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2 ffi*cntgtn ©range Subecrlpllon and Advertising: Kate*. Tun QroriaGß*kK, representing and advoent- Inc the interests of tue Patrons of Husbandry in tins St ito, already nuinbt*ntf a membership of forty tnon ■and, and rapidly increasing from day to day, presents teevery class of our citizens, both in Georgia and else where one of the most efficient and valuable advertis ing raedimnsin the land. It will circulate in every countv in the Slate, and will doubtless come under the eyeao'i a hundred thousand persons. All Interested should no' fail to take notice of this fact. Oor advertisingratesareas follows: Two Dollars per square each insertion. Bight linos make one square, cuts and heavy ‘ottering double price. . a( , All transient advertisement* must be paid in ad vance ; regular advertisements quarterly. Term* of Subscription. To Clubs of ton and upwards .. > ou Address letters and communications to GEORGIA GRANGE PUBLISHING CO., P. O Drawer 24, Atlanta. Oa. Official 'irgan of the Patrons of Husbandry. ATLANTA GEORGIA, JANUARY 13, 1877 For Stale lrlnt>r. Mr. James P. Harrison is a candidate for the office of State Printer. Tlie best evidences given for tlie prompt and faithful performance of the duties of the officji with rigid observance of economy in the execu tion of the Public Printing. Executive Committee. The Executive Committee of the State Grange has been in session in the city this week The Committee has male ample arrangements for the building up of languishing Granges, and collecting all available material for a healthy and active organization. Also authorized our State Agent, Mr. Ket ner, to confer with manufacturers of commercial fertilizers for lowest figures, both cash ant. cotton option. The place atid time of next meeting of the Stßte Grange being left tfrith the Exec utive Committee, that Committee will receive anr proposition ffom cities de siring the same, as to accommodations, etc. The Committee congratualatc the Order on the potent change for the better with planters, to-wit,: that a large majority of supplies have been raised at home, which has! been ac complished by the organization. And we assure the Patron* of Husbandry in Georgia, that if the same policy should be enlarged ar.d faithfully ad hered to, that Georgia .will soon be, agriculturally, the ‘“Empire State” of the South. (■eorglat Societies* Georgia has seventy-eight county and district societies devoted to the promotion of agriculture, horticulture and pomology. Besides these it ba-t the Georgia State Agricultural Society, one of the rnos f efficient and thorough organized organizations of the kind in the Unit and States; in existence for thirty vears ; having a membership of five thousand and a library of 3.500 volumes. The total number of v*l. times iu these societies is 5,401 Sev enty-five of these societies have been organized since the war, and one during the war, the “Longstreet Agricultural Society,” in Coweta eouuty, in 1863. Clayton county has three, and Jack son county has three. Sixty counties ir. the State have one or more societies. . ♦ Dot! 11l of the Kail road King. Commodore Vanderbilt, the great railroad king of tbo United States, died at his residence in New York, on the 4th inst. Th' l present market value of his fortune, mostly in stocks and bonds of the New York Cential and Hudson River Railroads, is eight,- five million dollars His son, Wil liam, inherits the Irulk of this vast es tate, a though the bequests to relativt s and friends amount to several millions of dollar-. ... -commodore Vanderbilt, was (lie founder of tbe Vanderbilt University, at Nashville, Tennessee, to build and furnish which he gave one million dol lars. Let every Grange in the State be revived. Let the sap of life flaw freely through every branch of our noble or ganization. Action—action! ii what we need. Let us be up and doing, and build up our great and wise cause higher and stronger. Let us reuiem ber how much we have already been benefited as Patrons, and then resolve to increase our welfare to a still great er extent. Make a p int to attend your Grange meeting regularly and promptly, and study beforehand what you will do or say to make the meeting interesting. And remember, it is what you do for yourselves at, home, not what the Na otinal o irState Grange does for you (bat ia of use toyou. Tlie National Grange. Hou. D Wyatt Aikin, of South Carolina, commenting on the recent session of the National Grange at Chicago, in the Charleston News and Courier', calls the session a “smi-har monious” one, and not productive of the anticipated amount of practical good. He says : "No steps were taken so improve the social or moral advantages of the Order, nor lo draw together the cords of fraternity that bind to gether the members of this Order throughout (lie Union; and perhaps this was well ; for these points seem to be understood and fully appreciated bv the Order, and will serve ever to make it attractive to the intelligent farmer." He thinks, however, that much good must result from the discussion that took place in tbe business department of the Order, believing that when once tbe minds of the American farmers are fixed upon a possible plan to develop this branch of the O der, there will be no lack of applicants for membership in every State in the Union. International co-operation received a full share of the discussion, and thus remains in statu quo. The National Grange ordered sever al thousand copies ot the rituai of the Order to be published in the German language. Slock Raising. Stock raising is an employment that should be much more generally follow ed by our people than it is. It is a mine of wealth which but few of our farmers have, as yet, explored. In tbe States North and West, of us this feature of domestic productiveness is patronized by the most intelligent and enterprising classes of the rural popn lation, with great success and large profits. There is nothing in the world to prevent Georgia from rivaling any of her sister States in this matter —will and application aloDe are necessary — all other requisites nature has furnish ed abundantly, and as the Southern Farmer pertinently says, it is the stock farms that grow rich, and thereby en rich their owners. It is tbe cotton plantations and planters, and the ex clusively grain farms and their tillers, that are alike becoming worn out an I impoverished—the former of their uatural productiveness and the latter both physically and financially. Now is the best season of all the year for a change Stoik will prosper 1 on less i j the South than in those Spates where t hey have to feed for seven mouths of the year; and this gr at advantage will more than (■•mpensate for laU of ex - perience in the Southern grower. But no stock will pay on the starvation principle. It has often been tried, an 1 tailed in every case. It is liberal feed ing the bretdsthat pay ; and these pay in every cate, and in proportion to the excellence of the breed and the liber al.ty in feeding. By feeding so as to keep the stock iu a thriving condition from birth, winter and summer, it will not be difficult to make a two year old steer weigh as much as one at tlree when fed in the ordinary way, or a pig at nine months as heavy as a bog is usually at eighteen months The same mle will hold good in all classes of domestic animals. Raise stock. Sugar and ttlce. The reciprocity treaty uoncluded a few months ago between the United State* and the Sandwich Islands, for the special benefit of New England sugar and rice planters, and Ca'ifornia merchants, is, it is said, beginning to exhibit its beneficial effects on the islands already. New sugar and rice plantations are being brought into cul tivation, and the planting interest, which before the treaty, was in a con dition of decay, has been restored to new hte. It is estimated that the next sugar crop will be twenty.five per cent, greater than the last, and that the rice crop will show a still larger increase. It has been the habit to send the sngar crop chiefly to the Australian colonies, on account of the low duties that pre vailed there ; but since, under the re ciprocity treaty, Sandwich Islands su gar is admitted into the United States without 4uty, the whole crop will here after come to Sin Francisco. Indeed, t wo-thirds of the next crop has already been engaged by the San Francisco refiners. There will be no fall in the price of sugar, even in San Francisc*, for the present, on account of this free admission of the isiands’ products; all the advantages will go to the refiners of that city. The price of rice has fallen, howev er, in that market. San Francisco will reap nearly all the benefits of the new eaty, on this eidi. its erportz of tr lumber, hardware and flour, have nearly trebled in tbe last month, and arrange ments are being made by the Pacific Mail Steamship Company to put on a direct line of steamers between San Francisco and Honolulu. Cotton Crop and movement. The Financial Chronicle of January 6t.b, in its review of the cotton crop and its movement, says : To bring the crop this year down to 4 250 - 000 bales (calling the year’s overland 300,000 bales, and the Southern consumption 145,000 same as last year), the port receipts for the balance of the year will he 1,204,000 bales against 1,851,000 bales last year, or a falling off of 647,000 bales. Such a decrease in the future movement looks large, and this fact has during past weeks made large estimates popu lar. But, if we examine tlie figures for pre vious years, we find a case where the conditions were very similar. For example, on January 1, 1875, the port receipts reached 2,106 675 bales, against 1,858,349 hales for the previous year, or an increase of 248,326; and yet the total port receipts only reached 3407,169 bales, agaiast| 3,804 290 bales, showing that, the movement subsequent lo January 1 must have bee i 555 447 bales less than in tlie same months of 1874. . 1 The rapid falling ofi at some’points in the rece'p's this week must not be taken as' an indication of the exhaustion of the crop in those districts. That the crop has come for ward more rapidly than ever before, would ap pearto be beyond doubt, hat, at tlie same time, it is not true that there is no cotton left. The weather lias been unusually severe and wintry over almost the entire South, and in some sections it haR been impossible to move cotton. Under such circumstances it is no surprise that the receipts should show a severe c 'eck, es pecially during the holiday season,, when they are always comparatively small. Yet, while we look for some revival in the marketing movement at the points referred to, we must expect, of course, a large decrease each week front last year. For if there is any reliance to he placed upon onrcorrespondent’s opinions with regard to the yield in their re spective dißcri is, tlie expectation still held by many of a lour and a half million crop this year must be given up. In fact, there would seem to be no good grounds for putting the total estimate higher than 4,300,000 bales as a maximum, with all the probabilities in favor of a smaller total. To flic General tssiiii lily—Greetin';. Gentlemen : We most cordially ex tend to you an invitation to visit the Franklin Steam Printing House, Nos 27 and 20 Smith Broad Street You wiP find a genuine old G’orgia wel. come when you come, and we will en deavor to make you “feel at fyome/' and induce you to A larg * list of exchanges ns aTwApi at your service, including all of our county papers; you will find warm and com fortable rooms, writing desks, etc., a* youf disposal, a,d ovary ft, spending a leisure’ hoar profitably and agreeably. We will also take great pleasure in showing yon through our extensive publishing, printing and binding de pad ments, and machinery hall; a sight well worthy of your notice, and which no similar establishment, south of Louisville can equal in extent an 1 com pleteness of outfit. As Georgians you will take pride in examining a homo establishment, man aged and operated by Georgians, which is, in every respect, equ il to the best of similar Northern establishments, and whose work is acknowledge as rial ling, if not excelling, the premium pro ductions of Eastern cities. As con servators of the prosperity of our dear old State, and as promoters of its industrial inter ists, you will take de light in noticing the high standard of excellence which has been achieved in Georgia in the grand Art of Brining, ‘•the art preservative of all ads,” and whose result you can here study in all its wonderful detail. The numerous presses, constantly in operation, the mailing machines, the hook making and binding departments, the third floor entirely devoted to newspaper and job work tvpe setting, the editorial and exchange rooms, are all obj jets of special lu.erest, and will repay you for visiting them Individually, and collectively, we leiterate our nordial invitation to you. You will always fmd “the latch string on the outside” and a hearty greeting within, during your stay in the Capital, or at any other time, when you may honor us with a visit. Very respectfully and truly yours, Geouoia Grange Publishing Cos. The Georgia Grange conies out printed from the press of Jar. P. Harrison & Cos., of the Franklin Printing House, Atlanta. The house is really and truly a Georgia enterprise, and as such should and will command the support of the intelligent farmers of Georgia.— Savannah Morning News — The attention of Patrons, farmers and merchants, is directed to the ad vertisement of Messrs. Pendletons A Lampkin, in another column. Their extensive business will enable them to supply any thing in their line. Call and see the n, or send yonr orders. The firm is reliable, and well known through out the State. For thu Georgia Grange.] Commissioner of Agriculture—Report No. 34. We have received Report No. 34, from the State Agricultural Depart ment of Georgia, which furnished to thefarmersmuch useful and valuablein foruiation, and strange to say, there is much opposition to this Bureau, which I am glad to say did not originate with the farmers, but from a few commercial men that were acting as agents for large manufacturers of fertilizers. Tbe trouble was the Agricultural Depart ment was making a most rigid inspec tion of all fertilizers brought into the State for sale, in order to detect spuri ous and worthless fertilizers, so as to save the farmers from frauds and im position, which greatly interfered with the commissions of agents, hence their opposition to this Agricultural Depart ment, and pronouncing it a useless ex pense to,, the people and ought to be abolished. It would be better for tlie farmers throughout the State, was there a large appropriation made *o sustain this Department, in order that the able Commissioner at its hea 1 could make it more useful and serviceable to the agricultural interest of Georgia. It is r.ow being conducted under a mast stinted appropriation, considering its importance and value to the' agri cultural interest of Georgia, and rather than discontinue it, we would prefer seeing it enlarged and made per manent In this number (34) comparisons ar made of the crops for the last five years, showing the actual condition of the farming interest of Georgia, and what, progress is being made; and it also showed from correspondents all over the State, the -esults of labor as em ployed under the different systems of hireing for money wages or a part of the crop given, and it shows, from 88 er cent, of the correspondence, that wages paid is most profitable We trust, that this report will fall into the hands of every reading and reflecting farmer m Georgia, so as they can learn what is for their best interest. I have considered from the first, since the •mancipation f slavery, that the most Atrieate questi >n we bad to deal with was the labor question, a~d it will al ways eontinne to be so. Where lie grois are numerous they can easily be hired for jfioney wages, but where scarce and few, and where few, they are generally the roost intelligent, they can dictate their own terms, as the competition is with the employers and not among the laborers, and where such is the case, the share system has to be adopted. But I am astonished to *i*e in this report. “ that 60 per cent, of the correspondents report one hall the crop given for labor alone, and the landlord furnishing the land, toolsjj stock, and feeding the stock.” That is simply ruinous, and no farmer can thrive at it Laborers a few years ago, with us, contended for the half, and generally it was submitted to by the landlords. I stood out against it, te;lmg them that before I would submit to it, as I had fine lands, good stock, and fine farming implements, I would hire hands and break up my land and let it grow up in grass and make hav from it as my crop. My hands yielded to *iy former rates, which was one-third of all the crops made, except cotton, of which I gave them half; but I plant hut little cotton and those hand* h tve bean living three years with me, per fectly contented, and have made more and are hotter off than hands getting the half; and even on my terms there is no profit in farming, merely a living, sol can’t understand how those givug a half can stall 1 it. Old men like mvsfif. have to do the best we can, lut were Ia young man again, I would always hire hands for money wages, and give them iny per sonal superintendence, and work them on the rule of labor’s worth for money’s worth, and gi largely into stock-raising, particularly sheep. Sheep should be my profits, for there is more moaey in sheep than any thing else. Another encouraging item in the ag ricultural report is, “ a geueral dispo sition to more diversified farming,” and also “to stock-raising.” That was the theme I first and strongly advocated and recommended to the fanners just after the war, in my numerous articles written for the agricultural journals, to plant less cotton and raise our own food supplies and stock, and make our farms self-sustaining, and our atate in dependent of the West for its bread and meat; but nothing written or said then could control the mania for cotton raising, the whole South was given tq it, until it ruined the Couutry. We trust now, as that great error has fully satisfied our farmers of its ruin ous policy, they will nevei fail l ack to such a system again, for test assured, there can never be success in farming unless crops are diversified, and farms made eutiiely self sustaining. I am glad to see that our Commis sioner of Agriculture entertains the same opinions in his report, ami iu con clusion, I must say_ that in my opinion, too uraeli cotton is yet planted. If three millions of bales could be made the maximum crop, and every farmer raised his own food supplies, and raised all the stock needed for his own U3@, no country could show a more prosperous and independent class of farmers than the South. We have every elementfor success, if we would only utilize it properly. Let us live at home, and live within our means, audail will be right. Jno. 11. Dent. Cave Spring, G;t., Dec. 28, 1876. lnaii-ural Address ol Gov. A. II- Col quitt, Hellvored before tlie General Assembly of Georgia, January 12, 1 577. Gent>eme/i of the Senate and Iliuxe o) Eepresen tatives: In accordance with the Constitution and laws of the Slate, I appear before you to take the oath of office as G ivernor of Georgia for the next four years No edict of an autocrat con venes us in this hall to-d iy ; no coercion whether it comes from a master, or the exigen cies of faction, or the peril of the State—has forced ns to assemble for this ceremony. But, self marshalled, we are here to witness the peaceful change of public administration; the dutiful and dignified surrender of power by one public servant, and the assumption of offi cial responsibility by another. The custom of my predecessors, as well as my deep sense of gratitude to the people, de mand Iront me a few words expressive of that gratitude, and indicating, in general terms, the policy which the times seem to demand. The unprecedented mij ,rity which called me here, overwhelms me with thankfulness. Lan guage failsme in the attempt to give it ade quate expression. It shall be my effort to prove the depth of my gratitude by a complete devo tion to the public interests committed to me, and by an unremitting care that neither the honor nor the wellare ol this beloved Common wealth shall suffer by the confidence you have reposed in me as the servant of the State. Tlie Executive Government o; a free, meat and prosperous Commonwealth I lie Georgia, with its million and a quarter of intelligent inhab itants, affords for the exercise u. patriotic statesmanship, a sphere of honorable public service as exalted and comprehensive as the ambition of any man could desire. D.ffident of uiy ability, and distrusting my own capacity lor this high and holy service, whilst I solicit your counsels and co-operation, 1 shall reverently invoke the aid ol Divine Providence to enable meiotulfill the solemn obligal ons which 1 am now toauauuni. Tue allusion to the large majority by which I was elected —the largest ever before given in Hie Slate on a similar occasion —has been been made, not in any vain spirit ol personal tri umpli, but to deduce from the magnitude of that majority two important public lessons. It exhibited the intense and universal interest lelt by the masses of our people in this State, in securing at *the hallo -b ix, the victory of those who are contend ng for the liberty and rights ot the ctizrn and the listitations’of the Constitution. Never before in Georgia has there been a more profound conception of the true principles of Constitutional Government, a m ire wide-spread sensibility to the dangers threatening our free institutions, or a more ar dent and eouscien lous sympathy with the friends of the Constitutional Union. This no ble devotion of our people to a true Republic of liberty and law, has pervaded all sections of the State and animated all classes of onr pop u ation. It has given such an expression of confidence in the legitimate methods of lawful election, as leaves no doubt of our fi lenity to our constitutional convictions and the constitu tional modes of giving them utterance a id ef fect. In the grand popular majority of the recent gubernatorial election, in to lie read the over whelming interest that Georgians leel in the groat issues now convulsing the country, and their determined purpose to keep in alignment with the patriotic millions of cmr Northern friends who are seeking by the peaceful instru mentality of lawful mifhage, to re establish goo! government under the un liaputed suprem acy ot the Federal Constitution. 1 but speak my own deep-felt sentiment, and echo the public voice •! Georgia, when I say that in ail the complications oi na ional politics, now so replete with fevered in'erest, we stand in immovable sympathy wth the elected exponent of constitutional liberty, re trenchment and reform. We will adhere to him and his co laborers, with the fidelity due to the champion of a righteous cause, in every patriotic endeavor they may wake to secure the honest and unmistakable will of a large major ity of the American people, constitutionally expressed at the polls. I refer with especial pleasure to the second lesson of out graiilying and unprecedented maj irity In the Gubernatorial contest, repeated no less decisively in the Presidential election in our State. As 'he benefit -of lord self-govi rnraent have been experienced, and the baleful influence of malicious interference has been withdrawn, the colored p ople have recogniz’d that oui own home-.olks are their true friends, and acted with us politically. Large numbers vo ted with us, and swelled th > Gubernatorial and President a' maj irities beyond all precedent. Tney have witnessed in all their material in t rests the cflects of a good home government, administered by people wedded with them to the same soil, and whose interests are all interwoven with their own. Of no right has the humblest of them been deprived. The ad vancement of the race in knowledge and in civilization has been, and shall continue to be, a special Irust and solemn duly. Hence, cor dial relations, so natural and so necessary both to them and to the whites, are being rap idly and permanently established, and quiet and peace and sympathy between the races per vade the entire State. The people of this entire country have but to look, and they cannot fail to see how the more powerful race, when left to its own sense of right and policy, will treat the colored citi zen ;and how, when thus free to act, the races feel for each other a natural interest, pursue a common course, and enjoy a reciprocal pros perity. How wise were the fathers when they rested the Constitution upon the solid pillars of local self-goveenment in the States 1 Georgia, gentleman, is the home of all Georgians, of every race, c dor and condition ; her local government is the government of us all; one future for weal or woe awaits us and our families, and the nobler feeling of our nature, as well as the hard common sense of theself-interes 1 of all, demand the united polit ical ac ion of all. But to pass to other mat era o f domestic policy wherein all Georgians have a common and a vital interest. Not only were constitu tional and political liberty talismanie words of power in the late great contest, but retrench ment and reform shone conspicuously on all the banners that heralded the victory of the friends of constitutional liberty at the polls. The eyes of all Americans look with confi dence to the great reformer just elected President, to reform the National Administra tion. Let us, gentlemen, look at home, and whilst my own immediate predecessor and your indi vidual predecessors, have not been unmindful of their duty, let us remember that times have changed, and values of all kinds have sunk and are still sinking. We must further retrench—we must reform yet more. It is our imperative duty to lighten the public burdens* Twenty years ago the taxable property in Georgia was over five hundred millions of dollars. To-day it is only two hundred and fifty millions. Then the taxation was only a half million—to-day it is a million and a quarter. With less than half the property, we have nearly three times the taxation. With property thus depreciated, and continuing to depreciate as it has done for the last two or three years, it is clear that our revenues will diminish in the same proportion, and our in come will not meet cur obligations. These obligati ms, genfiemen, are sacred. Ihe in terest on our debt, now about eleven millions, must and will be paid, and our credit at any and every sacrifice must he maintained. The current expenses of the State government must be promptly met. Our charitable institutions must be kept up. In this exigency, we are driven to the alternatives—retrenchment or increased taxation. The latter must be avoid ed, if possible. I invite your earnest atten tion to the former, and now engage that in all methods which your experience and wisdom rosy devise for saving the peolple from in creased burdens, I will most cordially co-op erate with you. Let us not wait for grand occasions, or for instances of prodigious waste, in which to begin our reforming economy. If we cannot save large sums, let us see to it that the smallest leaks, which are wasting the pub lic treasure, if there he such, shall be stopped. In such an industrial dearth and financial pressure as we are now experiencing, a system embracing small economies is not to be de spised or neglected. R'gidly honest expendi ture in the public administration, State policy demands. But besides this, a moral effect will be secured by it which will be of incalculable benefit. While we give the whole financial world the lullest guarantee of our solvency by such a policy, we, at the same tune 1 place before every household in the State an exam ple worthy ofall imitation, We rebuke, by this example, a wasteful and oslentatious expenditure among our people, which as surely wrecks the substance and p osperiiy of the hem *, as it destroys t ie more imposing structure called the public credit. Tue counties aid municipalities of the State will catch the inspiration, and we will again see the day when official probity will be the universal rule, and taxation never draw an other dollar from the producer’s pocket to be wasted or misappropriated. Our work is before us, gentlemen, and a grand achievement is within our grasp Tjiat work is tlie restoration of tt vast heritage, which a sad fortune lias Rorely wasted and damaged. It is to evoke a thousand splendid resources, now unutiliz-d. It is to maintain the proudest and noblest traditions—an honor unsullied—the status of as worthy and respect able a constituency as exists,and its position hy the side ol the most advanced of Common wealths. This labor, vast as it is, exacts no impossible thing at our hands. With the blessings of Heaven, and the agencies of clear heads and pure hearts, it may be accom pl shed Again solemnly invoking the Divine aid upon our efforts to serve our beloved State, I now take the oath of office. Grand Master Buchanan, of lowa State Grange in fits annual address, at Dos Moines, stated that the mem bership bad falvu from 60,000 to about 30,000 within the last three years, and that the dues of the State to the National Grange for the last year, amounting to 51,830.50, weru re mitted by tbe latter body because there was no money to pay them. Hon. D. Wyatt Aiken, of South Carolina, has taiien charge of the ag ricultural department of the Charles ton News and Courier. The State Grange of South Caroli na will meet i Columbia on tbe first Wednesday in February. Industrial Items. —The total shipments of petroleum to foreign ports, from Philadelphia alone, since January Ist, 1876, amounted to 63,711 368 gallons, of which 17,788,753 gallons were sent to Bremen, 15,527,285 to Autwerp, 4,- 367,733 to Hamburg, 2,437,338 to Rot terdam, and 2,922,053 to London, —The New York elevated railway now runs 184 trains daily. —A statement of tbe produce trade of Milwaukee, for the year 1876, gives the following figures: Receipt of wheat, including flour reduced to bushels, 28,147,481 bushels; ship ments, 30,006,797; total receipts of grain, 32,884,255 bushels ; shipments, 32,899,320. —Chicago made 25,000 tons of soap last year. —The Edgar Thompson steel works, of Pittsburg are having a shear con structed that will weigh 35 tons. It is double acting; one end is to cut hot steel ingots and the other to cut cold steel rails. —The exportation of American wall paper has commenced.