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4aF ~ ~*Wf • Yfi Wt® Ws> _ w A ■ r~■ n W?>- -w nir am Mr uJa&W h& > a. w I JHk I ■ ' <t ; T Ww a >o9 I sifSElaaOslPW — ’ ~ i VOLUME 11. I ®iifft^iwi; w OW\ \i£\ < w PI Official Organ of the Patrons of Husbandry. Georgia Farm Notes. —“ J. E. 8., ”of Point Peter, in a commu nscation to the Oglethorpe Echo, gives the fol lowing results of the cultivation of a ter.-icre farm, in Madison county, managed by F- G. Glenn, of Oglethorpe county ; These ten acres are all upland, and some of them would not produce one hundred pounds ofseed cotton per acre last year. He only work ed ten days in the crop himself, having a store to look after —hired balance of labor. His ex penses, including ten days’ work, rent, guano, tools, horse feed, packing, ginning, etc., was SIBO 35. This amount he paid with his ma chine, making garments for the freedmen dur ing his leisure moments from the store. Now for the results: Twelve barrels of good corn, worth sixty dollars; fodder and shucks, ten dollars ; eleven heavy bales of cotton, worth five hundred and fifty-five dollars. Seed pays for ginning, bagging and ties. The above are the actual figures, not guessed at. Madison comity land, Oglethorpe county man. Who can beat it in either county ? Mr. Glenn has bought land in Clarke county, and, I am sorry to say, will leave us next year. —The Rome Courier says it has informa tion that a large and increased area of wheat is being sown in this section of Georgia. This work is also being accomplished with a great deal of pains in the preparation of the land. We are glad to make this statement. It is certainly time that our farmers should be con vinced of the importance of making thiir own provision supplies at home. —The Darien Timber Gazette says : Mr. James Walker recently gathered a bunch of bananas, which grew on his place, that con tained fifty-two bananas which will compare favorably with those grown farther south, in both size and quality. Mr. W. W. Churchill has several lemon trees in his yard that con tain fruit fully matured, and in addition to this, many of our citizens have < range trees that do remarkably well. This shows conclu sively that tropical fruits can be be raised suc cessfully in Darien. —From the Eatonton Jfc.wnper we learn that Mr. W. J. Martin, a hard working and horn est man, living in the western portion of Put nam, made this year on fifteen acres of land fourteen bales of cotton, besides corn, wheat, potatoes, etc., on other lands. Also, that Col. J. R. Hudson, one of the most thorough-going and energetic planters in the county, has made with the ploughing of three mules nearly six ty bales of cotton, besides corn sufficient to do. When this can be done in poor old Putnam, what's the use to seek a better place ? —The Wilkinson Appeal says: A friend has criticised the statement of Dr. T. P. Janes, Agricultural Commissioner, that 2,000,000 of sheep is worth $4,000,000 annu ally as fertilizers ot our land. The argument is this, that a sheep does not give back to the land any more than he takes from it, and that the chemical element imparted to the food in process of digestion is not sufficient to produce thia profit. Inclose a sheep in an acre lot, let him get his entire living there, and he will not give back to the land but little more than he takes from it. — • A book on the game of chess, printed in 1174, may be regarded as the first production of the English press, though the first book printed in the English tongue was the “ Rceu yell of the History of Troy," printed at Cologne September 19, 1471. The first press in Ameri ca was established in Mexico, about 1040. lhe first press in North America was at lam bridge, Mass., about 1638. The first newspa per in the United States was the Borfen Aetr.- Letter, 1704. - •>- The Messrs. Flvnt, of Monroe county, have offered a reward of S3OO for the capture of J. .1. Butler who murdered Mr. I rank Flynt in tktolvr last. This, with the reward offered by the <- v. rnor. makes a sum ol SSOO. which will be paid for the capture ot the mur derer. For the Georgia Grange.] Fruit Raising in Georgia, There are some very striking incon sistencies in men, when we reincinU.r our self-love and self-interest and contrast these with the care wo take of ourselves. This reflection always comes to us when we look at the sta tistics of fruit-growing in Georgia by our rural population. The actual re turns in this branch of our domestic economy, prove that not one-half of cur farmers raise fruit enough for their own use, and we more than suspect that that half know very little of qual ity or variety in what they do raise. Is not this marvellous. What earthly enjoyment of the palate can equal that which is afforded by a first-class pear, apple or peach ? In truth, the pleas ure one experiences in the enjoyment of first-rate fruit, is exalted to some thing above, and far better than most other gratifications of the gustatory faculty. Then, let us look at the profit. If our trees were never allow ed to, overbear, and were made to de velop fully each crop, by proper thin ning, nothing offered in market is in sured a quicker or more paying sale than such fully perfected crops. It is within our knowledge, that “Duchesse” pears, raised not fifty miles from Atlanta, realized as much as eleven dollars a bushel in that city, the present season. Single pears, of this variety, brought as high as twen ty-five cents. It is true, these noble specimens were said to have been brought from California, or it is likely they would have been utterly disre garded by a “discriminating public.” Au acre of Shockley or Yates apple trees, when at maturity, would no doubt, of good crop years, be worth from three to five hundred dollars. But apart from the mere fact of profit, the delight and advantage that an abundance of luscious fruit, all the year round, would afford to the farm er’s own household would be of incal culable good. We will never be fully grown, in a social point of view, until we avail our selves of the humanizing influence which always attend abounding sup ply of things convenient and beautiful. You cannot make the best examples of men raised on bog and harmony only. With a higher and wider range of the better comforts of life, come in a higher and better civilization and so cial development. We are most anxious to see on every farm in Georgia, a first-rate orchard of well-selected fruits. We advise a few sorts of apples, pears and peaches. Let these be selected in view of the perfection tbvy attain, in each particular locality, for much disap pointment often results from a disre gard of this dictate of common sense. We would say, for most parts of our State, take of apples the Red June and Yellow Harvest for early crops ; the Gravcnstein, Oconee Greening, Shockley and Yates, for later sorts. Pears might well be confined to Bloodgood, Dtichisse, Bartlett, Law rence and Winter Nellies. Peaches are admirably represented in Hale’s Early, Early Tillotson. May Beauty, Susquehannah, Flewclleu, White Eng lish and Baldwin late. Os course, we could give a catalogue of book size in names of varieties, and good ones, but our aim is to popular ize fruit-raising, and not to encourage attempts inameteur diffusion of effort. W e Fnoic that the sorts we are here recommending to the friends and read ers of The Grange, will amply reward the most diligent care. We never were more fully satisfied of any fact in rural economy than this, that if one desires to raise fruit for ma.-A-e.' that the ef fort should assuredly be confined to a limited—and very limited—number of sorts. This subject of fruit culture, is one i of grave importance to our people, and we shall retain to it again and again, having in this article, barelv hi ted at it. FRANKLIN PRINTING ATLANTA. GA.. DECEMBER 4. 1875. THE NATIONAL GRANGE. Annu i! Address of Worthy Master D, W. Adam -. ' Delivered at the Ar.nurd Session c.’ the National Grange P. H.. in Louisville, Ky., 'Nov. 17, 1875. Patrons—Time flies ! One brush I of bis wings, a deep wrinkle on the ] brow, another thread of silver in the i locks, and a year is gone to take its I place in the great army of the past. , The grim, unerrin r archer has , spread his shafts, striking down alike 1 the high and low, and given their I names and deeds to history. Yet of the fraternal band which met at Georgetown, at St. Louis, and Charleston, not one has received the deadly shaft, and w r e meet to-day with unbroken and argmented ranks to la- I bor in the glorious cause. A few familiar and beloved faces j we miss from their accustomed places, 1 having been delegated to other fields , of usefulness. In theiy stead are new forms, 1 strange to our sight, but properly re cognized as laborers in the same field, and we cordially extend to them a fra ternal welcome, and will hold them with a Patron’s “grip.” Not only are we pleased to note our old ranks full, but delighted to extend them, and incorporate in our fraternal band, the Husbandman and Matron who have cleared new fields and sown seed on new ground. With one ac cord, our voices greet the representa tives of Delaw ire and Connecticut, our hands grasp them, our hearts welcome them. By this advent of new members, will be brought new ideas and fresh thought, and in the work before us, we expect of them the enthusiasm of re cruits, combined with the steadiness of veterans. Since our last meeting, our Order has added another year to its Eventful existence. It has received the criti cism alike of friend and foe. It lias stood like a rock against the buffetings of enemies, and is now looked upon, more and more, as the bulwark of its friends. It, to-day, is stronger in members, more compact in organiza tion, richer in experience, and lies nearer our hearts than ever before. Over two thousand subordinate Granges have been organized, and two more States have put on our armor, and ad vanced to the front to do valiant bat tle for the good cause. In some localities, Granges have, from various causes, languished and I died. Sometimes, the material of which i they were composed, was too weak to I live, and sometimes had, from ungeni- I al occupations, no interest in common < with our purposes. Sometimes Granges were too close together, and. like torest trees, planted too thickly, the strong overshadowed and smothered the weak. But. like forests, this close planting forced the survivors to a taller, straighter growth, and their branches stretch out and cover the whole ground. Some Granges complain of a want of interest among the members, ami a thin atten dance of the meetings, while others, and by far the larger portion, an nounce a continued interest. In those cases where a poor attendance is com plained of, it is universally the case that the office rs of the Grange do not provide for interesting and instructive exercises. It cannot be expected of members to attend regularly, when nothing of interest is transpiring, but, I wherever officers make the meetings 1 attractive, the attendance is always good. I beg leave to call, once m<?re, the attention of the National Grange 1 to this most important matter of lay ii _ 1 down some plan or plans, by means c. which subordinate Granges may be e labled to amuse and inst ruct mem- Ueis, so as to make the me» tings full, ami thus keep their present member ship and largely increase it. The work of the last year has been done under the Constitution as amend ed at St. Louis, and in the main, it seems to be more satisfactory than be fore, but, in a few points, experience has shown us that some further change is necessary, and further action to re move ambiguities. In this connection, permit me to call your attention to the composition of the State Grange. Under the old Constitution, Masters of subordinate Granges, and their wives, who were matrons, were mem bers, and Past Masters and their wives were honorary members, eligible to of fice, but not entitled to vote. In many of the States, this made a body too large to do business, and too expensive for the means at the com mand of the State Grange Treasury. In changing the Constitution to its present form the National Grange had, mainly, in view, the reducing th? num ber of paid voting members of the State Grange, but inadvertently, the la’Vjwas so worded as to cutoff all Past Masters and wives from even honorary membership, and, of course, from eligi bility to office. This appears to be a very unfortun ate mistake, for it places many of our best, most experienced, and faithful members, where we cannot avail our selves of their services. It is eminent ly proper that when a person ceases to be a Master of a subordinate Grango, thenceforth he should have no vote in a State Grange, yet it seems good poli cy that the direct representative of the subordinate Granges should be allowed to retain official services of such Past Masters as have proved able and true. The last line of the same section is such as to create doubt in the minds of many members, and some have con strued this to mean that any Master of a subordinate Grange, or his wife, who is not a delegate is not a member of the State Grange in any sense, and, hence, ineligible to office. This ambiguity should be removed- by proper amend ment. In regard to district Granges, some difference of interpretation has arisen concerning the three-fourth degree members, who may be elected to the district Granges. Some States have provided for the election of three mem bers each quarter, and under such an interpretation they may provide for the election of members every week or day in the year, thus absolutely endanger ing the very existence of the subordi nate Granges by swallowing them up in the county Grange, and at the same time making the county Grange so | cumbersome as to be valueless and im practical, like the State Grange under the old law. If the present wording of the law really is capable of two interpretations, , it should be at once shorn of all ambig ! uity. There is one feature of our law which lias caused much comment by the press , and others, they claiming that all 1 fourth degree members should be eli gible t<> all offices inState and National Granges, thus carrying the presump tion that all fourth degree members are not thus eligible. The fact is each member is equally eligible, but our law very ju diciously provides that before he can hold any office in the State Grange he must receive the highest possible in dorsement from his own neighbors who know him best, by being elected to the highest office of his subordinate Grange. This places it out of the pow of a State Grange to elect to office in the State Grange a plausible, good talk er, who could not be elected Gate keeper at home where he was better known. Our iaw also very properly provides ■ that l>efore any member can hold office in the National Grange he must re ceive the highest possible indorsement from bis own State Grange, and thus endorsed by his own State, and not till j then, can the National Grange place ! him in a position of trust. It is a I most judicious measure of safety, as it I gives the State Grange in advance the power to say which of their members shall not hold office in the National Grange. This provision is eminently wise, cautious and conservative, and will always secure men for office who have experience, and have shown that they possess the confidence of those who know them best. Some also claim that the higher de grees should be accessible to all who will pay a certain fee of membership, thus selling for money to the rich what is now reserved as a reward for long service from rich and poor alike. In obedience to a resolution of the National Grange, the offices of the Or der have been removed from Washing ton and located in the city of Louis ville. The location may now be considered permanent, for certainly it is appropri ate that the headquarters of a great ag ricultural organization should be loca ted in the center of the great agricul tural district of our country. Being thus established, it seems to be emi nently proper and wise that this great Order should have a habitation as well as a name. The inquiry is often made of what use is a great fund in the National Grange? And there seems to be a sort of unde finable dread lest some accident should happen to our accumulated treasure. I would, therefore, most heartily rec commend that the sum now invested in United States bonds be used for the erection or purchase of such a building in this city as shall be consistent with the convenience and dignity of the greatest secret society in the world. It will thus form a center to which all Patrons can look as the result of their contributions, and be an example of solid strength that State and subor dinate Granges will do well to emulate. Did the National and each State and subordinate Grange now own and oc cupy suitable buildings’t would, in it self, be almost a sure guarantee of per manence. It shows wonderful vitality in our Granges that so many have survived and prospered without any fixed or suit able habitation, but holding their meetings in school-houses, or any oth er building that might be temporarily attainable. I have yet to learn of the first failure of a Grange w r hich owned and occupied a convenient, comfortable and well-ap pointed hall. No subordinate Grange should be for a moment satisfied with its situation un til it owns a hall, fully furnished with all the conveniences of a Grange room, in i eluding musical instruments and a I well selected library. Such Granges never die, but, rooted in the affections 1 of their members, they will bestow rich ; blessings 4 on agriculture long after 1 their founders 1 ave crossed the dark river. The question of co-operation in which our members have so deep an in i terest, has received much and careful ! thought from the executive committee of the National Grange, and they will : have ready a report which is believed ‘ to embody the essence of what the world has discovered of co-operative ; principles and practice, and they have I endeavored to adapt it to our present I wants. This will be submitted to you i at an early day. i Regarding transportation and a ' sound currency, our members are deep ;ly interested. My own views on these J questions have been so fully given in former messages I need not trouble ' you with their reiteration further than to sav that the convictions before ex ! pressed are only deepened and strength t ened by each passing year. I The loan which the National Grange NUMBER 31. offered the State Granges has only been called for by a minority of the States, the balance having allowed it to remain in our fiscal agency subject to their call, thus showing an ability on the part of most State Granges to carry on their work on their regular revenue. That the revenue of State Granges is ample for all expenses is shown by the very handsome balances in some of the State treasuries after meeting all necessary expenses. Indiana and Ohio are nota ble examples of good financial manage ment, both having pletoric treasuries, the former, especially, containing over $20,000. Such cases are cheering to all good Patrons, and bright examples of thrift and economy which public bodies and private individuals should emulate. The few topics I have here touched upon are but a little of what will de mand your attention. Assembled as we are from every portion of our great republic, we necessarily represent every phase of American agiiculture. It will tax, to the utmost, your wisdom and prudence to legislate that none be op pressed or none wronged. The relation of National, State and subordinate Granges to each other is one of the utmost delicacy, and should so be handled that the utmost confi dence and fraternal good feeling shall be observed between them, for thus on ly can our grand edifice maintain its strength and symmetry. The laws regulating their conduct should be characterized by a spirit of kindness and forbearance, and execu ted with even-handed justice. Thus shall we beget in all Patrons such an affection for our Order that they will rally around our altars and defend them from every attack. And now, Patrons, in addressing our selves to the work before us, let us real ize that we are the representatives of the greatest secret society of the word, and the greatest subordinate interest of the nation. Let us remember that the waif are of millions may be affected by our slight est deviation from the true path, and, thus remembering, let our councils be characterized by wisdom, calmness, and justice, and may the work done here make us stronger as an Order, more prosperous as producers, dearer friends and better citizens. Black Tongue. This disease is now quite prevalent among the cattle, sheep and deer in many parts of Missouri, and seems to be working South. When first attacked the animal evinces a disposition to re ject all food ; this is quickly followed by slob bering, and the animal becomes stiff and apparently unable to move without great exer tion. Unless checked the disease is usually fa tal in from three to ten days. A gentleman writing to the Osceola (Mo.) Sentinel, claims to have had much practical experience in the treatment of cattle so afflicted, and reccom mends that on an animal being taken sick, the tongue and mouth be examined, and if a dark, gangrenous streak is found in the mouth, and the tongue, instead of having its characteristic roughness, is slick and dry, it will be evidence that the disease is “ black tongue. ” After having ascertained these facts, then open the jaws of the animal, and with a swab, made of cloth, thoroughly cleanse the mouth and apply pulverized quick lime. This lime acts as an escharotic, and destroys the dead and unhealthy tissues, and stimulates the part to take on a healing action. The writer assures us that in every case where this course has been carefully pursued a permanent cure has been certain. The Barnesville Gazette, of the 251 h inst, says : “ Last Thursday night at Williamsville, in this county, a very sad murder occurred. The facts, as we are able to get them, are that a Mr. Jno. Rogers and a Mr. Jas. W. Smith had been drinking, and decided to test their power at pulling scales, when a misunderstanding occurred, words ensued, and Rogers stabbed Smith, cutting his jugular vein. Smith turned and pursued him a few steps and fell dead. Rogers has not been seen in the neighborhood since.” _ Mrs. Barbara Cauthorn, of Pike county, . an invalid and for many years confined to her I bed, disappeared recently, and though diligent [ search was made for her, she has not yet been 1 found.