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VOLUME IV. Ik®l®*®lWoe Official Organ of the Patrons of Husbandry. Georgia seven per cent bonds have gone up to 109 in New York. g A big oats yield is reported by Mr. Summerford, of Dooly, of ninety bushels to the acre. W. H. Searcy, of Talbot county, made *ioo bushels of wheat from two and three-fourths acres. ' They are to have a huge 4th of July picnic on the Alcova river, in Newton county. None but those who will take a lunch basket are invited —all such as will, however, are cordially asked to join. j yjt ‘ ~ ~ * ■. j= spjpplyi.'g the North C .v;ith * peaches. Several car loads Jeave the State daily for Cincinnati, Colmmbus, Ohio, New York and other Northern cities. The peach crop is very large. The Perry Home Journal says sev eral millions of potato and chufa slips have been set out in Houston county the past week. Corn is selling lor one dollar, and wheat one dollar and a quarter per bushel in the county. The Dispatch says: “One wiregrass woolraiser sold in Hawkinsville last Saturday about 3,000 pounds of the woolly staple at 31 cents, and when asked what he expected to do with his money, replied that he “ thought of buying more land and sheep.” The Americus Republican has it, that a Pair Association, with a solid capital will be organized in Sumter county. The Fort Valley Mirror learns that two of the bondsmen of Mr. Watson, Tax Collector, have gone off his bond, and Governor Colquitt has notified him that anew bond would be requir ed ; and if not satisfactory, the office will be declared vacant at the expira tion of the ten days’ time given to make the new bond. Charley Holmes, the gay and fes tive colored youth who burned three stores in Eatonton, in January last, was caught in Social Circle. Mr. Whitehead, and the sheriff of Putnam county, trailed him to that place, and his capture was effected June 19th. He was taken to Putnam. Mocking-birds are becoming rarer in Georgia, by reason of their cap ture by the professional catchers, who sell them in the Northern mar ket. A consignment was shipped through Augusta, Ga., a few days ago containing 150 young mocking-birds not fully fledged. Stop it. A special from Logansport, Ind., announces the death of ex-Senator Daniel I). Pratt. Mr. Pratt entered the Senate in 1868, as the successor of Thomas A. Hendricks. He had just been elected a member of the forty-first Congress when chosen Sen ator. At the conclusion of his sena torial term, was appomted by President Grant Commissioner of In*, teral Revenue, and held that impor- tant office during the Bristow crusade upon the whisky ring. He was a man of unimpeachable honesty, and weigh ed 350 pounds. The death of Judge Pettit, also an ex-United States Sen ator, is reported from LaFayette. The Postmaster General has deci ded to reduce the salaries of letter carriers five per cent after June 30. Either this or a reduction of the force is made necessary by the insufficient appropriation of last session, and a reduction of salary was decided upon rather than a dismissal of a part of the force. Another Supreme Court Judge dead. June 19, Judge James M. Clark, of the Southwestern Circuit, died at his residence in Americus. The Republican says : “ His death is if- calhmitf to those wiiO*tocked to him for every thing. He was about fifty-two ythrs old, and leaves a wife and five child ren. His tombstone might fitly bear the simple inscription, “ Hear lies an honest man.” He lived and died no: only an honest man but a good one.’’ While in Paris the Prince of Wales dined with the Princess de Sagan, who occupies the most splendid hotel in Paris, the mansion in the Rue St. Dominique, built by one of the fa mous financiers, Hope, for his own occupation. It cost him about sl,- £OO,OOO, the bill for plumbing and gas fitting amounting to $340,000. iThere is a ball-room decorated by Diaz, a supper-room to seat twohundred peo ple, and a marvellous dining-room. The gardens are ample, and have several fountains lit by electric lights. The stables are the wonder of the es tablishment, and are so spacious that they were used as a theatre for the representation of a piece of Dumas. How would a hotel like that work up in the mountains, at Brimstone Springs ? SLOW DVT SUIIJE, The “slow-fighter” was a tall, raw boned specimen of the Lumpkin county breed, and when he arrived in the mining camp the boys began to have fun with him —to “mill him,” as they call it iri the parlance of the mines. He stood it for a long time with perfect equanimity, until finally one of the party dared him out of doors to fight. He went. When they got all ready and squared off Lumpkin county stretched out his long neck and pre sented the tip of his big nose tempt ingly close to his tormentor : “I’m a little slow,” he said, “and can’t fight unless *’•’? well riled; just paste me one^ 1 !^ 3 °!jod ’un —right on the end of t meller!” His rc*mt was complied with. 4 “That ? was a good ’un,” he said, calmly “but I don’t feel quite riled yit*—(turning the side of his head to the adversary)—“please chug me an other lively one under the ear !” The astonished adversary again complied, whereupon Lumpkin coun ty, remarking that he was “not quite as well riled as he would like to be, but would do the best he could,” sail ed into the crowd, and for the next ten days the “boys” were employed in mending broken jaws, repairing dam aged eyes, and tenderly lesurrecting smashed noses. FRANKLIN PRINTING HOUSE, ATLANTA, GA., JUNE 30, 1877. One of the most and structive con flagrations ever known occurred in St. Johns, New Brunswick, June 20th. The fire commenced at 2 p. m , with strong northwesterly winds, destroy ing the Custom-house, Victoria Hotel, Academy of Music, Dramatic Ly ceum, Royal Hotel, Bank of New Brunswick, Maritime Bank, Agencies of the banks of Montreal and Nova Scotia, Savings Bank, Victoria school house, grammar school, Trinity church, St. Andrew’s church, Centen iary church, German street Methodist church, City Hall, water commission er’s office, banking houses of Simeon, Jones & Cos., Geo. Phelps and Mac- Lelland & Cos., Western Union Tele graph office, Daily Telegraph news piper, offices of the Daily News, Globe, Freeman, and Watchman news paper news rooms ; all the insurance offices, Ritchie’s building, law offices, and a large number of business houses. Several vessels were burned to the water’s edge. Five men and two iiifants are known to be lost. Manyrare missing. * The is esti* matecj at from fen tq fifteen millions, famine threatens. The area burned is nearly two hun dred acres. Every street, square and alley was filled with furniture, and thousands of persons without food or shelter. The International compa ny’s steamer, of New York, sheltered and fed one thousand persons, and vessels in the stream have large num bers of people on board. Thousands had to get away from the lower part of the city by boats. There is no regular postal headquarters in the citv proper. Fully half the city is destroyed. Women are in the streets crying for bread. Montreal sent for the sufferers one thousand barrels of flour, one hundra barrels of beef, car load of bread and a car load of biscuits. Dispatches from all quarters show movements for relief of the 15,000 homeless people. One of the heaviest real estate men in New York having been under the harrow for some months,now has aban doned the figbt, and given up every thing to his creditors. He was a very successful cotton broker. All the money he made he put into real es tate. His revenues were very large. His income was eight hundred thou sand dollars a year. One building, near Trinity Church, yielded him a rental of ninety thousand dollars per annum. Everything he touched turned to gold. He was loaded down with cotton. One day a merchant handed him a check of three hun dred thousand dollars to cancel a contract. He took it. Within ten days cotton surged up and he made a fortune. He owned an elegant house on Fifth avenue. He crowded it with paintings, statuary, and works of art. Not content with this, he was induced by a speculator to take hold of a railroad. He bought bonds at sixty. Soon after they went down to forty, and the gentleman bought all he could lay his hands on. He took the road. He proposed to run it. He found it unfinished. He equipped it; spent three hundred thousand dol lars in locomotives and rolling stock. Ruin came to him as it comes to ev ery one who dabbles in outside mat ters. The panic completed his de moralization. His fine New York property was mortgaged for more than it was worth. To-day he has ceased to struggle. Few men will be warned and few men be wiser for this. Here is a man who a few months ago had a royal income of eight hundred thousand dollars a year. He wanted to make it a million. Now he is hope lessly bankrupt. The next week or two the Georgia press will squeeze ou: nineteen thou sand reports of college commence ments. 1 THe Metallurgy of Copper, (From the Atlanta Independent.] Coppltr pyrites and gray copper ore are chiefly used for the extraction of copper, and are the most difficult to reduce.' Gray ore contains the sul phides of copper,- silver, antimony, arsenic and lead. The method of re ducing these ores in Canton, Mary land, isabout as follows : The ore is concentrated by hand, by breaking as much of the gangue off as possible with aMrammer, or by use of concen trating-jjjpachinery, Kroms, or some other modern invention. It is then roasted in a reverberatory furnace, under the flame of a coal fire. A small portion of the sulphur is vola tilized, and escapes; a part of it is converted into sulphurous acid, an other part into sulphuric acid, which is left'-in combination with the oxides of iron and copper. A part of the arsenic is also expelled by this pro cess. The roasted ore is then put in another reverberatory furnace for fu sion|j|MjS;)e oxidized ores of copper mixed with Tt, a of fhy'’-;-spar ifpr'dded to help the fu sion of the slag. The oxides and sul phides are decomposed, the copper combining chiefly with the sulphur, whilsi the iron takes the oxygen and passes into the slae. The product thus obtained is about one-third cop per and the greater part of the re mainder is sulphur. It is granulated by running it into a cistern of water. A third Toasting then takes place, and afterward a fusion with other ores and slags rich in the oxides of copper. The latter roasting is done in * peculiar manner—the crude cop per being refined by fusion in contact with air and with silica, by which the sulphur is finally removed, and the foreign metals pass into the slag. The copper is then purified by fusion in contact with charcoal. At Ducktown, in Tennessee, the roasting is done in the open air, in large heaps, the'ore being turned over several times, and the roasting re peated until a good portion of the sulphur is expelled. The ore, in handling while hot and exposure to the air, becomes more or less pulver ized, which greatly facilitates the process of desulphurization. No at tempt. is made at Ducktown to save the acids, which, if saved, might be utilized by using them in the manu facture of copper. The ore must first he converted into the oxide of copper, which is impossible by the Ducktown method of roasting, as some of it will be a sulphate, and some oxides, and some the unaltered sulphides of copper and iron. If the ore was all roasted to an oxide of copper, and put into a bath of sulphuric t acid, the acid would take up the copper in solution. This solution drawn off into another tank, in which is placed a quantity of scrap iron, which causes the copper to pre cipitate and deposit upon the iron. The process may be facilitated by agitating the contents of the tank. Instead of a tank for precipitating, troughs may be used; the iron lying in the bottom receives the copper as the solution passes over, which must, however, be very slow. The Ducktown ores could be de sulphurized in one roasting, and the manufacture of copper greatly cheap ened and simplified. Instead of taking several weeks to roast a pile of twenty-five tons of ore, and very imperfectly at that, it could be done in twenty-four hours. The entire apparatus, exclusive of power for roasting twenty-five tons per day, would not cost over SSOO. My belief is that copper could be manufactured from 3m- per cent ore for 7 cents per poqifd. I should concentrate all the ore to per cent, or above, and make it as uniform as possible. Four of the improved roasting furnaces would cost less than $2,000, and make 8,000 pounds of refined copper every day from 31% per cent ore. A fifteen-horse power e. gine would furnish the power for all of them. Of course this does not in clude crushing the ores, which must be done before they are roasted. It may not be out of the way to repeat here what has been said in a fortner article, i. e. that sulphuretted ores cannot be desulphurized with nit being brought in contact with heat and oxygen, amft to do this the ores must first be pulverized to a powder. The sulphur must be converted into a sulphurous acid gas, and this can only be done by the combined action of heat and oxygen, and the oxygen cannot reach the centre of a piece of of ore as large as a grain of wheat. The ores having been well pulverized, they are passed to the drying plates at top of the furnace, where it is fed along by a mechanical contrivance. The plates being hotthe pulpbecomes a dry, hot sand ready to ignite when it isS taken up by the caster and thron>‘tKrou>& sand* as roasted, tails into water, and the sul;.h: :cs are dissolved, the metal being held in solution, and the gan gue set free. The oxides, together with the gangue of the sulphates, are then taken to a concentratingmachine, and as much as possible of the gangue separated from the metal. It then goes direct to the refining furn ace, and is made into ingots of re fined copper. The draft of the furnace should be produced by suction, so that the smoke and poisonous exhalations can be controlled. In using the improved roasting furnace it is now necessary, of course, to work the ores by the humid process, as described above, and I believe that it is better and more economical. In South Wales a ton of copper from per cent ore costs S3BO, $275 of which is for the ore. In Thuringia and Voigtland 1 per cent slate is worked very profita bly; and at Twista, Waldeck, 1 per cent ore is made to pay by the ay drochloric acid process. Buttheffe cret of working the ores cheap is in first pulverizing the ores, and then knowing how to roast them. All at tempts to do so in the ordinary furn aces have failed. The ore will cake and form a solid mass, and choke up the retort. By the improved method of roast ing the ore is perfectly desulphurized in one operation, and the bismuth and antimony, and most of the arse nic, goes off with the sulphur. To work by the humid process, using 100 tons of ore daily, steatite could be used for acid chambers and tanks, and save about three-fourths the amount of sheet lead usually used for such operations. A rubber cement is made by which the blocks of steatite are cemented together, and upon which the sulphuric acid will not act. The steatite will absorb some of the acid, which only has a tendency to facilitate the manufacture, as it sets the acid to working same as “mother” sets the vinegar working. In other words it forms a mattrix for the sulphuric acid. I have written more than I intended, but on this subject there is no stop ping place. A. H. M. It is said that the moon has gained about an inch in rapidity of motion within the last hundred years. This is, no doubt, true, for young men‘will tell you that when talking at the gate with tb'sr sweethearts the moon goes down ijJXich quicker now than it did when they were boys waiting to rob a watermelon patch. A telegraph office has been opened on Fire Island, 35 miles out to sea, from Sandy Hook. NUMBER 25. GROW-- WHICH ? > A cabin’s wide, I At eventide: I Tue traveler seeking skelter-xtliere, — " ‘ ‘Keep you all night ? Savtin, Jedge, light, • ) Sech as we hev we share. “Jones are our name.” “Squire Jones ?’’ “The same. You ’quainted much this way ? Sal, fetch a chair ; You Bill out tliar, Give that yer liosb some hay.” Of rooms but two Has Jones, and few His household goods, and poor,— Two chairs/ one bed— Hie guests instead Have “shakedowns" on the floor. Yet here, forsooth This man uncouth Has pictures twenty-three! Cheap prints and small Save one, are all— A chromo that, of Lee. The traveler says, With wondering gaze : “You’re fond of fine aits. Squire ?” “a ictur’s ? Oh, Sal, My eldest gal, Hez a hankerin’ for themlthar.” 1 ‘ That chromo’s fine : If it were mine I’d deem myself quite i rich, As doubtless you, \ ~ - ■ii— aMj friind, “Beg pardiug, JedgeTcfow-which '"mBP “Chro-mo, that one— j The South’s true son ; Of course you hold that dear.” “Crow-wo !” says he, “That’s old Bob Lee,— I fit under him four year !' The following from the London Far mer is worthy of the consideration of every farmer: “The quality of our pastures can be improved by the free use of manures, and be made to carry an extra quantity of stock. Whatever turn agriculture may take in the future, the present stage in its history may be productive of permanent good. Grass land was being neglected. All tie manure made on the farm or purchased of the manu facturers was generally applied to crops of roots or grain. The pastures were allowed to take care of themselves. Now, however, farmers are beginning to understand that in no way can ma nure be applied with more direct cer tainty of obtaining good results than by its application to grass land. Corn may be unduly forced. Duriug a wet season a heavy manuring of the soil may result in a great deal of straw and but a small yield of good sound grain. Roots, also, may run to leaf at the ex pense of bulb. And even should the bulbs grow to a large size, they lack in quality from being forced by heavy dressings of manure. But inasmuch as an abundance of blade, not of seed, is the prime object in the cultivation of grass land, any manure Replied and which takes effect can only take effect in an increase of bulk in the direction most desirable to the farmer. The ma nuring of grass laud has not been as popular as manuring laud for corn, al though, as we have pointed out, ma nure applied to pastures is more certain in its results than when applied to roots or corn, still the benefits derived from improving pastures are not quite so apparent to the farmer as the increase of bulk of his turnips or wheat. Cattle are turned into the pastures and shifted about from one field to another as a fresh bite is obtained, and is thus a difficulty in assessing the true results. The fanner, of course, knows the land is improved, but he does not exactly know by how much. The increase,except in the case of hay, cannot be measured or weighed, as his corn is, after the harvest. The improvement, however, is none the less real, and must inevita bly tell in the long run on his ledger accounts. It is satisfactory to know, therefore, that the proper management of grass land is at present engaging the attention of agriculturists throughout the country.” We want 10,000 additional subscribers to The Georgia Grange. We ask our friends, and the friends of agricultural interests, to at once send us new subscri bers.