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The Acknowledged Leader
?WitP
The Penn Mutual
■
osurance Co.,
Wrote in the state of
Georgia last year over
Eight Million Dollars.
Worth of new business. Their next,
competitor wrote Two Million less.
Comparison with other companies
would be too ridiculous. If you want
Good, safe, clean and attractive in=
surance, see me.
I will take pleasure in giving you an
illustration at any time. We invite
comparison.
O. E. Cox,
Agent,
Camilla, Georgia,
-a
¥ ? ~ i
A DOSE IN TIME SAVES NINE
For COUGHS, GOLDS, SORE THROAT, BRONCHITIS
THE MAGIC CURE IS
BRONCHODA
A Scientifically Prepared Remedy free from
Opiates, Narcotics, or Poisons in any form
25c. a Bottle
SHERROUSE MEDICINE CO. New Orleans.
Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co.
Double Daily Passenger Service.
-TO
"Montgomery, Troy, Ozark, Dothan, Elba, Bainbridge, Thomas
ville, Valdosta, Waycrnss, Savannah, Charleston,
Brunswick. Jacksonville and all
Florida Points.
Through Pullman cars on all through trains and to
New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Washington, Richmond, and all points
■east over its own rails to Rielunond and Norfolk, to St. Louis, Cincinnati, Louis¬
ville, Chicago. Kansas City, Birmingham, Nashville, New Orleans, and all points
■west and northwest.
No. 72. Leave Camilla going North an 10:86 a. m.
No, 74. Leave Camilla going North at 6:04 p. m.
No. 71. Leave Camilla going South at 5:00 p. m.
No. 78. Leave Camilla going South at 8:45 a. m.
Connection at Savannah with Ocean Steamship Line and M. & M. T Company for New York,
Boston and Baltimore.
No. 32 leaves Shomasville daily at 6:15 a m., connects at Jesup with through sleeper for Wash¬
ington, Philadelphia, New York and the East. No 40 leaving ThomasviUe at 2;35 p m makes con¬
nection at W».ycross for the same eastern points. No 57 leaviDg at 1 ;15 a m carries through sleep¬
er to St Louis. No 39 leaving at 10;5O a m connects at Montgomery with through sleeper for all
western points. For further information call on nearest Ticket Agent or address
T. J. BOTTOMS, T. P. A-, J. A- TAYLOR, T- P. A.,
ThomasviUe, Ga- Montgomery, Ala*
W. H. LEAHY, D- P. A., W- J- CRAIG, G- P. A.,
Savannah, Ga. * Wilmington, h. C.
H- M- EMERSON, Tra- Mgr., Wilmington. N- C-
LETTER Oil FERTILIZERS
Description of Various Nitro¬
genous Materials Used.
PACKING HOUSE PRODUCES, ETC.
State Chemist John S. McCandlesa
Interestingly and instructively Upon
This Important and Much Discussed
Question.
Letter No. 6.
As you and others have written mo
to know what is the value ot the dif¬
ferent. materials used in the manufac¬
ture of commercial fertilizers, I will
give you at this point a fairly com¬
plete account of the substances prin¬
cipally used. First, we will consider
in the order of their value in dollars
and cents, and their agricultural im¬
portance, the. nitrogeneous materials,
or those which yield nitrogen to the
plant. Such substances are also known
as ammoniates, because under certain
conditions the nitrogen which they con¬
tain can be converted into ammonia.
Now nitrogen and ammonia are not ths
same thing by any means, but still
hey are closely related, they are both
gases. Nitrogen, as I have described
to you before, in another place, Is a
colorless, odorless, tasteless gas, and
constitutes four-fifths of the air or at¬
mosphere. which envelops the earth.
Ammonia is also a gas and is cololess,
but it has a pungent odor, the same
which you have noticed in spirits of
hartshorn or spirits of ammonia bought
from the drug store. It also has a
caustic burning taste, and is easily
dissolved in water, which nitrogen is
not.
Ammonia is made by causing nitro¬
gen to combine with hydrogen. Four¬
teen pounds of nitrogen combine with
three pounds of hydrogen to make sev¬
enteen pounds of ammonia, so that
ammonia always contains a large
amount of nitrogen, but nitrogen never
contains any ammonia. And right
here it is well for you to understand,
that we have all fallen into a very un¬
wise and .erroneous habit of speaking
about a fertilizer as containing such
a per cent, of ammonia. As a matter
of fact, it is rarely if ever the case
that a fertilizer contains any ammo¬
nia, as such at all, but it does contain
nitrogen combined in various forms.
As you know, it is customary, In
the careless way of talking obtaining
among us ail, to speak of cottonseed
meal as containing eight per cent, am¬
monia. That is wrong; it does not
contain any ammonia, but. it does con¬
tain six and sixtenths per cent, of ni¬
trogen in the form of albuminoids or
protein, of'which I wrote you so much
in my letters on feeding; and this six
and six-tenth per cent, of nitrogen can
under certain chemical conditions be
converted intp 8 per cent, of ammonia.
I hope, then, I have made this plain,
and when you buy a fertilizer in the
future don’t imagine because you smell
certain peculiar odors about it that
you s«iell ammonia; that is rarely if
ever the case; the odors you smell are
usually due to animal matters, fish
scrap, etc., and indicate no greater
value In the fertilizer than one which
has no odor at all.
In the game way a dark or black
color is no indication of value in the
fertilizer. In point of fact, the high¬
est grade fertllzer which could possibly
be compounded by the art of man
would be snow white in color. The
materials used for compounding such
a fertilizer would' be nitrate of am¬
monia and phosphate of potash, and
these salts when chemically pure are
snow white salts. To return Blow to
our description of the various nitro¬
genous materials. Cottonseed-meal,
„
with which you are fully' familiar,
stands first In importance in Southern
agriculture.
An average meal of good quality
will contain six and six-tenths per
cent, of nitrogen, which, if converted
into ainmonia, would be equal to eight
per cent.
It also contains' an average of 2.7
per cent, of phosphoric acid and 1.3
per cent, potash. It is a very vain
able fertilizer, and constitutes the ni¬
trogen litse of the greater portion of
commercial fertilizers manufactured In
the South.
Next to cottonseed-meal the mate¬
rials used most largely in the manu¬
facture of commercial fertilizers are
the
“Packing House Products.”
As little is generally known of these
and the manner of their production. I
will give you a brief account of their
manufacture.
The great packing-houses are lo-:31,
ad chiefly in Chicago, Kansas City and
Omaha, where immense numbers of
cattle are slaughtered, and the various
parts of the body are put to some spe.
cial use. Apart from the production
of dressed beef, mutton or pork, there
is, of course, a large quantity of waste
to be utilized,, but the material most
interesting to u* Is that which 1? used
for fertilizers; this conohgs of blood.
bones, and' a -mixture of scraps of
skin, bones and blood.
Dried Blood.
The material known as “dried blood"
the most valuable fertilizing prod¬
and the richest in' nitrogen. In
this material, the liquid
is collected in vats, where it is
this process causes the sepa¬
of the protein of the blood from,
of the water; it Is then put into
where about one-half of the
is pressed' out. After pressing
is still damp, and in the form of
these cakes are next broken up
dried by passing them through a
mechanical drier heated by steam.
damp cakes go in at one end of
machine and dry cakes come out
the other, when they are ground
a powder and sacked ready for mar¬
This blood will usually contain
thirteen per cent, of nitrogen,
which, is the equivalent of about six
teen per cent, of ammonia, but as in >
case of the cottonseed-meal, there
Is actually no ammonia in it.
Tankage.
The next important product of the
slaughter-house is what is known to
the fertilizer trade at “Tankage.” This
is a mixture of blood, bones, waste
scraps of meat, etc. This material
gets its name from the fact that it is
cooked in huge tanks in the first stage
of its preparation. It is cooked un¬
der steam pressure at a high tempera¬
ture for several hours. As a result,
most of the fat in the mass is melted
and rises to the top of the tanks, where
it is skimmed off and utilized for snap¬
making and other purposes. The
bones and the cooked: meat, etc., now
lie at the bottom of the tank, and the
tank water is dark and highly colored
—is in fact a sort of soup, containing
nitrogenous matter in solution. The
solid matter, bones etc., are removed,
dried and crushed or ground in the
same way as was done with the dried
blood product.
Bone Meal.
There are also three kinds of bone
meal produced: raw bone meal, reg¬
ular bone meal, and steamed bone
meal. The first is, as its name indi¬
cates, produced by the crushing and
grinding of raw bones, after remov¬
ing any adhering fat or meat. This
material contains 'about four per cent,
of nitrogen, twenty-three per cent, of
total phosphoric acid, and eight and
one-half per cent, of available phos¬
phoric acl-d. The regular bone meal
is oooked under pressure for a few
hours in the tanks; this removes fat
and also causes some loss of nitrogen,
make tho product grind easier and
finer. This grade of bone meal con¬
tains about three per cent., nitrogen,
twenty-seven and one-half per cent,
total phosphoric acid twelve and one
half per cent, available phosphoric
acid. Steamed bone-meal is the prod¬
uct of the glue works, and is made
by grinding the bone left after boiling
all the fat and glue out of them that
can be obtained. This process reduces
the percentage of nitrogen, so that
steamed' bone meal will hardly average
more than two per cent, of nitrogen,
but has about the same amount of
phosphoic acid as the ordinary bone
meal.
Horn and Hoof Meal, Misconceptions
About.
Horn and hoof meal Is another prod¬
uct of the slaughter house. Imper¬
fect horns and dark-colored hoofs are
first thoroughly steamed, then dried
and ground into meal. The better
quality of horns and hoofs command
very high prices, even as $200 a ton,
for other purposes, in the manufac¬
ture of 'buttons and novelties; hence
the quanity of this material coming
on the market is limited. There was
formerly a great prejudice against it,
and it used to be considered fraudulent
to use it in fertilizers. Even in stand¬
ard workB On agricultural chemistry
of quite recent date the material is
spoken of as being only very slowly
available as plant-food. This, how¬
ever, has in the past two or three
years been shown to be an error, and
the material is now regarded by those
best informed as a rich and highly
available source of nitrogen. It con¬
tains about fifteen per cent, of nitro¬
gen. The quantity of it on the market
is comparatively small. There are
many other products of the packing¬
house, but these are the chief ones of
interest to the fertilizer trade, and to
the farmer.
In the next letter I will finish de
scrib’ng the nitrogenous fertilizer ma¬
terials, and write you something about
phosphates.
Yours truly,
JOHN M. McOANDLSSS,
State Chemist.
A : Mistake
Plot - m e sometimes very
•xpen-ive. Occasionally Dfe it
■W'lf *o tho price of a. r*':' c take, hut
you’J never he wrong if you take
f)r. Kinc’s New Life Pills for Dys¬
pepsia, Dizziness, Headache, Liv
:!• i,r-Howel trhuhu*- fh-v are
gen'le vet, ihotougii. 2ue. at
L' wis Drug Co.
*> rv»e&oa*aea®B*ES»H«a9gosoa9M
Legal Notices. a
g
Leave To Sell.
GEORGIA- —Mitchell County.
To The Hon. W. N. Sjieuce, Judge of
the Superior Court of said County.
The petition of C. M. Baggs shows:
1st. That lie is guardian of Irwin
Baggs, heretofore duly appointed as such
guardian.
2nd. That he desires to sell, for re¬
investment, at private sale, the follow¬
ing described property, the same being
part of the property of his said w ru, to
wit: One-twelfth undivided m -rest in
a certain tract of land in Block F. in the
town of Camilla, county oi Mitchell,
state of Georgia, said tract o; land front¬
ing east oil Scott street 65 fi«-t and ex¬
tending tlley. west 210 feet, more or less, to an
Bounded on the north by the
warehouse of Butler, Besrii Rs Butler,
0,1 south by land of S. G. Stubbs,
said warn of Laid uemg m Uie shape of a
rectangle.
iird. Said interest in said land pays
no profit, and is a constant source of ex¬
pense in the form of taxes, etc.
4th. Petitioner desires to invest t ha
proceeds of said sale in the following
property, towit: Good profit paying
bonds and stocks.
6th. Petitioner shows that notice of
his intention to make this application
has been published once a week for four
weeks as required by law.
C. M. Baggs,
Guardian of Irwin Baggs.
Sworn to and subscribed before me,
this December 15th, 1904.
A. R, Baggs, N. P.,
Mitchell county, Georgia.
GEORGIA —Mitchell county.
After four week’s notice, pursuant to
Section 2546 of the Civil Code, a petition,
of which the foregoing is a correct copy,
will be presented to the Hoa. W. N.
Spence, Judge of the Superior court, at
Ins office, in Camilla. Ga., on the 80th,
day of January, 1905.
C. M. Baggs,
Guardian of Irwin Baggs.
SHERIFF SA ES*
GEORGIA— Mitchell county.
Will be sold before tho court house
door on the first Tuesday in January,
next, the following property towit: One
large mouse colored mare mule and’’ one
black horse mule. Levied on by virtne
of a mortgage fi fa from the City court,
Camilla, in favor of John Holluisworth
vs. J. L. Singleton. This Dec. 7, 1904.
I. Smith, Sheriff.
APPLICATION EOS YEAR’S SUPPORT.
Georgia, Mitchell County.
Mrs. Norma McFarland, having made
application for twelve mouths support
out of the estate of J. A. McFarland,
and appraisers duly appointed to set
apart tho same, having filed their re¬
turns. All persons concerned are hereby
required to show cause before the Court
of Ordinary of said county on tho first
Monday plication in January, 1905, why said ap¬
should not be granted. This
Deo. 6th, 1904.
J. G. Wood, Ordinary.
CITATION.
GEORGIA— Mitchell county.
Notice is hereby given that the under¬
signed has applied to the Ordinary belong¬ of
said eounty for leave to sell land
ing to tho estate of A, J. Akridgo. Said
application will bo hoard at the regular
term of the Court of Ordinary for said
county to be held on the first Monday in
January, 1905. This 8th, day of Decem¬
ber, 1904,
W. J. Akridgo and Mrs. Yesta
Administrators Akridge,
upon the estate of A. J.
Akridge.
APPLICATION POS QUASI IANSIII7.
GEORGIA—Mitchell County.
Martin Jones, having applied for Guar¬
dianship of t.iie person and property of
Carl Jones and Orel Jones, minor chil¬
dren of J. F. Jones, late, of said county,
deceased. Notice is given that said ap¬
plication will lie heard at my office at 10
o’clock a. m., on the first Monday in
January, next. This 6th, day of Deeem*
her, 1904.
J. G. Wood, Ordinary.
Leave To Sell.
GEORGIA—Mitchell County.
Notice is hereby given that the uuder
signed has applied to tlm Ordinary of
said county for leave to sell land belong¬
ing to the estate of C. W. Collins, Sr.,
for the payment of debts and for distri¬
bution. Said application will be heard
at the regular term of the Court of Ordi¬
nary for said county to be held on the
first Monday in January, 1905. This
Dee. 6th, 1904. Collins,
W. B.
Administrator upon the estate of C. W.
Collins, Sr.
Loans.
Five year loans negotiated on
farm lands at lowest rates. When
you come to make application
bring your chain of title.
Edwin L. Bryan, Att’y at Law,
Moultrie. Ga.
To Teachers.
Key to Examinations.
contains the Questions and An¬
swers of every Public School Ex¬
amination in Georgia since We 1888.
Sixteen years’ work. will
send it postpaid, on receipt of
Ofie Dollar- Descriptive circu¬
lars free. B. S. Holden. Ca,sh
•ier Gilmer County Bank, Ehijay,
Gtorgia. 4fc.