloth capes
have a short over cape of fur, plush or
Lyons velvet.
Throatlets of the whole skin of
various small animals,including the head
and tail, are in high favor.
Velvet capes are lined with bright silk,
and those who study details in dress have
a corresponding color in their hats or
bonnets.
Lacings the shade of the gown along
the seams, beneath which is seen a color
contrasting but harmonious, appear on
handsome imported gowns.
A basque of rich fringe, shaped to a
deep point in front and tapering nar¬
rowly to the hack, is seen on some of
the handsomest dinner gowns.
Many women have had their too short
seal jackets and coats lengthened by
adding deep bands of curled black Per-
sian-lamb fur or velvet beaver skins.
The Italian is the latest form of sleeve.
It is like a loose shirt sleeve to the el¬
bow, where it is gathered into a tight-
fitting sleeve, which covers the rest of
the arm.
A new feature of the popular princesse
dresses is their bias back seams that give
the effect of a bell skirt. This is a re¬
turn to the old-fashioned way of making
the princesse.
Swallow gray with magnolia white or
Indian red, palest doe color with dark
russet and Egyptian blue with pale sil¬
ver are combined in the handsomest
cloth gowns.
On cloth, Bedford cord or rough wool
dresses, very large Duttons are used con¬
spicuously, and those made in imitation
of old coins are in great demand for the
most expensive materials.
Only a woman with a preHy foot can
wear the dainty fur-trimmed boot, open¬
ing at the side, that some importers are
trying to introduce. The foot it incases
must be small and slender.
At present there is no indication of
skirts being made shorter in the back.
The demi-tiain will remain in vogue just
as long as the three-quarter coat and the
deep basque bodice prevail.
The fur muff par excellence this sea¬
son is larger than for many seasons past,
is less graceful and convenient and so
opeu at the ends that it forms a favor¬
able passage for the wintry blasts.
A pretty jacket is the “duchess,”
which comes about ten inches below the
waist, fits the figure closely and opens
from a single fastening over a double-
breasted vest closed with small gold but¬
tons.
Tailors are making a specialty of
jaunty and stylish litttle bonnets to be
worn with theatre gowns and cape3 of
cloth. Plain velvet is much used for
these little capotes, iu a bright color
overlaid with lace.
Velvet and wool are combined in
some of the most tasteful winter gowns.
The velvet often forms a peasant waist,
which can bo worn with various dresses,
or a basque of graceful shape, with skirt,
vest and sleeves of striped vigogne or
camel’s hair.
Pingot, the famous Parisian designer
of costumes, makes black velvet coats of
the prevailing three-quarters length,
with fitted back, large pockets on the
sides and the straight fronts to turn back
and show facings of black guipure lace
wrought with gold.
Anew and delicate shade of raspberry
pink is called “salambo.” This color
combined with Russian green is especi¬
ally effective. A very beautiful brocade
recently seen at a leading shop had a
beautiful flo'wer design brocaded on a
ground shot with these two colors.
A Paris correspondent says many cos¬
tumes are made complete for walking,
with au open jacket showing a waistcoat
or chemisette or a closed coat, generally
double-breasted, and with a double row
of rather large buttons. For these ribbed
and fancy cloths of all kinds are the ma¬
terials in vogue, and the greatest sim-
plipity of cut.
Many fashionable dressmakers are in¬
sisting that serviceable cloth dresses be
cut to escape the floor all round for
street wear. Box-plaited backs bid fair
to be worn again, and the fashion oi
trimming the gored seams of the skirts
is becoming more and more popular.
This is especially becoming to a stout
figure, as it apparently gives greater
length.
A black velvet coat made in the new
style, either in close princesse shape or
with slashed basque, is a very valuable
acquisition to a limited wardrobe, as it
can be made to do great service and is
always becoming. A black velvet coat
is handsome over a skirt of flowered
brocade, and in this case a pretty dra¬
pery of crepe de chine that repeats the
■color of the flower brightens and changes
the front of the coat. A bit of full,
deep ruching of the crepe in the neck
and sleeves is added.
CATTLE “BOYS.”
CURIOUS LIKE OP MEN WHO
CONSORT WITH BEASTS.
[lardy Routine of tho Voyage—From
Canada to Great Britain—Feed¬
ing, Watching and Caring
for the Sick.
Canada ships about 120,000 head of
cattle to Great Britain yearly. Tho voy¬
age is made in vessels equipped for the
purpose, and the cattle are tended by a
distinct type of individual known as tho
cattle boy.
Visit Point St. Charles any day and
you will see a crowd of these fellows—
some men of education who have run to
seed,some wild youths,born and brought
up with cattle, some old-country men
who have become tired of colonial life
and are anxious to work their way home.
They look an idle lot as they lounge in
the sun, dirty and coarse-spoken,but see
them at work and the hardships of their
curious life are apparent. A train comes
in and all the cattle must be watered and
have their heads roped, then examined
by the veterinary surgeon and driven
down past the locks and quays to the
ships. Then comes the voyage. It is
best described by one of the boys who
hud seen better days and had cast in his
lot temporarily among the cattle.
“Our herd,” says he, “consisted of
110 bulls and steers. With them were
four cattle boys and the boss, Martin.
It was a day in midsummer, the atmos¬
phere was stifling, and the cattle were
very irritable. The stalls ranged along
each side of the deck with a passage
way through the centre. There were five
or six head in each stall.
“The routine ol a cattle-boy’s life is
much the same day after day. The watch
rouses all hands at 4 o'clock. Then we
take pieces of wood shaped like Scotch-
hands and thoroughly scrape out the
troughs in the stalls so as not to leave
a grain of meal to become sour. The
hatchway of tho lower deck is raised and
two men descend while the others re¬
main above to work the pulley. The
feed is stored on the lower deck, and, of
tho two below, one swings over the bags
of meal, the other places them on the
pulley chain and the two above haul them
up. The boss opens each meal bag and
fills the pails. The meal is then dis¬
tributed, the quantity of a patent pail
being divided among every three head.
“Afterthis the boys eat their breakfast.
Then comes the duty of looking out for
the water, every boss wanting first turn
to get his hogsheads filled. The task of
distributing it is the hardest work of the
day. During the cleaning of the troughs,
and the serving out of the meal the cattle
are comparatively quiet, but as soon as
the first pail of water appears
they are all on their feet, straining their
necks out over their troughs, running
their long tongues out eagerly and bush¬
ing at the cattle boys with their horns to
attract attention. Often a long horn will
catch the handle of the pail and spill thp
contents over the narrow hallways.
“When each beast has been served
with his pail of water the boys take their
pitchforks among the cattle to shake up
the old beds and throw in more hay.
This work lasts tiil 11 o’clock when the
hallways are swept and cleansed for in¬
spection by the chief officer. Dinner
and a siesta follow. One stays with the
cattle, and the others lie down or go to
the forward spar deck to smoke.
“At 3 o’clock comes a second visit to
the supply deck, and a second serving
out of meal or hay. At 6 o’clock comes
supper, and at 8 o’clock the boys turn
in, one being left with a lantern to watch
the cattle. He is relieved at midnight,
and at 4 o’clock the relief rouses all
hands.
“The cattle can never be left. To
allow them to lie down, they have long
head ropes. Sometimes one will he
down first, and his neighbor lie over
him. If both are not speedily aroused,
the under one will be pressed to death.
Then others take sick and require a great
deal of attention.
“Of course, cattle die on board and
sometimes it is deemed wise by the boss
to assist nature. The insurance compa¬
nies insist that every dead beast shall be
inspected by the captain before being
have overboard. That’s all right, but it
is easy enough to drive a tenpenny nail
in between the horns under the shaggy
hair, and who would notice it?
“In winter a cattle boy’s life is much
harder. The beasts must have warm
mashes, and it is awful work to stagger
along an ice bound deck in the dark on
a biting morning-, carrying two pails of
warm mash, slipping, sliding, sometimes
falling and spilling half of it till your
own overalls are frozen stiff. ”— New
York Recorder.
\ Smelling Contest.
Tho most unique and novel entertain¬
ment yet tried was at the Y. M. C. A.
rooms, at the young people’s gathering
the other evening. A smelling contest
was the thing that made the most fun.
Mr. Singer had got the druggist to put
up eight bottles containing as many dif¬
ferent liquids of different numbered odors, all com¬
mon but one, and each on the
corks. The game was to smell of
these and identify them, and write the
decision opposite numbers on a card.
Now, it is a well-known fact to those
who have studied the matter that the
sense of smell is the most deceptive of
all the senses, for the reason that after
smelling of three things in quick suc¬
cession the nose refuses to do duty with
most people, and beyoud that everything
is mixed and confused. A youug lady
and gentleman each identified seven out
of eight of them; nine more identified all
but two. But generally the things
written down were wide of the mark.
Bisulphide of carbon—the only uncom¬
mon one—proved a sticker. It was
written down as extract onions, oil of
brimstone, laudanum, boiled cabbage
and white rose. The contest was the
funniest kind of fun.— Lewiston {Me.)
Journal,
“Window Gazing” as a Profession.
“See that elegantly dressod lady and
gentleman just going out there?” said
Will Shafer iu the Auditorium Hotel a
few days ago. “You will be surprised
to hear the business they are in; they
ate a mat tied couple, and as pleasant
people as I ever met.”
“But what is there odd about their
business, Mr. Shafer?”
“Well,” said Will with a smile, “they
might he called ‘gazers,’ and I will ex¬
plain it this way: You have heard of
people standing on the street and looking
up steadily to the sky for a few moments
just to see if it wouldn't draw a crowd?
Well, it always does, and it don’t make
a particle of difference whether there is
anything to see or not. The crowd will
gather just the same. Well, these two
work on the same principle,only instead
of gazing at the sky they gaze at shop
windows, and they don’t do it for fun,
either. You saw how richly they were
dressed. Well, they just make lots of
money. In the first place, they are a
couple to attract notice on the street at
any time,so it is not hard for them to do
their little act. They first make a bargain
with some of the big stores that have
large show windows. The proprietors
have these windows dressed up in par¬
ticularly fine style and theu this pair,
looking like a couple out shopping, walk
up and hold an animated talk before the
window, evidently discussing \£hich the goods
there displayed, at they occasion¬
ally point in an interesting manner. The
passers-by naturally become curious and
one by oue or iu groups they pause to
look also. As in the case of the sky-
gazers, a crowd is soon collected, when
the couple work their way out and walk
around the block. By the time they get
around the window is once more clear
and they do the same act over again. It
is the be3t kind of an ‘ad.’ for the store,
and,done in such a nice and genteel man¬
ner, is worth good money. They get
it, too, for the gentleman in talking to
me the other day and telling me the
scheme said they had made as high as
$15,000 a year. They go all over the
country, from one big city to another,
and have a regular line of patrons. They
only work in the spring and iall, when
most of the new goods come out. The
rest of the time they travel or not, as
they please, but you may be sure they are
always having a good time. ”— Chicago
Press.
King of the Mound-Builders.
Warren K. Morehead and Doctor Cres-
son, who have been prosecuting excava¬
tions at Chillicothe, Ohio, for the past
three months in the interest of the
World’s Fair, have just made one of
the tidiest finds of the century in the
way!-, of prehistoric remains. These
gentlemen have confined their excava¬
tions to the Hopewell farm, upon which
are located twenty Indian mounds.
Saturday they were at work on a
mound 500 feet in length, 200 feet wide
and twenty-three feet in height. At the
depth of fourteen feet, near the centre
of thl mound, they exhumed the mas¬
sive sia'Uton of a man, which was in¬
cased in copper armor. The head was
covered by an oval-shaped copper cap.
The jaws had copper mouldings and the
arms were dressed in copper. Copper
plates covered the chest and stomach.
On each side of the head, on protruding
sticks, were wooden atftlers, ornamented
with copper. The mouth was stuffed
with genuine pearls of immense size,
but much decayed by the ravages of
time. Around the neck was a necklace
of bears’ teeth set with pearls.
By the side of the male skeleton was
also found a female skeleton, the two
being supposed to be man and wife. It
is estimated that the bodies were buried
where they were found fully 600 years
ago. Messrs. Morehead and Oresson
consider this find one of the most im¬
portant they have yet made, and believe
they have at last found the King of the
mound-builders. Besides the articles
named above there were found a pearl-
studded sceptre, many jars containing
corn, etc.; bronze and stone implements
and ornaments, evidences of ashes and
bones of animals. There are indications
that the adjacent soil is full of valuable
articles. The finders are rejoiced at this
find, and there is great excitement and
hundreds of people have flocked to the
scene.— St. Louis Republic.
Statistics of Human Life.
An eminent statistician of Germany
has recently given out the following as
general facts proved, by vital statistics *
The average length of life is thirty-seven
years; Twenty-five per cent, of mankind
dies before attaining the age of seven¬
teen. In the civilized world 35,214,000
die every year, 97,480 every day, 4020
every hour, sixty-seven every minute;
the births amount to 36,792,000 every
year, 108,800 every day, 4200 every
hour, seventy every minute, Married
people iive longer than the unmarried,
and civilized nations longer than the un¬
civilized. Tall persons enjoy a greater
longevity than small ones. Women have
a more favorable chance of life before
reaching their fiftieth year than men, but
a less favorable one after that period.
Persons bern in spring have a more ro¬
bust constitution than those born at any
other season. Births and deaths occur
more frequently at night than in the day
time.— Lancet.
Effect of tile Snu on Tools.
It has been found that the sunlight
and heat have an injurious effect upon
iron and steel tools, and the outdoor ex¬
posure of them is very deleterious. The
steel becomes of a blue color and tho
temper is injured. The moonlight has
even been found to be proportionately
hurtful. The edges of the cutting tools
become disinteregated and teeth. worn away Such
until they become like saw
tools as saws have become misshapen and
the plate buckled by even one day’s ex¬
posure. This should be known to the
owners of costly implements that are
wrongly supposed to withstand the
weather with impunity because they are
made of metal and have no wood about
them.— New York Times.
CADETS AS RIDERS.
HOW FUTURE OFFICERS ARE
TRAINED AT WEST POINT.
A Yearling: Cadet’s Experience—
Wonderful Equestrian Feats
Performed by Cadets With
Apparent Ease
No branch of tho service is more exact¬
ing in its requirements than the cavalry.
It imposes tho hardest work, the most
perilous endeavors, the pluckiest as well
as the most reckless and the most
thoughtful fighting. To fit the cadets
for such trials is a part of the work of
the West Point Military Academy, and it
may be interesting to note how the work
is accomplished.
During the greater part of the last
three years of the four years’ course, the
cadets take their legsons in riding. Tho
third class begins the season. They are
tyros. Most of thorn, anticipating mis¬
haps on the tanbark, own up that they
know nothing about riding, and those
who have ridden are not wont to boast of
it. For the riding hall looms up before
the impressionable and yet uninitated
third-class man as a great magazine of
possible and probable misfortune. The
upper classes are not chary of their tales
oi the way the thing was done in their
day.
“When I was a yearling,”
said a sedate and sober first-class
man to a circle of listen¬
ing third-class men, “we went down to
the riding hall with the certainty of
having the most exciting hours of our
lives. We went in. There was a row of
horses rolling tho whites of their eyes at
us and looking the incarnation of devil¬
try. They had no saddles or blankets,
and they looked mountain high. The
riding instructor was a cavalry officer
with red hair and mustache, a red face,
and a voice like he had just swallowed a
pot of red paint. When he snapped out
‘Mount!’we jumped as though a whip
had been cracked about our ears. We
scrambled up the horses’ sides and sat
astride their ridgy backs, where we did
some strange feats in balancing.
“Then we started around the hall.
We struck a trot and a gallop, and a
mad, wild run. In five minutes the in¬
structor was the only mounted man in
the hall. The rest of us were digging
ourselves out of the tanbark or chasing
our horses, in the vain hope of catching
and remounting. It was a rare old time
we had! And the galleries were jammed
with girls, watching the sport and laugh¬
ing at our mishaps. That’s the way it
used to be, but they are more careful of
you fellows of the later generations. You
are not so tough as the yearlings of the
old days.”
at pres¬
ent day, no matter what might have
been in the remote past. The yearlings
ride iu secret session. No spectators are
admitted, and it is safe to say the spec-
latora, if there were any, would feel un-
rewarded- for the effort of attending,
There is ( no attempt nowadays to tumble
the cadets Off, but rather to teach them
to stay on. The first two rides are with
saddles, the next two with stirrups
crossed, and the next with blankets.
Thus it is a week before the cadets are
invited to a bai eback ride. They move
around the hall at a walk or a slow, jolt¬
ing trot-, and the strictest attention is
paid to their position in the saddle, the
use of the legs, and the height of the
bridle hand. Every detail is a matter of
personal attention and correction on the
part of the instructor.
As the year advances, the riding . be-
comes more brisk. The yearlings at-
tempt many of the more common re-
quirements of the finished rider, but not
with the certainty nor even the probabil-
ity of success. But the beginning of the
next year sees them launched into the
whirl of mounted gymnastics.
This is the season when the galleries _
groan beneath the crowds of spectators,
who watch with their hearts in their
mouths the deeds that these gray-clothed
striplings essay to perform. It is quite a
trick to dismount from the horse at a
trot or gallop, but when the cadet dis-
mounts and immediately mounts again,
or vaults back and forth over the horse,
all the time keeping up the lively canter
—why, that is. a proof of training
and of natural ability. And when two
cans ride the same horse in varying
combinations, or one cadet manages two
horses while plunging around the hall,
there is something still better and still
more praiseworthy.
Then the hurdles are brought in and
the boys put their horses over the hurdles,
three feet, four feet, and even five feet
in the clear jump. There is nothing
prettier than a graceful horse and rider
taking a hurdle in good form. And to
see the cadet dismount, take the hurdle
with the horse, and remount again on
the gallop is to see something- worth
looking at and talking about afterward.
So the exercises grade up easily into
the work of the first-class men—-cadets
who will soon doff the gray and put on
the blue. They will mount a barebacked
horse, come down the hill like lightning
and pick up a handkerchief from the
ground. That is a most difficult feat,
and they are good riders who can do it.
They would pass muster with any set of
horsemen the world over. And then the
cadets have wrestling matches on horse¬
back, and chase each other around the
hall in the attempt to dismount an op¬
ponent. There is plenty of life and
vigor about this kind of work, nnd no
one tires of it—least of all tho cadet.
This is the kind of work that the
young cavalry officers of the United
States Army must prove themselves pro¬
ficient in before they are adjudged
capable of wearing a sabre and com¬
manding a squadron of blue-coated
troopers. And that they do it satis¬
factorily is a commendation of American
youth in general, and of the United
States Military Academy discipline in
particular .—New York Times.
Fiuished spools are now being shi pped
from the mills in Maine instead of the
birch logs that were formerly sent to
other factories.
The Great Sntro Tunnel.
“There are some interesting facts con¬
nected with tho great Sutro tunnel of
the Comstock mines in Nevada,” said
“Brick” Pomeroy, tho originator of the
Atlantic-Pacific tunnol now being bored
through the Rockies just west of Denver.
“The Sutro tunnel starts in at a little vil¬
lage called Sutro, on the line of the Vir¬
ginia and Truckee Railroad, on the Car¬
ton River. The tunnel enters the
ground at a point fifty feet above Carson
River, and is projected to run four miles
into Mount Davidson and there end at
a depth of 1800 feet below the surface
under Virginia City, where it taps the
Yellow Jacket and other silver bearing
veins that form the so-called Comstock
mines. When the Sutro tunnel was
projected but little was known of the
character of the Comstock mines. It
was thought the mines were shallow.
This mineral deposit had to be drained.
It was believed that a tunnel running
into the deposits would drain the mines
and provide a way tor carrying the ore
out oa wheels rather than by the expen¬
sive method of hoisting. The owners
agreed to pay Sutro $2 per ton for all
the ore taken from their mines, no mat¬
ter whether it was taien out through his
tunnel or hoisted to the surface by the
mine owners. The water was run out
through his tunnel free of charge. This
was the alluring inducement oilefcl
Sutro to drive the tunnel. The size of
the tunnel in the clear was made eight
feet in width by ten feet in height.
Under the timber floor is a waterway,,
through which flows the water drained
from the mines. Before the Sutro tun¬
nel was finished a shaft had been sink
in the mines to tho depth of 2200 fset.
Therefore, the tunnel was of no use in
draining the chief mines. The ownc
of the mines refused to pay Sutro the
$2 per ton royalty on the ore on tb.?
ground that his tunnel did not drain,
their properties to the depth they hat
descended in them. Sutro threatened
to erect a solid bulkhead in the tunnel and
stop the drainage. Rather than the* be
drowned out the mine ownerj paid
$2 per ton royalty, and at last bought'
the controlling stock in the Sutro Tun-
nel Company. The greatest depth
which any of the Comstock mines de¬
scended is 3200 feet. Some years ago
the mine owners let their workings fill
up with water to the 1800 foot level of
the tunnel, so that what were at one
time the deepest workings in the Yel¬
low Jacket mine are now under 1400
feet of water.
“The miners put on an india rubber
cap and india rubber shoulder pieces to'
protect them from the dripping hot
water. They wear woolen wraps around
their hips and heavy wooden-soled shoes.
Their bodies and legs are bare. The
heat in the ore beds is 120 degrees on.
an average. The miners work fifteen
minutes, then return to the cooling-
room and are rubbed down with cakes oi
ice. Each man is allowed eight gallons
of ice or ice water, as he prefers, each
day. The miner remains in the shaft
eight hours a dqy. Alternately he works
fifteen minutiys and takes forty-five
minutes ' ' in cooling off, and therefore
actually works hut two hours a day.
He receives $4 a day.”— •Chicago Herald .
Andrew Jackson.
General Andrew Jackson, the seventh
President of the United States of Arneri-
ca , was born at Waxhaw settlement,
South Carolina, March 15,1767. His
father who, some authorities say, was a
Scotchman, and others an Irishman, by
birth, emigrated to America in 1765,
and soon afterward died, leaving to his
widow a half-cleared farm in a new set-
tlement, with no slaves to assist in its
cultivation. When Jackson grew up he
was sent to study for the church, but on
ttic breaking out of the American Revo-
lution he and nis brothers were sum-
ra0 ned to the field and the elder lost his
life at Stone Ferry. Andrew, though
but thirteen years old, fought with his
remaining brother under Sumter, and.
remained with the army until the close
0 f the war. In 1781 he and his brother
Robert were taken prisoners, but their
devoted mother procured the exchange
of the boy soldiers and took them to
her home in Waxhaw, where Robert
died of small-pox contracted in prison,
; md for many months Andrew was very
j[l. When he recovered the patriotic
woman left her home to nurse Ameri¬
cans i n prison at Charleston, S. C., and
there died of fever. Andrew was alone
j Q the world then and without means,
but he went to work for a saddlemuker,
to which employment he soon added
that of a schoolmaster. At eighteen ha
began to read law. At this time he wa*
a slender youth, with a tong, thin face
lfigh forehead and abundant reddish hair,
falling over bright, blue eyes; a bold
r ;der and a capital shot. He assisted in
forming a State Constitution in Tennes-
S ee, anil was her first Representative in
Congress. He was then made Judge ot
the Supreme Court of his State. His
name is identified with every military
movement in the South, whether against
Indians, British or Spaniards. He was
made Major General in 1813 and won
his great victory of New Orleans on the
8th of January, 1815. Iu 1828 he was
elected to the Presidency by n great ma¬
jority, and re-elected in 1832. Eight
years of repose were allowed him after
hi3 Presidency, w'hich wore happily
passed with his adopted son (his wife
having died just after his first election),
and many loyal friends. Oa the 8th of
June, 1845, now an old man of seventy-
eight, he peacefully passed away.—
Detroit Free Press.
What Makes Hair Curly.
The difference between straight and
curly hair is very apparent on a micro¬
scopical examination.
A hair is a hollow tube, and a straight
hair is as round as a reed, while a curly
hair is always flattened on both sides and
curls toward one of the fiat sides, never
toward the edge. It is a curious and
little known fact that the hair of women
is coarser than that of men, as well as
thicker on the scalp.
In au average head of hair there are
about 130,000 individual hairs.— Na¬
tional Barber.