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SUNDAY M€rRNINC\,
PICTURESQUE
NEW ZEALAND.
BY SIDNEY DICKINSON, E.R.G.S.
WHENEVER Nature pre
pares a continent for the
abode of man, she puts
beside it some conspicuous
Island. Europe lias its Great Britain;
America, its Cuba; Africa, its .Mada
gascar; and Asia, its Japan; and we
shall find, in every instance, that either
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v '
MAORI CHIEF ANI) HI T.
in natural beauty or in developed
strength of national character, these
islands exercise a strong influence up
on the mind of the sympathetic trav
eler. The great island continent of
Australia is no exception to this gen
eral rule. If we compare her with
Europe, then shall we find in New
Zealand the Lesser Britain of the
SKELETON OF “MOA,” AN EXTINCT NEW
zeai,ant> ntr.n.
southern seas. It is a very strange
rind Interesting country which lies al-,
most beneath our feet- a country com- |
parativeiy little known as yet, but
coming yearly into better knowledge i
because of its unexampled beauties ,
and as a resort for tlie invalid, the i
tourist and the pleasure seeker.
It has a stern, rugged coast, of vol
canic origin; the whole stretch of this j
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SPECIMEN’ OF MAORI TATTOOING.
coast Is cut out into deep and
channels, hollowed out in caves,
wrought in shape of pinnacles and
spires; no coast is more fantastic,
none is more dreaded by mariners.
The great attraction of the North
Island of New Zealand, and one of
the world's most remarkable wonders,
is found in the iiot lakes—certainly
one of the strangest and weirdest
regions on the face of the earth. The
entrance into this country is through
a land of broad and rolling fields, lin
gering rivers and jagged mountains.
The soil is used chiefly for grazing,
and a large population is moving al
ready into this beautiful region and
doing extremely well with dairy farms
and fruit on-hards.
Scattered about through the country
are native villages, and upon the hill
sides may still lie seen the palisades
by which the ancient fortified forts
were defended. In the native villages
of to-day appears the granary, used
in common by all the members of the
tribe and upon posts in order
to preserve the store of maize and
sweet potatoes from the ravages of
rats. Upon which animals the Maoris
take revenge by serving them up in a
nutritious fricassee. As for the na
tives themselves (who are called tire
Maoris), let ns intrude for a moment
upon the privacy of this chief whom
we here see enjoying a virtuous repose
at the door of his hut. This chief at
tained considerable fame a number of
years ago as companion of that no
torious Chief Tekouti in his historic
raid against the undefended inhabit
ants of Poverty Bay, where more than
two-score men, women and children
were massacred. It is not a great many
years ago that a worthy chief, having
conquered a number of his enemies
in battle, bad his prisoners ranged in
a row on the ground before him, and,
with his greenstone war club, dashed
out the brains of two hundred and
fifty of thorn with his own hand, then
threw aside his blood-stained weapon
and said. “1 am tired; let the rest live,”
and ordered the carcasses dragged to
the ovens.
The Maoris have lost very much of
tliplr former skill in architecture and
i:i artistic (' ■coralion. To observe of
what the former race was capable,
let its look for a moment upon this
carved front of one of the Maori inoet-
iug houses still found here and there
about the N’orth Island. It is very
curious, interesting and artistic, too.
THE BRUNSWICK DAILY NEWS.
in a rude decorative sort of way. The
figures here are quaint, pot-bellied
monstrosities and goggling eyes of
uiotlier-of-pearl and hands so imposed
as to suggest tile pangs of stomach
ache. These figures are not ideal, but
are, in point of fact, the portraits of
deceased ancestors of the tribe, and ap
peal' in the Maori eye as authentic
likenesses.
Maori tattooing is something re
markable and stiil further illustrates
tile very curious ideas of beauty prev
alent among these people in the an
cient time. As tile Maoris gave over
lighting the causes for these hideous
disfigurations (whose purpose was to
strike terror into the heart of an en
emy) passed away. In order to ap
preciate tlie full extent of a tattooed
warrior’s countenance, however, you
must imagin'' the owner of it over six
feet high and nearly naked; his fea
tures distorted with rage and his
tongue hanging out; loud yells issuing
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DAUGHTER OF CHIEF, SHOWING FEMALE TATTOOING.
from his throat; arms flourishing bat
tle-,tx and war-club, and the whole
stupendous aggregation coming down
in your immediate neighborhood at
the high rate of twelve good English
miles an hour. The ancestors of these
Maoris were an interesting and intel
ligent race; and the present degrada
tion cannot lie too much deplored.
This gentleman was a king, and his
name was as elaborate as bis facial
adornment, namely: Tawhaio Matu
tiere la- Puke-Puke to I'awa to Korate
te a’Pot atu u te Whcreo-Whoiy-o.
Finally we came to Oxford, tlie. ter
mination of the railway line; atul after
a uiglit spent, in a very comfortable
hotel, we took our seats on the top of
one of Carter's line of American-built
coaches to undertake the thirty-four
, miles’ drive lying between us and
Lake Rotorua. About the third of this
distance lies through the ‘‘Eleven
Mile Bush,” where we catch glimpses
of pleasant scenery. As we approach
the town of OUinemntu, which lies up
on the shore of Lake Rotorua, we be
gin to discern the odor of sulphur.
Our road into the town lies between
two streams of nearly boiling water;
and in the fields upon either side in
numerable steam holes blow great
masses of vapor into the air. De
scending to the shores of this curious
lake, we find ourselves walking about
in a vapor bath. All around 11s and
close at our feet, as we step gingerly
along the narrow pathway, tlie shal
low water of innumerable springs
boils and bubbles and the air is filled
with tlie sound of its simmering. If
you have any curiosity to know how
it feels to have your leg boiled, step
but one foot off the narrow pathway
and you may make that addition to
your store of useful knowledge with
surprising suddenness.
A place like lids is, of course, a per
fect* godsend to the Maoris. They can
FRONT OF TRIBAL ASSEMBLY' HOUSE,
soak (hcmsolvos ail day in the warm
weather; cook their meat and potatoes
simply by banging them in their nets
in the corner of a boiling spring, and
live as happily, lazily and uselessly
as the pigs that share their houses
and fortunes. All you have to do 10
launder clothes is to soak n garment
in a hot soda spring and then wash it
out. in warm, clear water In another
spring, and there you are. Even if a
Maori has but one garment, lie is not
abashed. 11c washes it and hangs it
on the fence and sils down in the cos
tume of the Greek Slave unlii it dries.
Each of. these Moating black heads
you see ia (ho warm baths will have
a black pipe in its mouth; and if the
weather is foul, you may see indivi
duals holding umbrellas over Y.cir
heads.
Near by is the great geyser of Wlia
karewarewa, rising from a cone like
tin' most exquisite corn), by which you
can climb to the mouth of tins crater.
There is a dull, thumping sound far
down below. You look over to see
wind is going on; a spurt of hot steam
close to your nose suggests caution;
you draw back, and a bushel of dia
monds are thrown into the air and
rattle down the sides of tin* cone, li is
nothing but drops of pure hot water;
but it looks like diamonds in the sun
light. Then there is a smblcn roar;
llie air scintillates; and it attains as if
nil tile jewelers’ slums had been ex
ploded at once. I have seen many
manifestations of Nature in my time;
but few where she displays at. once
her power and licr beauty so com
pletely as in this great geyser.
A good many naturalists are of the
opinion that the giant bird of New
Zealand, tint imm (generally believed
to be extinct), may still bo found some
where among tin? fastnesses of (be
mountains, such as we have now seen.
Well developed specimens of tills fowl,
like the one whose skeleton is here do
pick'd, are about thirteen feel it
height. At sight: of such, no doubt,
the hunter's jaw would drop. Ids arms
fall down; while as for the nioti, he
would undoubtedly gallop off ns rap
idly in the opposite direction, for ac
cording to the local tradition these
birds were very timid. It is supposed
-in fact, it: is known- that within Hie
last hundred years the,:,. Ifirils have
been alive and walking about in X'ew
Zealand. During my visit there I was
presented with a thigh hone of one of
these birds, which thigh hone was
half as tail as myself.—Scientific
American.
The “L'nil#rf;roiiinl’* in Sint; Sin^,
I was particularly interested in the
Underground Tunnel, for 1 immediate
ly perceived its great usefulness. Tins
was the secret system by which con
traband articles, such as whisky,
opium and morphine were brought into
the prison. When a rogue is per
suasive with the coin of the realm he
can always find a keeper or two to
bring him what he deems the neces
saries of life, among which are opium,
whisky and tobacco. If you have a
keeper right you can lie well supplied
with these little things. To get him
right it is necessary to give up a cer
tain recognized percentage—about one
fifth—of the money sent you from
home. This system is worked in all
the State prisons in X'ew York, and
during my first terra, nine months of
which were spent at -Sing Sing and the
rest at Auburn, I had no difficulty in
supplying my growing need for opium.
—Autobiography of a Thief, in Leslie’s
Monthly.
FORESTRY A f(EW PROFESSION
OFFERS. FJNE OPPORTUNITIES
IT IS IN MANY RESPECTS AN IDEAL PURSUIT \ .
IT AFFORDS FREE AND HEAL THFUL OUTDOOR LIFE
IT IS NOT CROWDED . y„
IT PROVIDES CHANCES FOR WEALTH .•
IT DEALS WITH NATURE S GREATEST BEAUTIES
IKSaSSSSiI NEW profession lias been
opened in the United
gj Ira States. It deals with a
S3 fc-i fjj subject that is not. only
(jjj aa j!j| vital, but oue whose vast
yN importance to both per-
SsEsSlissS™) son,al and national inter
ests has become thoroughly recognized.
It is the profession of forestry.
Of course, there have been forestry
experts in this country for many years.
But most of them were Government
employes in one way or another, and
Government control of forests meant
generally only the conserving of tracts
that wore set aside by State or Federal
authority, to be immune from the lum
berman 'and to be preserved us parks
and forest reserves.
Until the now science shaped itself
slowly out of the war of conflicting in
terests, forestry in the United States,
as interpreted by the public, practically
meant only tile question of saving
American trees from the axe. But
while all this superficial lighting went
on between lumbermen and their sup
porters on one side, and idealists and
theorists on the other, the true science
was shaping itself.
Young men, some sent by the Gov
ernment, others studying on i.lieir own
account, were learning in Europe what
real forestry was in the lands where,
despite ages of lumbering, (he forests
still stand thick and beautiful.
In the past few years these men have
been returning to tell America how to
combine profitable cutting with profit
able preservation, and with the knowl
edge that shows forest owners how to
draw Income from their property and
yet keep it, in other words, how to eat
their cake and have it too, the new
commercial profession of forestry has
become an important and lucrative one.
In many respects it is an ideal pur
suil. It offers unequalled opportunity
for living a free and healthful outdoor
life. It deals with nature's greatest
beauties. It is a profession that is not
crowded. It offers chances for wealth,
since the trained eye of n forester can
see chances in the wilderness which
the untrained man, and even the
trained but unscientific woodsman,
would not guess. It is a business that
promises ample salary, for tile forester
can show his. employers where they
can save or earn thousands of dollars
that without him would bo lost.
While the American forester must
perfect himself In his science by study
ing European forestry, American con
ditions differ so radically from those
of Europe that forestry in the United
States is a profession of its own, and
tiie American has little to fear from
his older colleagues on the other side,
Henry S. Graves, superintendent of
working plans of the Department of
Agriculture, explains this by saying
that the American forester must direct
his efforts, not to the immediate intro
duction of European methods, but to
devising systems which can be ndopt-
ed by land-owners at once, and which
are capable of development as (lie con
ditions of the market allow them. In
many eases these systems will differ
radically from any practiced in Europe.
A great field where practical forest
ers are needed badly and at once in
America is in the vast woodlands
owned or controlled by paper manu
facturing concerns. Many of them
arc confronted with tile problem of u
coming loss of their source of wood
Pulp. Their one hope is to introduce
such a system of lumbering that they
can cut successive crops of wood every
twenty or thirty years; that is, to plant
trees and aid young trees now in the
sections where.they arc lumbering; so
that by the time they have cut their
sva.v through their property new forests
shall have grown up in the old sections
There are millions of acres of land
devoted to trees for wood pulp manu
facture. There arc more millions de
voted to lumbering, where practically
the same conditions prevail—that is,
the owners realize that they must con
serve forests if they expect to get any
future benefit from their property. A
great proportion of these woods are on
land that may never lie available for
anything else. Consequently, if lum
bering is done with no provision for
new growth of trees, the Investments
will be wiped out the moment the last
tree is cut down.
The -State of X’ew York now holds in
reserves 1,100,000 acres of forest lands
in the Adiroudaclcs, and is acquiring
more as fast as appropriations can he
obtained. At present the law prohibits
cutting of any kind, and the system of
forestry is confined to protecting the
forests from fire and theft. But in
time it will become absolutely noces
sary to cut down a proportion of tlie
older trees, not for profit necessarily,
but because the science of forestry in
cludes the thinning of forests in order
to give the majority of tlie trees the
opportunity for development that is de
nied to them by the excMsive growth
of the big and aged trees.
It is not only the product from the
forest that interests the owners to-day.
They have discovered that if they
leave the small trees when lumbering
they can sell the lumbered tracts to
sportsmen at high prices, providing the
cutting has been done so wisely ns to
leave real woods. To do this the serv
ices of the forester are indispensable.
The American lumberman, as a rule
knows all about the best methods of
cutting, but he knows nothing about
conserving.
NOVEMBER 2
Scicntiflc forestry has received h
great impetus in the last year from the
preserves that have been established
by such men as W. C. Whitney, George
Vuflderhilt and Dr. Seward Webb, anil
i roin tlie work of foresters like Gifford
Pinchot.
Mr. Whitney has a great tract of 08,-
000 acres in the Adirondacks, in which
he is working out the problems of for
estry and game preservation. He lias
already introduced moose, and at pres
ent W. 0. Harris, the ichthyologist, is
studying the problem of fish supply
there for him. Besides his own forest
ers, of whom lie has a regiment, the
foresters of the United States Govern
ment have been studying his tract and
have laid out n method of conservative
lumbering. This was done in accord
ance with an offer made by the De
partment of Agriculture to all owners,
public and private, of forest lands, un
der which the United States authorities
volunteered to make studies of certain
tracts which presented favorable op
portunities lo illustrate forest manage
ment, prepare plans for tlie work and
supervise the execution of them.
The owners need merely to pay the
necessary expenses of the Federal em
ploye assigned to the work.
Dr. Webb also had his tract, which
contains about 10,000 acres, examined
by the Government. The Government
exports went through the woods with
hatchets on the face of which the ini
tials “U. 8.” were cut. Every tree that
was selected as a proper one for felling
was blazed with this below the stump,
and the lumbermen had orders to chop
down no tree unless it was so marked.
'the results of the introduction of
scientific methods were surprising. The
net cost to the owner of going through
tlie Webb tract and marking the trws
was $548.79. Among the wasteful
methods discovered in the tract and
checked by the examination was that
of leaving high stumps. The lumber
men do not care to cut the trees near
the ground, because the work is much
harder and tires their backs. By care
ful measurement, the foresters demon
strated that on a tract of 40,000 acres
the net loss front leaving high stumps
v. as 84800, which could be saved read
ily cacli year.
They also drew nn n plan for cutting
the tops instead of leaving them iu the
woods. Asa rule, the lumbermen lop
off from four to twelve feet of the tops,
and this debris always lias been one of
the great sources of forest fires. Lum
bermen have objected to carrying the
tops out because, they declared, they
More unsalable waste and represented
nothing hut loss, and that consequent
ly it would he ruinous to go to the ex
tra expense of transporting them.
Tlie foresters showed that the tops
that were left in t he woods of a 40,000-
acre tract would lie worth S3BOO. Thus
improvident lumbering not only had
caused a constant menace from*fire,
but actually thousands of dollars had
been left in tlie woods to rot each year.
Tims, with the introduction of prac
tical foresters, the problem of the for
ests will he in a way to be solved satis
factorily and practically in the United
States. Lumbering need not. be prohib
ited, hut merely guided wisely, and
there will he no more danger of Amer
ican lands being denuded of forests.-*
New York Sun.
Kt-hica of Connaltatidiis.
The utility of consultation has often
been questioned on the score that they
mean little or nothing tier the patient.
The practitioner in n difficult case is
supposed to need indorsement for his
course, and he is sahl to obtain it in the
unqualifiedly approving verdict of his
counsellor. It is further claimed that
Hie true ethics,of the profession admit
of no other alternative.
From the patient’s standpoint this
is true enough, and is as if. should be
in view of the necessity of preserving
confidence in the medical attendant.
'J ite consultants hat e, on the other
hand, every opportunity to differ in
their private conference; but it Is ob
viously unnecessary to do so in the
presence of the family. Any disagree
ment that may exist ns to diagnosis
and treatment should be suitably ad
justed before a conjoint verdict is ren
dered, If this course is impossible each
one concerted should give a separate
opinion and allow the patient or his
friends either to choose wliat suits
them best, or seek other advice. Under
no circumstances should sueli different
views be offered until after the freest
possible interchange of views in the
consulting room.—Medical Record.
A Nnv Iso For Paper.
Taper gloves and stockings aye now
being manufactured in,Europe. As to
the manner in .which the former are
made little is known, hut the stockings
have been ear. fully examined by ex
perts, and they are loud in their praise
of them. I.et no one assume, they say,
that these stocking-, because they are
made of paper, will only last a few
days, for they will really last almost
as long as ordinary stockings.
The reason, they point out. Is be
cause the paper o'f which they are
made was during the process of manu
facture transformed into a substance
closely resembling wool, and was then
woven grnl otherwise treated as ordi
nary wool. The price of these paper
stockings is low, which is natural,
since paper is much chetffcter than cot
ton or wouL - - . .