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HFEa .7* vT AT® ?
SUN DA T M6RNIXO,
SURPRISING RESULTS FOLLOW
THE BREEDING OF PLANTS
Strange Transformations Wrought in All
Branches of Agriculture by Selection and Hy
bridization Experiments o! the Minnesota
Agricultural Station in the Propagation and
Improvement of Field Crops
S SUBJECT of large and
rapidly growing im
portance, of whicl) little
is known by people in
general, will be promi
nently brought before
the public by the Inter
national Conference on
Plant Breeding and Hy
bridization.
As pointed out by an expert on the
subject, all our most familiar flowers,
fruits, vegetables and cereals are the
results of unconscious plant breeding,
sometimes dating so far back that the
original types are as in the
instances of wheat autwfndiau corn.
All systematic work In this line, how
ever, has been done in the last fifty
years, and the greater part in the last
twenty years, while the last five years
have been more productive of varia
ble results than the whole foregoing
period. In a paper by Mr, Barron be
emphasizes the fact that the history
of gardening as au advanced art
did not begin till about 150 years ago.
while Linnaeus was building up bis re
markable system of plant classification.
From that time until recent years the
world was ransacked for new plants,
until native floras were practically ex
hausted. The new plant of to-day is
generally recognized as an artificial
production, the result of hybridization.
A clear understanding of sexuality in
plants was first recorded in 1076, and in
1691 Camerarius published results of
investigations be had made of the ster
ility of a mulberry tree. The first
actual, intentional hybrid produced
between two distinct species was
"Fairchild's sweet-william,” the
achievement of Thomas Fairchild, a
London nurseryman, who died in 1729.
The progress of hybridization was slow
for many years afterwards, the effect
of the process often being very slight
in the first generation, so that first re
sults wore frequently disappointing,
and early experimenters, who trusted
to chance, were apt to become dis
couraged. After more scientific and
persistent lines of Investigation were
adopted, the pioneers were opposed hy
popular prejudice, objection being
raised to their work on the ground tiiat
it was an Impious interference with
flip laws of nature. So strong was
this prejudice In England that lit mod
ern times a noted firm of nurserymen
near London concealed the fact that
they were manufacturing their novel
ties, and placed on the market a large
number of artifiicial hybrids, produced
in their nurseries, as original species
from the Cape of flood Hope
improvement hy selection.
Wonderful results have been accom
plished in plant-breeding hy the process
of selection alone. The sugar in sugar
beets lias been increased more than 100
l'er cent, in the last century hy means
of rigid selection, systematically and
scientifically carried out on a large
scale by French and German seed
growers. In every generation of beets
the best roots, with the highest per
centage of pure sugar, have been se
lected as the parents of anew genera
tion. Most valuable results have been
obtained in this country by the work
of the State and the United States
Agricultural Experiment Stations. In
a report by Willet M. Hays, of the Min
nesota Agricultural Experiment Sta
tion. which was published in 1901, he
cays: “The ten leading field crops in
the United States annually yield near
ly $2,000,000,000 worth of plant prod
ucts. By means of live stock and by
manufacturing processes the value of
these is so increased before they are
consumed that it is very nearly
doubled. Experiments have demon
strated that by breeding alone these
crops may be so Improved in their in
herited tendencies as to yield five per
cent- more, even with the cultivation
remaining unimproved.” He adds that
Ilie Minnesota Station hy six years of
selection produced varieties of flax
thirty-two inches tall from varieties
only twenty-six inches tall, Increasing
the length of the fibre more than twen
ty per cent. This experiment demon
strates the possibilities of breeding
flax which will grow as long fibre in
'dry climate as Is produced from the
common flax in Belgium, Ireland, and
other moist countries where most of
the long fibre is now produced. By the
process of selection in wheat breed
ing at the same station, two new vari
eties have been produced and distri
buted. which will, it is estimated, re
pay the State in a few years for all
the money it has expended to date in
agricultural experiments.
In a paper read by George Lee. gar
dener, before a meeting of a gardeners’
association, at Exeter, England, last
spring, be said that nothing in scientific
agriculture had attracted more atten
tion throughout the world in the last
ten years than the raising of new
breeds of wheat in America and other
wheat growing countries. It had been
demonstrated that these new wheats
would increase the present yield In
the regions to which these particular
wheats were adapted by four bushels
per acre. If that could be accomplished
in the United States alone, it would
add over 180,000,000 bushels per year,
worth at low valuation about $140,-
000,000.
Dr. Hopkins, of Illinois, has shown
that the quality of Indian corn can bo
greatly improved by breeding it for
a larger percentage of protein and oil.
its most important constituents. Hugo
ue Vries, of Holland, has carried com
mon red clover through a process of
breeding which Ims resulted in increas
ing the leaflets from three up to five
and even up lo eight in some In
stances. Garton Brothers, of England,
have hybridized various species of
forage grasses, and made species new
to science, and their work with oats,
wheat, and other crops is equally to
markable ■>
THE WORK OP LUTHER BURBANK,
Wonderful results of hybridization
Lave been produced by Luther Bur
bank, the horticultural scientist of
Santa llosa, Cal., whose name is men
tioned wherever plant-breeding is writ
ten or spoken of, and who is known
as the “Wizard of Horticulture." Born
in Lancaster, Mass., in 1849. he was
trained as a machinist, and while still
a boy developed a valuable improve
ment in the machinery of the factory
iu which he was employed His bent
towards horticulture was so strong,
however, that he soon abandoned me
chanics for tlie plant and seed busi
ness. In this line his first notable
success was quickly achieved by the
production of the Burbank potato,
which was developed, by selection,
from only one of twenty-three seeds
found in a patch of Early Itose pota
toes which Ue had planted. Though
doing well where he was, lie became
convinced that California would afford
him much better opportunities for hor
ticultural investigation, and he re
moved in 1875 to Santa llosa, where lie
has since devoted himself to his re
markably successful experiments in
plant-breeding. On fifteen acres of
land lie breeds fruits and flowers by
thousands, continually producing new
varieties. By crossing ana recrossing
innumerable seedlings, so as to have
large numbers to select from, he has
introduced n great many new plums,
most of which are superior to any of
the parent varieties. One of these
is the well-known plum which is called
by bis own name. He is now breeding
a stoneless prune, having already suc
ceeded iu eliminating the pit, so that
only the kernel of the stone remains.
His giant prune, au offspring of the
French prune, is nearly three times
as large as the parent, and he has in
troduced several kinds of blackberry
raspberry hybrids, the berries of which
are more than twice the size of either
of the parent fruits.
By crossing the apricot with n plum,
Mr. Burbank has produced anew fruit
called the plum-eot. The appearance
of the fruit and foliage of the plum
eot and the flavor of the former are
said to combine in a remarkable de
gree the characteristics ol' both its
parents. By hybridizing the black wal
nut and tbe English walnut, Mr. Bur
bank has created anew species, with
nuts very much larger and more valua
ble than those of either parent, and a
more rapid-growing tree. Another re
markable achievement of his was tlie
production of a white blackberry.
OTHER PHASES OP DEVELOPMENT.
All sorts of surprising things occui
iu plant breeding, as it is impossible
to foresee the exact results of inter
marriages, however scientifically ant
systematically planned. Professor By
ron D. Halsted, of Rutgers College
as the results of experiments in test
ing the susceptibility of certain grains
to different diseases, incidentally pro
dueed ears of corn bearing an even
mixture of white, black and rose-col
ored grains, these being the hybrid off
spring of a white and black breed ot
sugar corn.
The economic value of plant breeding
is Illustrated in many different ways.
In agriculture one of the notable ad
vantages of hybridization is the fact
that tender plan# may be made more
resistant to cold by crossing them
with hardy species. Highly bred culti
vated plants are especially liable to
disease, but by selection or hybridiza
tion this tendency can often he over
come. For instance, tlie cow pea,
which is valuable for plowing under
as a green crop, to increase the nitro
gen In the soil, suddenly developed a
disease which threatened it with prac
tical extinction. Herbert J. Webber,
who is in charge of the plant breeding
laboratory of the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, investigated the
matter and found a certain group oi
cow peas which were not affmed by
the disease. With this as a basis, he
developed, by the process of selection,
a variety which is perfectly healthy.
Up to a few years ago, it is said, nc
one had ever seen the ripe seeds of the
sugar cane—perhaps because no one
had looked for them—and propagation
was made from cuttings aione, so that
there was a comparatively limited
range of variations. Now seedlings are
being raised, and some of these prove
to be so much richer in sugar than
others that their cultivation may make
all the difference between profit and
loss.—New York Post.
When Company Come**
When a woman is pleasant to every
body in the family it is a sign she has
company visiting her.—New York
Press.
THE BRUNSWb
NOT AT ALL.
“I trust, Miss Catting,” remarked
young Borem, as he rose to depart af
ter a prolonged stay, "that I have not
taken up too much of your valuable
time."
"Not at all, Mr. Borom," replied the
fair damsel; “the time you have taken
up has been of no value to me what
ever, I assure you.”
Then he went forth into the night
and wandered homeward, wrapped in
a heavy mantle of thought.—Ht-Blts.
SPARED HIS BLUSHES.’
“I couldn’t get out of marrying
her,” Henpeelt explained. “When she
proposed she said: ‘Will you marry
me? Have you any objection?’ You
see, no matter whether I said ‘yes’ or
‘no’ she had me.”
“Why didn't you just keep silent,
then?” inquired his friend.
"That’s what I did, and she said,
‘Silence gives consent,’ and that end
ed me.”—Philadelphia Press.
A DISTINCTION.
Faying Teller—Sorry to say It, hut
there are no funds.
Man at Window—Then you mean to
say that check is good for nothing?
Paying Teller—Oh, no. I wouldnt
care to go as far as that. It might
be of value to you as a memorial or
keepsake; but it Isn’t what—er—you’d
call negotiable, you know.—Boston
Transcript.
LOOKED SUSPICIOUS.
“I think,” said the president of the
traction company, “that we had better
dispense with the services of conduct
or No. 113.”
“Why, what’s the matter?” asked
the superintendent.
“Matter?” echoed the president.
“Wo haven’t had a single complaint
from passengers relating to him for
nearly three weeks. He must be miss
ing a lot of fares.” —Chicago News.
A VALUABLE RECIPE.
“I want to see the cook right after
dinner.”
“You are not going to discharge her,
George ?“
"Discharge her? No, indeed. I want
to get the recipe from her for this
pudding sauce. It ought to mane the
best kind of office mucilage.”—Cleve
land Plain Dealer.
DESPERATION.
Mrs. Newlywed (at the tea table)
O John! Mama Is coming to spend a
whole month with us! Er—have some
of my angel rake?
Mr. Ditto (recklessly)—Yes; give
me a large piece of it, dearest. I
don’t care how soon 1 die now!—Bal
timore News.
B. B. B. SENT FREE.
Cere. Blood and Skin IX.en.e,, Cancer..
Itching- Humor,, Bono r.lri.,
Botoulo Blood Balm (B. B. B.) oures
Pimples, scabby, scaly, Itching Ecaema,
Uloors, Eating Sores, Scrofula, Blood
Poison, Bona Pains, Swellings, Rheuma
tism, Canoor. Especially advised for chronic
cases that doctors, patent modlofnes and
Hot Springs fall to cure or help. Strength
ens weak kidneys. Druggists, 41 per
large bottle. To prove It cures B. B. B.
sent froo by writing Blood Balm Cos.,
la Miteholi Street, Atlanta, Ga. Describe
trouble and free medical advice sent In
sealed letter. Medloine sent ot once, pre
paid. AU wo ask is that you will spoak a
good word for B. B. B.
The chap who invents a flying machine
doesn’t care about leaving any footprints
in the sands of time.
Why
Syr up. of Ff£s
the-beat family laxative
It is pure.
It is gentle.
It is pleasant.
It is efficacious.
It is not expensive.
It is good for children.
•It is excellent for ladies.
It is convenient for business men.
It is perfectly safe under all circumstances.
It is used by millions of families the world over.
It stands highest, as a laxative, with physicians.
If you use it you have the best laxative the world
produces.
Plantation Chill Cure is Guaranteed
) Mcrchant.soWhY Not PHie soc.
ICK DAILY NEWS
feheelwKnjjjffl
this period of I JP' * \
or their mothers, Wj If \
are earnestly in= jUU \ j
vited to write Mrs.
Pinkham for advice; all such letters are
strictly confidential; she has guided in a
motherly way hundreds of young women;
and her advice is freely and cheerfully given.
School days are danger days for American girls.
Often physical collapse follows, and it takes years to recover the
lost vitality. Sometimes it is never recovered.
Perhaps they are not over-careful about keeping their feet dry:
through carelessness in this respect tlie monthly sickness is usually
rendered very severe.
Then begin ailments which should be removed at once, or they will
produce constant suffering. Headache, faintness, slight vertigo, pains
m the back and loins, irregularity, loss of sleep and appetite, a tendency
to avoid the society of others, are symptoms all indicating that woman’s
arch-enemy is at hand.
Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound has helped many a
young girl over this critical period. With it they have gone through
their trials with courage and safety. With its proper use the young
girl is safe from the peculiar dangers of school years and prepared for
hearty womanhood.
A Young Chicago Girl “Studied Too Hard.’'
“Dear Mrs. Pinkham: I wish to thank you forthe heln and ben
efit I have received through the use of Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vege
table Compound and Liver Pills. When I was about seventeen
SI suddenly seemed to lose my usual good
i and vitality. Father said 1 studied too
hard, but the doctor thought different and
prescribed tonics, which I took by the
quart without relief. Reading one day in
the paper of Mrs. Pinkham’s great cures,
and finding the symptoms described an
swered mine, 1 decided I would gi\c Lydia
E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound a
trial. I did not say a word to the doctor;
I bought it myself, and took it according
to directions regularly for two months,
and I found that I gradually improved,
and that all pains left me, and I was my
oM self once more. — Lillie E. Sinclair,
“Miss Pratt Unable to Attend School.”
“Dear Mrs. Pinkham; I fee! it my duty to tell all young women
how much Lydia E. Plnkhain's wonderful Vegetable Compound has
done for me. I was completely run down, unable to attend school, and
did not care for any kind of society, but now I feel like anew person,
anil have gained seven pounds of flesh in three months.
“ I recommend it to all young women who suffer from female weak
ness.”— Miss Alma Pratt, Holly, Mich.
Lydia E. Pinklmm’s Vegetable Compound is tlie one sure rem
edy to be relied upon at this important period in a young girl’s life.
FORFEIT if cannot forthwith produce the original letters and tngnaturrs of
abov# loitunoulals, which will prove their absolute genuineness.
VvVwV I.ydlu £. IMnklaum Medicine Cos., L.ytin, Mass.
HAMLIN'S WIZARD OIL
ALL PRUGGISTS S'fel.L’''ff
Money Savin’ Catalog "f ’
Shoe ccd
(or a Postal
Because
*
Its component parts are all wholesome.
It acts gently without unpleasant after-effects.
It is wholly free from objectionable substances.
It contains the laxative principles of plants.
It contains the carminative principles of plants.
It contains wholesome aromatic liquids which are
agreeable and refreshing to the taste.
All are pure.
All are delicately blended.
All are skillfully and scientifically compounded.
Its value is due to our method of manufacture and to
the orginality and simplicity of the combination.
To get its beneficial effects buy the genuine.
Manufactured by
(autorKia pa^VRIJP
Sarv Fre-ncisco, Cal.
Louisville, Ky. New York, N. Y.
£Oll SALE BY ALL LEADING DIIUOGISTS.
Malsby & Company,
41 B. Forayth Ht., Atlanta, Ga.
Engines and Boilers
Steam Water Heaters, Steam Pumps ani
l'suiberthy Injectors.
Manufacturers and Dealers tn
SAW MIXiILiS,
Corn Mills, Feed Mills, Cotton Gin Machin
ery and tint In Separator*.
SOLID and INMSRTBD Saws, Saw Teeth and
Locks, Knight's Patent l>ogtt, Itlrdsall Saw
Mill and Eniriiie Itepuire, Governors, Grate
liar* nnd a full ilm* of Mill SunpUee. Price
mid quality of goods guaranteed. Catalogue
tree by mentioning this paper.
U INVESTMENT
The Preferred Stock of the
W. L Douglas ®co°. e
Capital Stock, $2,000,000.
51,000,000 Preferred Stock.
$ I ,OCO,OQO Common 6tock.
Shares, S8 O O each. Sold at Par.
Only Prebrrod Slack offered for s’le.
W. L. Douglas retains aU Common Stock.
The Preferred Stock or the W. L. Dougin* Shoe Com
pany pay* better than .Satme* Hank* or Government
llonflu. 1-very dollar of slock offered the public has
behind it more than a dollar's
S worth of Rcuml hmha. W. I
m Douskas continue* to own
Mp - ffjft oif-li.ilf of the Mud no*, and
Iff'.. —. ta t* remain the active head
tui'-r' Die concern.
XwW' JSE&- Tina htiKiruA* it not an m
developed vrope’t. It la a
K / -k ft ./dfMoiistirnted dividend p*y
i-J *' r ’ N* l * larpest btuint
in the world prodttelnir Men’*
ffvWwffSsi fT < ‘.oodyear Welt (Hand Sewed
# -7 Prove**) shoe*, ar.d ha* al-
V . w“‘ \ wav* leen tniinenvely psofli
afllsSatfSflE A aMe. There has n**t S'C.-ti a
Jm LvxsSr;.*: //Jpv year In the pant twelve when
ydußm V> the biudmss has not earned
■‘Jv 1,1 ac,,, .al eaali Mittrli more
’XvWvfiWi 1 *’ ltu Die it mould mvet*itry
fZunv*i\K JPc*v/ AwW/.ll'to pay 7 net cent annual
dividend on the preferred mock of i 000.000.
The annual hnaincis now la sfi.6oo 000. It i* Increasing
very rapidly, and will equal S7.OU)(Xx) for the year limit.
Tbe factory is now turning out 7*ou naira of shoes per
day, rind an addition lt ihc plant Is Wing built whutlt
will increase the capacity to 10.000 pairs per day.
The reason 1 am offering the Pteleired Stock forfiAle
is to perpetuate the business.
If you wish to invent in the best shoe business in the
world, which is permanent, and receive 7 per cent on
your money, you can purchase one share or more in this
great business. Send money l*v easltler'* check or certi
fied cluck. made payable to TV. L. Dougin*. If there
is no hank in your town, send money by express ©r
post office money orders.
Prospectus giving full information about ttnr great
aud profitable business sent upon application. Address
TV. 1- IHM UJ. AS, llrock.lou, Mimi.
pkDROPSY
hy&tW 10 oats’ bsathebt Fan,
Ej , 29 nv. iL’id. Drop.y and its bo
va&’X v pUoatloß & j>ociolty lor iwnnar
'WSv*' T y.Mj with tia cost wonderful
IT . .1 ar.oo*. Have cared many tuoaa
/Jk and casts,
**• *■ n - oasors
'Cltt.tSS'- Box B Atlanta, Qa.
—_ W. Imr Bounty Lund
W arrnnt. Isaona :o sol*
If • I dier, of f!. Mpxlean and
Mexican
rants secured for tbo—
sutitUd, Including heir*.
17 j 'Vrtt* for particulars.
Veterans The Collins Laml Cos.
I! Atlantic Bnlldfuf,
1 ' Washlnfftou, D.
Free Test Treatment
Mrail f Tf yon have no faith in my method eff
\ treatment, send me a sample of your
.-J morning urine for auaiyei*. I will
TM.Sr jSL then send you by mail inj opinion of
roar disease ud oau week's treatment
jOk-J A FA£E Of All GOST. Von will then fee
oonviuoed that my trentmwnt cure*,
i Mni ling case and bottle for urine went
OR. si. ff. SHAFER,
sMvIOuO Peno Avc., Pittsburg, Pa.
'PISOJSI,CURE FOR
I ’ I
1 t/i'.
I
fa.il
I3esi Cough ttyrup. Tastes Good. Use
In time. Sob! by druggist*.
: CONSUMPTION
500 YOUNG MEN
.mi’. f’rai-U,-nl Railway In.!. lurilanaiiolts. Init.
A CHECK-MATE.
She —Papa says ho things our love
affair should be checked.
He—Dear, thoughtful old guy! Tell
him to make the check for four ug
ures, if possible.—Judge.
OCTOBER 26
Iql
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